Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

Embodiment of supernumerary robotic limbs in virtual reality.

The supernumerary robotic limb system expands the motor function of human users by adding extra artificially designed limbs. It is important for us to embody the system as if it is a part of one's own body and to maintain cognitive transparency in which the cognitive load is suppressed. Embodiment studies have been conducted with an expansion of bodily functions through a "substitution" and "extension". However, there have been few studies on the "addition" of supernumerary body parts. In this study, we developed a supernumerary robotic limb system that operates in a virtual environment, and then evaluated whether the extra limb can be regarded as a part of one's own body using a questionnaire and whether the perception of peripersonal space changes with a visuotactile crossmodal congruency task. We found that the participants can embody the extra-limbs after using the supernumerary robotic limb system. We also found a positive correlation between the perceptual change in the crossmodal congruency task and the subjective feeling that the number of one's arms had increased (supernumerary limb sensation). These results suggest that the addition of an extra body part may cause the participants to feel that they had acquired a new body part that differs from their original body part through a functional expansion.

Parallax Free Registration for Augmented Reality Optical See-Through Displays in the Peripersonal Space.

Egocentric augmented reality (AR) interfaces are quickly becoming a key asset for assisting high precision activities in the peripersonal space in several application fields. In these applications, accurate and robust registration of computer-generated information to the real scene is hard to achieve with traditional Optical See-Through (OST) displays given that it relies on the accurate calibration of the combined eye-display projection model. The calibration is required to efficiently estimate the projection parameters of the pinhole model that encapsulate the optical features of the display and whose values vary according to the position of the user's eye. In this article, we describe an approach that prevents any parallax-related AR misregistration at a pre-defined working distance in OST displays with infinity focus; our strategy relies on the use of a magnifier placed in front of the OST display, and features a proper parameterization of the virtual rendering camera achieved through a dedicated calibration procedure that accounts for the contribution of the magnifier. We model the registration error due to the viewpoint parallax outside the ideal working distance. Finally, we validate our strategy on a OST display, and we show that sub-millimetric registration accuracy can be achieved for working distances of ±100 mm around the focal length of the magnifier.

Apoyo social y uso de espacios de vida en la persona mayor en el contexto rural / Social Support and the Use of Life Spaces by Older Adults in the Rural Context

Introducción: El uso de espacios de vida cobra interés investigativo sobre el envejecimiento, por ser una medida de movilidad y participación social, pues refleja factores físicos, psicosociales y ambientales necesarios para el funcionamiento independiente. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados con el apoyo social y uso de los espacios de vida en el contexto rural. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con 193 adultos mayores de 60 años, del municipio de Samaniego, departamento de Nariño. Se describió el comportamiento del uso del espacio de vida y su relación con variables demográficas, cognitivas, emocionales y psicosociales mediante modelos de regresión lineal y logística. Resultados: La escala LSA presentó una media de 21,68 (DE = 18,6), se observó correlación con la variable edad (Rho = -0,15, p = 0,042) y género (d = -0,05; IC 95 por ciento -0,35 a 0,23). Hubo relación directamente proporcional pero baja con el Test Minimental (Rho = 0,04, p = 0,580) y Yesavage (Rho = -0,13, p = 0,064). Con la escala apoyo social, hubo correlaciones bajas en apoyo emocional (Rho = 0,19, p = 0,009), instrumental (Rho = 0,13, p = 0,062), interacción social positiva (Rho = 0,23, p = 0,001) y apoyo afectivo (Rho = 0,16, p = 0,027). Conclusión: Las características psicosociales y demográficas influyeron en la utilización que el adulto mayor rural hace de su espacio vital(AU)

Introduction: The use of life spaces is gaining research interest regarding aging, as it is a measure of mobility and social participation, insofar it reflects physical, psychosocial and environmental factors necessary for independent functioning. Objective: To identify the factors associated with social support and the use of life spaces in the rural context. Methods: Descriptive study carried out with 193 adults aged over 60 years, from the Samaniego Municipality, Nariño Department. The behavior of the use of life spaces and its relationship with demographic, cognitive, emotional and psychosocial variables were described using linear and logistic regression models. Results: The LSA scale presented a mean of 21.68 (SD=18.6). A correlation was observed with the variable age (Rho=-0.15, P=0.042) and gender (d=-0.05; CI 95 percent: -0.35 to 0.23). There was a directly proportional but low relationship with the Minimental test (Rho=0.04, P=0.580) and Yesavage (Rho=-0.13, P=0.064). With the social support scale, there were low correlations in emotional support (Rho=0.19, P=0.009), instrumental support (Rho=0.13, P=0.062), positive social interaction (Rho=0.23, P=0.001), and affective support (Rho=0.16, P=0.027). Conclusion: The psychosocial and demographic characteristics influenced on how rural older adults make use of their life spaces(AU)

Setting interno em revisão: configurações analíticas no trabalho com adolescentes / Internal setting under review: analytical configurations while working with adolescents / Setting interno en revisión: configuraciones analíticas en el trabajo con adolescentes / Le cadre interne à l'étude: configurations analytiques dans le travail avec les adolescents

O artigo centra-se no trabalho analítico com adolescentes, em busca da constituição do setting interno da dupla, em dois momentos: no consultório e no encontro online. Diante dos modelos relativos a espaços, a autora insere a questão do público e do privado, avaliados em graus, e dos impasses para criar, simbolicamente, limites nesse contexto. As reflexões abrem caminho para os próximos passos.

This article focuses on the analytical work with adolescents, in search of the constitution of the duo's internal setting, in two moments: in the office and in the online meeting. In the presence of models related to spaces, the issue of public and private, evaluated in degrees, and the issue of impasses to symbolically create limits in this context are inserted. The reflections pave the way for the next steps.

El artículo se centra en el trabajo analítico con adolescentes, en busca de la constitución del setting interno del dúo, en dos momentos, en la oficina y en la reunión online (modelo virtual). En vista de los modelos relacionados con los espacios, se incluye el tema de lo público y lo privado, evaluados en grados, y los obstáculos para crear, simbólicamente, límites en este contexto. Las reflexiones allanan el camino para los próximos pasos.

Cet article est centré sur le travail analytique auprès des adolescents, recherchant la constitution du cadre interne de deux personnes, à deux moments, dans le cabinet ou en ligne. En face des modèles relatifs aux espaces, on pose la question de ce qui est public et ce qui est privé, évalués à différents degrés, et celle des impasses pour créer symboliquement les limites dans ce contexte. Les réflexions ouvrent la voie aux prochains pas.

Medidas de distanciamento social e demandas para reorganização dos serviços hemoterápicos no contexto da Covid-19 / Social distancing measures and demands for the reorganization of hemotherapy services in the context of Covid-19

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo discutir as consequências das medidas de distanciamento social sobre a disponibilidade de sangue e a organização dos serviços hemoterápicos no início da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil. A partir do acesso às notícias publicadas no mês de abril de 2020 nos sites das Hemorredes estaduais do país e organizadas em matriz Excel, foram elaborados quadros-síntese e descrição de resultados. A situação crítica de abastecimento de sangue, em especial para alguns tipos sanguíneos, foi constatada em muitos estados, devido à circulação do novo coronavírus. A adoção de medidas de distanciamento social e a manutenção das demandas por transfusão para tratamentos, urgência e emergência, requereram a implantação e a implementação de estratégias e ações para reorganização dos serviços. Medidas de proteção foram incorporadas, fluxos alterados e rotinas estabelecidas. Este estudo evidencia o quanto a situação epidemiológica da Covid-19 e as medidas necessárias para o seu controle influenciaram sobre a situação dos estoques e disponibilidade de sangue, e, demandaram, mudanças na organização dos serviços hemoterápicos a fim de assegurar a proteção, mitigar os riscos de propagação do vírus e garantir o suprimento de sangue para o atendimento às necessidades do sistema de saúde.

Abstract The article aims to discuss the consequences of social distancing measures on the availability of blood and organization of blood therapy services at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. News published in April 2020 on the websites of the country's state Blood Service Networks were consulted and organized in an Excel spreadsheet, presented in summary charts, and descriptions of results were prepared. A critical situation of blood supply, especially of some blood types, has been observed in many states. This situation is influenced by the circulation of the new coronavirus. The adoption of social distancing measures associated with unchanged transfusion demands for outpatient, urgency and emergency care required the implementation of strategies and actions for the reorganization of the services. Protection measures were incorporated, flows were changed and new routines were established. This study shows the extent to which the epidemiological situation of Covid-19 and the necessary measures for its control influenced the stocks and availability of blood. Changes in the organization of blood therapy services were fundamental in order to ensure protection, mitigate the risks of spreading the virus, and ensure the blood supply to meet the needs of the health system.

Impactos da pandemia do COVID-19 e as possibilidades de atividades físicas e esportivas para pessoas com deficiência / Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibilities of physical and sports activities for people with disabilities

A pandemia do COVID-19 teve início no final de 2019 e rapidamente se espalhou pelo mundo. De repente, medidas de distanciamento e isolamento social, higienização sanitária e de forte impacto econômico eram a realidade do país e do mundo. As atividades físicas e esportivas foram impactadas e gradativamente acompanhando as restrições impostas em cada unidade da federação. As pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência, por fazer parte do grupo de risco de contágio do COVID-19, foram rigorosamente impactadas nas restrições de atividades físicas e esportivas. Dessa forma, esse ensaio teórico procura trazer breves reflexões sobre os principais impactos da COVID-19 nas atividades físicas e esportivas para pessoas com deficiência no Brasil, e também, descrever as alternativas e possibilidades de manutenção dessas atividades no país

The COVID-19 Pandemic began in late 2019 and quickly spread across the world. Suddenly distancing measures and social isolation, health and hygiene of strong economic impact were the reality of the country and the world. Physical and sports activities were impacted and gradually followed the restrictions imposed on each unit of the federation. People with a disability, to be part of the risk group of contagion COVID-19, were strictly impacted the constraints of physical and sports activities. Thus, this theoretical essay seeks to bring brief reflections on the main impacts of COVID-19 on physical and sports activities for people with disabilities in Brazil, and also to describe the alternatives and possibilities for maintaining these activities in the country

Alfabetización en salud pública ante la emergencia de la pandemia por Covid-19 / Public health literacy in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency

Resumen: La alfabetización en salud es el proceso centrado en la obtención del conocimiento, la motivación y las competencias individuales para entender y acceder a información, expresar opiniones y tomar decisiones relacionadas con la promoción y el mantenimiento de la salud, lo que es aplicable en diferentes contextos, entornos y a lo largo de toda la vida. Esta perspectiva conceptual es muy necesaria ante la emergencia del virus SARS-CoV-2 que produce la enfermedad Covid-19, la cual ha producido una pandemia con efectos devastadores, no sólo desde el punto de vista de la salud, sino también, de manera muy importante, desde el económico, político y social. En este ensayo se tratan de establecer los elementos basados en la evidencia científica que orientan las políticas públicas de prevención y control, entre los que destacan: a) la inteligencia epidemiológica, la cual incluye no sólo la estrategia de vigilancia poblacional sino, ante la imposibilidad real de identificación de todos los casos positivos, la puesta en práctica de estrategias de vigilancia centinela y la vigilancia basada en eventos; b) las medidas de mitigación de la propagación de la epidemia, tales como distanciamiento social e higiene, lavado de manos, cuarentena, restricción de movimiento y utilización de cubrebocas, entre otras; c) medidas de supresión de la transmisión cuando el número de casos es muy elevado, como el endurecimiento de medidas drásticas de encierro en casa; d) fortalecimiento de la capacidad de atención médica en los sistemas de salud e incremento de la capacidad de prevención de la transmisión en los servicios de salud, incluyendo la utilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas; y e) el desarrollo de vacunas profilácticas contra Covid-19, así como la generación de agentes terapéuticos. Todas estas acciones no sólo deben implementarse rápidamente desde la perspectiva multidisciplinaria y multisectorial de la salud pública para contener, prevenir y controlar la epidemia, sino que necesitan obligatoriamente del concurso de la comunidad como responsabilidad compartida. Debido a todo esto, es necesaria la alfabetización en salud pública.

Abstract: Health literacy is the process of obtaining knowledge, motivation and individual competencies to understand and access information, express opinions and make decisions with respect to health promotion and maintenance. This applies in different contexts, environments, and throughout life. This conceptual perspective is very necessary in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emergency. This virus produces the Covid-19 disease, which has become a pandemic of devastating effects not only healthwise, but also, importantly, from an economic, political and social point of view. This essay seeks to establish the scientific evidence-based elements that guide public policies for prevention and control. Some of these elements are: a) epidemiologic intelligence. This includes not only the strategy of public surveillance, but also sentinel and event-based surveillance, as it is impossible to actually identify all positive cases; b) Mitigating measures against the spread of the epidemic, such as social distancing and hygiene, washing hands, quarantine, restricting movement and using masks, among others; c) Measures to suppress transmission when the number of cases is very high, such as strict measures to stay at home; d) strengthening health services 'capacity for medical attention and improving health services' ability to prevent transmission, including the use of diagnostic tests; e) the development of prophylactic vaccines against Covid-19, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. All of these actions must be rapidly implemented, from a multidisciplinary and multisectorial public health perspective, and they absolutely must also be taken with the community's participation as shared responsibility. Therefore, public health literacy is needed.

Creating a shielding place for children with leukaemia during sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy: A grounded theory study.

PURPOSE: Childhood cancer invades the child's daily life and has a strong influence on their living conditions and lifestyle. The treatment is an unpleasant experience and the children often perceive the treatment as worse than the actual disease. The aim of the present study was thus to explore the process of how healthcare professionals improved care for children undergoing sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy. METHOD: A constructivist grounded theory approach was applied and qualitative interviews with paediatricians (n = 2), anaesthetists (n = 2), paediatric nurses (n = 3) and nurse anaesthetists (n = 5). RESULTS: The theory of creating a shielding place emerged and conceptualized the pattern of behavior of healthcare professionals throughout the procedure of sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy for pediatric leukaemia. The theory explains the core category 'shielding' and the process of how healthcare professionals developed strategies to resolve their main concern: a striving to reduce discomfort and suffering induced by the procedure and the treatment. These strategies, used throughout the procedure, were; de-dramatizing, de-exposing and minimizing trespassing. CONCLUSIONS: The theory of creating a shielding place offers a greater understanding of how healthcare professionals included the child's perspective in their work and thereby enabled a more sensitive and supportive care that had an impact on both quality of care and patient safety. The results from the study contributes with theoretical knowledge that can be used for developing evidence-based care guidelines for the procedure of sedating a child with leukaemia for intrathecal chemotherapy.

Cancer patients' perspectives on dignity in care.

BACKGROUND: Since "dignity" is one of the fundamental rights of every patient, consideration for patients' dignity is essential. Unfortunately, in many cases, especially in cancer patients, dignity is not fully respected. Dignity is an abstract concept, and there are only a few comprehensive studies on the dignity of cancer patients in Iran. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the perception of Iranian cancer patients on human dignity. RESEARCH DESIGN: A qualitative research approach was used as the study design. The data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:  This study was conducted on cancer patients in internal medicine wards in Iran. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from May 2017 to February 2018. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of medical universities located in Southwest of Iran. The ethical principles were carefully followed throughout the study. FINDINGS: Based on the results of the interviews, 3 main themes and 11 categories were determined. The main themes were identified as the "personal space and privacy," "respect for human values," and "moral support." DISCUSSION: The results of the present study showed the necessity of care for cancer patients in a respectful manner. The key elements in such care were the preservation of their personal space and privacy, respect for their values, and the provision of adequate moral support. These measures will have a positive effect on the perception of such patients on human dignity. CONCLUSION: Considering the special care required by cancer patients, the Iranian healthcare and hygiene managers should design and implement a care plan that includes the ethical principles related to human dignity.

A systematic review of research on adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use in the United States.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol use and marijuana use tend to be social activities among adolescents. Some youth use alcohol or marijuana while alone. This article provides a framework for examining the risk factors for and consequences of solitary alcohol and marijuana use, grounded in a motivational model that emphasizes coping with negative emotions, and provides the first systematic review of research on solitary alcohol and marijuana use among middle school- and high school-aged adolescents in the United States. METHODS: PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Articles were included if they mention solitary alcohol or marijuana (or illicit drug) use among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Studies on non-human animals, college students, non-English language publications and articles exclusively about solitary tobacco or inhalant use were excluded. Overall, 22 articles were selected. RESULTS: Prevalence of adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use was relatively high (e.g. 14% life-time solitary drinking in the general adolescent population), particularly in high-risk subgroups (e.g. 38.8% life-time solitary drinking in a sample of youth recruited from clinical and community settings). Risk factors for solitary alcohol and marijuana use include earlier onset and heavier use, coping motives, negative emotions and positive expectancies about use. Solitary alcohol and marijuana use are prospectively associated with later substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms, diminished academic performance and perceived health. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 7 adolescents in the US appear to have engaged in solitary alcohol and marijuana use at some point. It is positively associated with extent of drinking and marijuana use, cop;ing motives, negative emotions, and positive expectancies, as well as subsequent SUD symptoms and poor academic and health-related outcomes.

Covid-19 (sars-cov-2 infection) information for patients with predialytic chronic kidney disease / Informações para pacientes com doença renal crônica pré-dialítica sobre Covid-19 (infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2)

ABSTRACT Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease are among those individuals at increased risk for developing more serious forms of Covid-19. This increased risk starts in the pre-dialysis phase of the disease. Providing useful information for these patients, in language that facilitates the understanding of the disease, can help nephrologists and other healthcare professionals to establish a more effective communication with these patients and help minimize contagion and the risks of serious illness in this population.

RESUMO Pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica estão entre os indivíduos de risco aumentado para desenvolvimento de formas mais sérias de Covid-19. Esse risco aumentado inicia-se já na fase pré-dialítica da doença. Fornecer informações úteis para esses pacientes, em linguagem que facilite o entendimento da doença, pode ajudar nefrologistas e outros profissionais de saúde a estabelecerem uma comunicação mais efetiva com esses pacientes e ajudar a minimizar o contágio e os riscos de doença grave nessa população.

Medidas de distanciamento social no controle da pandemia de COVID-19: potenciais impactos e desafios no Brasil / Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 tem desafiado pesquisadores e gestores a encontrar medidas de saúde pública que evitem o colapso dos sistemas de saúde e reduzam os óbitos. Esta revisão narrativa buscou sistematizar as evidências sobre o impacto das medidas de distanciamento social na epidemia de COVID-19 e discutir sua implementação no Brasil. Foram triados artigos sobre o efeito do distanciamento social na COVID-19 no PubMed, medRXiv e bioRvix, e analisados atos do poder público nos níveis federal e estadual para sumarizar as estratégias implementadas no Brasil. Os achados sugerem que o distanciamento social adotado por população é efetivo, especialmente quando combinado ao isolamento de casos e à quarentena dos contatos. Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e de políticas de proteção social para garantir a sustentabilidade dessas medidas. Para o controle da COVID-19 no Brasil, é imprescindível que essas medidas estejam aliadas ao fortalecimento do sistema de vigilância nos três níveis do SUS, que inclui a avaliação e uso de indicadores adicionais para monitorar a evolução da pandemia e o efeito das medidas de controle, a ampliação da capacidade de testagem, e divulgação ampla e transparente das notificações e de testagem desagregadas.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available.

Fatores associados ao comportamento da população durante o isolamento social na pandemia de COVID-19 / Factors associated with people's behavior in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo O artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa de opinião realizada no Brasil sobre a percepção do isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O questionário foi elaborado no Google Forms, disseminado por redes sociais, com questões sobre o perfil socioeconômico e fatores associados ao isolamento. Obteve-se uma amostra com 16.440 respondentes. Os dados foram analisados no software Stata 13. O convívio social foi o aspecto mais afetado entre pessoas com maior escolaridade e renda 45,8%, para pessoas de baixas renda e escolaridade, problemas financeiros provocam maior impacto 35%. Os que praticam atividade física revelaram menores níveis de estresse 13%, bem como uma maior normalidade no sono 50,3%. Pessoas que referiram residir em piores condições de habitabilidade, informaram disposição a permanecer menos tempo isoladas 73,9%. Dentre as pessoas que não estão isoladas (10,7% do total), 75,8% acredita que o isolamento social reduzirá o número de vítimas da COVID-19. Concluímos, que a percepção das pessoas quanto ao isolamento social como medida de mitigação da pandemia, varia conforme a renda, escolaridade, idade e sexo, porém a maior parte acredita que se trata da medida de controle mais indicada e estão dispostas a esperar o tempo que for necessário para contribuir com o enfrentamento à COVID-19.

Abstract This paper presents the results of an opinion poll conducted in Brazil on the perception of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms, disseminated through social networks, with questions about the socioeconomic profile and factors associated with isolation. A non-probabilistic sample was obtained with 16,440 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Stata 13 software. Social interaction was the most affected aspect among people with higher education and income (45.8%), and financial problems caused a more significant impact (35%) among people with low income and education. Those who practice some physical activity showed lower levels of stress 13%, as well as greater normality in sleep 50.3%. People who reported living in worse habitability conditions reported willingness to remain isolated for less time, 73.9%. Among non-isolated people (10.7% of the total sample), 75.8% believe that social isolation will reduce the number of victims of COVID-19. We conclude, based on this sample, that the perception about social isolation as a pandemic mitigation action varies by income, education, age, and gender. However, most believe that it is the most appropriate control measure and are willing to wait as long as necessary to contribute to the fight against COVID-19.

Disgust Proneness and Personal Space in Children.

Individuals vary in their personal space (PS) size as reflected by the preferred distance to another person during social interactions. A previous study with adults showed that pathogen-relevant disgust proneness (DP) predicted PS magnitude. The present study investigated whether this association between DP and PS already exists in 8- to 12-year-old children (144 girls, 101 boys). The children answered a disgust questionnaire with the two trait dimensions "core disgust (contact with spoiled food and poor hygiene) and "death-relevant disgust" (imagined contact with dead and dying organisms). PS magnitude was assessed with a paper-pencil measure (drawing a PS bubble; Experiment 1) or with the stop-distance task (preferred distance to an approaching woman or man; Experiment 2). In both experiments, only death-related disgust predicted PS magnitude and only if the approaching person was male. The current study questions the relevance of pathogen-related disgust in children for regulating interpersonal distance.

Eye tracking in an everyday environment reveals the interpersonal distance that affords infant-parent gaze communication.

The unique morphology of human eyes enables gaze communication at various ranges of interpersonal distance. Although gaze communication contributes to infants' social development, little is known about how infant-parent distance affects infants' visual experience in daily gaze communication. The present study conducted longitudinal observations of infant-parent face-to-face interactions in the home environment as 5 infants aged from 10 to 15.5 months. Using head-mounted eye trackers worn by parents, we evaluated infants' daily visual experience of 3138 eye contact scenes recorded from the infants' second-person perspective. The results of a hierarchical Bayesian statistical analysis suggest that certain levels of interpersonal distance afforded smooth interaction with eye contact. Eye contacts were not likely to be exchanged when the infant and parent were too close or too far apart. The number of continuing eye contacts showed an inverse U-shaped pattern with interpersonal distance, regardless of whether the eye contact was initiated by the infant or the parent. However, the interpersonal distance was larger when the infant initiated the eye contact than when the parent initiated it, suggesting that interpersonal distance affects the infant's and parent's social look differently. Overall, the present study indicates that interpersonal distance modulates infant-parent gaze communication.

Contemporary understanding of zoophilia - A multinational survey study.

INTRODUCTION: People with paraphilias have sexual interests that are unusual, including inanimate objects, places, or individuals (children, corpses). This study explores zoophiles (=PSA, people who have sex with animals) recruited from the Internet. METHOD: We administered a survey of own design via the Internet on popular discussion forums targeting the communities of PSA. All responses were quantified as the percentage of agreeing with one of the possible answer choices, plus the interpretation of qualitative data that may have been supplied in additional space. RESULTS: Survey questions were thematically categorized into four groups - worldview, personal space, sex life, and online space. PSA are remarkably self-aware of their sexuality and recognize that their behavior is illegal (even though they perceive it as an expression of love); they often relate their struggles with finding social acceptance to homosexuality, believing that one way of de-stigmatizing them would be to remove zoophilia from the list of disorders listed in the DSM. Concerning sex life, PSA believe that the quality of sex with animals is much higher than with humans, and physical features, such as the presence of a fur, can be sexually arousing to PSA, especially when seeing animals in public. PSA utilize the Internet to network and connect with other PSA; these Internet-based friendships usually do not extend beyond online conversations, given that PSA tend to be mistrustful of other zoophiles particularly in the area of personal safety. CONCLUSIONS: One of the most essential basis of zoophilia is relationship seeking behavior as well as interest in forming a long-term relationship with an animal partner.

A percepção da mulher sobre os espaços para amamentar: suporte na teoria interativa de amamentação / Women's perception about space for breastfeeding: support in interactive breastfeeding theory / Percepción de las mujeres sobre los espacios para lactancia materna: apoyo en la teoría interactiva de la lactancia materna

INTRODUÇÃO: a amamentação é fortemente influenciada por diversos fatores, e a falta de um lugar privado e o constrangimento em locais público desencorajam as mulheres. OBJETIVO: avaliar a percepção da mulher sobre o espaço para amamentar. MÉTODO: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com 30 mulheres grávidas e puérperas internadas na maternidade de um hospital universitário do estado do Espírito Santo. A análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e a Teoria Interativa de Amamentação foram utilizadas para a sistematização dos dados. RESULTADOS: a maioria das mulheres relatou que iria amamentar em lugares públicos, no entanto, todas disseram que cobririam seus peitos com pano ou fralda e que se sentem mais confortáveis para amamentar em casa. As mulheres relataram sentir-se confortáveis quando estão próximas de mulheres, familiares ou amigas conhecidas, enquanto perto de homens, conhecidos ou não, sentem-se desconfortáveis e cobrem seus peitos para amamentar. E próximas de profissionais de saúde a maioria se sente confortável, já que orientam e apoiam a amamentação. CONCLUSÃO: amamentar em espaços públicos ainda causa desconforto, constrangimento e vergonha nas mulheres.(AU)

Introduction: breastfeeding is strongly influenced by many factors, and the lack of a private place and embarrassment in public places discourage women. Objective: to evaluate women's perceptions of space for breastfeeding. Method: a descriptive research with a qualitative approach developed with 30 pregnant and postpartum women admitted to the maternity ward of a university hospital in the Espírito Santo State. The content analysis proposed by Bardin and the Interactive Breastfeeding Theory were used to systematize the data. Results: most women reported that they would breastfeed in public places, but all said they would cover their breasts with cloth or diaper and feel more comfortable breastfeeding at home. Women reported feeling comfortable when they are close to known women, family or friends, while close to men, known or not, feel uncomfortable and cover their breasts for breastfeeding. And close to health professionals most feel comfortable as they guide and support breastfeeding. Conclusion: breastfeeding in public spaces still causes discomfort, embarrassment and shame in women.(AU)

Introducción: la lactancia materna está muy influenciada por varios factores. La falta de un lugar privado y la vergüenza de exponerse en lugares públicos desalientan a las mujeres. Objetivo: evaluar las percepciones de las mujeres sobre los espacios para lactancia materna. Método: investigación descriptiva de enfoque cualitativo desarrollado con 30 mujeres embarazadas y en el posparto ingresadas en la maternidad de un hospital universitario del estado de Espírito Santo. Se utilizaron el análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin y la Teoría Interactiva de la Lactancia materna para sistematizar los datos. Resultados: la mayoría de las mujeres declararon que amamantarían a sus niños en lugares públicos; todas ellas dijeron que cubrirían los senos con una tela o un pañal y que se sentirían más cómodas para amamantar en casa. Las mujeres manifestaron sentirse cómodas cuando están cerca de mujeres conocidas, familiares o amigos y que se sienten incómodas cuando están cerca de hombres, conocidos o no, y que se cubren los senos. La mayoría se siente cómoda cerca de los profesionales de la salud ya que guían y apoyan la lactancia materna. Conclusión: la lactancia materna en espacios públicos todavía causa molestias, bochorno y vergüenza a las mujeres.(AU)

Getting to grips with endoscopy - Learning endoscopic surgical skills induces bi-hemispheric plasticity of the grasping network.

Endoscopic surgery requires skilled bimanual use of complex instruments that extend the peri-personal workspace. To delineate brain structures involved in learning such surgical skills, 48 medical students without surgical experience were randomly assigned to five training sessions on a virtual-reality endoscopy simulator or to a non-training group. Brain activity was probed with functional MRI while participants performed endoscopic tasks. Repeated task performance in the scanner was sufficient to enhance task-related activity in left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (aIPS). Simulator training induced additional increases in task-related activation in right PMv and aIPS and reduced effective connectivity from left to right PMv. Skill improvement after training scaled with stronger task-related activation of the lateral left primary motor hand area (M1-HAND). The results suggest that a bilateral fronto-parietal grasping network and left M1-HAND are engaged in bimanual learning of tool-based manipulations in an extended peri-personal space.