Differences in the Ratios of General and Dental Specialists in Europe.

BACKGROUND: The European Economic Area (EEA) is composed of member states with a multitude of different regions. This study aimed to analyse the ratios of general dentists and dental specialists to the total population and the proportion of dental specialists to general dentists in 24 European countries and to explore specific intranational differences within 2 countries: France and Germany. METHODS: Available official documents and webpages from the United Kingdom and 23 of the 30 countries comprising the EEA were analysed. Data were expressed as absolute values, ratios of general dentists and dental specialists in the total of population, and percentages of dental specialists/dentists. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to clarify the main ratios that distinguish France from Germany, and cluster analysis was employed to determine similar areas. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between countries, with Ireland and Austria having the lowest ratio of dentists and Romania and Greece having the highest. The Czech Republic, the Netherlands, France, and Denmark had the lowest ratios of dental specialists to the total population. Lithuania, Sweden, and Germany had the highest number of dental specialists. Orthodontists were the most numerous specialists (5.0% of dentists), followed by oral surgeons (2.7%). In France, differences between departments were pronounced and associated with the presence of dental schools and per capita income. In Germany, only the correlation between per capita income and the density of oral surgeons was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse ratios of general dentists and dental specialists to the total population and the proportion of dental specialists to general dentists were discovered within the examined countries, and their maximum values were 2.5, 5.7, and 4.1 times the minimum values, respectively. Differences were even found within the same country, as was the case in France and, to a lesser extent, in Germany.

Evaluación de hábitos de medicación sistémica de odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia ante patologías pulpares en Argentina / Evaluation of systemic medication habits of specialists and non-specialists dentists in endodontists in relation to different pulp pathologies in Argentina

Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de medicación sistémica de odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia ante diferentes patologías pulpares previos al tratamiento en- dodóntico en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó una encuesta para evaluar la prescripción de antibióticos, tipo de antibióticos, tiempo de prescripción, indicación de antinflamatorios no es- teroides y esteroides ante diferentes patologías pulpares. Se envió a 635 odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia a través de SurveyMonkey. Por medio de la prue- ba de Chi cuadrado se evaluaron las diferencias de medica- ción entre los grupos estudiados. Resultados: En pulpitis se medicó con antibióticos en el 3,48% de los casos y con antinflamatorios en un 62,60%. En necrosis pulpar sin fístula no se indicó ninguna medica- ción en un 64,47% de los casos, seguido de antibióticos en un 24,56%. En necrosis con fístula, el 52,38% no indicó nin- guna medicación, seguido de medicación con antibióticos en un 35,49%. En periodontitis apical aguda la principal medica- ción fue con antinflamatorios (52,79%), seguido de antibió- ticos (32,87%); y en el absceso alveolar agudo, un 57,10% indicó antibióticos seguido de antinflamatorios. El antibiótico de elección fue la penicilina en un 65,23% de los casos, y en caso de alergia a la misma, el antibiótico elegido fue azitromi- cina (30,12%). El tiempo de prescripción fue de 7 días. En la comparación entre especialistas y no especialistas hubo dife- rencias estadísticamente significativas para pulpitis y necrosis con fístula (p<0,01) y no las hubo entre necrosis sin fístula, periodontitis apical aguda y absceso alveolar agudo (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: La penicilina fue el antibiótico de elec- ción de la mayoría de los odontólogos argentinos encuestados junto al ibuprofeno como anti-inflamatorio. Existiría una so- bremedicación en patologías endodónticas que podría contri- buir a la resistencia microbiana a los antibióticos (AU)

Aim: Determine the systemic medication habits of den- tists specialists and non-specialists in endodontists in differ- ent pulp pathologies prior to root canal treatment in Argen- tina. Materials and methods: A survey was designed to evaluate the prescription of antibiotics, the type of antibiotics, prescription time, indication of non-steroidal anti-inflamma- tory drugs in different pulp pathologies. It was sent to 635 general dentists and endodontic specialists via SurveyMon- key. A Chi-square test was made to evaluate the differences in medication between the studied groups. Results: In pulpitis, antibiotics were prescribed in 3.48% of cases and anti-inflammatories in 62.60%. In pul- pal necrosis without fistula, no medication was indicated in 64.47% of cases, followed by antibiotics in 24.56%. In ne- crosis with fistula, 52.38% did not indicate any medication, followed by medication with antibiotics in 35.49%. In acute apical periodontitis the main medication was anti-inflamma-tories (52.79%), followed by antibiotics (32.87%); and for acute alveolar abscess, 57.10% indicated antibiotics, fol- lowed by anti-inflammatories. The antibiotic of choice was penicillin in 65.23% of the cases, and in case of allergy to it, the chosen antibiotic was azithromycin (30.12%). The prescription time was 7 days. In the comparison between specialists and non-specialists, there were significant dif- ferences for pulpitis and necrosis with fistula (p<0.01) and there were no significant differences between necrosis without fistula, acute apical periodontitis and acute alveo- lar abscess (p>0.05). Conclusions: Penicillin was the antibiotic of choice for the majority of the surveyed Argentine dentists, as well as ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory drug. These could reflect an overmedication in endodontics pathologies that could con- tribute to microbial resistance to antibiotics (AU)

European inequalities and similarities in officially recognized dental specialties.

BACKGROUND: Although the European Economic Space usually acts in a united and organized way, several main differences are found regarding the type and number of dental specialties all around this group of member states. The aim of the study is to analyse the inequalities and similarities existing between 21 European countries, highlighting the number and types of recognized dental specialties. METHODS: Available official documents and webpages from 20 out of the 30 countries of which the European Economic Space is comprised plus the United Kingdom (UK), were analysed to obtain reliable data referred to dental specialties. Differences were tested with the Lorentz curve and Gini test. Additionally, a Cluster analysis was performed to obtain groups of countries with a similar pattern in the number and type of dental specialties. RESULTS: Up to a total of 15 different specialties are officially recognized in all the analysed countries. Orthodontics (90%) and Oral Surgery (81%) are the two most frequently recognized specialties. The total global degree of inequality of the analysed countries was 40.2%. Cluster analysis differentiated three different main groups of countries according to the number and type of dental specialties. CONCLUSIONS: The situation of dental specialties in the area of the EES plus the UK exhibits an unequal organization. Cluster analysis showed 3 main clusters of countries with a similar pattern of dental specialties.

Nível de conhecimento e risco de doping no atendimento ao atleta entre diversas especialidades Odontológicas / Level of knowledge and risk of doping in athlete care among different dental specialties

O uso de substâncias para melhorar a prática esportiva ou de trabalho, remonta a própria história, mesmo nas primeiras olimpíadas na Grécia, era tolerado o uso de remédios para melhorar o desempenho dos atletas, enquanto outros tipos de trapaça eram punidos até com a escravidão. Nossos tempos são de consumo de esportes em massa e grandes volumes financeiros como indústria de entretenimento. Tentando manter o jogo o mais justo possível, diversas entidades criaram regras cada vez mais rígidas para preservar a saúde do atleta e não deixar que haja trapaças por meio de substâncias proibidas. Tendo isso em vista, o CD (Cirurgião Dentista) precisa estar preparado para atender esse paciente a fim de não comprometer sua vida profissional no esporte e dar o melhor cuidado possível a ele. Este trabalho se propões a identificar os medicamentos mais utilizados pelos CDs, em suas várias especialidades, e identificar por meio da biotransformação as possíveis substâncias que levem ao doping.

Influência da autoavaliação para melhoria do acesso e da qualidade no quantitativo de procedimentos dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas / Influence of self-assessment for improving access and quality in the outpatient procedures in the Dental Specialties Centers

Resumo Estudou-se a influência da Autoavaliação para Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade (AMAQ) na produção de procedimentos especializados nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO). Utilizou-se dados da avaliação externa de 900 CEO do primeiro ciclo do Programa para Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade (PMAQ/CEO) e Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial (SIA/SUS). A variável dependente foi a média mensal de procedimentos (proc/mês) dos CEO entre os três períodos: 1) outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013; 2) outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2014; e 3) outubro de 2014 a setembro 2015. A principal variável independente foi o uso da AMAQ/CEO no segundo período. Tipo de CEO, média de cirurgiões-dentistas com carga-horária de 20h, estratégias contra absenteísmo, apoio matricial, protocolos clínicos e cobertura de cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde Bucal das Família foram covariáveis. Utilizou-se modelos de regressão linear múltipla para análises ajustadas. Equipes que utilizaram a AMAQ-CEO apresentaram média de 515,0 proc/mês, 575,5 proc/mês, e 519,9 proc/mês no primeiro, segundo e terceiro períodos, respectivamente. As equipes que utilizaram AMAQ-CEO tiveram uma maior média de produção do que aquelas que não utilizaram, com diferença ajustada de 32,7 proc/mês, 64,7 proc/mês e 27,7 proc/mês no primeiro, segundo e terceiro períodos, respectivamente.

Abstract We studied the influence of Self-Assessment for Improving Access and Quality (AMAQ) in the production of specialized procedures in the of Dental Specialties Centers (DSC). Data were obtained from the 900 DSC submitted to the external evaluation of the Program for Improving Access and Quality (PMAQ-CEO) and the Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS). The dependent variable was the monthly average of dental procedures (proc/mon) in the DSC performed in three periods: 1) October 2012 to September 2013; 2) October 2013 to September 2014; and 3) October 2014 to September 2015. The main independent variable was the use of AMAQ/CEO, which occurred during the second period. Type of DSC, average number of dentists with a 20-hour workload, strategies to reduce missing appointments, referral support, clinical protocols and coverage of PHC registered users were used as covariates. Multiple linear regression models were run to estimate adjusted differences. Teams that used AMAQ-CEO had a mean of 515.0 proc/mon, 575.5 proc/mon, and 519.9 proc/mon in the first, second and third periods, respectively. The DSC that used AMAQ-CEO had a higher mean than those that did not, with an adjusted difference of 32.7 proc/mon, 64.7 proc/mon and 27.7 proc/mon for the first, second and third periods, respectively.

Factors affecting dental students' postgraduate plans: A multi-site study.

PURPOSE: This multi-site study examined dental students' postgraduate plans and factors affecting them, perceptions of pathways with the best future, and whether those postgraduate plans changed during dental school. METHODS: An online survey was made available to all four dental classes (2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021) and advanced standing/international dental students at eight US dental schools. The survey questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) 14 questions pertaining to demographic information and (2) 11 questions pertaining to career path choices and possible influencing factors. RESULTS: Overall response rate was approximately 38.4% (1459/3800). For those responding 34.0% planned to enroll in a general dentistry residency, followed by associate dentist in a private practice (31.4%), and specialty residency (17.6%). Quality of life, to increase knowledge/clinical skills, and intellectual satisfaction were most often rated extremely important factors; Influence of family members in dentistry and prestigious specialty received the most responses of not important. General dentistry was perceived to have the best future in terms of overall impact on the profession, potential for positive impact on patient's quality of life, and personal quality of life; oral and maxillofacial surgery was believed to have the best future in terms of salary. Students changed their postgraduate plan during dental school 43.0% of the time, with race (p = 0.006) and year of progress toward degree (p < 0.001) being significant associations. CONCLUSIONS: General dentistry remains the most popular pathway. Many dental students change their plans during dental school; a better understanding of these trends and contributing factors may aid development of practice readiness curricula.

Clinical decision-making in complex endodontic cases between postgraduate students across dental specialties at a UK dental school: A pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment decisions for a heavily restored endodontically treated tooth vary amongst clinicians owing to multitude of factors. This phenomenon not only often poses dilemmas to clinicians of different clinical backgrounds, but also exerts a degree of treatment difficulty to the treating clinician. Previous studies indicated that specialty training and clinical experience significantly impacted clinical decision-making process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Master of Science postgraduate students in endodontics, prosthodontics, periodontics, oral surgery and implantology participated in a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The dental specialties were further categorised into restorative and surgical dentistry. A multiple-choice questionnaire with three clinical cases was distributed to the students. Data were analysed for trends using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There was a 44% response rate; the majority of respondents were from restorative dentistry specialties. Cases 1 and 2 were rated as moderate to high difficulty, and Case 3 was predominantly rated as high difficulty with procedure predictability being the main factor affecting their clinical decision-making in three cases. Endodontic retreatment was selected as the preferred treatment in Cases 1 and 2 and periradicular surgery in Case 3. The students were fairly confident in managing Cases 1 and 2, but not in Case 3. Referral patterns were consistent in Cases 1 and 2 with endodontists being the first choice of referral except for Case 3 where 48% preferred to refer to oral surgeons and 35% choosing endodontists. Some indication of differences between specialties were noted throughout. Years in practice appeared to be related to the importance of predictability in Case 3 only. CONCLUSION: Considerable inter-clinician variability was noted whereby specialty postgraduate training impacted on clinical decision-making. Overall, procedural predictability, technical difficulty, risk of damage to the tooth and patient preference were the most highly ranked factors affecting clinical decision-making. Evidence-based treatment guidelines and dental curricula should be reviewed to enhance inter-clinician agreement in clinical decision-making, ultimately improving patient care.

Pain Perception Before Endodontic Treatment: from Primary Care to Specialized Care

Abstract Objective: To analyze patients' pain perception requiring endodontic treatment referred to a Dental Specialties Center. Material and Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire for patients about their experience of pain and another for endodontists about the treatment performed. The results were analyzed descriptively using Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, with Bonferroni correction (p≤0.05). Results: The median age of the patients was 39 years, and 71.1% were female. The median waiting time for treatment was five months. Pain was reported by 75.2% of patients, occurred more than one month earlier (63.6%), with moderate/severe intensity (66.9%), and most patients sought emergency treatment more than once (79.1%). In addition, pain was associated with sex (female; p=0.008); moderate/severe intensity (p<0.001); the number of times that patient had to go to the dentist because of the tooth treatment (twice or more; p=0.002); and type of tooth treated (posterior tooth; p=0.002). Conclusion: Severe pain episodes resulted in a repeated search for emergency services, which may overload the primary care service, especially if the waiting time for endodontic treatment is long.

Effect of cone beam computed tomography voxel size and dental specialty status on the agreement of observers in the detection and measurement of periapical lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare observer agreement between endodontists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) in the detection and measurement of periapical lesions as depicted in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with 2 voxel sizes. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 256 CBCT images of maxillary molars were evaluated by 2 endodontists and 2 OMRs. Images were obtained at voxel sizes of 0.2 and 0.4 mm. Observers evaluated 64 endodontically and 64 nonendodontically treated teeth for the presence of periapical lesions using a 5-point confidence scale. Weighted κ values were calculated to determine intra- and interobserver agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess intra- and interobserver agreement in width and height measurements of the lesions. RESULTS: Intraobserver agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect, with κ values higher for the OMRs than for the endodontists. Interobserver agreement between endodontists ranged from fair to moderate at the 0.2mm voxel size and was slight at 0.4 mm. Agreement between OMRs was almost perfect at 0.2 mm and ranged from substantial to almost perfect at 0.4 mm. ICC was excellent for all observers in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Intra- and interobserver reliability was affected by voxel size and specialty. Correlation for measurements exhibited no variation.

Avaliação do conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia sobre a hipnose terapêutica / Evaluation of the knowledge of dentistry students about therapeutic hypnosis

A hipnose é conceituada como um estado modificado da consciência, mais próximo da vigília do que do sono. Configura-se como um ótimo método terapêutico auxiliar com diversos benefícios na odontologia, visto que é possível tratar o paciente no consultório empregando essa técnica junto ao tratamento em diversas especialidades odontológicas, além de que permite a dispensa do uso de medicamentos algumas vezes. Deste modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia sobre a hipnose terapêutica em tratamentos odontológicos. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado com alunos devidamente matriculados no 1º, 5º e 10º períodos dos cursos de Odontologia do Centro Universitário de João Pessoa - UNIPÊ, no Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, e no Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade Integrada de Patos - FIP. A amostra da pesquisa foi igual ao universo, sendo constituída de 257 estudantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UNIPÊ e na FIP sendo utilizado um questionário contendo questões objetivas relacionadas ao conhecimento sobre hipnose e sua aplicação. Com isso, constatou-se que os estudantes eram em sua maioria do gênero feminino (70%) com idade entre 18 e 21 anos (45,1%), não possuíam graduação (76%), não tinham conhecimento sobre as técnicas de hipnose (59%) e nem conheciam a resolução das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (CFO nº82/2008). No entanto, a maioria dos entrevistados acreditava na técnica (75%), apresentavam vontade de fazer um curso sobre hipnose (77%) e acreditavam que o odontólogo possuía capacidade para realizar tal técnica (67%). Quando perguntados sobre as aplicações da hipnose na clínica odontológica houve o predomínio do controle de medo, trauma, ansiedade e tensão (17,9%). Em relação aos principais traumas no consultório observou-se que a maioria não tinha traumas (43,7%), seguido de barulho do motorzinho (12,1%). Concluiu-se que o fato de uma grande parcela dos estudantes de odontologia não possuir conhecimento acerca da hipnose, pode refletir na necessidade de inserção do conteúdo de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares nos cursos de graduação nessas instituições, além de que existem poucos estudos na literatura com essa temática ressaltando a importância do presente estudo... (AU)

Hypnosis is conceptualized as a modified state of consciousness, closer to waking than to sleep. It is configured as a great auxiliary therapeutic method with several benefits in dentistry, since it is possible to treat the patient in the office using this technique along with treatment in various dental specialties, in addition to allowing the dispensation of the use of medications sometimes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about therapeutic hypnosis in dental treatments. It was an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out with students duly enrolled in the 1st, 5th and 10th periods of Dentistry courses at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa - UNIPÊ, in the Dentistry Course at Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, and in the Dentistry Course at Faculdade Integrada de Patos - FIP. The research sample was the same as the universe, consisting of 257 students. Data collection was carried out at the Federal University of Paraíba, UNIPÊ and at FIP, using a questionnaire containing objective questions related to knowledge about hypnosis and its application. Thus, it was found that the students were mostly female (70%) aged between 18 and 21 years old (45.1%), had no graduation (76%), had no knowledge about hypnosis techniques (59%) and did not even know the resolution of Integrative and Complementary Practices (CFO nº82 / 2008). However, most of the interviewees believed in the technique (75%), they wanted to take a course on hypnosis (77%) and believed that the dentist had the capacity to perform this technique (67%). When asked about the applications of hypnosis in the dental clinic, there was a predominance of fear, trauma, anxiety and tension control (17.9%). Regarding the main traumas in the office, it was observed that the majority had no traumas (43.7%), followed by the noise of the small engine (12.1%). It was concluded that the fact that a large portion of dentistry students do not have knowledge about hypnosis, may reflect the need to insert the content of Integrative and Complementary Practices in undergraduate courses in these institutions, in addition to the fact that few studies were literature with this theme emphasizing the importance of the present study... (AU)

Avaliação da retenção do conhecimento, do grau de confiança e dos erros de compreensão dos acadêmicos de odontologia / Evaluation of knowledge retention, degree of confidence and erros of undertanding of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar a retenção de conhecimento (RC), o grau de confiança (GC) e a identificação dos erros de aprendizado (EA) dos acadêmicos de um curso de Odontologia. Métodos: neste estudo, foram avaliados 39 alunos dos níveis finais de um curso de Odontologia, os quais responderam 40 questões retiradas de provas anteriores do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), através de uma plataforma virtual. Es-tas foram divididas em quatro áreas: Formação Geral (FG); Saúde Coletiva (SC); Clínica Odontológica (CO); e Especialidade Odontológica (EO). Resultados: analisando os resultados, observou-se que a área do saber que obteve melhor média de acertos foi a de CO (com 59,4), seguida das questões de FG (com 48,5). A área que obteve menor média de acertos foi a de SC (com 36,4). O GC foi analisado através de um questionário em que o aluno relatava se estava ou não confiante perante a questão respondida. Em relação ao erro, percebeu--se que a única área na qual os alunos erraram as questões, mas estavam confiantes, foi a de SC. Em relação ao acerto, a única área em que os alunos acertaram as questões, mas não se demonstraram confiantes para acertar, foi a de FG.Conclusão: percebe-se que, dentre as áreas avaliadas, a SC foi a que apresentou pior média de acertos. (AU)

Objective: the present study evaluated the knowledge retention, degree of confidence and identification of learning errors of dental students. Methods: 39 senior dental students (last year) responded 40 questions from previous exam from the ENADE (National Student Performance Exam) using a virtual platform. Questions were divided into four areas: General Formation (GF); Collective Health (CH); Dental Clinic (DC) and Dental Specialty (DE). Results: it was observed that the area of knowledge that obtained the best average was DC, with 59.4, following by GF questions, with 48.5. The area with the lowest average was that of CH, with 36.4. The degree of confidence was analyzed through a questionnaire, where the student reported whether or not she/he was confident about the answers. Regarding the error, it was noticed that the only area where the students answered the questions but were confident was that of CH. Regarding the hit, the only area where students got the questions right but were not confident to get it right was that of GF. Conclusion: among the evaluated areas, CH was the one with the worst average of correct answers.(AU)

Psychometry and empathy levels and its dimensions in postgraduate students of dental specialties.

BACKGROUND: Empathy is an attribute that has an important role in the dentist-patient therapeutic relationship, clinical care and adherence to treatment, amongst other benefits. The aim of this research was to determine empathy in dentists in the process of specialisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through an observational and cross-sectional study, all postgraduate students of Dentistry Faculty of Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile) were analysed (N = 195). The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy Scale was applied. RESULTS: The results show an adequate reliability of the empathy measure (α = 0.819, ω = 0.928). A three-factor structure is evidenced by confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 /df = 1.445, GFI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.047) and adequate factor invariance between men and women. Women showed greater empathy on the global scale and in the perspective adoption dimension, with no gender differences found in the dimension Compassionate care and putting oneself in the other's shoes (POOS). The median empathy reaches 120 points. Below, are placed, the specialty of oral rehabilitation (Med = 114.5), surgery (Med = 117) and periodontics (Med. = 117.5). With superior scores, temporomandibular disorder (Med. = 121), endodontics (Med. = 121), Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics Med. = 122), Implantology (Med. = 125) and Pediatric dentistry (Med. = 127.5) are located. CONCLUSION: Women were more empathetic than men. In general, empathy levels are relatively high, but the common feature in which all students examined in different specialties have low levels in dimension POOS.

Organização de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas numa Região de Saúde na Bahia / Organization of Dental Specialty Centers in a Health Region in Bahia, Brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa a organização dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) numa região de saúde e discute o percurso de implantação dos CEOs na Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, abarcando gestores diretamente envolvidos com as políticas de saúde bucal em âmbitos estadual, regional e municipal. Além disso, a análise documental foi utilizada para complementar e estabelecer interconexão com os dados produzidos nas entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo temática orientou a interpretação dos resultados. Grande parte da população baiana permanece descoberta de serviços públicos especializados para saúde bucal, sem expectativas de implantação de novos CEOs tanto na perspectiva municipal, quanto na lógica regional. Houve dificuldade de conformar uma cooperação intermunicipal na região para ações compartilhadas em saúde bucal, assim como a agenda do governo estadual não fomentou arranjos de CEO regionais. Dessa forma, existe uma fragmentação da assistência, sem garantias na continuidade do cuidado em saúde bucal e, por conseguinte, o arrefecimento da capacidade resolutiva dos sistemas locais de saúde.

Abstract This article analyzes the organization of the Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) in a health region and discusses the implementation of the CEO's in Bahia. This is a case study with a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and with managers dealing directly with oral health policies at the state, regional and municipal level. In addition, the documentary analysis was used to complement and establish interconnection with the data produced in the interviews. Thematic content analysis guided the interpretation of results. Much of the Bahia's population remains without receiving the specialized public services of oral health, without expectations of the implementation of new CEOs both in the municipal and in the regional levels. There was difficulty in implementing an intermunicipal cooperation in the region for shared actions in oral health. In addition, the state Government's agenda did not foster regional CEO arrangements. Thus, there is a fragmentation of care, without guarantees in the continuity of oral health care and, as a result, the decrease in the resolution capacity of local health systems.

Centros de especialidades odontológicas: organização da oferta e utilização em um município do nordeste brasileiro / Dental speacialties centers: provision and use in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality / Centros de especialidades odontológicas: organización de la oferta y uso en un municipio del nordeste brasileño

O funcionamento das organizações de forma fragmentada tem interferido na resolutividade do cuidado. Por isso, como estratégia da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal para garantia da atenção secundária em saúde estão os Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO). Este estudo, de caráter exploratório transversal retrospectivo e abordagem quantitativa, objetivou analisar a organização dos serviços de atenção secundária em saúde bucal em um município do Nordeste brasileiro. Para tal, apoiou-se no fluxo de usuários e utilização desse nível de atenção e buscou o número de especialistas e usuários atendidos no ano de 2017 nos seis CEO existentes no território. Quanto à utilização dos serviços prestados pelos CEO, foi considerada a produção referente ao ano de 2017, disponível no Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais (SIA). A pesquisa constatou que a oferta de atendimento disponibilizada foi menor do que a potencial nos seis CEO estudados. Identificou-se a falta de parâmetros de vinculação para referência de usuários aos CEO por meio da representação do fluxo de usuários em um mapa.

The fragmented functioning of organizations has interfered with the resoluteness of care. Hence, the National Dental Health Policy points to Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) as a strategy to ensure secondary health care. This retrospective cross-sectional exploratory study with a quantitative approach sought to analyze the organization of secondary oral health care services in a northeastern Brazilian municipality. To this end, it observed the flow of users and utilization of this level of care, looking at the number of specialists and users treated in 2017 in the six CEOs in the territory. As for the use of the services provided by the CEOs, the production for the year 2017, available in the Outpatient Information System (SIA), was considered. Results show that the service provided was lower than the potential in the six CEOs studied. The lack of linkage parameters for referral to the CEO was identified by representing the flow of users on a map.

El funcionamiento de las organizaciones de manera fragmentada ha interferido en la resolución de la atención. Frente a esto, una estrategia de la Política Nacional de Salud Dental para asegurar la atención médica secundaria son los Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO). Este estudio retrospectivo exploratorio, de enfoque cuantitativo, tuvo como objetivo analizar la organización de los servicios de atención secundaria de la salud bucal en un municipio del Nordeste de Brasil. Para ello, se basó en el flujo de usuarios y el uso de este nivel de atención, además de buscar el número de especialistas y usuarios atendidos a lo largo del 2017 en seis CEO existentes allí. En cuanto al uso de los servicios prestados por los CEO, se tuvo en cuenta la producción para el 2017, disponible en el Sistema de Información para Pacientes Ambulatorios (SIA). Se encontró que la oferta de servicios disponibles fue menor que la de potencial de los seis CEO estudiados. Hubo falta de parámetros para la referencia de los usuarios al CEO mediante la representación del flujo de usuarios en un mapa.

The case for tying specialty status to completion of dental residency: Dental education's stake.

BACKGROUND: The American Dental Association's (ADA) specialty recognition process has long been the gold standard in dentistry. Specialty advertising regulations have been challenged as inconsistent with commercial speech rights of dentists wishing to advertise as specialists in areas not recognized as ADA specialties. Commission of Dental Accreditation-approved postdoctoral education exists to support this process using standard-based education, continuous quality review and accountability. PURPOSE: In 2017, a federal court declared Texas dental specialty advertising rules unconstitutional noting the state did not present evidence demonstrating the public was being misled. A state dental association commissioned a professional survey to assess state residents' understanding of the term "specialist" in dental advertising. METHODS: Telephone interviews conducted with 812, 18+-year-old Ohio residents focused on advertising related to dental implants and TMJ disorders (not recognized specialties) and orthodontics and oral surgery (recognized specialties). RESULTS: Respondents indicated they would be inclined to think a dentist who advertised as a specialist had completed an accredited dental residency program and was more qualified to perform specialty care than a general dentist. Respondents also indicated that they would be less likely to choose a dentist who advertised as a specialist who did not have accredited residency training. CONCLUSIONS: Tying specialty status to completion of a residency program accredited by an agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education is important to the public's expectations and has implications for dental education.

Implementação dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas no contexto da regionalização da saúde no estado do Ceará, Brasil / Implementation of Dental Specialty Centers in the context of health regionalization in the state of Ceara, Brazil

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação regional dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) no estado do Ceará. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa baseada em estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 informantes-chave da gestão e da academia, complementadas por análise documental e observação não participante, no ano de 2018. A análise de conteúdo considerou o processo de regionalização e a trajetória da política de saúde bucal no estado. Observaram-se forte indução e liderança da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, que permitiram a inserção da saúde bucal no processo de regionalização da atenção à saúde. Houve implantação em larga escala de CEO Regionais, em contraposição à diretriz municipalista induzida pela política federal. Ressaltam-se como fatores facilitadores: a expertise dos atores estaduais envolvidos na condução da política, a antecipação da política estadual de saúde bucal às diretrizes nacionais e a implantação dos Consórcios Públicos de Saúde responsáveis pela organização e oferta dos serviços especializados nas regiões de saúde. A experiência do Ceará sugere a importância do enfoque regional para fortalecimento e consolidação do acesso integral à saúde bucal no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract The study aims to analyze the regional implementation of the Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) in the state of Ceara, Brazil. It is an evaluative research based on a case study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 key informants from management and academia, complemented by document analysis and non-participant observation, in 2018. The content analysis considered the regionalization process and the trajectory of oral health policy in the state. There was a strong induction and leadership of the State Department of Health, which allowed the insertion of oral health in the process of regionalization of health care. There was a large-scale implementation of Regional CEOs, as opposed to the municipalist guideline induced by federal policy. The following stand out as facilitating factors: the expertise of the state actors involved in conducting the policy, the anticipation of the state oral health policy to national guidelines and the implementation of the Public Health Consortia responsible for organizing and offering specialized services in health regions. The experience of Ceara suggests the importance of the regional approach for strengthening and consolidating full access to oral health within the scope of the Unified Health System.

Percepción docente sobre los criterios de producción científica para la acreditación de especialidades odontológicas / Professors perception about scientific production criteria for accrediting dental specialties

Introducción: Para 2025 todos los programas de especialidades odontológicas chilenas deberán estar acreditados para permitir a los egresados inscribir su título y desempeñarse laboralmente. En tal sentido, los docentes fueron evaluados con respecto a su nivel de producción académica. Esto significó un esfuerzo relevante para cumplir con los criterios de acreditación actuales. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de los docentes de los programas de especialización de facultades de odontología de Santiago de Chile acerca de los actuales requerimientos de producción académica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo exploratorio, mediante entrevista activa con guión flexible, en 18 docentes de especialidades odontológicas de universidades representativas de la realidad nacional. Los datos fueron procesados mediante software cualitativo y se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido descriptivo. Resultados: Se identificaron las principales narrativas de la percepción de los docentes sobre la valoración de los distintos indicadores de producción y los factores que modificaban su cumplimiento. Los indicadores más relevantes para los docentes fueron los relacionados con la experiencia clínica y docente, con énfasis en el carácter clínico y práctico de sus programas. El principal obstáculo para el cumplimiento de la producción académica resultó la falta de tiempo protegido para la investigación científica. Conclusiones: Los docentes percibieron dificultades para cumplir con los actuales requerimientos de producción académica, principalmente debido a la ausencia de tiempo protegido para la investigación científica. Si bien existieron mecanismos de apoyo a nivel institucional, aún se necesitan más herramientas que protejan el horario de trabajo académico y potencien el desempeño investigativo(AU)

Introduction: By 2025, all Chilean dental specialties programs must be accredited, so that this allows graduates to register their degree and work professionally. In this respect, professors were evaluated based on their level of academic production. This was a significant effort to meet the current accreditation criteria. Objective: To identify the perception that professors of specialty programs at dental schools in Santiago de Chile possess about the current requirements of academic production. Methods: An exploratory and qualitative study was carried out by means of conducting an active interview with a flexible questionnaire on 18 professors of dental specialties from universities representative of the national reality. The data were processed using a qualitative software, and descriptive content analysis was carried out. Results: The main aspects of the professors' perception about the assessment of the different production indicators and the factors that modified their compliance were identified. The most relevant indicators for professors were those related to clinical and teaching experience, with an emphasis on the clinical and practical nature of their programs. The main obstacle to the fulfillment of academic production was the lack of protected time for scientific research. Conclusions: The professors perceived difficulties in meeting current academic production requirements, mainly due to the absence of protected time for scientific research. Although support mechanisms existed at the institutional level, more tools are still needed to protect academic working hours and enhance research performance(AU)

Fatores associados à insatisfação dos usuários dos centros de especialidades odontológicas do Brasil em 2014: estudo transversal / Factores asociados con la insatisfacción de usuarios de los centros de especialidades odontológicas brasileños en 2014: estudio transversal / Factors related to the dissatisfaction of users of specialized dental care centers in Brazil in 2014: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados à insatisfação dos usuários dos centros de especialidades odontológicas (CEOs) do Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal, com dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade dos CEOs; realizado em 2014, o estudo incluiu amostra não probabilística de usuários; foram classificados como insatisfeitos aqueles que responderam ser o atendimento por eles recebido regular, ruim ou muito ruim. Resultados: foram incluídos 8.730 usuários, dos quais 4,8% relataram insatisfação; maior tempo de deslocamento até o serviço (OR=1,38 - IC95% 1,10;1,74) e maior tempo de espera (OR=1,37 - IC95% 1,07;1,75) associaram-se positivamente à insatisfação; encontrou-se associação negativa com o acolhimento (OR=0,12 - IC95% 0,09;0,16), a possibilidade de tirar dúvidas (OR=0,37 IC95% 0,24;0,58) e o recebimento de orientações (OR=0,33 - IC95% 0,25;0,44). Conclusão: a insatisfação dos usuários teve baixa prevalência e foi associada a fatores relativos à organização dos serviços e ao recebimento de informação e apoio.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores asociados con la insatisfacción de los usuarios de los centros de especialidades dentales (CEO) de Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal con datos del Programa de Mejoramiento de Acceso y Calidad de los Centros de Especialidad Dental de 2014, que incluyó una muestra no probabilística de usuarios; los que respondieron que el servicio recibido era regular, malo o muy malo fueron clasificados como insatisfechos. Resultados: se incluyeron 8.730 usuarios, 4,8% reportaron insatisfacción; mayor tiempo de viaje (OR=1,38 - IC95% 1,10;1,74) y espera (OR=1,37 - IC95% 1,07;1,75) se asociaron positivamente con la insatisfacción; hubo asociación negativa con la recepción (OR=0,12 - IC95% 0,09;0,16), la posibilidad de despejar dudas (OR=0,37 - IC95% 0,24;0,58) y recibir orientación (OR=0,33 - IC95% 0,25;0,44). Conclusión: la prevalencia de insatisfacción fue baja y se asoció con factores relacionados con la organización de los servicios y la recepción de información y apoyo.

Objective: to evaluate factors related to the dissatisfaction of users of the specialized dental care centers (CEO) in Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with data from the Dental Specialty Center Access and Quality Improvement Program; the study was conducted in 2014 and included a non-probabilistic sample of users; those who answered that the service received was regular, poor or very poor were classified as dissatisfied. Results: a total of 8,730 users were included, 4.8% reported dissatisfaction; longer time taken to get to the service (OR=1.38 - 95%CI1.10;1.74), and longer waiting time until treatment (OR=1.37 - 95%CI1.07;1.75), were positively associated with dissatisfaction, whereas negative association was found with attention received (OR=0.12 - 95%CI0.09;0.16), the possibility of asking questions about treatment (OR=0.37 - 95%CI0.24;0.58), and receiving advice during treatment (OR=0.33 - 95%CI0.25;0.44). Conclusion: prevalence of user dissatisfaction was low and was associated with factors related to service organization and receipt of information and support.