Human radiation for medicine, spiritism and hypnosis in Argentina: scientific controversies around vital radiations (1880-1930).

In the mid-nineteenth century, magnetic theories penetrated other recognized medical practices in Argentina in order to rationalize their procedures, in a culture that accepted and validated magnetism as a positive science. At the start of the twentieth century, mesmerists created a society, published books and journals, and carried out a large welfare programme; there were public lectures, and magnetic treatment for spiritualists and the general public, emphasizing the therapeutic properties of mesmerism. Magnetologists/mesmerists measured vital radiation and built devices using sensitive objects as 'physical' evidence of it. There was an interest in acquiring and using artefacts to measure human radiation useful in medicine. Magnetic practices survived until the end of the 1920s, when they lost importance.

Efeitos do tratamento espiritual na saúde física e mental de frequentadores de centros espíritas: estudo longitudinal controlado / Effects of spiritual treatment on the physical and mental health of attendees at spiritist centers: a controlled longitudinal study

Os elevados índices de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e outras condições de saúde mental têm preocupado as autoridades de saúde devido ao seu crescimento vertiginoso na contemporaneidade. Diante disso, é mister planejar estratégias de enfrentamento e ações de prevenção e de promoção da saúde. A Organização Mundial de Saúde tem sugerido a abrangência do olhar para as possibilidades de interlocução entre profissionais e serviços de saúde com outras fontes de cuidado que a população pode estar inserida, como as instituições religiosas. O espiritismo, terceira maior religião brasileira em número de adeptos, desde sua gênese, possui uma estreita relação com os processos de saúde-doença-cuidado, bem como com os itinerários e recursos de cura. Embora a literatura científica reconheça a importância da dimensão da religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) nos desfechos em saúde, ainda são pouco estudados os processos de tratamento espiritual (TE) desenvolvidos no espiritismo. Diante disso, o objetivo geral desta Tese foi analisar os efeitos de tratamentos espirituais na saúde mental de frequentadores de centros espíritas. Para responder esse e outros objetivos específicos, a Tese foi composta por quatro estudos independentes: o Estudo 1 buscou conhecer a frequência e o perfil de frequentadores do TE; o Estudo 2, a partir de uma revisão de escopo, reuniu as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre o passe espírita; o Estudo 3, de caráter misto, buscou conhecer os motivos pela busca do TE e avaliar seus efeitos em 51 frequentadores que compuseram o grupo estudo em comparação com 49 pessoas no grupo controle; e, por fim, o Estudo 4 visou conhecer as possibilidades terapêuticas oferecidas às pessoas que procuram por TE na região centro-oeste brasileira. A revisão de literatura (Estudo 2), evidenciou que o passe espírita parece ter efeitos positivos sobre a saúde dos indivíduos, sendo que os estudos instigam a expansão desse campo de pesquisa. Os Estudos 1 e 3, de caráter empírico, ocorreram em dois centros espíritas da cidade de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os resultados do Estudo 1 revelaram que mais mulheres procuram o TE. Os efeitos positivos do TE, no Estudo 3, deram-se nos construtos bem-estar psicológico, estresse, depressão e religiosidade não organizacional. Os motivos citados para a busca do TE (Estudo 3) foram muito variados, envolvendo problemas de saúde física, mental e espiritual. Os desfechos positivos também foram mencionados pelos participantes nos dados qualitativos, além da prática de um itinerário terapêutico concomitante entre tratamentos biomédicos e espirituais. Por fim, o Estudo 4 corroborou os resultados do Estudo 3, demonstrando a variedade de terapias utilizadas nos centros espíritas com as pessoas que procuram por assistência, além da preocupação, nesses ambientes, que os TE ocorram em consonância com os ofertados pelos equipamentos formais de saúde. O fato do TE pesquisado ser padronizado e descrito na literatura espírita pode contribuir para a construção de evidências mais sólidas no campo da R/E e saúde. Entretanto, sugere-se que estudos vindouros devam ser realizados com amostras maiores e mais homogêneas.

The high rates of stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions have raised concerns among health authorities due to their rapid growth in contemporary times. In light of this, it is essential to plan coping strategies and health promotion and prevention actions. The World Health Organization has suggested the importance of considering the possibility of collaboration between healthcare professionals and services with other sources of care that the population may be involved in, such as religious institutions. Spiritism, the third-largest religion in Brazil in terms of followers, has maintained a close relationship with the processes of health-disease-care, as well as with healing pathways and resources since its inception. While scientific literature recognizes the importance of the dimension of religiosity/spirituality (R/S) in health outcomes, the processes of spiritual treatment (ST) developed within Spiritism have been little studied. Therefore, the general objective of the Thesis was to analyze the effects of spiritual treatments on the mental health of attendees at Spiritist centers. To address this and other specific objectives, the Thesis was composed of four independent studies: Study 1 aimed to understand the frequency and profile of ST attendees; Study 2, through a scoping review, gathered available scientific evidence on spiritual passes; Study 3, of a mixed nature, aimed to understand the reasons for seeking ST and evaluate its effects on 51 attendees who formed the study group compared to 49 individuals in the control group; and finally, Study 4 aimed to understand the therapeutic possibilities offered to people seeking ST in the central-western region of Brazil. The literature review (Study 2) showed that spiritual passes appear to have positive effects on individuals' health, and the studies encourage the expansion of this research field. Studies 1 and 3, empirical in nature, took place in two Spiritist centers in the city of Cuiabá, MT. The results of Study 1 revealed that more women seek ST. The positive effects of ST, in Study 3, were observed in the constructs of psychological well-being, reduced stress, improved depression, and non-organizational religiosity. The reasons cited for seeking ST (Study 3) were quite varied, involving physical, mental, and spiritual health issues. Positive outcomes were also mentioned by participants in the qualitative data, as well as the practice of a concomitant therapeutic path between biomedical and spiritual treatments. Finally, Study 4 corroborated the results of Study 3, demonstrating the variety of therapies used in Spiritist centers by people seeking assistance, as well as the concern in these environments that ST is provided in accordance with the offerings of formal healthcare facilities. The fact that the researched ST is standardized and described in Spiritist literature can contribute to the construction of stronger evidence in the field of R/S and health. However, it is suggested that future studies should be conducted with larger and more homogeneous samples.

O cuidado em saúde promovido pelas religiões afro-brasileiras / Health care promoted by afro-brazilian religions / El cuidado en salud promovido por las religiones afrobrasileñas

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)

In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)

A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)

A relação entre arte e vida em vigotski: uma análise conceitual / The relationship between art and life in vygotsky: a conceptual analysis / La relación entre arte y vida en vigotski: un análisis conceptual

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre arte e vida segundo Vigotski. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise conceitual dos capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 e 11 da Psicologia da Arte, do capítulo 13 da Psicologia Pedagógica e do texto O significado histórico da crise da Psicologia: Uma investigação metodológica. A pesquisa conceitual consiste na análise semântica dos principais conceitos de uma teoria com o intuito de elucidar seus sentidos ocultos ou confusos e desvendar possíveis contradições e ambiguidades no quadro teórico. Podemos observar que a arte é um fenômeno dialético tanto em sua criação como em seus efeitos. A influência da vida, isto é, da realidade sócio-histórica, na criação artística é indireta, pois ela é sempre mediada pelo psiquismo particular do artista. Já o efeito da arte sobre a vida possibilita que o ser humano se conscientize de sua realidade social e se engaje para mudá-la. A arte é, portanto, transformadora, pois reorganiza o psiquismo e possibilita uma mudança nas condições materiais dos seres humanos.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between art and life according to Vygotsky. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of chapters 1, 7, 9, 10, and 11 of Psychology of Art, chapter 13 of Educational Psychology and the text The Historical meaning of the Crisis of Psychology: A Methodological Investigation was carried out. Conceptual research consists of the semantic analysis of the main concepts of a theory to elucidate its hidden or confused meanings and to reveal possible contradictions and ambiguities in the theoretical framework. Results show that art is a dialectical phenomenon both in its creation and its effects. The influence of life, that is, of socio-historical reality, on artistic creation is indirect since it is always mediated by the artist's particular psyche. The effect of art on life, on the other hand, allows human beings to become aware of their social reality and engage to change it. Art is, therefore, transformative, as it reorganizes the psyche and enables a change in the material conditions of human beings.(AU)

Este proyecto tuve como objetivo analizar la relación entre el arte y la vida, según Vigotski. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis de los capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 y 11 de Psicología del arte, del capítulo 13 de Psicología Pedagógica y del texto Él significado histórico de la crisis de la Psicología: una investigación metodológica. La pesquisa conceptual consiste en la analice semántica de los conceptos de una teoría, para aclarar sus significados ocultos o confusos y desvendar contradicciones y ambigüedades em el cuadro teórico. Pudimos observar que, el arte es un fenómeno dialéctico en su creación tanto como en sus efectos. La influencia de la vida, esto es, de la realidad socio-histórica, en la creación artística es indirecta, pues es mediada por el psiquismo particular de lo artista. Así, el efecto del arte sobre la vida habilita que lo ser humano adquiera conciencia de su realidad social y que se comprometa a cambiarla. El arte, consiguientemente, transformadora, pues reorganiza lo psiquismo y habilita un cambio en las condiciones materiales de los seres humanos.(AU)

O curandeiro charlatão e o messias de Campos: o caso do Professor Mozart, 1924-1939 / Charlatan healer and messiah from Campos: the case of Professor Mozart, 1924-1939

Resumo Em 1924, um personagem despontou na imprensa brasileira: o "Professor Mozart". Seu nome era Mozart Dias Teixeira e, durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930, ele praticou curas em diversas cidades do país, provocando controvérsias entre setores da sociedade. O artigo analisa o caso, dividindo-se em três eixos: introduz o personagem e o debate sobre os seus métodos de cura, mostra como as polêmicas inspiraram produções artísticas que transitaram no seio da população e, por fim, discute a questão do charlatanismo e o problema da liberdade profissional e de culto. O estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à historiografia do espiritismo, do ocultismo e das ciências psíquicas no Brasil.

Abstract In 1924, a new figure appeared on the pages of Brazilian newspapers: "Professor Mozart." In the 1920s and 1930s, Mozart Dias Teixeira practiced healing in several Brazilian cities, sparking controversy among certain segments of society. A threefold analysis of the case is presented: describing the man himself and the debate surrounding his healing methods; showing how the controversies inspired the production and circulation of art among the population; and discussing the issues of charlatanism and professional and religious freedom. The study intends to contribute to the historiography on spiritism, occultism, and psychic sciences in Brazil.

Experiências mediúnicas e dissociativas em Fernando Pessoa e C. G. Jung à luz da psicologia analítica e da psicologia anomalística / Mediumistic and dissociative experiences in Fernando Pessoa and C. G. Jung in light of analytical psychology and anomalistic psychology / Expériences médiumniques et dissociatives chez Fernando Pessoa et C. G. Jung à la lumière de la psychologie analytique et de la psychologie anomalistique / Experiencias mediúmnicas y disociativas en Fernando Pessoa y C. G. Jung a la luz de la psicología analítica y de la psicología anómala

Resumo O poeta Fernando Pessoa e o psiquiatra C. G. Jung desenvolveram suas obras em consonância com suas biografias. Ambos descreveram episódios que podem ser interpretados como mediúnicos, buscando, também, compreendê-los psicologicamente. Na literatura psicológica atual, a mediunidade pode ser entendida por meio do conceito de dissociação da personalidade. Dessa maneira, este artigo buscou examinar as relações entre dissociação e mediunidade a partir de episódios biográficos de Pessoa e de Jung, à luz da psicologia analítica e da psicologia anomalística. Hipotetiza-se que eles vivenciaram experiências dissociativas criativas e não patológicas, embora algum nível de sofrimento estivesse envolvido. Em Pessoa, as experiências dissociativas são relacionadas com sua produção hetoronímica, enquanto em Jung e suas investigações, com o desenvolvimento de seu modelo psicológico, que oferece elementos para um estudo psicobiográfico e artístico do poeta.

Abstract Poet Fernando Pessoa and psychiatrist C. G. Jung developed their works consonant with their biographies. Both described episodes that can be interpreted as mediumistic, seeking to understand them psychologically. In current psychological literature, mediumship is associated to the concept of personality dissociation. In this regard, this article examines the relationship between dissociation and mediumship based on Pessoa's and Jung's biographical episodes, in light of analytical psychology and anomalistic psychology. It is hypothesized that they experienced creative, non-pathological dissociations, although some level of suffering was involved. Pessoa's experiences are related to his hetoronymic production, whereas Jung's are tied with the development of his psychological model, which offers elements for a psychobiographical and artistic study of the poet.

Resumé Le poète Fernando Pessoa et le psychiatre C. G. Jung ont développé leurs œuvres en accord avec leurs biographies. Tous deux ont décrit des épisodes qui peuvent être interprétés comme médiumniques, en cherchant à les comprendre psychologiquement. Dans la littérature psychologique actuelle, la médiumnité est associée au concept de dissociation de la personnalité. À cet égard, cet article examine la relation entre dissociation et médiumnité à partir des épisodes biographiques de Pessoa et de Jung, à la lumière de la psychologie analytique et de la psychologie anomalistique. L'hypothèse est qu'ils ont fait l'expérience de dissociations créatives et non pathologiques, bien qu'un certain niveau de souffrance y ait été impliqué. Chez Pessoa, ces expériences sont liées à sa production hétéronymique, tandis que chez Jung, elles sont liées au développement de son modèle psychologique, ce qui offre des éléments pour une étude psychobiographique et artistic du poète.

Resumen El poeta Fernando Pessoa y el psiquiatra C. G. Jung desarrollaron sus obras en consonancia con sus biografías. Ambos describieron episodios que pueden interpretarse como mediúmnicos, también buscando comprenderlos psicológicamente. En la literatura de la psicología actual, la mediumnidad puede entenderse bajo el concepto de disociación de la personalidad. Así, este artículo buscó examinar la relación entre disociación y mediumnidad a partir de los episodios biográficos de Pessoa y Jung, a la luz de la psicología analítica y la psicología anomalística. La hipótesis supone que estos autores tuvieron experiencias disociativas creativas y no patológicas, aunque estas involucraron cierto nivel de sufrimiento. En Pessoa, las experiencias se relacionan con su producción de la heteronimia; y en Jung, con el desarrollo de su modelo psicológico, que ofrece elementos para un estudio psicobiográfico y artístico del poeta.

Diálogos entre C. G. Jung e William James: as pesquisas psíquicas / Diálogos entre C. G. Jung e William James: las investigaciones psíquicas / Dialogues between C. G. Jung e William James: the psychical researches

RESUMO. C. G. Jung e William James compartilhavam uma série de interesses de pesquisa. Por ocasião da Conferência realizada na Universidade de Clark, no ano de 1909, os dois autores tiveram a oportunidade de se encontrar e conversar. Os debates abordaram temas que não estavam na pauta da conferência, especialmente pesquisas psíquicas, também chamadas modernamente de experiências anomalísticas ou relacionadas à 'psi'. Desde seu período como estudante de medicina, Jung se interessou pelos fenômenos anômalos da consciência, tendo pesquisado os principais autores associados ao espiritualismo dos séculos XVIII e XIX. William James foi pesquisador reconhecido dos chamados fenômenos psíquicos, tendo participado de sociedades como a Society for Psychical Research e a American Society for Psychical Research. Através de seus estudos, James e Jung buscavam contribuir para a psicologia dinâmica, também chamada de psicologia profunda. O objetivo deste artigo foi ampliar os diálogos estabelecidos na universidade de Clark, resgatando informações importantes acerca da teoria dos dois autores.

RESUMEN. C. G. Jung y William James compartían una serie de intereses de investigación. En la conferencia celebrada en la Universidad de Clark, en 1909, los dos autores tuvieron la oportunidad de encontrarse y conversar. Los debates se centraron en temas que no estaban en la agenda de la conferencia, especialmente en la investigación psíquica, también llamada en la actualidad experiencia anomalística o relacionada con la psi. Jung de su tiempo como estudiante de medicina se interesó por fenómenos anómalos de conciencia, después de habiendo investigado los autores principales asociados con el espiritualismo de los siglos XVIII y XIX. William James era conocido investigador de los llamados fenómenos psíquicos, y participó en las sociedades como la Society for Psychical Research y la American Society for Psychical Research. James y Jung a través de sus estudios trataron de contribuir a la psicología dinámica, también llamada psicología profunda. El propósito de este artículo es ampliar el diálogo establecido en la Universidad de Clark, rescatando la información importante acerca de la teoría de los dos autores.

ABSTRACT. C.G. Jung and William James shared several research interests. At the conference held at Clark University in 1909, the two authors could meet and talk. The debates were especially on topics regarding psychical research, contemporarily also called anomalistic or psi-related experiences, which were not considered on the conference schedule. Since his period as a medical student, Jung has been interested in anomalous phenomena of consciousness, having researched the prominent authors associated with the spiritualism of the 18th and 19th centuries. William James was a recognized researcher of the so-called psychic phenomena, participating in societies such as Society for Psychical Research and the American Society for Psychical Research. Through their studies, James and Jung aspired to contribute to dynamic psychology, also called depth psychology. This article aimed to broaden the dialogues established at Clark University, rescuing important information about the theory of the two authors.

Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Professional Self-concept among Iranian Nurses / Relación entre la inteligencia espiritual y el autoconcepto profesional entre las enfermeras iraníes / Relação entre inteligência espiritual e autoconceito profissional entre enfermeiras iranianas

Objective. To determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and professional self-concept (PSC) among Iranian nurses. Methods. This is a correlation study. A convenience sampling method was used and 344 nurses were selected from hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Data collection standard tools included two validated scales: Cowin's Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (36 items scored ranged from 1 to 8; Maximum score=288; 6 subcategories: General Nurse Self-Concept, Knowledge, Care, Communication, Staff Relation and Leadership) and Abdollahzadeh's SI Questionnaire (29 items scored ranged from 0 to 5; Maximum score=145; 2 subcategories: Relying on the inner core and Understanding and communicating with the origin of the universe. Results. The mean total score of PSC was 220.3±30.61 and 120.67±16.13 for SI. There was a significant statistical correlation between PSC (r=0.348, p<0.0001) and almost all subcategories and SI. The results of the regression analysis showed that SI predicts 13.3% of the variance of PSC (p<0.0001). Conclusion. Considering the correlation of SI and PSC among Iranian nurses, it is suggested that strategies be used to train and promote the SI of nurses.

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la inteligencia espiritual y el autoconcepto profesional entre las enfermeras iraníes. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio correlacional. Se utilizó un método de muestreo por conveniencia y se seleccionaron 344 enfermeras de los hospitales de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Jahrom. Los instrumentos de recolección de los datos incluían dos escalas validadas: Cuestionario de autoconcepto de la enfermera de Cowin (36 ítems con puntuaciones que van de 1 a 8; puntuación máxima=288; 6 subcategorías: Autoconcepto enfermero general, Conocimiento, Cuidados, Comunicación, Relación con el personal y Liderazgo) y el Cuestionario de Inteligencia Espiritual de Abdollahzadeh (29 ítems puntuados de 0 a 5; Puntuación máxima=145; 2 subcategorías: Apoyarse en el núcleo interno y Comprender y comunicarse con el origen del universo). Resultados. La puntuación total media del Autoconcepto Profesional fue de 220.3±30.61 y de 120.67±16.13 para Inteligencia Espiritual. Hubo una correlación estadística significativa entre el puntaje total de la escala Autoconcepto Professional (r=0.348, p<0.0001) y de casi todas sus subcategorías, con la Inteligencia Espiritual. Los resultados del análisis de regresión mostraron que la Inteligencia Espiritual predice el 13.3% de la varianza del autoconcepto profesional (p<0.0001). Conclusión. Existe correlación entre la Inteligencia Espiritual y el Autoconcepto Profesional entre las enfermeras iraníes. En este sentido, se sugiere que se utilicen estrategias para formar y promover la Inteligencia Espiritual de las enfermeras.

Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre inteligência espiritual e autoconceito profissional entre enfermeiras iranianas. Métodos. Este é um estudo correlacional. Um método de amostragem de conveniência foi usado e 344 enfermeiras foram selecionadas dos hospitais da Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados incluíram duas escalas validadas: Questionário de autoconceito do enfermeiro de Cowin (36 itens com pontuação variando de 1 a 8; pontuação máxima = 288; 6 subcategorias: Autoconceito geral de enfermagem, Conhecimento, Cuidado, Comunicação, Relacionamento com a equipe e Liderança) e o Questionário de Inteligência Espiritual de Abdollahzadeh (29 itens pontuados de 0 a 5; Pontuação máxima = 145; 2 subcategorias: Baseando-se no núcleo interno e entendendo e se comunicando com a origem do universo. Resultados. A pontuação total média para o profissional do autoconceito foi de 220.3 ± 30.61 e 120.67 ± 16.13 para Inteligência Espiritual, houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre a pontuação total da escala de Autoconceito Profissional (r = 0.348, p <0.0001) e quase todas as suas subcategorias, com Inteligência Espiritual. Os resultados da análise de regressão mostraram que a Inteligência Espiritual prediz 13.3% da variância do autoconceito ou profissional (p <0.0001). Conclusão. Existe uma correlação entre Inteligência Espiritual e Autoconceito Profissional entre os enfermeiros iranianos,

Professor Faustino Esposel: Neurology, football and spiritualism / Professor Faustino Esposel: Neurologia, futebol e espiritismo

ABSTRACT Faustino Monteiro Esposel was a renowned neurologist from Rio de Janeiro, born on October 24, 1888. Together with his mentor, Professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima - the founder of modern Brazilian Neurology -, Professor Esposel described one of the rival signs of the Babinski sign, known as the Austregésilo-Esposel sign, in a study published in the renowned journal L'Encéphale in 1912. This article aims to summarize the life story of this illustrious neurologist as well as to highlight his achievements "beyond medicine".

RESUMO Faustino Monteiro Esposel foi um renomado neurologista do Rio de Janeiro, nascido em 24 de outubro de 1888. Junto de seu mentor, o Professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima, considerado o pai da Neurologia brasileira moderna, descreveu um dos sinais sucedâneos do sinal de Babinski, conhecido como sinal de Austregésilo-Esposel, publicado no renomado periódico L'Encéphale em 1912. Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer a história deste ilustre neurologista, destacando também seus feitos "além da medicina".

Mediunidade e desenvolvimento humano: uma investigação com médiuns espíritas de Uberaba-MG, Brasil / Mediumship and human development: an investigation with spiritist mediums from Uberaba-MG, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre os processos de desenvolvimento humano de pessoas que atuam como médiuns em comunidades espíritas na cidade de Uberaba, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para tanto, foi empregado o modelo bioecológico tanto para a compreensão do desenvolvimento humano como da experiência da mediunidade segundo as narrativas de nove médiuns de três casas espíritas diferentes, todas submetidas à análise temática reflexiva. As relações proximais estabelecidas nos centros espíritas foram apontadas como importantes para a compreensão da experiência mediúnica, com destaque para o aprendizado oportunizado não apenas pelo estudo da doutrina dentro da instituição comodo trabalho assistencial presente no microssistema. No espiritismo, o caráter temporal ultrapassa os limites da experiência terrena, passível de compreensão bioecológica, sendo necessário que o cronossistema considere o progresso espiritual através de diferentes encarnações. A mediunidade marcou, nesses participantes, uma importante transição ecológica responsável por evidenciar a ocorrência do desenvolvimento humano.

The aim of this study is to reflect on the human development processes of people who work as mediums in spiritist communities in the city of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The bioecological model was used both to understand human development and the experience of mediumship according to the narratives of nine mediums from three different spiritist houses, all of which were submitted to reflective thematic analysis. The proximal relationships established in the spiritist centers were pointed out as important for the understanding of the mediumistic experience, with emphasis on the learning provided not only by the study of the doctrine within the institution but also of the assistance work present in the microsystem. In spiritism, the temporal character goes beyond the limits of the earthly experience, capable of bioecological understanding, being necessary that the chronosystem considers the spiritual progress through different incarnations. Mediumship marked, in these participants, an important ecological transition responsible for highlighting the occurrence of human development.

Physician Wellness in Orthopedic Surgery: Challenges and Solutions.

The growing epidemic of physician burnout suggests that a change is needed. Physician wellness is an ever-growing consideration, especially in orthopedic surgery, where the challenges to wellness are significant. This review provides many common sense wellness principles and solutions in four main components of wellness (physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual) interwoven with current research on the topic. Although directed to orthopedic surgeons, this guide can be applied to all physicians, because they are based on common human principles of wellness. Wellness is not created overnight, so wellness practices that increase the likelihood of experiencing wellness are encouraged.

As representações sociais sobre o processo saúde-doença na visão espírita / The social representations on the health-disease process in spiritual vision / Las representaciones sociales sobre el procedimiento salud-enfermedad en la visión espirita

Objetivo: Identificar as Representações Sociais sobre o processo saúde-doença no Espiritismo. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizados na pesquisa conceitos das Representações Sociais de acordo com Serge Moscovici. A coleta dos dados ocorreu através de entrevista semi-estruturada e aplicação da técnica livre associação de palavras e observação Livre. Resultados: O espiritismo crê que conquistamos a saúde quando estamos harmonizados conosco e com as leis divinas. Qualquer descumprimento dessas leis divinas gera um desequilíbrio no ser humano. Conclusão: A Enfermagem necessita reconhecer essas Representações Sociais, visto que elas irão esclarecer aos profissionais as experiências de pacientes religiosos, o modo como assimilam seu estado patológico e isto é um desafio para articulação de estratégias de aproximação

Objective: To identify as Social Representatives about the health-disease process in Spiritism. Method: Descriptive study with qualitative approach. Users in the magazine concepts of the Social Representations according to Serge Moscovici. The data collection was performed through a semistructured interview and the application of free set of free words and observations. Results: Spiritualism believes that it has gained health when we are harmonized with the divine laws. Any breach of divine law creates an imbalance in the human being. Conclusion: The Disease Associated with Social Representations, with the aim of being more exposed to professionals such as patient experiences, the way they assimilate their pathological condition and is a challenge for the articulation of strategies of approximation

Objetivo: identificar como Representantes Sociales sobre el proceso saludenfermedad en el Espiritismo. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Usuarios en la revista conceptos de las Representaciones Sociales de acuerdo con Serge Moscovici. La recolección de los datos fue realizada por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y la aplicación del conjunto libre de palabras y observaciones libres. Resultados: el espiritismo cree que ha conquistado la salud cuando estamos armonizados con las leyes divinas. Cualquier incumplimiento de leyes divinas genera un desequilibrio en el ser humano. Conclusión: la Enfermedad asociada a las Representaciones Sociales, con el objetivo de estar más expuestas a los profesionales como las experiencias de enfermos, el modo como asimilan su estado patológico y es un desafío para la articulación de estrategias de aproximación

Strengthening the spiritual domain in palliative care through a listening consultation service by spiritual caregivers in Dutch PaTz-groups: an evaluation study.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care should be holistic, but spiritual issues are often overlooked. General practitioners and nurses working together in PaTz-groups (palliative home care groups) consider spiritual issues in palliative care to be relevant, but experience barriers in addressing spiritual issues and finding spiritual caregivers. This study evaluates the feasibility and perceived added value of a listening consultation service by spiritual caregivers in primary palliative care. METHODS: From December 2018 until September 2019, we piloted a listening consultation service in which spiritual caregivers joined 3 PaTz-groups whose members referred patients or their relatives with spiritual care needs to them. Evaluation occurred through (i) monitoring of the implementation, (ii) in-depth interviews with patients (n = 5) and involved spiritual caregivers (n = 5), (iii) short group interviews in 3 PaTz-groups (17 GPs, 10 nurses and 3 palliative consultants), and (iv) questionnaires filled out by the GP after each referral, and by the spiritual caregiver after each consultation. Data was analysed thematically and descriptively. RESULTS: Consultations mostly took place on appointment at the patients home instead of originally intended walk-in consultation hours. Consultations were most often with relatives (72%), followed by patients and relatives together (17%) and patients (11%). Relatives also had more consecutive consultations (mean 4.1 compared to 2.2 for patients). Consultations were on existential and relational issues, loss, grief and identity were main themes. Start-up of the referrals took more time and effort than expected. In time, several GPs of each PaTz-group referred patients to the spiritual caregiver. In general, consultations and joint PaTz-meetings were experienced as of added value. All patients and relatives as well as several GPs and nurses experienced more attention for and awareness of the spiritual domain. Patients and relatives particularly valued professional support of spiritual caregivers, as well as recognition of grief as an normal aspect of life. CONCLUSIONS: If sufficient effort is given to implementation, listening consultation services can be a good method for PaTz-groups to find and cooperate with spiritual caregivers, as well as for integrating spiritual care in primary palliative care. This may strengthen care in the spiritual domain, especially for relatives who are mourning.

Comparing the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of patients with non-cancer and cancer diagnoses in a tertiary palliative care setting.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to describe the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of patients with non-cancer serious illness diagnoses compared to those of patients with cancer. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with a non-cancer diagnosis admitted to a tertiary palliative care unit between January 2008 and December 2017 and compared their needs to those of a matched cohort of patients with cancer diagnoses. The prevalence of needs within the following four main concerns was recorded and the data analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis: •Physical: pain, dyspnea, fatigue, anorexia, edema, and delirium•Psychological: depression, anxiety, prognosis, and dignity•Social: caregiver burden, isolation, and financial•Spiritual: spiritual distress. RESULTS: The prevalence of the four main concerns was similar among patients with non-cancer and cancer diagnoses. Pain, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia were more prevalent among patients with cancer. Dyspnea was more commonly the primary concern in patients with non-cancer diagnoses (39%), who also had a higher prevalence of anxiety and concerns about dignity. Spirituality was addressed more often in patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The majority of patients admitted to tertiary palliative care settings have historically been those with cancer. The tertiary palliative care needs of patients with non-cancer diagnoses have not been well described, despite the increasing prevalence of this population. Our description of the palliative care needs of patients with non-cancer diagnoses will help guide future palliative care for the increasing population of patients with non-cancer serious illness diagnoses.

O potencial consolador das cartas psicografadas na saúde emocional de enlutados / The consoling potential of psychographed letters in the emotional health of bereaved people

Resumo A pesquisa objetivou conhecer o estado emocional de pessoas em luto complicado que receberem cartas escritas por médiuns, cuja emissão foi atribuída a seus entes falecidos. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 48 voluntários em três cenários, sendo um virtual e dois presenciais. Estes responderam a formulários estruturados compostos por nove perguntas que definiram o perfil dos participantes; e a 17 perguntas sobre o luto, elaboradas conforme critérios do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5), que verificou os sentimentos antes e depois da comunicação mediúnica. Concluímos que as mensagens contribuíram para melhorar a saúde emocional das pessoas provenientes dos cenários presenciais, interferindo positivamente na qualidade de vida, validando o conceito de "Cartas Consoladoras".

Abstract The research aimed to know the emotional state of people in complicated mourning who receive letters written by mediums, whose emission was attributed to their deceased ones. This is a qualitative study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 48 volunteers in three scenarios - one virtual and two in person. These responded to structured forms composed of nine questions that defined the profile of the participants; and 17 questions about grief, elaborated according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5), which verified feelings before and after mediumistic communication. We conclude that the messages contributed to improve the emotional health of people from face-to-face settings, positively interfering in the quality of life, validating the concept of "Consoling Letters".

Vínculos entre homeopatia e espiritismo no Rio Grande do Sul na passagem para o século XX / Ties between homeopathy and Spiritism in Rio Grande do Sul at the turn of the twentieth century

Resumo A prática da homeopatia teve importante desenvolvimento no Brasil na passagem para o século XX. Especialmente do Rio Grande do Sul, estado na região Sul do Brasil, homeopatas conseguiram introduzir suas práticas vinculando-se a uma perspectiva científica que organizou uma proposta de curso superior, mas também a um movimento religioso que divulgava o uso da homeopatia por meio de receituário recebido por médiuns. Esses dois movimentos possuíam adeptos que atuavam em frentes diversas, oferecendo os medicamentos homeopáticos gratuitamente ou divulgando suas ideias em periódicos e outros meios. O artigo analisa esses contextos de interação dos homeopatas e de práticos espíritas na primeira metade do século XX, procurando entender como essas perspectivas se aproximaram e permitiram permanências.

Abstract The practice of homeopathy developed significantly in Brazil at the turn of the twentieth century. Especially in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil, homeopaths were able to introduce their practices by linking them to a scientific perspective that organized a plan for advanced training as well as to a religious movement which disseminated the use of homeopathy through prescriptions received by mediums. These two movements had supporters who worked on several fronts, offering homeopathic medicines for free or spreading their ideas in magazines and other vehicles. The article analyzes these contexts in which homeopaths and Spiritist practices interacted during the first half of the twentieth century in an attempt to understand how these perspectives approached each other and permitted continuity.

Translation, Cultural, and Clinical Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire among Hospitalized Cancer Patients.

Background and Objectives: The aim was to translate and validate the spiritual needs questionnaire for its use in the Lithuanian context. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was applied. Structural individual interview method (face-to-face) was employed to collect data on spiritual needs of cancer patients. Responses were obtained from 247 patients hospitalized in nursing and supportive treatment units at public hospitals. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, Cronbach's alpha, split half test, average inter-item, and item-total correlations were calculated for internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm the construct validity of the translated version of instrument. Results: Lithuanian version of The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (27 items) had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). The existential and connectedness with family needs factor had the lowest Cronbach's alpha (0.71) in relation to other factors: Religious needs (0.93), giving/generativity and forgiveness needs (0.88), and inner peace needs (0.74). Split-half test showed strong relationship between the both halves of the test. The item difficulty (1.47 (mean value)/3) was 0.49; while all values were in acceptable range from 0.20 to 0.80. Item-total correlations were inspected for the items in each of the four SpNQ-27 factors. Conclusions: The Lithuanian version of Spiritual needs questionnaire demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of the instrument. This instrument, as a screening tool and conversational model, is recommended for clinicians in health care practice to identify patients with spiritual needs.

Advance care planning for older people: The influence of ethnicity, religiosity, spirituality and health literacy.

In this discussion paper we consider the influence of ethnicity, religiosity, spirituality and health literacy on Advance Care Planning for older people. Older people from cultural and ethnic minorities have low access to palliative or end-of-life care and there is poor uptake of advance care planning by this group across a number of countries where advance care planning is promoted. For many, religiosity, spirituality and health literacy are significant factors that influence how they make end-of-life decisions. Health literacy issues have been identified as one of the main reasons for a communication gaps between physicians and their patients in discussing end-of-life care, where poor health literacy, particularly specific difficulty with written and oral communication often limits their understanding of clinical terms such as diagnoses and prognoses. This then contributes to health inequalities given it impacts on their ability to use their moral agency to make appropriate decisions about end-of-life care and complete their Advance Care Plans. Currently, strategies to promote advance care planning seem to overlook engagement with religious communities. Consequently, policy makers, nurses, medical professions, social workers and even educators continue to shape advance care planning programmes within the context of a medical model. The ethical principle of justice is a useful approach to responding to inequities and to promote older peoples' ability to enact moral agency in making such decisions.

La temprana recepción de los rayos X en Buenos Aires, 1896-1897: medicina, esoterismo y fantasías plebeyas / Early attitudes to X-rays in Buenos Aires, 1896-1897: medicine, esotericism and popular fantasies

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es documentar la recepción temprana de los rayos X en la cultura científica de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Haciendo uso de fuentes periódicas de diversa índole, el texto explora las diferentes reacciones despertadas por la novedad en distintos actores del mundo letrado. Los periódicos y semanarios generales difundieron rápidamente el hallazgo y se encargaron de subrayar su naturaleza maravillosa o prodigiosa. Por su parte, los médicos de la ciudad asumieron posiciones contrastantes que iban desde el recelo hasta el entusiasmo. Por último, los espiritistas de la ciudad escribieron numerosos textos sobre la innovación, y la reinterpretaron en función de sus estrategias de auto-legitimación.

Abstract The goal of this article is to document early attitudes to X-rays in scientific culture in the city of Buenos Aires. Using various types of periodical sources, the text explores the different reactions to the novelty among different actors in the literary world. Newspapers and weekly magazines for the general public quickly broadcast the discovery, stressing its marvelous or prodigious nature. Meanwhile, physicians in the city took contrasting positions, ranging from mistrust to enthusiasm. Lastly, spiritualists in the city wrote numerous texts about the innovation, and reinterpreted it in accordance with their strategies for self-legitimation.