Occupation and tongue cancer in Nordic countries.

PURPOSE: Almost 200,000 tongue cancers were diagnosed worldwide in 2020. The aim of this study was to describe occupational risk variation in this malignancy. METHODS: The data are based on the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) study containing 14.9 million people from the Nordic countries with 9020 tongue cancers diagnosed during 1961-2005. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of tongue cancer in each occupational category was calculated using national incidence rates as the reference. RESULTS: Among men, the incidence was statistically significantly elevated in waiters (SIR 4.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13--5.92), beverage workers (SIR 3.42, 95% CI 2.02-5.40), cooks and stewards (SIR 2.55, 95% CI 1.82-3.48), seamen (SIR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.00), journalists (SIR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18-2.75), artistic workers (SIR 2.05, 95% CI 1.54-2.66), hairdressers (SIR 2.17, 95% CI 1.39-3.22), and economically inactive persons (SIR 1.57, 95% CI 1.42-1.73). Among women, the SIR was statistically significantly elevated only in waitresses (SIR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.81). Statistically significant SIRs ≤ 0.63 were observed in male farmers, gardeners, forestry workers and teachers, and in female launderers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be related to consumption of alcohol and tobacco, but the effect of carcinogenic exposure from work cannot be excluded.

Variation in occupational exposure risk for COVID-19 workers' compensation claims across pandemic waves in Ontario.

OBJECTIVES: To understand rates of work-related COVID-19 (WR-C19) infection by occupational exposures across waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We combined workers' compensation claims for COVID-19 with data from Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey, to estimate rates of WR-C19 among workers spending the majority of their working time at the workplace between 1 April 2020 and 30 April 2022. Occupational exposures, imputed using a job exposure matrix, were whether the occupation was public facing, proximity to others at work, location of work and a summary measure of low, medium and high occupational exposure. Negative binomial regression models examined the relationship between occupational exposures and risk of WR-C19, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Trends in rates of WR-C19 differed from overall COVID-19 cases among the working-aged population. All occupational exposures were associated with increased risk of WR-C19, with risk ratios for medium and high summary exposures being 1.30 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.55) and 2.46 (95% CI 2.10 to 2.88), respectively, in fully adjusted models. The magnitude of associations between occupational exposures and risk of WR-C19 differed across waves of the pandemic, being weakest for most exposures in period March 2021 to June 2021, and highest at the start of the pandemic and during the Omicron wave (December 2021 to April 2022). CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposures were consistently associated with increased risk of WR-C19, although the magnitude of this relationship differed across pandemic waves in Ontario. Preparation for future pandemics should consider more accurate reporting of WR-C19 infections and the potential dynamic nature of occupational exposures.

An investigation of 3M Cordova, IL production worker's per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances biomonitoring results and mortality experience.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a wide-ranging group of chemicals that have been used in a variety of polymer and surfactant applications. While 3M Cordova, Illinois was not one of 3M's primary manufacturing facilities for the legacy long-chain PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS), it has been a major manufacturing site for short-chain PFAS (compounds that are or may degrade to PFBS or PFBA). The purpose of this research focused on: 1) an analysis of biomonitoring data of employees and retirees, and 2) an analysis of the cohort mortality of workers from 1970 to 2018. Employees had higher PFBS and PFBA serum concentrations than the retirees, while retirees had higher concentrations for PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS. Compared to the 2017-2018 NHANES data, employees' PFOS and PFHxS concentrations in 2022 were two-fold higher, with PFOA levels comparable. These NHANES data did not include serum PFBS or PFBA. Cross-sectional trends of PFOS and PFOA levels from 1997 to 2022 showed PFOS declined from 151 ng/mL to 10.4 ng/mL. Similarly, PFOA decreased from 100 ng/mL to 1.5 ng/mL. A longitudinal analysis of 48 participants with measurements in both 2006 and 2022 showed concentrations decreased by 74% for PFOS and 90% for PFOA. In the mortality study, 1707 employees who worked 1 day or longer were followed for an average of 25.6 years and had 143 (8%) deaths. There were no significantly elevated risks for any specific cause of death, regardless of latency period (0 or 15 years). While no specific PFAS exposures were examined, worker mortality experience (1970-2018) was analyzed by major departments representing primary work areas. Employees and retirees at the Cordova facility continue to have elevated PFOS and PFHxS serum concentrations compared to the general population, however, their legacy PFAS concentrations have declined over time, consistent with the estimated serum elimination half-lives of these PFAS in humans assuming nominal ambient exposures. For PFBS and PFBA, the results indicated no long-term accumulation in the blood likely due to their short serum elimination half-lives. After nearly 50 years of follow-up, this Cordova workforce showed no increased risk of mortality from cancer or any other specific cause of death.

Associations between maternal occupational exposures and pregnancy outcomes among Chinese nurses: a nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have provided evidence about adverse pregnancy outcomes of nurses involved in occupational exposure. However, the pregnancy outcomes among nurses in middle-income countries are not well demonstrated. The main aim of this study is to present the prevalence and influencing factors of pregnancy outcomes among female nurses in China. METHODS: We included 2243 non-nurse health care workers, and 4230 nurses in this national cross-sectional study in China. Information on occupational exposures and pregnancy outcomes was collected using a face-to-face investigation. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated through logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of threatened abortion, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth of female nurses was 2.6%, 7%, and 2.1%, respectively. We found an increased risk of threatened abortion among nurses with overtime work (OR = 1.719, 95% CI 1.158-2.550). The risk of threatened abortion and spontaneous abortion was elevated among nurses handling disinfectant (OR = 2.293 and 1.63, respectively). We found a nearly twofold increased risk of premature birth (OR = 2.169, 95% CI 1.36-3.459) among nurses handling anti-cancer drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that maternal occupational exposures might be associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among female nurses in China. We recommend that policy-markers and hospital managers work together to reduce exposure to occupational hazards and improve pregnancy outcomes among female nurses.

A Data-Driven Approach to Estimating Occupational Inhalation Exposure Using Workplace Compliance Data.

A growing list of chemicals are approved for production and use in the United States and elsewhere, and new approaches are needed to rapidly assess the potential exposure and health hazard posed by these substances. Here, we present a high-throughput, data-driven approach that will aid in estimating occupational exposure using a database of over 1.5 million observations of chemical concentrations in U.S. workplace air samples. We fit a Bayesian hierarchical model that uses industry type and the physicochemical properties of a substance to predict the distribution of workplace air concentrations. This model substantially outperforms a null model when predicting whether a substance will be detected in an air sample, and if so at what concentration, with 75.9% classification accuracy and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.00 log10 mg m-3 when applied to a held-out test set of substances. This modeling framework can be used to predict air concentration distributions for new substances, which we demonstrate by making predictions for 5587 new substance-by-workplace-type pairs reported in the US EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) industrial use database. It also allows for improved consideration of occupational exposure within the context of high-throughput, risk-based chemical prioritization efforts.

Maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents and intrauterine growth in the ELFE cohort.

BACKGROUND: In developed countries, about 15% of women are occupationally exposed to solvents. Associations between this maternal occupational exposure and intrauterine fetal growth are inconsistent, but almost no existing study has investigated this relation by solvent family (oxygenated, petroleum, and chlorinated), although they may affect fetal growth differently. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relations between maternal occupational solvent exposure, by solvent family, and the risk of neonates born small for gestational age (SGA), or with low birthweight, or with small head circumference (HC). METHODS: Among the 18,040 women enrolled in the Elfe rather than included in the Elfe birth cohort, we included 13,026 women who worked during pregnancy (72% of the cohort). Information about maternal occupations and industrial activities during pregnancy was collected by questionnaire at the maternity ward, and completed at 2-month when necessary. Using Matgéné job-exposure matrices, we assessed maternal occupational exposure to solvents. Logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association between maternal occupational solvent exposure and SGA status, birth weight, and HC. Analyses were conducted for exposure during pregnancy and also stratified by the trimester that pregnancy leave began. RESULTS: We observed a higher risk of SGA newborns among mothers occupationally exposed during pregnancy to petroleum solvents (ORadjusted = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.57). Among women working until the third trimester of pregnancy, we observed a higher risk of SGA newborns to those occupationally exposed to oxygenated solvents (ORadjusted = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.11 to 2.75), a significantly lower birthweight for infants of mothers exposed to petroleum solvents (ßadjusted = -47.37 g; -89.33 to -5.42), and a lower HC among newborns of those occupationally exposed to oxygenated solvents (ßadjusted = -0.28; -0.49 to -0.07) and to chlorinated solvents (ßadjusted = -0.29; -0.53 to -0.05). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that maternal occupational solvent exposure may influence fetal growth, especially exposure into the third trimester of pregnancy.

Fatores associados à percepção do risco biológico e aos acidentes com material biológico em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde / Factors associated with the perception of biological risk and accidents with biological material in community health workers / Factores asociados a la percepción del riesgo biológico y de los accidentes con material biológico en los agentes comunitarios de salud

Objetivos: identificar fatores associados à acidentes com material biológico e à percepção do risco biológico entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Métodos: estudo transversal analítico realizado com ACS, mediante aplicação de questionário e consulta de registros no cartão de vacinas. Regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta foi realizada para analisar os fatores associados aos acidentes com material biológico e à percepção do risco biológico. Resultados: dos 207 participantes, 50,24% (IC 95% = 43,4 - 56,9) apresentou autorrelato de acidentes com material biológico, tendo como fatores associados possuir formação de nível superior [RP ajustada = 2,2 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 4,7)], ter outro vínculo empregatício [RP ajustada = 1,5 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 2,3)] e conhecimento quanto às vacinas necessárias ao ACS [RP ajustada = 0,7 (0,5 - 0,9)]. Constatou-se que 74,39% dos ACS tinham percepção de algum risco biológico, mesmo de forma limitada. Entre as variáveis investigadas, na análise ajustada, nenhuma mostrou associação com a percepção de risco biológico pelos ACS. Conclusão: a prevalência de acidentes com material biológico em ACS é elevada, sendo fatores associados possuir formação de nível superior, ter outro vínculo empregatício e apresentar conhecimento quanto as vacinas necessárias para a atividade laboral. Há limitada percepção de risco pela maioria dos ACS. Não foram encontrados fatores associados à esta variável.

Objectives: to identify factors associated with accidents involving biological material and the perception of biological risk among community health workers (CHWs). Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with CHWs using a questionnaire and consultation of vaccination card records. Poisson multiple regression with robust variance was conducted to analyze the factors associated with accidents involving biological material and perception of biological risk. Results: of the 207 participants, 50.24% (95% CI = 43.4 - 56.9) self-reported accidents with biological material, and the associated factors were having a university degree [adjusted PR = 2.2 (95% CI = 1.0 - 4.7)], having another job [adjusted PR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.0 - 2.3)] and knowledge of the vaccines needed by CHWs [adjusted PR = 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9)]. It was found that 74.39% of CHWs were aware of some biological risk, even to a limited extent. Among the variables investigated, in the adjusted analysis, none showed an association with the perception of biological risk by CHWs. Conclusion: the prevalence of accidents involving biological material among CHWs is high, and the associated factors are having a university degree, having another job, and having knowledge of the vaccines required for the job. Most CHWs have a limited perception of the risk. No factors were associated with this variable.

Objetivos: identificar los factores asociados a los accidentes con material biológico y la percepción del riesgo biológico entre agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado con los ACS mediante cuestionario y consulta de los registros de las cartillas de vacunación. Se realizó una regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta para analizar los factores asociados a los accidentes con material biológico y la percepción del riesgo biológico. Resultados: de los 207 participantes, el 50,24% (IC 95% = 43,4 - 56,9) declararon haber sufrido accidentes con material biológico, y los factores asociados fueron tener un título universitario [PR ajustado = 2,2 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 4,7)], tener otro trabajo [PR ajustado = 1,5 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 2,3)] y conocer las vacunas que necesitan los ACS [PR ajustado = 0,7 (0,5 - 0,9)]. Se observó que el 74,39% de los ACS conocían algún riesgo biológico, aunque fuera de forma limitada. De las variables investigadas en el análisis ajustado, ninguna mostró una asociación con la percepción del riesgo biológico por parte de los ACS. Conclusión: la prevalencia de accidentes con material biológico entre los ACS es alta, y los factores asociados son tener un título universitario, tener otro trabajo y tener conocimientos sobre las vacunas necesarias para el trabajo. La mayoría de los ACS tienen una percepción limitada del riesgo. No se encontraron factores asociados a esta variable.

Covid-19 en trabajadores de la Salud: Experiencia en la Residencia de Pediatría de un hospital de La Plata, Argentina / Covid-19 in health workers: Experience in the Pediatric Residence of a hospital in La Plata, Argentina

Introducción: Los trabajadores de la salud (TS) poseen la mayor exposición laboral al contagio SARS-CoV-2. Los residentes forman parte fundamental de los servicios de salud por lo que no se encuentran exentos del impacto físico, psíquico, social y económico negativo producido por la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo: : Describir el impacto epidemiológico de la enfermedad profesional por COVID-19 en médicos residentes de pediatría. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en médicos residentes de pediatría del H.I.A.E.P "Sor María Ludovica". El período comprendido en el estudio fue del 01/10/2020 al 30/09/2021. Se evaluaron los siguientes datos: género, edad, antecedentes personales, vacunación, cuadro clínico, métodos diagnósticos, aislamientos epidemiológicos, evolución y licencias tramitadas. Los datos fueron registrados por la jefatura de residentes. Resultados: 143 casos sospechosos de COVID-19, de ellos 30 resultaron confirmados de COVID-19. La edad media de los enfermos fue de 31 años (26-46 años) de los cuales 14 (47%) no estaban vacunados contra SARS COV-2, 11 (36%) estaban completamente inmunizados y 5 (17%) tenían calendario incompleto. 2 casos (6,6%) reportaron comorbilidad previa. Se realizaron pruebas de laboratorio en 130 de los 143 casos. 13 casos se descartaron por criterio clínico. La tasa de positividad fue 23,1%. 26 casos fueron confirmados por laboratorio y 4 casos mediante criterio clínico epidemiológico. Todos los casos fueron leves y evolucionaron favorablemente. Fueron gestionadas 326 licencias relacionadas a la pandemia por COVID-19 que significaron la pérdida de 2.830 días laborales. Conclusión: En el presente estudio se evidenció una alta tasa de incidencia de COVID-19 en residentes de pediatría en un año: 23,1%

Introduction: Health workers (HCWs) have the highest occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 contagion. Residents are a fundamental part of health services, so they are not exempt from the negative physical, psychological, social and economic impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological impact of the occupational disease by COVID-19 in resident pediatricians. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in pediatric residents of the H.I.A.E.P "Sor María Ludovica". The period covered by the study was from 10/01/2020 to 09/30/2021. The following data were evaluated: gender, age, personal history, vaccination, clinical picture, diagnostic methods, epidemiological isolates, evolution and licenses processed. The data was recorded by the head of residents. Results: 143 suspected cases of COVID-19, of which 30 were confirmed to be COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 31 years (26-46 years), of which 14 (47%) were not vaccinated against SARS COV.-2, 11 (36%) were fully immunized and 5 (17%) had an incomplete schedule. 2 cases (6.6%) reported previous comorbidity. Laboratory tests were performed in 130 of the 143 cases. 13 cases were ruled out based on clinical criteria. The positivity rate was 23.1%. 26 cases were confirmed by laboratory and 4 cases by clinical epidemiological criteria. All cases were mild and evolved favorably. 326 licenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic were managed, which meant the loss of 2,830 working days. Conclusion: In the present study, a high rate of incidence of COVID-19 was evidenced in pediatric residents in one year: 23.1%

Sex Difference and Benzene Exposure: Does It Matter?

Sex-related biological differences might lead to different effects in women and men when they are exposed to risk factors. A scoping review was carried out to understand if sex could be a discriminant in health outcomes due to benzene. Studies on both animals and humans were collected. In vivo surveys, focusing on genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and effects on metabolism suggested a higher involvement of male animals (mice or rats) in adverse health effects. Conversely, the studies on humans, focused on the alteration of blood parameters, myeloid leukemia incidence and biomarker rates, highlighted that, overall, women had significantly higher risk for blood system effects and a metabolization of benzene 23-26% higher than men, considering a similar exposure situation. This opposite trend highlights that the extrapolation of in vivo findings to human risk assessment should be taken with caution. However, it is clear that sex is a physiological parameter to consider in benzene exposure and its health effects. The topic of sex difference linked to benzene in human exposure needs further research, with more numerous samples, to obtain a higher strength of data and more indicative findings. Sex factor, and gender, could have significant impacts on occupational exposures and their health effects, even if there are still uncertainties and gaps that need to be filled.

Association of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Cleanup Work With Risk of Developing Hypertension.

Importance: Exposure to hydrocarbons, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and other chemicals from the April 20, 2010, Deepwater Horizon disaster may be associated with increased blood pressure and newly detected hypertension among oil spill response and cleanup workers. Objective: To determine whether participation in cleanup activities following the disaster was associated with increased risk of developing hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was conducted via telephone interviews and in-person home exams. Participants were 6846 adults who had worked on the oil spill cleanup (workers) and 1505 others who had completed required safety training but did not do cleanup work (nonworkers). Eligible participants did not have diagnosed hypertension at the time of the oil spill. Statistical analyses were performed from June 2018 to December 2021. Exposures: Engagement in cleanup activities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster, job classes, quintiles of cumulative total hydrocarbons exposure level, potential exposure to burning or flaring oil, and estimated PM2.5 were examined. Main Outcomes and Measures: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected during home exams from 2011 to 2013 using automated oscillometric monitors. Newly detected hypertension was defined as antihypertensive medication use or elevated blood pressure since the spill. Log binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs for associations between cleanup exposures and hypertension. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate exposure effects on continuous blood pressure levels. Results: Of 8351 participants included in this study, 6484 (77.6%) were male, 517 (6.2%) were Hispanic, 2859 (34.2%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 4418 (52.9%) were non-Hispanic White; the mean (SD) age was 41.9 (12.5) years at enrollment. Among workers, the prevalence of newly detected hypertension was elevated in all quintiles (Q) of cumulative total hydrocarbons above the first quintile (PR for Q3, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.13-1.46], PR for Q4, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.10-1.43], and PR for Q5, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.15-1.50]). Both exposure to burning and/or flaring oil and gas (PR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02-1.33]) and PM2.5 from burning (PR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.89-1.71]) for the highest exposure category were associated with increased risk of newly detected hypertension, as were several types of oil spill work including cleanup on water (PR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.08-1.66]) and response work (PR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.20-1.90]). Conclusions and Relevance: Oil spill exposures were associated with newly detected hypertension after the Deepwater Horizon disaster. These findings suggest that blood pressure screening should be considered for workers with occupational hydrocarbon exposures.

Spontaneous Chromosomal Aberrations in Lymphocytes and Development of Tumor in Hospital Workers.

BACKGROUND: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes in blood lymphocytes can be used to reveal biomarkers of tumor risk. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) appears to correlate with the later incidence of cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In our work, a total of 515 healthy Hungarian medical workers and 725 controls were enrolled in our investigation. The CAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of CAs was significantly higher in the groups working with ionizing radiation and with cytostatic agents compared to unexposed controls and in male smokers rather than non-smokers. The frequency of dicentric chromosomes, however, was not significantly different between control and exposed groups. Among 82 cancer cases (6.6%), the most frequent types were cancer of the breast (20.5%), colon (12.8%), lung and thyroid gland (9-9%). Our analysis showed 8.1% cancer cases in smokers compared to 5.7% in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: The potential exposure to carcinogens did not modify the effect of CAs on cancer risk but tobacco smoking did increase risk.

Occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Recent studies suggest that organic solvent exposure could be closely related to breast cancer, although the evidence remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated existing epidemiological evidence for the association between occupational solvent exposure and breast cancer. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify published case-control and cohort studies that addressed occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer, up to April, 2021. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were conducted to obtain the pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) on the incidence of breast cancer in relation to occupational exposure. The pooled OR of breast cancer among workers exposed to organic solvents overall was 1.18 (95%CI, 1.11 ~ 1.25; I2 = 76.3%; 24 studies), compared to those with no exposure. After stratification by menopause and study location, it was revealed that the association between occupational exposure to organic solvents and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09 ~ 1.67; I2 = 73.4%; 7 studies) was significant, and there was also a clear association in workers in Europe (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12 ~ 1.32; I2 = 82.9%; 13 studies). We observed a significant association between occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer in both cohort and case-control studies.

Blood chromium exposure, immune inflammation and genetic damage: Exploring associations and mediation effects in chromate exposed population.

Both genetic damage and inappropriate immune function are relevant to cancer of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. However, its associations with immune response and genetic damage development are poorly understood. To explore their associations and mediating effects, 1249 participants were included from the Occupational Chromate Exposure Dynamic Cohort, and their blood Cr concentrations were measured as internal exposure. A set of biomarkers including urinary 8-hydroxy-2' - deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), micronucleus frequency (MNF) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) was developed to evaluate the landscape of genetic damage of Cr(VI). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and first component of complement q (C1q) were measured to reflect immune inflammation. Multivariate linear regression and mediation analyses were applied to assess the potential associations and mediation effects. It was found that blood Cr level showed significant dose-dependent relationships with increasing of MNF and urinary 8-OHdG, while negative association with CRP and C1q. Furthermore, a 1-unit increase in CRP was associated with decreases of - 0.765 to - 0.254 in MNF, - 0.400 to - 0.051 in urinary 8-OHdG. 4.97% of the association between blood Cr level and the increased MNF was mediated by CRP. 11.58% of the relationship between concentration of blood Cr and urinary 8-OHdG was mediated by C1q. These findings suggested that Cr(VI) exposures might prompt genetic damage, possibly partial via worsening immune inflammation.

Health indicators of periodic examinations for federal civil servants / Indicadores de saúde dos exames periódicos para servidores públicos federais / Indicadores de salud de los exámenes periódicos para funcionarios federales

Objetivo: traçar o perfil de saúde dos servidores públicos de instituição de ensino localizada no Rio de Janeiro, a partir dos resultados dos exames periódicos de saúde. Método: utilizou-se abordagem quantitativa e transversal, com dados coletados em uma instituição pública federal de ensino. Resultados: verificou-se o risco para desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, dado o histórico familiar aliado ao estilo de vida dos participantes. A atividade física referida não pôde ser associada à diminuição de risco de doenças cardiovasculares e, por isso, pode não estar sendo efetiva sua contribuição para a saúde de seus praticantes. Quanto à exposição ocupacional, foram identificadas alterações nos exames de audiometria, videolaringoestroboscopia e Gama GT dos servidores docentes. Conclusão: torna-se fundamental consolidar as ações voltadas para os servidores públicos, enquanto ferramenta para embasar ações de promoção e proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores e para o fortalecimento de políticas públicas voltadas para o tema

Objective: to draw the health profile of public servants of an educational institution located in Rio de Janeiro, based on the results of periodic health examinations. Method: a quantitative and cross-sectional approach was used, with data collected from a federal public educational institution. Results: the risk for developing non-communicable chronic diseases was verified, given the family history combined with the participants' lifestyle. The referred physical activity could not be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and, therefore, its contribution to the health of its practitioners may not be effective. Regarding occupational exposure, changes in audiometry, videolaryngostroboscopy and Gama GT exams of the teaching staff were identified. Conclusion: it is essential to consolidate actions aimed at public servants, as a tool to support actions to promote and protect workers' health and to strengthen public policies. focused on the theme

Objetivo: dibujar el perfil de salud de los servidores públicos de una institución educativa ubicada en Río de Janeiro, con base en los resultados de los exámenes periódicos de salud. Método: se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal, con datos recopilados de una institución educativa pública federal. Resultados: se verificó el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, dada la historia familiar combinada con el estilo de vida de los participantes. La actividad física referida no podría asociarse con un riesgo reducido de enfermedades cardiovasculares y, por lo tanto, su contribución a la salud de sus profesionales puede no ser efectiva. Con respecto a la exposición ocupacional, se identificaron cambios en audiometría, videolaringostroboscopia y exámenes de Gama GT del personal docente. Conclusión: es esencial consolidar las acciones dirigidas a los servidores públicos, como una herramienta para apoyar acciones para promover y proteger la salud de los trabajadores y fortalecer las políticas públicas. centrado en el tema

Is Isocyanate Exposure and Occupational Asthma Still a Major Occupational Health Concern? Systematic Literature Review.

Isocyanate, whose disease-inducing mechanism is poorly understood, with poor prognosis, is widely used. Asthma is the most frequent manifestation of prolonged exposure. We assessed the evolution of the incidence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma over time. PubMed and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies published since 1990 that assessed the relationship between occupational exposure to isocyanates and asthma. We identified 39 studies: five retrospective cohort studies, seven prospective cohort studies, three of which were inception cohorts), seven observational cross-sectional studies, five literature reviews, two case series, and 13 registry studies. The incidence of occupational asthma secondary to isocyanate exposure has decreased from more than 5% in the early 1990s to 0.9% in 2017 in the United States. Despite the wide use of optimal collective and individual protection measures, the risk of occupational asthma has stabilized. Occupational asthma risk can be assessed with good sensitivity using self-questionnaires and pulmonary function tests. Occupational avoidance should be implemented as soon as possible after the first symptoms appear because the prognosis becomes increasingly poor with the persistence of exposure. It is now necessary to study specifically cutaneous sensitization to isocyanates and to define what protective equipment is effective against this mode of exposure.

Lifetime Carcinogenic Risk Proportions from Inhalation Exposures in Industrial and Non-Industrial Regions.

The aim of this work was to estimate the share of selected significant risk factors for respiratory cancer in the overall incidence of this disease and their comparison in two environmentally different burdened regions. A combination of a longitudinal cross-sectional population study with a US EPA health risk assessment methodology was used. The result of this procedure is the expression of lifelong carcinogenic risks and their contribution in the overall incidence of the disease. Compared to exposures to benzo[a]pyrene in the air and fibrogenic dust in the working air, several orders of magnitude higher share of the total incidence of respiratory cancer was found in radon exposures, for women 60% in the industrial area, respectively 100% in the non-industrial area, for men 24%, respectively 15%. The share of risks in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust was found to be 0.35% in the industrial area. For benzo[a]pyrene, the share of risks was below 1% and the share of other risk factors was in the monitored areas was up to 85%. The most significant share in the development of respiratory cancer in both monitored areas is represented by radon for women and other risk factors for men.

A case study: Chemical health risk assessment in three footwear small industries in Bogor-Indonesia year 2019.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the health risks related to the use of chemicals among workers in small footwear factories. METHODS: This was a descriptive case study conducted in three selected small footwear factories located in Ciomas, Bogor, Indonesia. The assessment was conducted using the chemical health risk assessment method by the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Year 2018. RESULTS: Results showed that the level of risk of chemicals through inhalation fell on the moderate and high-risk categories, indicating that high exposure could lead to carcinogenic effects. Dermal exposure was categorised as moderate risk, causing such health effects as skin and eye irritation. CONCLUSION: Factory X, Y, and Z have been found to have a significant risk of hazardous chemical exposure (i.e., benzene and toluene), specifically at the glueing stations, either from inhalation or dermal contact.

Reaction Times among Batik Workers: The Influence of Gender and Occupational Lead Exposure.

(1) Background: Neglected occupational health and safety aspects in batik industries cause their workers to have an increased risk of lead exposure. The effect of occupational lead exposure on neurocognitive performance is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to examine the difference in simple reaction time between lead-exposed batik workers and non-exposed referents. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven batik enterprises in Lendah District, Indonesia, excluding workers with medical conditions impairing reaction time. Simple reaction time tests were conducted using an online tool. Two-way model ANCOVAs examined interactions between gender and job types on the mean differences in reaction time. (3) Results: After controlling for age and body mass index, we observed longer reaction times among lead-exposed batik workers than non-exposed referents with an adjusted mean difference of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.016-0.368) seconds. A more prominent detrimental effect of lead exposure on reaction time among female workers than among male workers was observed. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that occupational lead exposure could contribute to longer reaction time, notably among female workers. Thus, occupational health and safety precautions are vital to protect batik workers and preserve their important contributions to cultural heritage.

Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles and Placental Histopathological Lesions: A Retrospective Study about 130 Cases.

Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are particles smaller than 100 nanometers that are produced unintentionally during human activities or natural phenomena. They have a higher biological reactivity than bigger particles and can reach the placenta after maternal exposure. One study has shown an association between maternal occupational exposure to UFPs and fetal growth restriction. Yet few studies have focused on the effects of UFP exposure on placental histopathological lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal occupational exposure to UFPs and histopathological lesions of their placenta. The analyses were based on data from the ARTEMIS Center. A job-exposure matrix was used to assess occupational exposure to UFPs. The histopathological placental exam was performed by two pathologists who were blinded to the exposure of each subject. The examination was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Amsterdam consensus. The study sample included 130 placentas (30 exposed, 100 unexposed). Maternal occupational exposure to UFPs during pregnancy is significantly associated with placental hypoplasia (the phenomenon affected 61% of the exposed patients and 34% of the unexposed ones, p < 0.01). Further research is needed to explain its pathophysiological mechanisms.