Extravert Surgical Resident Applicants Get Higher 360-Degree Evaluations From Coworkers.

INTRODUCTION: 360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position. METHODS: Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality. RESULTS: Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found. CONCLUSIONS: Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment.

O florir da violeta: um estudo de caso em avaliação terapêutica / The flowering of violet: a case study in therapeutic assessment / La flor de la violeta: un estudio de caso en evaluación terapéutica

A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)

The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)

La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

A psicopatia e o criminoso nato: a modernização do positivismo criminológico / Psychopathy and the born criminal: the modernization of criminological positivism / Psicopatía y el criminal nato: la modernización del positivismo criminológico

O conceito de psicopatia é habitualmente associado a uma psicopatologia caracterizada pela falta de empatia, manipulação, agressividade, impulsividade, egocentrismo, crueldade e criminalidade. Já amplamente aceito pela comunidade científica, o conceito costuma ser utilizado em contextos jurídico-penais na validação de seu funcionamento punitivo. Dentre as concepções que alicerçaram o surgimento histórico desse conceito, destaca-se o papel do criminoso nato de Lombroso. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou evidenciar como o conceito contemporâneo de psicopatia se firma enquanto modernização das concepções lombrosianas acerca do criminoso nato. Para isso, nos apoiamos na psicopatolologia para realizar um estudo comparativo entre as produções de Lombroso e as pesquisas contemporâneas acerca da psicopatia. Dentre as principais similaridades, destacamos a ênfase atribuída à suposta natureza criminal, etiologicamente decorrente de sua configuração orgânica. No mais, tais concepções também se assemelham no destaque de um déficit afetivo e moral, assim como na descrição da tendência a ser canhoto, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente à dor, narcisista, impulsivo, promíscuo, cruel, maléfico e inapto ao trabalho. Assim como fez Lombroso, as pesquisas acerca da psicopatia costumam ser realizadas com sujeitos já previamente criminalizados; condicionando uma seletividade étnico-racial e de classe. Descritos como sujeitos perigosos, incuráveis e intratáveis, ambas as concepções promovem a defesa do acirramento da punição jurídico-penal. Concluímos que a criminalidade nata de Lombroso continua a ser expressa no conceito de psicopatia, visto que as funções jurídico-penais e socioeconômicas de sua definição exercem o mesmo papel na legitimação científica da violência de Estado, encarceramento em massa e racismo estrutural.(AU)

Psychopathy is usually associated with a psychopathology characterized by a lack of empathy, manipulation, aggressiveness, impulsivity, egocentrism, cruelty, and criminality. Widely accepted by the scientific community, this concept is often used in legal and criminal contexts to validate its punitive functioning. Among the conceptions that underpinned the historical emergence of psychopathy, Lombroso's born criminal stands out. Hence, this study analyzes how the contemporary concept of psychopathy updates Lombrosian conceptions about the born criminal. To do so, we rely on psychopathology to conduct a comparative study between Lombroso's work and contemporary research on psychopathy. Among the main similarities, we highlight the emphasis given to the supposed criminal nature, etiologically arising from its organic configuration. Moreover, such conceptions emphasize an affective and moral deficit, and describe a tendency toward left-handedness, selfishness, lying, pain-resistance, narcissism, impulsivity, promiscuousness, cruelty, maliciousness and unfitness for work. As did Lombroso, research on psychopathy is usually conducted with individuals who have already been criminalized, conditioning an ethnic-racial and class selectivity. By describing these subjects as dangerous, incurable and intractable, both conceptions advocate for increased legal and penal punishment. In conclusion, Lombroso's natural criminality continues to underpin the concept of psychopathy, since its legal-criminal and socioeconomic functions play the same role in scientifically legitimizing state violence, mass incarceration, and structural racism.(AU)

La psicopatía es un concepto generalmente asociado a una psicopatología que se caracteriza por la falta de empatía, la manipulación, agresividad, impulsividad, egocentrismo, crueldad y criminalidad. Ya ampliamente aceptado por la comunidad científica, este concepto se utiliza a menudo en contextos legales para validar su funcionamiento punitivo. Entre los conceptos que fundamentaron el surgimiento histórico de este concepto, destaca el papel del criminal nato de Lombroso. En este contexto, este estudio buscó mostrar cómo el concepto contemporáneo de psicopatía se establece como la modernización de las concepciones lombrosianas sobre el criminal nato. Para eso, se utiliza la psicopatología para realizar un estudio comparativo entre las producciones de Lombroso y la investigación contemporánea sobre psicopatía. Entre las principales similitudes, destaca el énfasis atribuido a su supuesta naturaleza criminal, resultado etiológico de su configuración orgánica. Además, estas concepciones también son similares al resaltar un déficit afectivo y moral, así como al describir la tendencia a ser zurdo, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente al dolor, narcisista, impulsivo, promiscuo, cruel, malévolo e inadecuado para el trabajo. Como hizo Lombroso, los estudios sobre psicopatía se suelen realizar con sujetos que ya han sido criminalizados; condicionando una selectividad étnica, racial y de clase. Calificados como sujetos peligrosos, incurables e intratables, ambas concepciones promueven la defensa del aumento de la pena legal. Se concluye que la criminalidad nata de Lombroso continúa expresándose en el concepto de psicopatía, ya que las funciones penales y socioeconómicas de su definición juegan el mismo papel en la legitimación científica de la violencia estatal, encarcelamiento masivo y racismo estructural.(AU)

A coisa em psicanálise e o objeto no lísis de Platão / The thing in psychoanalysis and object in Plato's lysis / La cosa en psicoanálisis y el objeto en lisis de Platón

Este artigo propõe o estudo sobre o conceito de outro como semelhante e como objeto. Partindo de textos que interpelam a alteridade na psicanálise e remetendo aos temas do complexo semelhante, da satisfação, da perda, do luto, da negativa, da repetição; avalia o conceito de outro articulando textos de diversos autores. A partir da psicanálise freudiana, estuda o das Ding e a negação, discriminando com estes termos um objeto estruturante na origem do psiquismo. Aborda textos técnicos da psicanálise para delimitar o tema da repetição. Também a recordação e a repetição são vinculadas ao objeto e estudadas na perspectiva da filosofia moderna. São retomados temas do diálogo platônicos para definir o lugar do erótico e da amizade. No fim do presente artigo, propomos o termo clássico grego Oikos com valor equivalente ao da Coisa freudiana e como esta aparece em escritos psicanalíticos.(AU)

This article studies the concept of other as similar and object. It is based on texts that question the alterity in psychoanalysis and refers to the themes of otherness complex, loss, grief, negative, repetition, and evaluates the concept of other, using articles of diverse authors. Based on Freudian psychoanalysis, it studies the Thing and the denial and discriminates a structuring object in the origin of psychism. It approaches technical texts of psychoanalysis to delimitate the theme of repetition. The recordation and repetition are also linked to the object and studied from the perspective of modern philosophy. Themes of the platonic dialogues are resumed to define the place of the erotic and the friendship. In the end of the article, we propose the greek classic term Oikos, with equal value to the Freudian Thing, as this one appears in psychoanalytic writings.(AU)

Este artículo estudia el concepto Otro como semejante y como objeto. A partir de textos que interpelan la alteridad en psicoanálisis y que se refieren a temas del complejo semejante, de la satisfacción, de la pérdida, del duelo, de la negación, de la repetición, se evalúa el concepto de Otro articulando textos de diferentes autores. Basado en el psicoanálisis freudiano, se aborda Ding y la negación, discriminando con estos términos un objeto estructurante en el origen de lo psíquico. Se abordan textos técnicos del psicoanálisis para delimitar el tema de la repetición; el recuerdo y la repetición son vinculadas al objeto y estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía moderna; y se retoman temas de los diálogos platónicos para definir el lugar de lo erótico y la amistad. Al culminar este artículo se propone leer el término griego clásico Oikos con un valor equivalente al de la Cosa freudiana como aparece en los escritos psicoanalíticos.(AU)

Fatores de personalidade e aspectos de saúde em idosos: um estudo longitudinal / Personality factors and health aspects in older adults: a longitudinal study / Factores de personalidad y aspectos de salud en adultos mayores: un estudio longitudinal

O Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade é uma teoria contemporânea que efetivamente auxilia no entendimento das características da personalidade de um indivíduo. Portanto, o presente estudo procurou comparar os cinco grandes fatores de personalidade (neuroticismo, consciência, abertura à experiência, concordância e extroversão) dos idosos antes e depois de um intervalo de quatro anos e identificar o efeito preditivo desses fatores nas variáveis de saúde. Este é um estudo quantitativo e longitudinal. A amostra foi constituída por 60 idosos com idade média de 73,17 anos (DP = 5,99). Os seguintes instrumentos foram aplicados: 1) Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e Clínicos e 2) Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). As principais descobertas revelaram mudanças significativas nos escores de três fatores de personalidade ao longo de quatro anos: extroversão, consciência e aceitação. Nesse contexto, a variável tempo influenciou significativamente os fatores de personalidade.

The Big Five Personality Factors Model is a contemporary theory that effectively assists in understanding an individual's personality features. Therefore, the present study sought to compare the older adults' big five personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion) before and after a four-year interval and to identify the predictive effect of these factors on health variables. This is a quantitative and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 60 older adults with a mean age of 73.17 years (SD = 5.99). The following instruments were applied: 1) Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Questionnaire; and 2) Personality Factorial Battery (PFB). The main findings revealed significant changes in the scores of three personality factors over four years: extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In this context, the time variable had a significant influence on personality factors.

El Gran Modelo de los Cinco Factores de la Personalidad es la teoría contemporánea que efectivamente ayuda a comprender las características de la personalidad de un individuo. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio buscó comparar los cinco grandes factores de personalidad (neuroticismo, conciencia, apertura a la experiencia, amabilidad y extraversión) de los adultos mayores antes y después de un intervalo de cuatro años e identificar el efecto predictivo de estos factores en las variables de salud. Este es un estudio cuantitativo y longitudinal. La muestra consistió en 60 adultos mayores con una edad media de 73.17 años (DE = 5.99). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: 1) Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos y Clínicos; y 2) Batería Factorial de Personalidad (BFP). Los principales hallazgos revelaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de tres factores de personalidad durante cuatro años: extraversión, conciencia y amabilidad. En este contexto, la variable tiempo tuvo una influencia significativa en los factores de personalidad

"All Hands on Deck": Psychological Characteristics of Women with Experience of Oncological Disease Participating in Sailing Cruise-A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: In addition to searching for effective methods of treatment, interventions are sought to support well-being, quality of life, mental health, and recovery. Sailing has its specific features, including task orientation, challenges, contact with people, and nature. This specificity may be treated as a potential therapeutic factor, but it is also likely that people with certain psychological characteristics are involved in it. Therefore, the study aimed to assess some psychological features of women with cancer experience who decided to take part in the Onco-Cruise (Polish: Onko-Rejs). METHODS: Participants were 56 women (M = 46.73; SD = 9.21). We used NEO-FFI, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. RESULTS: Onco-Cruises participants were characterized by a high level of extraversion (M = 32.48; SD = 7.02; sten score M = 7.21; Mo = 7), openness (M = 31.50; SD = 6.31; sten score M = 7.41; Mo = 8), low neuroticism (M = 21.62; SD = 9.33; sten score M = 4.96), predominance of present hedonistic (M = 12.55, SD = 1.46) and future time perspective (M = 11.39; SD = 2.67), and the internal health locus of control (M = 23.25, SD = 5.43). CONCLUSION: Group sailing can be favorable for broadly understood health and cancer recovery, but people who choose this activity have certain psychological predispositions, especially indicating high needs for stimulation. Permanent features should be taken into account when proposing various interventions for oncology patients to best suit them to their natural possibilities and preferences and, thus, make them most effective.

Personality Traits and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Use of E-Cigarettes, Waterpipe and Conventional Cigarettes among Medical University Students.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of smokers in a private medical university in Malaysia and to examine whether there is an association between personality traits and various smoking types. There were 468 participants in this study and the mean age was 20.97 years (±2.743). The prevalence of conventical cigarette users, e-cigarette users, and water pipe users was 4.7%, 6.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. Parents' annual income (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the current smoker group. Binary logistic regression modelling revealed that study participants with either Malay (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.73, 10.34) or Chinese (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.98, 8.73) ethnicity were approximately four times more likely to use tobacco products compared with study participants with Indian and Other ethnicities. Lower parents' annual income was almost four times more likely to be associated with smoking behaviour (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.58, 9.27). Significant differences in mean personality traits score of Openness (p = 0.018) and Extraversion (p = 0.004) were observed between never-smoker and current smoker study participants. In addition, cigarette users scored higher in Conscientiousness personality traits compared with non-cigarette whereas e-cigarette users and waterpipe users scored lower in Extraversion (p = 0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the never-smoker group scored higher in Extraversion compared with the dual tobacco user group (p = 0.03). In addition, the single tobacco user group scored higher in Agreeableness personality trait compared with the never-smoker group (p = 0.01). Deeper understanding of the different cognitive dimensions, ethnicities, and educational backgrounds can potentially impact smoking prevention and cessation programs.

Influence of personality traits on a patient's decision to accept orthognathic surgery for correction of dentofacial deformity.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of personality traits in addition to quality of life (QoL) on the decision to accept orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 patients (68% female) aged 14-53 years (median, 18 years; interquartile range, 17-25.75 years), with skeletal malocclusions of Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need grades 3-5 (moderate to very great need for surgery) were included in this cross-sectional study. Personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, consciousness, perfectionism, and self-esteem and dimensions of Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire were compared between patients who accepted orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery and those who refused (n = 55 vs 53). RESULTS: Patients who accepted the suggested surgical procedure had higher age, perfectionism, facial esthetic (FE) concern, social aspect, and impairment of oral function (OF) as well as lower self-esteem with small to medium effect sizes (P ≤ .040; r = 0.198-0.399). Other personality traits and awareness of dentofacial deformity did not differ between the groups. In multiple logistic regression analysis, while controlling for sex, perfectionism, and self-esteem, the following predictors of acceptance of orthognathic surgery were higher: FE concern (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-9.1), OF (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.6), and age ≥18 years (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness do not significantly affect a patient's decision to accept orthognathic surgery. The influence of self-esteem and perfectionism is primarily on perception of alteration of QoL induced by dentofacial deformity.

Does Personality Matter? Perceptions and Experiences of Introverts and Extraverts as General Surgeons.

PHENOMENON: Medical educators increasingly recognize both the challenges introverts, compared to extraverts, may face in medical training and the unique strengths they bring to practice. However, few researchers have examined in-depth how introverts and extraverts truly experience training and practice, particularly in specialties like surgery that tend to value qualities (e.g., dominance and assertiveness) typically associated with extraverts. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of individuals with both personalities within the field of general surgery. APPROACH: Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, six general surgeons and 10 general surgery residents who identified as introverted, extraverted, or ambiverted were recruited from two Canadian tertiary care hospitals to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively, and data were analyzed using open, selective, and thematic coding. Constant comparison allowed us to make sense of the similar and dissimilar views that emerged from each interview. FINDINGS: Irrespective of their personalities, participants voiced two general patterns of responses. Some participants believed that "personality doesn't matter": that both introverted and extraverted practice styles were equally viable and neither introverts nor extraverts would find surgical training more challenging than the other (culture of equality). However, others believed that "personality matters," emphasizing that surgeons should be dominant and aggressive leaders. Only those who believed "personality matters" felt that introverts sometimes needed to act more extraverted in order to succeed in surgical training (culture of hierarchy). Similar numbers of introverts and extraverts adhered to each viewpoint. INSIGHTS: Our qualitative approach allowed us to draw meaning from the complex subjective experiences of our research participants. Our findings suggest that two competing cultures (equality and hierarchy) co-exist within the field of surgery and that trainees, depending on which culture they adhere most to, will or will not "adapt" their personalities to the workplace. These findings deepen our understanding of the nuances of surgical culture and have important implications for how we select candidates based on personality.

Infant Temperament: Association with Maternal Depression Symptoms in Pregnancy and Postpartum / Temperamento Infantil: Associação com Sintomas Depressivos Maternos na Gestação e no Pós-Parto / Temperamento Infantil: Asociación con Síntomas Depresivos Maternos en el Embarazo y el Posparto

Abstract Research regarding the association between child temperament and maternal symptoms of depression remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the temperament of babies during their first year of life in relation to their mother's depression symptoms in pregnancy and/or postpartum. The study also identified risk factors for negative affectivity, extraversion, and effortful control. Fifty-four mother-infant dyads participated in the study, divided according to maternal depression symptoms into four groups: symptoms during pregnancy, postpartum, at both times, and without symptoms. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and Infant Behavior Questionnaire were used. Children of mothers with depression symptoms had higher negative affectivity scores, activity levels, and lower effortful control scores. The prediction analysis revealed that negative affectivity and effortful control were explained by maternal postpartum depression symptoms, indicating that caring for the mother in her adaptation to motherhood can prevent impairment to infant temperament.

Resumo As pesquisas ainda são inconclusivas quanto à associação entre temperamento da criança e sintomas depressivos maternos. Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o temperamento de bebês durante o primeiro ano de vida, diferenciando-os quanto à presença de sintomas depressivos maternos na gestação e/ou pós-parto e identificar fatores de risco para afeto negativo, extroversão e controle com esforço. Participaram 54 díades mãe-bebê, divididas quanto aos sintomas depressivos maternos em quatro grupos: sintomas na gestação, no pós-parto, nos dois momentos e sem sintomas depressivos. Utilizou-se a escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo e Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Filhos de mães com sintomas depressivos obtiveram maiores escores de afeto negativo, nível de atividade e menor escore de controle com esforço. Na análise de predição, o afeto negativo e controle com esforço foram explicados pelos sintomas depressivos maternos pós-parto, sinalizando que cuidar da mãe, em sua adaptação à maternidade, pode evitar prejuízos ao temperamento infantil.

Resumén Las investigaciónes no son concluyentes con respecto a la asociación entre temperamento infantil y síntomas depresivos maternos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el temperamento de bebés durante el primer año de vida, diferenciándolos en cuanto a la presencia de síntomas depresivos maternos en el embarazo y/o el posparto y identificando factores de riesgo para afecto negativo, extroversión y control con esfuerzo. Participaron 54 díadas madre-bebé, divididas en cuatro grupos: síntomas depresivos maternos gestacionales, posparto, en los dos momentos y sin síntomas depresivos. Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo y el Cuestionario de Comportamiento Infantil. Hijos de madres con síntomas depresivos tenían puntajes más altos de afecto negativo, nivel de actividad y más bajos de control con esfuerzo. En el análisis de predicción, síntomas depresivos maternos posparto explicaron afecto negativo y control con esfuerzo, señalizando que cuidar de la adaptación de la madre a la maternidad, puede prevenir daños al temperamento infantil.

[Study of personality and anxiety in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease]. / Estudio de personalidad y ansiedad en niños y adolescentes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the presence of common personality traits and anxiety states in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Longitudinal, prospecti ve, and analytical study by applying the questionnaires Children's Personality Questionnaire, High School Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and State-Trait Anxie ty Inventory for patients with IBD aged between 9 and 18 years seen at reference IBD units in Ara gon, Spain. The participants excluded were those with active disease, defined as a score > 10 on the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI Score) or > 10 on the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI Score). RESULTS: Twenty-six patients participated (73% male). 61.5% pre sented Crohn's disease (CD) and 38.5% ulcerative colitis (UC). No patient presented active disease. The personality profile as a group was characterized by being open, emotionally stable, calm, sober, sensible, enterprising, impressionable, dependent, serene, perfectionist, and relaxed. 50% of the CD patients were enterprising versus no UC patients (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant di fferences when comparing the remaining personality factors based on IBD type, age, or sex. Patients with CD tended to be calmer (p = 0.0511) and patients with UC more introverted (p = 0.0549). The sample presented a state anxiety level (A/E) -1.1 ± 0.8 SD compared with the population average. The level of anxiety as a feature (A/R) was -0.6 ± 1 SD. Males had significantly lower levels than females in the case of A/E (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of common personality traits in the pediatric population with IBD stands out but there was no greater anxiety than in the reference population.

Do neuroticism and extraversion personality traits influence disease-specific risk factors for mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease in a Japanese population?

OBJECTIVE: Although many reports discussing the associations between personality traits and mortality have been published internationally, those evaluating the relationships among personality, risk factors, and mortality of cancer and CVD are limited. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the relationship of neuroticism and extraversion traits with mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 11,554 Japanese residents (male, n = 4995; female, n = 6559), and whether the risk factors that have been validated in the Japanese population mediated the relationship. The baseline survey was conducted between February 2004 and August 2007, and the participants were followed until the date of death or December 31, 2013. RESULTS: Neuroticism was positively associated with risk factors for cancer and negatively associated with the risk score for CVD in both sexes. The relationship between extraversion and cancer risk factors differed depending on the factors, and a positive association between extraversion and the CVD risk score was observed only in men. Among cancer mortality, CVD mortality, and mortality due to other causes, cancer mortality showed remarkably negative association with neuroticism in women; unadjusted hazard ratio for the highest tertile versus the lowest tertile was 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.73). While the logistic regression coefficients changed 19% after adjustment for age, it changed no more than 19% after adjustment for age and risk factors. CONCLUSION: While neuroticism was negatively associated with cancer mortality in women, the mediating effect of the risk factors was small.

Personality Traits and Marital Adjustment: Interaction between Intra and Interpersonal Aspects / Traços de Personalidade e Ajustamento Conjugal: Interação entre Aspectos Intra e Interpessoais / Rasgos de Personalidad y Ajuste Conyugal: Interacción entre los Aspectos Intra e Interpersonales

Abstract Personality characteristics have been evaluated due to the reflexes that they provoke in the conjugal satisfaction and adjustment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the actor-partner effects of personality traits on the conjugal adjustment of heterosexual couples. The study, quantitative and explanatory, evaluated 231 couples from different cities of Rio Grande do Sul. Respondents completed the Socio-demographic questionnaire, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Personality Adjectives Marker scale. The data was analyzed using the Latent Traits Model. The results indicate that socialization, neuroticism and achievement factors have an effect on the marital adjustment of husbands and wives. There is a partner effect on the wives' neuroticism factor and on the husbands' achievement factor. The extroversion and openness factors do not provoke actor-partner effects on the adjustment of the couples. The results are discussed in the light of other studies and research agendas are suggested.

Resumo As características de personalidade têm sido avaliadas devido aos reflexos que provocam na satisfação e no ajustamento conjugal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos ator-parceiro dos traços de personalidade sobre o ajustamento conjugal de casais heterossexuais. O estudo, quantitativo e explicativo, avaliou 231 casais provenientes de diferentes cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Os respondentes preencheram questionário sócio demográfico, o Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale e a escala de Adjetivos Marcadores da Personalidade. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Modelo de Traços Latentes. Os resultados indicam que os fatores socialização, neuroticismo e realização provocam efeito ator sobre o ajustamento conjugal de maridos e esposas. Ocorre efeito parceiro no fator neuroticismo das esposas e no fator realização dos maridos. Os fatores extroversão e abertura não provocam efeitos ator-parceiro sobre o ajustamento dos casais. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de outros estudos e agendas de pesquisa são sugeridas.

Resumen Las características de la personalidad se han evaluado debido a los reflejos en la satisfacción y ajuste marital. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos actor-pareja de los rasgos de personalidad en el ajuste marital de las parejas heterosexuales. El estudio, cuantitativo y explicativo, evaluó 231 parejas de diferentes ciudades del Rio Grande do Sul. Los entrevistados completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale y la escala de Adjetivos Marcadores de la Personalidad. Los datos fueron analizados por el Modelo de Rasgos Latentes. Los resultados indicaron que los fatores socialización, neuroticismo y realización tuvieran un efecto en el ajuste marital de los maridos y las esposas. El neuroticismo de las esposas y el factor de realización de los maridos tuvieran un efecto en la pareja. Los factores extroversión y apertura no provocaron efectos de actor-pareja en el ajuste marital de las parejas. Los resultados se examinan a la luz de otros estudios y se sugieren agendas de investigación.

Indecisão e maturidade vocacional, autoeficácia e personalidade em adolescentes com e sem superdotação / Vocational and maturity indecision, self-efficacy, and personality in gifted and non-gifted adolescents / Indecisión y madurez vocacional, autoeficacia y personalidad en adolescentes superdotados y no superdotados

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características sociodemográficas, nível de indecisão vocacional (EIV), autoeficácia geral percebida (EAGP), personalidade (BFP) e maturidade para a escolha profissional (EMEP) de adolescentes com e sem superdotação. A amostra foi composta por 31 adolescentes com idade média de 16,29 anos (DP = 1,21), 12 com superdotação e 19 sem superdotação. Os superdotados foram recrutados em um Núcleo Estadual de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação e os sem superdotação em uma escola particular. Os dois grupos de adolescentes responderam os mesmos instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, EMEP, EIV, BFP e EAGP. Os sem superdotação apresentaram menores níveis de autoeficácia (EAGP) e maiores níveis de neuroticismo (BFP) e responsabilidade (EMEP). Já os adolescentes com superdotação obtiveram maiores níveis de realização (BFP), autoeficácia (EAGP), determinação (EMEP), extroversão e abertura (BFP) e autoconhecimento (EMEP). Os resultados contribuem para que orientadores profissionais e de carreira desenhem intervenções mais assertivas para adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

The aim of the study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, level of vocational indecision (EIV), perceived general self-efficacy (EAGP), personality (BFP) and maturity for professional choice (EMEP), of adolescents with and without giftedness. The sample consisted of 31 adolescents with a mean age of 16.29 years (SD = 1.21), 12 with giftedness and 19 without. The gifted students were recruited from a State Center for High Skills/Giftedness and the non-gifted students from a private school. The two groups of adolescents answered the same instruments, including a sociodemographic data form, the EMEP, EIV, BFP and EAGP. The non-gifted students presented lower levels of self-efficacy (EAGP) and higher levels of neuroticism (BFP) and responsibility (EMEP). The gifted adolescents presented higher levels of achievement (BFP), self-efficacy (EAGP), determination (EMEP), extraversion and openness (BFP), and self-knowledge (EMEP). The results can help professional and career counselors to design more assertive actions for gifted adolescents. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características sociodemográficas, nivel de indecisión vocacional (EIV), autoeficacia general percibida (EAGP), personalidad (BFP) y madurez para la elección profesional (EMEP), de adolescentes con y sin superdotación. La muestra se compuso por 31 adolescentes con una edad media de 16,29 años (DS = 1,21), 12 con superdotación y 19 sin superdotación. Los superdotados fueron reclutados de un Centro Estatal de Altas Habilidades/Superdotación y aquellos sin superdotación de una escuela privada. Los dos grupos de adolescentes respondieron los mismos instrumentos: ficha sociodemográfica, EMEP, EIV, BFP y EAGP. Los niveles más bajos de autoeficacia (EAGP) y niveles más altos de neuroticismo (BFP) y responsabilidad (EMEP). Los adolescentes superdotados, por su parte, tenían niveles más altos de logro (BFP), autoeficacia (EAGP), determinación (EMEP), extraversión y apertura (BFP) y autoconocimiento (EMEP). Los resultados ayudan a los consejeros profesionales y de carrera a diseñar acciones más asertivas para los adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings. METHODS: Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers. RESULTS: In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings. DISCUSSION: Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020176830.

Demographic, personality, and social cognition correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence in a U.S. sample.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined patterns and psychosocial correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial 15-day period advocated by the White House Coronavirus Task Force. METHOD: Descriptive and correlational analyses were used to examine the frequency of past 7-day adherence to each of 10 guidelines, as well as overall adherence. Guided by a disposition-belief-motivation model of health behavior, path analyses tested associations of personality traits and demographic factors to overall adherence via perceived norms, perceived control, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to guideline adherence, as well as perceived exposure risk and perceived health consequence if exposed. RESULTS: Adherence ranged from 94.4% reporting always avoiding eating/drinking inside bars/restaurants/food courts to 13.6% reporting always avoiding touching one's face. Modeling showed total associations with overall adherence for greater conscientiousness (ß = .191, p < .001), openness (ß = .098, p < .05), perceptions of social endorsement (ß = .202, p < .001), positive attitudes (ß = .105, p < .05), self-efficacy (ß = .234, p < .001), and the presence versus absence or uncertainty of a shelter-in-place order (ß = .102, p < .01). Age, self-rated health, sex, education, income, children in the household, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, perceived exposure risk, and perceived health consequence showed null-to-negligible associations with overall adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The results clarify adherence frequency, highlight characteristics associated with greater adherence, and suggest the need to strengthen the social contract between government and citizenry by clearly communicating adherence benefits, costs, and timelines. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures?

Abstract Introduction In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably occurred in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Containment measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene were recommended. In this study, we start from the hypothesis that engaging with containment measures in a pandemic situation should be more comfortable for some people than for other people. Thus, individual differences should be associated with engagement with containment measures. Objective To investigate to what extent two personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness, are associated with engagement with two containment measures (social distancing and handwashing). Methods The sample consisted of 715 Brazilian adults aged 18-78 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and factors from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Results Higher scores for extroversion were associated with lower means for social distancing (p < 0.001) and higher scores for conscientiousness were associated with higher means for social distancing and handwashing (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate the importance of acknowledging extroversion and conscientiousness traits as relevant to people's engagement with the measures recommended for COVID-19 containment.

Association of Socioeconomic, Personality, and Mental Health Factors With Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Facial Palsy.

Importance: Knowledge of factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with facial palsy may aid in better interpreting outcomes of research and treatment. Objective: To identify factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with facial palsy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The inclusion period for participants in this cross-sectional study at the University Medical Center Groningen, a tertiary referral center for facial reanimation surgery, was March 1 to June 1, 2019. Patients aged at least 18 years with facial palsy who had undergone surgery for facial palsy between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2018, and patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the University of Groningen Department of Plastic Surgery for their facial palsy between March 1 and June 1, 2019, were also asked to participate. Of 276 patients invited, 145 gave informed consent. Twenty patients did not respond after consent, 3 patients withdrew from the study, and 1 patient was wrongly included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Health-related quality of life was measured using the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale and the Facial Disability Index (physical score and social score). Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System. Other variables were investigated using validated questionnaires, including the Duke University Religion Index, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multivariable linear regression analyses with stepwise backward selection were performed to identify associations with health-related quality of life. Because 44 Sunnybrook composite scores were missing, a sensitivity analysis was performed that excluded the Sunnybrook composite scores from the multivariable analysis. Results: In total, 121 patients with facial palsy were included; their median age was 62 years (interquartile range, 48-71 years), and 63 (52%) were women. Sunnybrook composite score (ß = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5), extraversion (ß = 2.6; 95% CI, 0.4-4.8), and anxiety (ß = -2.4; 95% CI, -4.1 to -0.8) were associated with the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale total score (R2 = 0.380; 95% CI, 0.212-0.548). The Sunnybrook composite score was associated with the Facial Disability Index physical score (ß = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4) (R2 = 0.084; 95% CI, -0.037 to 0.205). Bilateral facial palsy (ß = -21.2; 95% CI, -32.3 to -10.1), extraversion (ß = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-4.1), conscientiousness (ß = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.2-5.2), emotional stability (ß = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7-4.8), and depression (ß = -1.3; 95% CI, -2.5 to -0.1) were associated with the Facial Disability Index social score (R2 = 0.400; 95% CI, 0.262-0.538). In the sensitivity analysis, the Sunnybrook composite score was associated with age (Spearman ρ = -0.252). Conclusions and Relevance: Bilateral facial palsy, age, severity of facial palsy, mental distress, and personality traits should be taken into account in future research and treatment of patients with facial palsy.

Examining the relationship between changes in personality and depression in older adult cancer survivors.

Objectives: Despite widespread agreement that personality traits change across the lifespan into older adulthood, the association between changes in personality and depression among older adult cancer survivors is unknown. It was hypothesized that older adults with (vs. without) a past cancer diagnosis would experience an increase in neuroticism, and decreases in conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion, and that changes in these traits would mediate the relationship between receiving a cancer diagnosis and change in depression. Two hypotheses were tested in a cancer survivor sample. First, that increased chronic stressors and decreased physical health would mediate the link between personality change and increased depression. Second, that personality change would mediate the link between changes in chronic stressors/health and increased depression.Method: Secondary data analysis utilizing three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. Data was compiled from 5,217 participants, among whom 707 received a cancer diagnosis.Results: Older adults with (vs. without) a cancer diagnosis decreased in conscientiousness, which was associated with increased depression. Among cancer survivors, worsening chronic stressors/health mediated many pathways between personality change and an increased depression. Increased neuroticism mediated the link between worsening health/chronic stressors and increased depression.Conclusion: With the exception of conscientiousness, changes in personality did not mediate the link between cancer survivor status and depression. Among older adult cancer survivors, changes in personality traits may increase depression through worsening physical health and chronic stressors, potentially informing targeted interventions. Interventions that target increased neuroticism may be particularly useful in older adult cancer survivors.