Contemporary educational and behavior change strategies improve dietary practices around a match in professional soccer players.

BACKGROUND: The importance of nutrition in optimizing the health and performance of professional soccer players has been well established. Despite published practical recommendations for the dietary requirements for professional soccer players, many players fail to meet these guidelines. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the impact of targeted nutritional education and behavior change interventions on dietary intake in professional football players. Additionally, previous research within this population has reported elevations in resting metabolic rate (RMR) following match-play. Therefore, a further aim of this study was to examine whether any changes in dietary intake would influence RMR following match-play. METHODS: Twenty players from the professional development phase in an English Premier League club (age: 18.4 ± 1.0 years; body mass: 76.1 ± 6.0 kg; stature: 1.80 ± 0.07 m) were randomly assigned to an "Intervention" (INT) group (n = 10), who received numerous nutritional education and behavior change interventions, or a "Control" (CON) group (n = 10), who received no nutrition support. Dietary intake was assessed daily throughout the match-week (Match Day (MD)-2, MD-1, MD, MD + 1, and MD + 2), whilst RMR was assessed on MD-1, MD + 1, and MD + 2. Statistical analyses on the intervention effects on dietary intake and RMR were carried out using a two factor (group and day) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a subsequent Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: Mean energy (3393 ± 852 vs. 2572 ± 577 kcal · day-1) and CHO (5.36 ± 1.9 vs. 3.47 ± 1.1 g · kg-1 BW · day-1) intake was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the INT vs. CON group. Furthermore, the INT group implemented nutrition periodization practices as CHO intake was significantly increased on MD-1 (7.0 ± 1.7 g · kg-1 BM · day-1), MD (7.1 ± 1.4 g · kg-1 BM · day-1) and MD + 1 (5.1 ± 0.8 g · kg-1 BM · day-1). However, the CON group did not periodize their CHO intake and failed to meet the CHO recommendations on MD-1, MD, and MD + 1 (<4 g · kg-1 BM · day-1). Compared to MD-1, the RMR increased on MD + 1 and MD + 2 in both groups, although it was only statistically significant for the INT group (MD + 1 = +243 kcal · day-1; MD + 2 = +179 kcal · day-1). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of targeted nutritional education and behavior change interventions resulted in improved dietary practices in professional football players and enabled better adherence to recommended guidelines. However, despite this, RMR was still elevated in the 24-48 h following match play. Thus, in order to optimize recovery, this finding further reinforces the need for professional football players to adopt strategies to meet energy, and particularly CHO, requirements in the acute period following a match in order to account for this increase in energy requirement.

Skimmed, Lactose-Free Milk Ingestion Postexercise: Rehydration Effectiveness and Gastrointestinal Disturbances Versus Water and a Sports Drink in Physically Active People.

Postexercise hydration is fundamental to replace fluid loss from sweat. This study evaluated rehydration and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms for each of three beverages: water (W), sports drink (SD), and skimmed, lactose-free milk (SLM) after moderate-intensity cycling in the heat. Sixteen college students completed three exercise sessions each to lose ≈2% of their body mass. They drank 150% of body mass loss of the drink assigned in randomized order; net fluid balance, diuresis, and GI symptoms were measured and followed up for 3 hr after completion of fluid intake. SLM showed higher fluid retention (∼69%) versus W (∼40%; p < .001); SD (∼56%) was not different from SLM or W (p > .05). Net fluid balance was higher for SLM (-0.26 kg) and SD (-0.42 kg) than W (-0.67 kg) after 3 hr (p < .001), resulting from a significantly lower diuresis with SLM. Reported GI disturbances were mild and showed no difference among drinks (p > .05) despite ingestion of W (1,992 ± 425 ml), SD (1,999 ± 429 ml), and SLM (1,993 ± 426 ml) in 90 min. In conclusion, SLM was more effective than W for postexercise rehydration, showing greater fluid retention for the 3-hr follow-up and presenting with low-intensity GI symptoms similar to those with W and SD. These results confirm that SLM is an effective option for hydration after exercise in the heat.

Omega-3 Status Evaluation in Australian Female Rugby League Athletes: Ad Libitum Fish Oil Provision Results in a Varied Omega-3 Index.

Optimal omega-3 status, influenced by increased intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is vital for physiological health. This study investigated the impact of ad libitum fish oil supplementation on the omega-3 status of female athletes in a professional rugby league team during a competitive season. Twenty-four (n = 24) athletes participated, and their omega-3 status was assessed using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) and arachidonic acid (AA) to EPA ratio through finger-prick blood samples taken at the start and end of the season. They were given access to a fish oil supplement (PILLAR Performance, Australia) with a recommended daily dose of four capsules per day (2,160 mg EPA and 1,440 mg docosahexaenoic acid). At the beginning of the season, the group mean O3I was 4.77% (95% confidence interval [CI: 4.50, 5.04]) and the AA to EPA ratio was 14.89 (95% CI [13.22, 16.55]). None of the athletes had an O3I exceeding 8%. By the season's end, the O3I was a significantly increased to 7.28% (95% CI [6.64, 7.93], p < .0001) and AA to EPA ratio significantly decreased to a mean of 6.67 (95% CI [5.02, 8.31], p < .0001), driven primarily by the significant increase in EPA of +1.14% (95% CI [0.77, 1.51], p < .0001). However, these changes were varied between the athletes and most likely due to compliance. This study has demonstrated that using the objective O3I feedback scale is possible with elite female rugby athletes, but individual strategies will be required to achieve daily intake targets of EPA + DHA.

Iterative assessment of a sports rehydration beverage containing a novel amino acid formula on water uptake kinetics.

PURPOSE: Rapid gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of beverages is essential for rapid rehydration, and certain amino acids (AA) may augment fluid delivery. Three sugar-free beverages, containing differing AA concentrations (AA + PZ), were assessed for fluid absorption kinetics against commercial sugar-free (PZ, GZ) and carbohydrate-containing (GTQ) beverages. METHODS: Healthy individuals (n = 15-17 per study) completed three randomised trials. Three beverages (550-600 mL) were ingested in each study (Study 1: AA + PZ [17.51 g/L AA], PZ, GZ; Study 2: AA + PZ [6.96 g/L AA], PZ, GZ; Study 3: AA + PZ [3.48 g/L AA], PZ, GTQ), containing 3.000 g deuterium oxide (D2O). Blood samples were collected pre-, 2-min, 5-min, and every 5-min until 60-min post-ingestion to quantify maximal D2O enrichment (Cmax), time Cmax occurred (Tmax) and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Study 1: AUC (AA + PZ: 15,184 ± 3532 δ‰ vs. VSMOW; PZ: 17,328 ± 3153 δ‰ vs. VSMOW; GZ: 17,749 ± 4204 δ‰ vs. VSMOW; P ≤ 0.006) and Tmax (P ≤ 0.005) were lower for AA + PZ vs. PZ/GZ. Study 2: D2O enrichment characteristics were not different amongst beverages (P ≥ 0.338). Study 3: Cmax (AA + PZ: 440 ± 94 δ‰ vs. VSMOW; PZ: 429 ± 83 δ‰ vs. VSMOW; GTQ: 398 ± 81 δ‰ vs. VSMOW) was greater (P = 0.046) for AA + PZ than GTQ, with no other differences (P ≥ 0.106). CONCLUSION: The addition of small amounts of AA (3.48 g/L) to a sugar-free beverage increased fluid delivery to the circulation compared to a carbohydrate-based beverage, but greater amounts (17.51 g/L) delayed delivery.

Research on athlete's aerobic and anaerobic exercise ability with balanced nutrition / Pesquisa sobre a capacidade de exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio do atleta com nutrição balanceada / Investigación sobre la capacidad de ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico de los atletas con una nutrición equilibrada

ABSTRACT Introduction: The need for a lactic acid cycle eliminates lactic acid produced during exercise. This process requires energy consumption. D-ribose supplementation can increase muscle cell energy, accelerate the synthesis of PRPP in the heart and skeletal muscle, and eliminate the pentose phosphate pathway in the low limit of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; it doubles the speed of ATP recovery, so supplementing ribose can improve exercise capacity and accelerate the elimination of lactic acid to improve recovery ability. Objective: Supplementing D-ribose can increase muscle cell energy and accelerate the regeneration of ATP in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. This experiment intends to explore the effects of anaerobic and aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise capacity and recovery ability after supplementing D-ribose granules by observing the changes in exercise tests before and after nutritional supplementation and recovery indicators after exercise. Methods: The thesis used a paired design to randomly divide 24 male amateur tennis players into two groups (12 in each group): physical training group (control group), physical training + nutrition D-ribose group (test group), and the D- The effect of ribose on the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity of amateur tennis players. Results: The observation indexes of the two groups before the test were not statistically significant (P>0.05); after the test for eight weeks, the aerobic capacity indexes of the test group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and also higher than those before the test (P<0.05)); The recovery of 3minHR and 5minHR of the experimental group after exercise was significantly faster than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Nutritional D-ribose supplementation can enhance the aerobic training effect of amateur tennis players, improve aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity, and accelerate heart rate recovery after exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A necessidade de um ciclo de ácido lático elimina o ácido lático produzido durante o exercício. Este processo requer consumo de energia. A suplementação com D-ribose pode aumentar a energia das células musculares, acelerar a síntese de PRPP no coração e no músculo esquelético e eliminar a via da pentose fosfato no limite inferior da atividade da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase; ele dobra a velocidade de recuperação de ATP, portanto, a suplementação de ribose pode melhorar a capacidade de exercício e acelerar a eliminação de ácido láctico para melhorar a capacidade de recuperação. Objetivo: A suplementação de D-ribose pode aumentar a energia das células musculares e acelerar a regeneração de ATP no miocárdio e músculo esquelético. Este experimento pretende explorar os efeitos do exercício anaeróbio e aeróbio e da capacidade de exercício anaeróbio e capacidade de recuperação após a suplementação de grânulos de D-ribose, observando as mudanças nos testes de exercício antes e após a suplementação nutricional e indicadores de recuperação após o exercício. Métodos: A tese utilizou um desenho pareado para dividir aleatoriamente 24 tenistas amadores do sexo masculino em dois grupos (12 em cada grupo): grupo de treinamento físico (grupo controle), grupo de treinamento físico + nutrição D-ribose (grupo de teste) e o grupo D - O efeito da ribose na capacidade de exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio de tenistas amadores. Resultados: Os índices de observação dos dois grupos antes do teste não foram estatisticamente significantes (P> 0,05); após o teste por oito semanas, os índices de capacidade aeróbia do grupo teste foram maiores do que os do grupo controle (P <0,05), e também maiores do que aqueles antes do teste (P <0,05); A recuperação de 3minHR e 5minHR do grupo experimental após o exercício foi significativamente mais rápida do que a do grupo controle (P <0,05). Conclusões: A suplementação nutricional de D-ribose pode aumentar o efeito do treinamento aeróbio de jogadores de tênis amadores, melhorar a capacidade de exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio e acelerar a recuperação da freqüência cardíaca após o exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física regular ayuda a mejorar las habilidades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares. Cómo evaluar la tensión nerviosa de los vasos cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares a través del deporte es un tema candente. Objetivo: El artículo analiza la influencia de la participación regular en deportes sobre la función cardiovascular de las personas y los indicadores relacionados con la sangre. Métodos: Seleccionamos a 30 adultos mayores sanos que participan regularmente en deportes, registramos sus cambios en el ECG, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y otros indicadores relacionados con la función cardiovascular, y analizamos la función sanguínea de los ancianos. Detección del recuento de glóbulos rojos (RBC), volumen de glóbulos rojos (MCV) y hemoglobina (Hb), creatinina sérica (Cr), glucosa en sangre (BGS), triglicéridos (TG), colesterol (TC), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y se mide la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Resultados: Los adultos mayores que persisten en el ejercicio durante mucho tiempo tienen mejores indicadores que los que no lo hacen. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico adecuado puede reducir la rigidez de los vasos sanguíneos en los ancianos. El ejercicio puede ayudar a los ancianos a aumentar la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y mejorar los indicadores sanguíneos y la masa corporal de la función nerviosa autónoma del corazón. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Isotonic sports drink promotes rehydration and decreases proteinuria following karate training / Suplemento hidroeletrolítico favorece reidratação e diminui proteinúria pós-treino em atletas karate

Abstract Introduction: Adequate hydration status in the sport is essential for good health, yet the relationship between hydration, proteinuria and sports is little studied. Objective: To analyze the influence of an isotonic sports drink as rehydration strategy on the hydration status and proteinuria after karate training. Methods: Ten athletes participated in this study. In the first session of standard training, called observation training session (STO), the athletes hydrated themselves according to their habits, and in the second session of standard training, called nutritional intervention training session (STIN), an ideal practice of hydration protocol was followed, using an isotonic sports drink as a rehydration liquid during the training. The hydration status was verified by monitoring the body weight before and after training, the urine specific gravity pre-and post-training and the urine volume post-training. To observe the influence of practice of hydration on the renal function post exercise proteinuria was measured. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in urine density between the samples pre- and post-exercise only on STIN (p = 0.047). When we compare the sessions, there was a lower variation in body weight (p = 0.011) and higher urinary volume (p < 0.001), on nutritional intervention training. In STO, there was a higher percentage of athletes who showed proteinuria (70%) compared to the STIN (50%) in the urine sample after training. Conclusion: The use of isotonic sports drink as practice of hydration by karate athletes promoted rehydration during one session of training and reduce post-training proteinuria.

Resumo Introdução: Um adequado estado de hidratação durante a atividade esportiva é essencial para a manutenção da boa saúde, porém a relação entre hidratação, proteinúria e esportes é pouco estudada. Objetivo: analisar a influência de suplemento hidroeletrolítico (bebida esportiva isotônica) como estratégia de reidratação sobre o estado de hidratação e proteinúria após treino de Karate. Métodos: Dez atletas participaram deste estudo. Na primeira sessão de treino padronizado, denominada sessão de treino de observação (STO), os atletas se reidrataram segundo seus hábitos; na segunda sessão de treino padronizado, denominada sessão de treino de intervenção nutricional (STIN), foi seguido um protocolo ideal de prática de hidratação, utilizando-se de suplemento hidroeletrolítico como líquido reidratante durante o treino. O estado de hidratação foi verificado pelo monitoramento do peso corporal antes e após o treino, pela gravidade específica da urina pré e pós-treino e pelo volume urinário pós-treino. De forma a observar a influência da prática de hidratação sobre a função renal, a proteinúria pós-exercício foi medida. Resultados: Observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na densidade urinária entre as amostras coletadas pré e pós-exercício apenas na STIN (p = 0,047). Quando comparados entre sessões, houve menor variação ponderal (p = 0,011) e maior volume urinário (p < 0,001) no treino com intervenção nutricional. Na STO, houve um percentual mais elevado de atletas que apresentaram proteinúria (70%) em comparação a STIN (50%) na amostra de urina coletada após o treino. Conclusão: O uso de suplemento hidroeletrolitico como prática de hidratação por atletas de karate favoreceu a reidratação durante uma sessão de treino e reduziu a proteinúria pós-treino.

Composição corporal e consumo alimentar de jogadores de rúgbi / Body composition and food consumption of rugby players

O objetivo foi avaliar a composição corporal e ingestão alimentar em jogadores de rúgbi. Quatorze jogadores de rúgbi brasileiros foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas (massa corporal e estatura), dobras cutâneas para cálculo do percentual de gordura e massa livre de gordura, e registro alimentar de três dias. Os valores nutricionais obtidos foram comparados às recomendações internacionais. Os jogadores apresentaram consumo inadequado para água, carboidratos, magnésio, selênio, tiamina, riboflavina, piridoxina (100%), manganês, vitamina A, ácido fólico (92,8%), zinco, niacina (78,6%), lipídios, vitamina C (71,4%), cálcio, vitamina E (64,3%), ácido pantatênico (57,1%), e fósforo (50%), sinalizando para necessidade de aconselhamento profissional...(AU)

The aim of this study was to assess body composition and dietary intake in amateur rugby players. Fourteen brazilian rugby players underwent to anthropometric measurements (body mass and height), skinfold thickness to calculate the percentage of body fat and fat free mass, and a 3-day food record. The nutritional values obtained were compared to international recommendations. The participants do not meet the recommendations for water, carbohydrates, magnesium, selenium, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine (100%), manganese, vitamin A, folic acid (92,8%), zinc, niacin (78,6%), lipids, vitamin C (71,4%), calcium, vitamin E (64,3%), pantothenic acid (57,1%) and phosphorus (50%), suggesting the need for professional counseling...(AU)

Intervenção nutricional em atletas de jiu-jitsu / Nutritional intervention in jiu-jitsu athletes

A maioria dos esportes de luta são divididos por categorias definidas por faixas ponderais, visando equilibrar as disputas, minimizando as diferenças de peso, força e velocidade entre os competidores. Dessa forma, o peso corporal passa a ser uma preocupação constante entre atletas e membros da equipe técnica, uma vez que é um dos principais fatores que influenciam no rendimento físico ou na classificação para uma determinada categoria. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e nutricional de atletas universitários de jiu-jitsu. Foram acompanhados 20 atletas durante nove meses, que tiveram avaliados: massa gorda, massa corporal, estatura, IMC, circunferência da cintura (CC), dados bioquímicos, ingestão alimentar e hidratação. Verificou-se que: 52% dos avaliados apresentaram medidas CC adequadas; 100% dos atletas apresentavam inadequação dos valores de creatina quinase; apesar da anemia detectada as recomendações de ferro foram atingidas pela alimentação, reforçando a hipótese da anemia do atleta; a principal estratégia utilizada pelos atletas para perda de peso foi a restrição de líquidos; quando foram questionados a respeito de quem os orientava a realizarem tais práticas, 80% responderam que faziam sob orientação dos técnicos e 30% que faziam por conta própria; quanto ao tipo de solução consumida a cada momento pelos lutadores notamos que antes do treino os atletas optam pelo consumo de água, durante o treino a maioria escolhe a água como solução,... a desnsidade da urina média aumentou durante o treino e a avaliação antropométrica revelou uma diminuição de todas as variáveis estudadas. Os dados expostos mostraram que um planejamento alimentar adequado pode trazer resultados benéficos, desmistificando a ideia de que os atletas lutadores necessitam tomar atitudes drásticas e arriscadas para redução do peso corporal.

Most of the combat sports are divided into categories defined by weight ranges, aiming to balance disputes, minimizing differences in weight, strength and speed among competitors. Thus, the body weight becomes a concern among athletes and technical team members, since it is one of the main factors that influence physical performance or ranking for a specific category. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional of the college athletes of jiu-jitsu. Twenty athletes were followed for nine months, which had evaluated: body fat, body mass, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), biochemical data, food intake and hydration. It was found that: 52 % of assessed had adequate measures of WC, 100 % of the athletes presented inadequate creatine kinase levels, despite of the anemia has been detected the recommendations of iron were achieved by feeding, reinforcing the hypothesis of anemia athlete; the main strategy used by athletes for weight loss was fluid restriction, when they were asked about who guided to undertake such practices, 80 % responded that they were under the guidance of technical and 30 % who were on their own; as to the type of solution consumed every moment by fighters we note that that before training athletes opt for water consumption, during training most choose water as solution, however there is also the consumption of carbohydrate drink, and after training there is a greater consumption of carbohydrate drink preferentially water; urine density increased average during training and anthropometric measurements showed a decrease in all variables. The data presented showed that proper food planning can bring beneficial results, unmask the idea that fighters athletes need to take drastic attitudes and risky for reducing body weight.