Extragenital cutaneous warts - clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Extragenital cutaneous warts are benign epidermal tumors caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and a frequent reason for patients to consult a dermatologist. Depending on wart type and site involved, the clinical presentation is highly varied. Given that warts represent a self-limiting condition, a wait-and-see approach may be justified. However, treatment is always indicated if the lesions become painful or give rise to psychological discomfort. Factors to be considered in this context include subjective disease burden, patient age, site affected, as well as the number and duration of lesions. Destructive treatment methods involve chemical or physical removal of diseased tissue. Nondestructive methods consist of antimitotic and antiviral agents aimed at inhibiting viral proliferation in keratinocytes. Some of the various immunotherapies available not only have localized but also systemic effects and are thus able to induce remission of warts located at any distance from the injection site. Especially patients with warts at multiple sites benefit from this form of treatment. Intralesional immunotherapy using the mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine is a particularly promising option for the treatment of recalcitrant warts in adult patients. For children, on the other hand, HPV vaccination is a novel and promising approach, even though it has not been approved for the treatment of cutaneous warts. At present, there is no universally effective treatment available. Moreover, many frequently employed therapies are currently not supported by conclusive clinical trials.

Formate: The Neglected Member of One-Carbon Metabolism.

Formate, the only non-tetrahydrofolate (THF)-linked intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, is produced in mammals from a variety of metabolic sources. It occurs in serum of adults at a concentration of approximately 30 µM. Its principal function lies as a source of one-carbon groups for the synthesis of 10-formyl-THF and other one-carbon intermediates; these are primarily used for purine synthesis, thymidylate synthesis, and the provision of methyl groups for synthetic, regulatory, and epigenetic methylation reactions. Although formate is largely produced in mitochondria, these functions mostly occur in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Formate plays a significant role in embryonic development, as evidenced by the effectiveness of formate in the pregnant dam's drinking water on the incidence of neural tube defects in some genetic models. High formate concentrations in fetal lambs may indicate a role in fetal development and suggest that extracellular formate may play a role in the interorgan distribution of one-carbon groups.

[Comparative evaluation of reamberin and mafusol on acute toxic liver damage models].

Comparative evaluation of the infusion of reamberin and mafusol has been carried out on the model of toxic liver damage caused by ammonium chloride. Reamberin contributed to more rapid normalization of indices due to an increase in the substrate reserve for energy metabolism. In a group of animals with alcohol intoxication, only the treatment with Reamberin allowed the system of antioxidant protection (reduced glutathione, thiol groups) and functional activity of the liver to be to normalized by the end of experiments on a level of the control group (intact animals).

[Use of Pervomur for prophylaxis of infectious complications in elective surgeries of abdominal organs]. / Primenenie pevromura dlia profilaktiki infektsionnykh oslozhnenii pri planovykh operatsiiakh na organakh briushnoi polosti.

After the experimental investigations performed, the 0.6-0.8% solution of Pervomur (as irrigation of the operation area or application) was used in 103 patients. As compared with the control group the intraoperative using of Pervomur allowed the frequency of postoperative complications to be reduced from 21% to 15% and the time of treatment was shortened.

[Problems of development, production and clinical use of highly effective blood substitutes]. / Problemy razrabotki, proizvodstva i klinicheskogo primeneniia vysokoéffektivnykh krovezamenitelei.

An analysis of biological properties of blood substitutes has shown the expedience of wider clinical use instead of polyglucin of such substitutes as polyglucol, polifer, rondex, neorondex, polyoxidin, volecam; instead of rheopolyglucin--the rheopolyglucin with glucose, rheogluman and rheoglusol prepared for clinical tests; instead of haemodesin--haemodesin-H, neohaemodesin, gluconeodesin; instead of protein hydrolysates--polyamine and purified from peptides infusamine, hydromine, amicin; instead of 0.9% solution of sodium chloride--disol, quintasol, lactasol, mafusol. They have polyfunctional properties and considerably increase the effectiveness of the infusion--transfusion therapy.

[A combined treatment method for alcoholic patients using medikhronal, microwave resonance therapy and holotropic breathing]. / Kompleksnyi metod lecheniia bol'nykh alkogolizmom s ispol'zovaniem medikhronala, mikrovolnovoi rezonansnoi terapii i kholotropnogo dykhaniia.

At present the only drug that has an effect on biological mechanisms in alcoholism is medichronal. Exposure to microwave resonance therapy and psychocorrecting sessions was found to have an effective prophylactic action securing the results of therapeutic remission obtained during the main course of treatment. The proposed treatment option is practically free of side effects, is easy to use, which fact permits recommending it in the outpatient and hospital treatment of

[The use of mafusol in acute blood loss]. / Ispol'zovanie mafusola pri ostroi krovopotere.

Mafusol is a crystalloid solution, containing sodium fumarat and possessing antihypoxic bioenergetic ability. It was used for the correction of acute hypovolemia in infusion-transfusion therapy. Mafusol in a dose of 800-1600 ml reliably prevents the development of metabolic acidosis. It can be the preparation of choice in acute loss of blood and traumatic shock treatment in early stages of medical care.

[The use of the new Soviet crystalloid mafusol as a hemodiluent in surgery using artificial circulation]. / Primenenie novogo otechestvennogo kristalloida mafusola v kachestve gemodiliuenta pri operatsiiakh s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

Two Soviet-made polyionic crystalloid solutions--mafusol, containing sodium fumarate and lactasol, containing sodium lactate--were compared as hemodiluents used during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. It has been shown that both solutions are adequate preparations quite effective as a crystalloid component of the perfusion medium in assisted circulation.

[Effect of formate on mouse erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro]. / Der Einfluss von Formiat auf Mäuseerythrozyten in vivo und in vitro.

The effect of formiat was tested in erythrocytes of mice damaged by oxidisation. Decrease of Heinz's bodies, stabilisation of reduced glutathion, and increase of enzyme activities by referring to an example of superoxidismutase could be identified as a positive effect. Possibilities of formiat reactions in the metabolism of red blood cells are discussed.