The effect of LED on blood microcirculation during chronic wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic patients-a prospective, double-blind randomized study.

Chronic wounds, especially in diabetic patients, represent a challenging health issue. Since standard treatment protocols often do not provide satisfactory results, additional treatment methods-like phototherapy using low-level light therapy-are being investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy with light-emitting diodes on chronic wound treatment in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Since a sufficient blood supply is mandatory for wound healing, the evaluation of microcirculation in the healthy skin at a wound's edge was the main outcome measure. Forty non-diabetic patients and 39 diabetics with lower limb chronic wounds who were referred to the University Medical Center Ljubljana between October 2012 and June 2014 were randomized to the treated and control groups. The treated group received phototherapy with LED 2.4 J/cm2 (wavelengths 625, 660, 850 nm) three times a week for 8 weeks, and the control group received phototherapy with broadband 580-900 nm and power density 0.72 J/cm2. Microcirculation was measured using laser Doppler. A significant increase in blood flow was noted in the treated group of diabetic and non-diabetic patients (p = 0.040 and p = 0.033), while there was no difference in the control groups. Additional Falanga wound bed score evaluation showed a significant improvement in both treated groups as compared to the control group. According to our results, phototherapy with LED was shown to be an effective additional treatment method for chronic wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

[EFFICACY OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VARICOSE DISEASE, DEPENDING ON ADSORPTION-RHEOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF BLOOD].

Physico-chemical adsorption-rheological properties of venous blood in patients, suffering varicose disease of the lower extremities, and their impact on efficacy of various methods of surgical treatment were studied. Conduction of endovasal laser coagulation in combination with crossectomy have promoted enhancement of operative treatment efficacy in patients in initial terms of observation (in 1 week), in 1 month a complete occlusion of the vein was noted more rarely. Efficacy of a small--power laser ablation with irradiation power of 10 W and less in 4 weeks postoperatively is higher, than of surgical treatment with a laser irradiation power 15 W. In a varicose disease of the lower extremities there were observed the raising of the blood volume toughness, superficial relaxation and superficial stress on background of reduction of the toughness--elasticity module, superficial toughness and superficial elasticity. Crossectomy conduction did not influence the integral dynamics of adsorption--rheological properties of venous blood, but in 1 month after endovasal laser coagulation a normalization of physicchemical parameters of blood was noted. Application of laser irradiation of the 10 W power and less promotes inhibition of the relaxation properties of venous blood; a prognostic meaning owes initial value of the blood volume toughness.

In vitro effects of helium-neon laser irradiation on human blood: blood viscosity and deformability of erythrocytes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on some rheological factors of human blood, such as blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and sedimentation rate. BACKGROUND DATA: The intravascular irradiation of low power laser has been applied in pre-clinical and clinical to treat various pathological processes. However, the mechanism is not fully understood so far. Especially the interaction and related mechanism between the laser and blood are unclear. In this work, by measuring the change of the main rheological factors after laser irradiation, the interaction and mechanism were explored. METHODS: A30-mW He-Ne laser was used for irradiation with a 4-5-mm-diameter beam spot on blood samples, with a fluence rate of about 150 mW/cm.(2) The irradiation time was 60 min, so the total dose of irradiation was 540 J/cm.(2) The pathological samples of blood were obtained from patients (volunteers), and each sample was divided into two tubes for irradiation and control. The blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and sedimentation rate were measured after laser irradiation and compared with un-irradiated control. The blood samples with poor erythrocyte deformability were prepared by adding Ca(2+) to the normal erythrocytes of a healthy person for investigating the laser effect on erythrocyte deformability further. RESULTS: Laser irradiation reduced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate of blood samples, which had a hyper-sedimentation rate originally. The blood viscosity of samples in hyper-values was lowered by laser irradiation in all shear rates measured (10-110 S(-1)), with a relative variation of approximately 10%. The deformability of erythrocytes from pathological samples and Ca(2+)-treated samples was improved after laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects of laser irradiation on improving the rheological properties of blood were demonstrated in vitro.

Effects of X-ray radiation on the rheologic properties of platelets and lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND: Blood is often irradiated before transfusion for severely immunocompromised patients to prevent a potentially fatal complication of transfusion-associated GVHD. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study evaluates the effects of X-ray radiation on platelet and lymphocyte rheology because the ability of these blood cells to deform is vital to their flow throughout the microvascular system. Micropipette aspiration experiments were conducted on platelets and lymphocytes exposed to X-ray radiation doses of 0 (control), 25, and 50 Gy. RESULTS: A significant increase in the Young modulus of elasticity was observed between control platelets and irradiated platelets at 25 Gy (p = 0.02) and 50 Gy (p = 0.03). Percent cell activation increased significantly in 25 Gy-irradiated platelets (p = 0.008). In addition, lymphocytes irradiated at 25 Gy have a higher viscosity than controls (p < 0.02). A significantly larger number of activated cells is found in the 50 Gy-irradiated lymphocyte population (p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: The changes in the deformability and activation of irradiated platelets and lymphocytes may reduce local blood flow and lead to intermittent blockage, which may cause a change of blood flow in microvasculatures.

[The use of extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields during acute period of ischemic stroke]. / Primenenie élektromagnitnykh polei kraine vysokoi chastoty v ostrom periode ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

The rheological, coagulatory and clinical examination of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke has demonstrated that EHF therapy (53.53 GHz) improves rheological and coagulatory parameters in such patients, has a positive effect on hemostasis and clinical course of acute ischemic stroke. The technique and doses are presented.

Effect of 60Co irradiation on characteristics of hemorheology in rabbits.

A high-dose (7 Gy) whole-body 60Co irradiation for a short period caused disturbances of hematopoietic function. A decrease in the hematocrit of the circulating blood lasted for about 15 days, thus forming an anemic animal model. We studied the influence of high-dose 60Co irradiation on hemorheologic parameters: percentage of reticulocytes, RBC deformability, sedimentation rate and plasma fibrinogen concentration in the rabbit. It was found that the plasma fibrinogen concentration increased to twice more than control level and that percentage of reticulocytes in circulation disappeared immediately after irradiation. The deformation index of RBCs in shear flow decreased from a value of 58% down to a value of 42% in the first two weeks and gradually returned to control levels about 40 days after 60Co irradiation. Our results showed that a short period of high-dose 60Co irradiation caused severe and relatively long-lasting damage of hematopoietic system in animals' body.

Effect of low-level laser radiation on some rheological factors in human blood: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of low-level laser radiation (LLLR) on some rheological factors of the human blood, such as complete blood count (CBC) parameters and blood sedimentation rate (BSR). We were mainly concerned with the alterations caused by LLLR action on blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) of fresh blood obtained from apparently healthy adult patients. We used low doses ranging between 0.80 J x cm(-3) and 4.40 J x cm(-3), at the very low-power densities of the laser radiation, so as not to damage the cell structure and not to alter in an undesired manner their functions. METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 22 volunteers. Where health problems existed, they were indicated for each case. The parameters mentioned above were measured before (control samples) and after irradiation. A He-Ne laser, operating in continuous wave, as a radiation source (632.8 nm, 1 mW, intensity of 8 x 10(-2) W x sr(-1), mean power density incident on blood samples around 30 mW x cm(-2), beam spot diameter 2 mm) was used. The measurements were performed immediately after irradiation. Only the erythrocyte complex was irradiated. EDTA anticoagulant was used. RESULTS: The measurements using a computerized hemoanalyzer type SERONO showed significant differences between control and irradiated blood samples concerning the following parameters: RBC (in 22% of cases), HGB (47.3%), HCT (84.2%), RDW (11%), PLT (5.26%), MPV (33.3%), WBC (5.26%), MONO (26.3%), and GRAN (63.15%). In the case of BSR (44%), the significant differences were noticed especially in the cases of patients suffering from some acute or chronic diseases. Nonsignificant differences were noticed in the cases of MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and LYMPH. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that LLLR, even though used at low doses and low power densities, produced some changes of the rheological factors of the blood, as follows: a revitalizing and regenerating effect on mitosis stimulation and a nondamaging and biostimulating effect on the cell membrane (by keeping unmodified MCV, MCH, and MCHC). In 3 cases out of 22, hemolysis (complete or partially) occurred, but we are not yet sure whether this was caused by laser exposure or by certain environmental physical factors.

[The effect of plasmapheresis and laser irradiation of the blood on the hemorheological and hemodynamic indices in hypertension patients]. / Vliianie plazmafereza i lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na gemoreologicheskie i gemodinamicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

Results are submitted of investigation designed to study effects of a combined use of plasmapheresis and laser irradiation of blood on hemorheologic and hemodynamic characteristics in 36 patients with stage II hypertensive disease. The course exposure of patients to a combined use of plasmapheresis and laser irradiation of blood led to a drop of arterial pressure in different hemodynamic groups at the expense of different parameters characterising the hemodynamic status. Thus combined use of plasmapheresis and laser irradiation of blood can be considered a promising nonmedicamentous therapeutic alternative in patients with hypertensive disease being associated with a drop of arterial blood pressure, and what is more, improvement in viscous- and elastic properties of blood as well as its hemodynamic indices.

[The therapeutic correction of disorders in thrombocyte-vascular hemostasis and of changes in the rheological properties of the blood in patients with arterial hypertension]. / Lechebnaia korrektsiia narushenii trombotsitarno-sosudistogo gemostaza i izmenenii reologicheskikh svoistv krovi u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei.

158 patients with essential hypertension received beta-adrenoblockers and were exposed to travelling impulse magnetic field, magnetolaser radiation. The study of platelet-vessel hemostasis and blood rheology revealed a relation of good clinical response and increased exercise tolerance with initial platelet dysfunction and rheological disorders which underwent positive changes in the course of treatment.