[Urology in Upper Palatinate-what archeology, historical research, and historiography reveal : Part 1: from Roman Antiquity to the late Middle Ages]. / Urologie in der Oberpfalz ­ Was uns Archäologie, historische Forschung und Geschichtsschreibung verraten : Teil 1: von römischer Antike bis Spätmittelalter.

Since 1924, it has been possible to qualify as a specialist in urology in Germany. The first hospital departments for the treatment of urological conditions were established as early as the end of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. However, the beginning of specialist medical care in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Palatinate, often known as the "poorhouse" of Germany until the second half of the last century, was much later. Nevertheless, the lineage of "urological" activity here can be traced back to much earlier eras. Of course, it must be accepted that the evidence from times long past is weak. This is especially applicable when it comes to a topic such as the treatment of the sick and the preservation of health, which is not only considered a science but also often a central focus of life for us today, because in history it was often only mentioned in the fight against epidemics and in anecdotal descriptions. This is a circumstance which, when looking at the history of urology, gives rise to the hope of finding one or two interesting sources. This article not only aims to trace the history of the development of urology in a rural area from contemporary history to the present day, but also to explore the treatment of urological diseases in this region since late antiquity. Furthermore, we invite readers to look at other places of urological remembrance in a similar way.

Pioneiras/os da psicologia escolar no estado do Piauí: um estudo historiográfico / Pioneers of school psychology in the state of Piauí: a historiographic study

A pesquisa apresenta a história da construção e consolidação do campo de estudo e atuação da Psicologia Escolar no Piauí. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, historiográfica, com história oral. Foram definidas como participantes as/os pioneiras/os a contribuir para um determinado campo de atuação. Os seis depoentes foram escolhidos por terem: I) atuação na área; II) sido docentes; e/ou III) participado de órgãos/instituições da área. As análises foram construídas a partir de indicadores e núcleos de significados dos registros orais, a partir dos quais foram organizados em cinco eixos temáticos: a) Atuação em psicologia educacional e psicologia escolar; b) Primeiras incursões da Psicologia no campo da Educação do Piauí; c) Estrutura e recursos disponíveis para atuação profissional; d) Transformação no campo e protagonismo dos estagiários de psicologia escolar; e) Movimentos de descentralização da psicologia escolar no estado.

The search presents the history of construction and consolidation of the field of study and performance of School Psychology in Piauí. A qualitative, historiographical approach was used, with oral history. Participants were defined from pioneers contributing to a given field of action. The six interviewees were chosen because they had: i) experience in the area; ii) been teachers; and/or iii) participated in bodies/institutions in the area. The analyzes were constructed from indicators and core meanings of oral records, from which they were organized into 5 thematic axes: a) Performance in educational psychology and school psychology; b) First incursions of Psychology in the field of Education in Piauí; c) Structure and resources available for professional performance; d) Transformation in the field and protagonism of school psychology interns; e) Movements for the decentralization of school psychology in the state.

The degree course in psychology in Rome in the history of Italian psychology.

Italian academic psychology found its first location in the Anthropological Museum of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Rome, where in 1890 a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology was established. In 1905, the first three Chairs of Experimental Psychology at the Universities of Turin, Rome, and Naples were created. These were followed in the subsequent years by others, until 1930, in other academic institutions. After many years and a long period of crisis linked to the fascist regime, only after the World War II (WWII), with the rebirth of the country, did psychology gradually rebuild its status as a scientific discipline. Within this framework of the renewal of society and university studies, in 1971, two degree courses were instituted in Rome and Padua. Based on research in central and local academic archives and on an analysis of the secondary literature, the gestation phase of the 4-year degree course in Psychology, the progressive establishment of the Psychology Departments, and the 5-year reform of the courses up to the birth of the first Faculty of Psychology at an Italian university are reconstructed. The aim of this article is to propose a well-founded discontinuist historiographical reading of the process of sedimentation of psychological experimentation that, after being born in the Faculty of Sciences and later transferring to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, also led to important developments in the Faculty of Education, with the recognition of an autonomous academic space of scientific discipline with a degree course, departments and finally the Faculty of Psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Cuando el presente puede ayudar a refinar las interpretaciones del pasado: covid-19 en tiempo real y la historiografía de las epidemias / When the present can help refine interpretations of the past: covid-19 in real time and the historiography of epidemics

Resumen Estas notas abordan la proliferación de discursos con enfoques improvisados, desinformados, apocalípticos y voluntaristas. Enfatizan cuestiones como la ignorancia sobre la historia de las epidemias, y también la incapacidad para lidiar con las incertidumbres que reinan durante las pandemias, así como los anuncios que este extraordinario evento sanitario produciría un profundo parteaguas en todos los órdenes de la vida y en todos los rincones del mundo. Finalmente, estas notas buscan señalar cómo el presente puede iluminar el estudio del pasado - o, de modo más personal, lo que creo haber aprendido como historiador en los tiempos de la pandemia de la covid-19.

Abstract These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.

Antropoceno, ciências humanas e historiografia / Anthropocene, human sciences and historiography

Resumo O artigo mostra, inicialmente, como as discussões sobre o Antropoceno têm se deslocado de maneira cada vez mais significativa para o campo das ciências humanas. Em seguida, tomando como ponto de partida a proposta de que as ciências humanas deveriam contribuir para a compreensão do "metanível consequencial" dos estudos sobre o Antropoceno, discute como alguns trabalhos produzidos nesse campo têm lidado com as relações entre causas, efeitos e consequências diante das condições do novo regime planetário, considerando de maneira especial as discussões sobre a "tecnosfera". Conclui indicando o potencial das novas perspectivas ontológicas das ciências humanas para a ampliação dos horizontes explicativos e comunicativos da historiografia.

Abstract The article initially presents an increasingly significant move of discussions about the Anthropocene towards humanities and social sciences. Then, taking as a starting point the proposal that these fields could contribute to the understanding of the "consequential meta-level" of studies on the Anthropocene, it discusses how some works produced in humanities and social sciences have dealt with the relationship between causes, effects and consequences regarding the new planetary regime, with a special focus on the debate about the "technosphere." It concludes by indicating the potential of the "ontological turn" to expand the explanatory and communicative horizons of historiography.

Precision Medicine: Historiography of Life Sciences and the Geneticization of the Clinics.

In 2013, Hans Jörg Rheinberger proposed that Mendelian genetics and molecular biology were "scientific ideologies," that is, for him they are systems of thought whose objects are hyperbolic; they are not, or not yet, in the realm of and not, or not yet, under the control of that system. This article proposes that precision medicine today is a scientific ideology and analyses the implications of this statement for historians of biology, genetics, and medicine.

The Electrophoretic Revolution in the 1960s: Historical Epistemology Meets the Global History of Science and Technology.

This paper uses zone electrophoresis, one of the most frequently used tools in molecular biology, to explore two ideas derived from Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's reflections on experiments. First, the constraining role played by technical objects-instrumentation and material conditions-in the production of knowledge or epistemic things. Second, the production of interconnected experimental systems by such technical objects, which results in the unexpected entanglement of research fields and experimental cultures. By the beginning of the 1960s, the inception of zone electrophoresis in laboratories around the world transformed-some say, revolutionized-the study of proteins. Even today, electrophoresis continues to open research venues and questions in biomedicine, molecular biology, human genetics, and in the field of molecular evolution. In my essay, I seek to look at the interconnected lives of zone electrophoresis and address the broader social, and even global context, in which this apparently humble technique became a salient tool in the production of biological knowledge. In so doing, I aim to take the past and present of the history and historiography of experimental systems to the future, where experiments and technologies are interrogated as they are used in different geographies and contexts, including contexts of poverty.

Israel y covid-19: ¿cómo se escribirá en el futuro la historia de la epidemia en este país? / Israel and covid-19: how will the history of the epidemic in this country be written in the future?

Resumen El presente artículo representa un intento de reflexionar hipotéticamente sobre la manera en que los historiadores de la ciencia escribirán en el futuro sus investigaciones sobre el desarrollo de la pandemia de la covid-19 en Israel, dentro de un contexto que incluye: la crisis política que vivió el país en esos momentos; la historia de las instituciones de salud pública establecidas desde la época de los primeros colonos judíos en Palestina, a principios del siglo XX, y modificadas ligeramente por una ley de 1994; los esquemas conceptuales desarrollados durante las últimas décadas por historiadores de la salud pública y las pandemias en general.

Abstract This article attempts to hypothetically reflect on how historians of science will write their research on the development of the covid-19 pandemic in Israel in the future, within a context that includes: the political crisis experienced by the country at that time; the history of the public health institutions established from the time of the first Jewish settlers in Palestine, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and slightly modified by a law of 1994; the conceptual schemes developed during the last decades by historians of public health and pandemics in general.

Historiographies of surgical innovation: endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery.

The historiography of medicine has shifted from narratives of inevitable progress, authored mainly by the medical profession, to a more complex, analytical approach in which historians place medicine in its social context. However, the history of surgery has lagged behind somewhat; Christopher Lawrence suggests this is because the recent focus on the construction of medical knowledge does not incorporate the practical aspects of surgery, which are difficult to extract from their previous linear narrative. Thomas Schlich likewise recognises that surgery is both knowledge and skill-therefore more of a 'craft' than medicine. A possible solution is aligning the history of surgery with the history of technology: analysing the interplay of instruments and human activity.This case study uses the history of endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery to explore the historiography of surgical innovation, in the context of its heavy reliance on both technology and interdisciplinary divisions of labour. Re-enactment, evolutionary frameworks and using Social Construction of Technology methods all require close collaboration between historian and surgeon to bridge the gap between scholarship and tacit knowledge.

La Historiografía de la Ciencia de la Información y sus periodizaciones: una aproximación / The Historiography of Information Science and its periodization: an approach

Se examinaron determinados esquemas de periodización de la Historiografía de la Ciencia de la Información. Utilizando la revisión documental como instrumento metodológico, se revisaron las fuentes de información que contenían la producción historiográfica de los estudiosos de la Ciencia de la Información elegidos. Se discutió la interrelación existente entre Historia e Historiografía y se valoró el significado de las periodizaciones históricas. Se examinó la problemática histórica de la Ciencia de la Información, y se detallaron las propuestas de periodización de los autores seleccionados. Se fundamentó la propuesta de periodización del autor del texto(AU)

Certain patterns of periodization of the Historiography of Information Science were examined. Using the documentary review as a methodological instrument, this study reviewed the sources of information containing the historiographical production of the chosen Information Science scholars. The interrelation between History and Historiography was discussed and the meaning of historical periodization was valued. The historical problems of Information Science were examined, and the periodization proposals of the selected authors were detailed. The proposal of periodization of the author of this text was substantiated(AU)

Psychotherapy's identity crisis: opening reflections on the historiographies of psychotherapies / A crise de identidade da psicoterapia: reflexões sobre as historiografias das psicoterapias

Abstract This article introduces the work of the transcultural histories of psychotherapies network. Reflecting on the comparative lack of work here, it traces psychotherapies' identity crisis, focussing on nodal points such as the rise of the term, failed attempts to unify the field from Forel to Jung, and the rise of outcome studies. Finally, it situates histories of psychotherapies within the context of adjacent fields: the relation of the history of psychotherapy to the history of science, to Freud studies, to the history of religion and religious studies, to intellectual history, to the history of psychiatry, to the history of medicine, and its place within cultural history.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma discussão acerca da produção de histórias transculturais da rede de psicoterapias. Reflete sobre a ausência de trabalhos comparativos na área, delineia a crise de identidade das psicoterapias, focaliza pontos nodais, como o surgimento do termo, as tentativas fracassadas de unificar o campo de Forel a Jung e a aparição de estudos de resultados. Finalmente, situa as histórias das psicoterapias no contexto de áreas adjacentes: a relação da história da psicoterapia com a história das ciências, os estudos de Freud, a história da religião e os estudos religiosos, a história intelectual, a história da psiquiatria, a história da medicina e seu lugar na história cultural.

Sobre a História da Loucura: aspectos metodológicos e historiográficos em Michael Foucault / On the History of Madness: methodological and historiographical aspects in Michel Foucault

O lançamento do livro História da loucura na Era Clássica de Michel Foucault, em 1961, marca o início do reconhecimento do autor no cenário intelectual. Em sua obra, ele propõe fazer uma arqueologia do silêncio da loucura e encontrar um conjunto de evidências que permite reconhecer a formação de uma estrutura sócio-histórica de exclusão da loucura no início da Idade Moderna. Foucault destaca em sua argumentação que um decreto real de 1656 que estabeleceu a criação do Hospital Geral na França foi decisivo para definir a loucura enquanto desrazão e determinar o lugar dos loucos como o hospital. Além deste evento histórico, ele encontra em uma passagem das Meditações Metafísicas de René Descartes o gesto intelectual da razão ocidental que teria silenciado a loucura e a encarcerado na ordem racional característica da modernidade. Contudo, Foucault não apresenta uma teoria sobre a filosofia cartesiana e não aprofunda a sua interpretação sobre o modo como Descartes aborda a loucura em seu texto. Além disso, como veremos, na pesquisa histórica de Foucault é possível apontar diversas falhas empíricas e interpretativas de evidências históricas, como no caso da Nau dos Loucos e do Grande Confinamento, eventos que não teriam ocorrido. No entanto, a obra de Foucault é ampla e complexa, de modo que as críticas ao seu trabalho de historiador se mostram insuficientes para diminuir a sua relevância na história intelectual pós-2ª Guerra. De fato, o objetivo de Foucault envolve um interesse sociológico, de modo a construir uma narrativa que procura compreender, de maneira abrangente, a experiência da loucura em diferentes épocas. Na visão do autor, a Era Clássica definiria as bases da relação entre razão e loucura que fomentaram o desenvolvimento posterior da psiquiatria moderna. Contudo, essa evolução não se mostraria como um progresso científico e de iluminação dos mistérios da loucura, mas um retrocesso moral que teve como símbolo de exclusão o hospital psiquiátrico. Loucura e razão são assim partes essenciais do projeto de arqueologia do silêncio e da discussão teórica que a obra propõe. O modo como Foucault interpreta Descartes constitui um ponto chave de sua narrativa histórica e tem repercussões sobre como compreendemos a relação entre a medicina psiquiátrica e a loucura. O estudo sobre a pesquisa histórica de Foucault revela que, no campo intelectual, o debate sobre as Meditações Metafísicas de René Descartes pode dar continuidade à discussão fundamental sobre a razão e a história da loucura. No presente trabalho procuramos, portanto, apresentar alguns pontos importantes da História da Loucura, discutindo aspectos metodológicos e historiográficos, bem como expondo críticas relevantes e contra-argumentos, que mostram que se trata de uma obra sempre ainda atual.

The release of the book History of Madness in the Classical Era by Michel Foucault, in 1961, marks the beginning of the author's recognition in the intellectual scene. In his work, he proposes to make an archeology of the silence of madness and to find a set of evidence that allows us to recognize the formation of a socio-historical structure of exclusion of madness in the early Modern Age. Foucault highlights in his argument that a royal decree of 1656 that established the creation of the General Hospital in France was decisive in defining madness as unreason and determining the place of the insane as the hospital. In addition to this historical event, he finds in a passage from René Descartes' Metaphysical Meditations the intellectual gesture of Western reason that would have silenced madness and imprisoned it in the rational order characteristic of modernity. However, Foucault does not present a theory about Cartesian philosophy and does not deepen his interpretation of the way in which Descartes approaches madness in his text. Furthermore, as we will see, in Foucault's historical research it is possible to point out several empirical and interpretive flaws in historical evidence, as in the case of the Nau dos Loucos and the Great Confinement, events that would not have occurred. However, Foucault's work is broad and complex, so that criticism of his work as a historian is insufficient to diminish his relevance in post-World War II intellectual history. In fact, Foucault's objective involves a sociological interest, in order to construct a narrative that seeks to understand, in a comprehensive way, the experience of madness at different times. In the author's view, the Classical Era would define the basis of the relationship between reason and madness that fostered the later development of modern psychiatry. However, this evolution would not be shown as a scientific progress and as an enlightenment of the mysteries of madness, but a moral setback that had the psychiatric hospital as a symbol of exclusion. Madness and reason are thus essential parts of the project of archeology of silence and of the theoretical discussion that the work proposes. The way in which Foucault interprets Descartes constitutes a key point in his historical narrative and has repercussions on how we understand the relationship between psychiatric medicine and madness. The study of Foucault's historical research reveals that, in the intellectual field, the debate on the Metaphysical Meditations of René Descartes can continue the fundamental discussion about reason and the history of madness. In the present work, therefore, we seek to present some important points of the History of Madness, discussing methodological and historiographical aspects, as well as exposing relevant criticisms and counter-arguments, which show that it is a work that is still current.

The Transnational Formation of a Healthy Nation: Uruguayan Travelling Reformers in the Early 20th Century (1905­1931) / La formación transnacional de una nación sana: reformistas uruguayos en movimiento a comienzos del siglo XX (1905-1931) / A formação transnacional de uma nação saudável: reformadores uruguaios em movimento no início do século XX (1905-1931)

Introduction: This study traces the different forms of trans- and international interactions of the Uruguayan public health reformers in the first three decades of the 20th century (1905­1931) and proposesto analyze these interactions regarding the factors that facilitated them, the purposes they followed, and the meanings which the reformers attributed to their travels and missions. Development: The analysis of this study is divided into five sections. The first section provides a thorough literature review of the transnational perspectives on health, welfare, and labor policies in early twentieth century Uruguay, followed by a second section that introduces this study's main group of actors­Uruguayan health reformers attached to key state institutions­and identifies the different forms of their transnational interaction. Three analytical sections follow, which take a closer look in turn at the reformers' partici-pation in international conferences, their individual study tours to specific institutions in Europe and the Americas, and individual participation in a collective study tour organized by the League of Nations Health Organization (lnho). Conclusion: This study ends with a summary of the findings, examines their relation to the existing literature, and provides an outlook toward further questions to explore

Introducción: este artículo traza las distintas actividades de reformistas uruguayos de sanidad pública en los ámbitos trans e internacionales en las primeras tres décadas del siglo xx (1905-1931). Se analizan las confluencias y factores que las facilitaron, tal como las intenciones y significaciones que los reformistas mismos asignaban a sus viajes. Desarrollo: el artículo expone su argumento a lo largo de cinco secciones. La primera repasa los estudios efectuados desde una perspectiva transnacional, sobre sanidad, estado social y políticas laborales en Uruguay a principios del siglo xx. La segunda sección introduce a los actores principales de la investigación, esto es, los reformistas de sanidad uruguayos vinculados a las instituciones estatales claves, e identifica varios modos de interacciones transnacionales. A continuación, se analizan tres de estos modos de interacciones: la asistencia de reformistas uruguayos a conferencias internacionales, varios viajes individuales de investigación a instituciones en Europa y las Américas y la participación en un viaje de estudios en grupo organizado por la Organización de Higiene de la Sociedad de las Naciones. Conclusión: el artículo finaliza con un resumen de los resultados de la investigación, haciendo referencia a la historiografía presentada en la parte introductoria y al desarrollo, a la vez que propone algunas tareas de investigación pendientes

Introdução: este artigo traça as diferentes atividades dos reformistas da saúde pública uruguaios em nível trans e internacional nas três primeiras décadas do século xx (1905-1931). São analisadas as con-fluências e os fatores que as facilitaram, bem como as intenções e os significados que os próprios refor-mistas atribuíram às suas viagens. Desenvolvimento: o artigo apresenta seu argumento em cinco seções. A primeira apresenta uma revisão sinótica de estudos, realizados desde uma perspectiva transnacional, sobre saúde, situação social e políticas de trabalho no Uruguai no início do século xx. A segunda seção apresenta os principais atores da pesquisa, ou seja, os reformistas da saúde uruguaios ligados às princi-pais instituições do Estado e identifica vários modos de interações transnacionais. Três desses modos de interação são analisados a seguir: a presença de reformadores uruguaios em conferências internacio-nais, várias viagens individuais de pesquisa à instituições na Europa e nas Américas e a participação em uma viagem de estudo em grupo organizada pela Organização de Higiene da Liga das Nações. Conclusão: o artigo termina com uma síntese dos resultados da pesquisa, fazendo referência à historiografia apre-sentada na parte introdutória e no desenvolvimento, propondo algumas tarefas de pesquisa pendentes

Historiografía y memoria colectiva en enfermería / Nursing Historiography and Collective Memory / Historiografia e memória coletiva em enfermagem

La historia es, en esencia, ciencia del cambioM. Bloch, L'Étrange Défaite, 1940.El conocimiento del pasado se encuentra en transformación (1). Proporcionauna herramienta al servicio de la legitimación de profesiones relegadas a un segundo plano en la historia de las ciencias de la salud. Incorpora una visión renovada de concepciones pretéritas que han cristalizado en valores, etiquetas y estereotipos fuertemente arraigados (2).La historiografía, entendida como el estudio crítico de los escritos sobre la historia, sus fuentes y autores, es una tarea de síntesis, un ejercicio lógico y metodológico que permite evaluar la consistencia y la coherencia de los resultados de la investigación del pasado (3, 4). Una relectura de la historia ofrece una línea de base para continuar y profundizar el estudio del pasado. Esta perspectiva posibilita avanzar hacia la construcción de un perfil que supere la asignación de roles y la participación en los equipos de salud de los profesionales en enfermería para abordar la naturaleza y los alcances del constructo cuidado y sus implicaciones (2).La afirmación se sustenta en los siguientes supuestos (5):• Narrar los sucesos históricos interviene en los procesos de significación de la identidad profesional de los y las enfermeras.• La identidad de los profesionales en enfermería se puede construir sin recurrir necesariamente a la historiografía en una suerte de "historia del futuro".• Los estereotipos de rol y las representaciones sobre la disciplina de las nuevas generaciones surgen de la lectura de los textos para la formación profesional

History is essentially the science of changeM. Bloch, L'Étrange Défaite, 1940. The knowledge of the past is undergoing transformation (1). It provides a tool that services legitimization of professions relegated to the background of the health sciences history. It incorporates a renewed vision of past conceptions that have been crystallized into strongly rooted values, labels, and stereotypes (2).Historiography, understood as the critical study of the writings on history, its sources and authors, is a synthesis task, a logic and methodologic exercise that allows the evaluation of consistency and coherence of past research results (3, 4). A rereading of history sets a baseline for continuing and deepening the study of the past. This perspective makes it possible to advance towards the construction of a profile that goes beyond role assignment and participation in health teams of nursing professionals to address the nature and scope of the care construct and its implications (2).The assertion is based on the following assumptions (5):• Narrating historical events intervenes in the signification processes of nurses' professional identity.• Nursing professionals' identity can be built without necessarily resorting to historiography, in a sort of "history of the future".• Role stereotypes and the new generations' representations about the discipline arise from reading professional training texts

A história é, na essência, a ciência da mudançaM. Bloch, L'Étrange Défaite, 1940.O conhecimento do passado encontra-se em transformação (1). Fornece uma ferramenta ao serviço da legitimação de profissões relegadas a segundo plano na história das ciências da saúde. Incorpora uma visão renovada de concepções passadas que se cristalizaram em valores, rótulos e estereótipos profundamente arraigados (2).A historiografia, entendida como o estudo crítico dos escritos sobre a história, suas fontes e autores, é uma tarefa de síntese, um exercício lógico e metodológico que permite avaliar a consistência e a coerência dos resultados de pesquisas do passado (3, 4). Uma releitura da história oferece uma linha de base para continuar e aprofundar o estudo do passado. Essa perspectiva possibilita avançar na construção de um perfil que extrapole a atribuição de papéis e a participação nas equipes de saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem para abordar a natureza e a abrangência do construto cuidado e suas implicações (2).A afirmação é baseada nas seguintes premissas (5):• A narrativa dos acontecimentos históricos intervém nos processos de significação da identidade profissional dos enfermeiros e das enfermeiras.• A identidade dos profissionais de enfermagem pode ser construída sem necessariamente recorrer à historiografia em uma espécie de "história do futuro".Cómo citar este artículoSerdarevich U. Historiografía y memoria colectiva en enfermería. Rev Colomb Enferm [Internet]. 2020;19(3), e022https://doi.org/10.18270/rce.v19i3.3314 Os estereótipos de papéis e representações sobre a disciplina das novas gerações surgem da leitura de textos para a formação profissional.

Pediatría y psicología en la Argentina: un estudio histórico (1930-1960) / Pediatrics and psychology in Argentina: a historical study (1930-1960)

El artículo analiza la relación entre pediatría y psicología en la Argentina entre las décadas de 1930 y 1960. Muestra que el enfoque higiénico y médico-social propio de la tradición pediátrica local sentó las bases para un diálogo con la psicología que se plasmó en propuestas de renovación surgidas hacia mediados de la década de 1950. Se abordan, asimismo, algunos usos concretos de la psicología en intervenciones médicas motivadas por la necesidad de comprender y resolver problemas concretos en torno al crecimiento y desarrollo durante la primera infancia. Para concluir, se señala que, si bien, durante el período estudiado, se observa un progresivo acercamiento de la pediatría a la psicología, no constituyó un fenómeno de amplio alcance

In this article, I will analyze the relationship between pediatrics and psychology in Argentina in the 1930-1960 period. This article describes how the sanitary, social, and medical approach typical of our local pediatric tradition laid the foundation for a dialog with psychology, captured by the innovation proposals emerged in the mid-1950s. It also addresses certain specific use of psychology in medical interventions resulting from the need to understand and solve specific problems regarding growth and development during early childhood. To conclude, it points out that, although pediatrics has shown a progressive reconciliation with psychology throughout the studied period, it failed to have far-reaching implications

A construção de um país tropical: uma apresentação da historiografia ambiental sobre o Brasil / The construction of a tropical country: a review of environmental historiography on Brazil

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral da produção de livros sobre a história ambiental do Brasil. Da grande diversidade de temas ambientais presentes na historiografia brasileira, selecionamos os autores que de alguma forma se identificam como relacionados com a comunidade acadêmica da história ambiental. Embora a ênfase tenha sido dada aos livros autorais, buscamos ao menos mencionar as principais coletâneas produzidas no campo. Com esse mapeamento, demonstramos quais têm sido os temas e os recortes espaçotemporais priorizados pelos historiadores ambientais em seus estudos sobre o Brasil. Além disso, buscamos mostrar como as lacunas ainda presentes nessa produção oferecem caminhos promissores para a futura expansão desse campo.

Abstract This article provides an overview of books published on Brazilian environmental history. Among the large variety of environmental themes seen in Brazilian historiography, we selected the authors who in some way identify themselves as explicitly related to the academic environmental history community. Although the emphasis was on authored books, we sought to at least mention the principal edited books produced in the field. With this mapping, we demonstrate the themes and spatial-temporal foci prioritized by environmental historians in their studies on Brazil. Additionally, we sought to show how the gaps still existing in the literature provide promising paths for future expansion of this field.

Equoterapia, saúde e esporte: figurações da prática no Rio Grande do Sul, 1970-2000 / Equine-assisted therapy, health and sports: figurations of the practice in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 1970-2000

Resumo Com base nos pressupostos teóricos de Norbert Elias, objetivou-se compreender as figurações da equoterapia no Rio Grande do Sul no período demarcado entre 1970 e 2000. Para tanto, o corpus documental da pesquisa foi composto por documentos oficiais, jornais e revistas. A partir do conceito de figuração, a documentação analisada evidenciou elementos técnico-científicos, acoplados às áreas da saúde, educação e equitação, provenientes do hipismo e compartilhados na prática da equoterapia. As inter-relações estabelecidas entre essas áreas possibilitaram que tal prática congregasse atributos e representações emanadas do cenário hípico. Assim, constituíram-se outras figurações no campo da equoterapia, envolvendo relações entre entidades que congregavam militares e civis.

Abstract Based on the theoretical assumptions of Norbert Elias, we sought to understand the figurations of equine-assisted therapy in Rio Grande do Sul from 1970 to 2000. To this end, the research corpus consisted of official documents, newspapers and magazines. Based on the concept of figuration, the documentation analyzed demonstrated technical-scientific elements linked to the fields of healthcare, education and horseback riding, coming from equestrianism and shared in the practice of equine-assisted therapy. The interrelations established between these different areas allowed the practice to take on attributes and representations emanating from the equestrian world. Thus, other figurations were developed in the field of equine-assisted therapy involving relationships between military and civil entities.

A debate over the link between Salvador Allende, Max Westenhöfer, and Rudolf Virchow: contributions to the history of social medicine in Chile and internationally / Una discusión sobre el vínculo entre Salvador Allende, Max Westenhöfer y Rudolf Virchow: aportes a la historia de la medicina social chilena e internacional*

Abstract In the history of Latin American social medicine, numerous works have presented a harmonious link between Rudolf Virchow, Max Westenhöfer, and Salvador Allende, which establishes the origin of ideas of Latin American social medicine in a prestigious European source, represented by Virchow. A key to that story is that Allende was a student of Westenhöfer, a disciple of Virchow who lived in Chile three times (1908-1911, 1929-1932, and 1948-1957). Based on primary sources and contextual data, this article problematizes the relationship between Allende and Westenhöfer, and questions the influence of Virchow in Chilean social medicine.

Resumen En el marco de la historia de la medicina social latinoamericana, numerosos trabajos historiográficos han presentado un vínculo armónico entre Rudolf Virchow, Max Westenhöfer y Salvador Allende, afirmando una procedencia virtuosa de las ideas de la medicina social latinoamericana en una prestigiosa fuente europea, como es la que representa Virchow. Un dato crucial en ese relato es que Allende habría sido estudiante de Westenhöfer; un discípulo de Virchow que vivió en Chile en tres ocasiones (1908-1911, 1929-1932 y 1948-1957). Este trabajo problematiza, usando fuentes primarias y datos de contexto, la relación entre Allende y Westenhöfer, y cuestiona la influencia de Virchow sobre el pensamiento médico-social en Chile.

Transplantes de microbiota fecal para tratamento da colite pseudomembranosa (1958-2013): prioridade de descoberta e estilos de pensamento na literatura acadêmica / Fecal microbiota transplants in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis (1958-2013): priority of discovery and thought styles in the academic literature

Resumo Em 1958, Eiseman e colaboradores publicaram o primeiro artigo científico relatando o uso de transplante de microbiota fecal para tratar casos graves de colite pseudomembranosa. A relevância desse trabalho inovador só foi reconhecida em 1990. A literatura acadêmica sobre o tema caracteriza-se por sucessivas reconstruções. Sugerimos que tais reconstruções foram orientadas por questões de atribuição de prioridade de descoberta científica nos termos propostos por Merton. A retomada do uso de transplantes de microbiota fecal é interpretada como processo de gênese de um fato científico, conforme Fleck: ocorre a mudança de um estilo de pensamento baseado no uso de antibióticos no tratamento de doenças infecciosas para outro que considera as relações ecológicas entre hospedeiros, vetores e agentes etiológicos de doenças.

Abstract In 1958, Eiseman and contributors published the first scientific paper reporting the use of fecal microbiota transplant for treating pseudomembranous colitis. The relevance of this innovative paper was only acknowledged in 1990. The academic literature on the theme is characterized by a narrative that has undergone successive revisions. We suggest that such revisions were based on claims of priority of scientific discoveries, as described by Merton. The revival of fecal microbiota transplants is interpreted as a process of genesis of a scientific fact, as defined by Fleck: there is a switch from a thought style based on the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases to another that accepts the ecological relations between hosts, vectors and parasites.