When Walter Freeman Came to Town: The Prefrontal Lobotomy at Rochester State Hospital.

In the United States, frontal lobe lesioning procedures have been uniformly linked to the neurologist Walter Freeman, although the prefrontal lobotomy was investigated in other institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, Russia, Japan, and China, mostly in patients with psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or intractable pain syndromes. These procedures were based on earlier reports of improvement of psychiatric symptoms after surgical resection of frontal lobe tumors and led many to infer a causal relationship between frontal lobe dysfunction and abnormal behavior. Freeman first visited Rochester, MN, as a medical student in a gastrointestinal laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. Freeman visited Rochester again many years later, a visit that was received with trepidation but ultimately led to the adoption of his lobotomy method. Freeman's grandfather, W.W. Keen, was a highly respected surgeon credited with the first successful surgical resection of a benign brain tumor in the United States, a connection that may have contributed to Freeman's subsequent interest in performing lobotomies. Keen maintained a close relationship with the Mayo brothers and also advocated for Freeman's initial visit to the Mayo Clinic. In this article, we present a brief historical review of Freeman and the early reports of the prefrontal lobotomy procedure performed by consultants affiliated with the Mayo Clinic and Rochester State Hospital.

Haitian State Hospital Orthopedic Grand Rounds Series: A Virtual Curriculum to Address Global Surgery Needs.

Background: Orthopedic Relief Services International (ORSI), in partnership with the Foundation for Orthopedic Trauma and the department of Orthopedic Surgery of La Paix University Hospital in Haiti, has developed a year-round Orthopedic Grand Round series. This series is moderated by Haitian faculty, features presentations by American orthopedic surgeons, and is broadcast to major state hospitals in Haiti for residents and attendings. Objective: To introduce clinical concepts and increase knowledge in an area that is medically underserved, especially in the field of orthopedics, through lectures that tailor to the educational needs of Haiti. Methods: Topics for lecture series are requested by Haitian attending orthopedic surgeons and residents in collaboration with American orthopedic surgeons to meet the educational needs of the residents in Haiti. These lectures reflect the case mix typically seen at state hospitals in Haiti and consider the infrastructural capacity of participating centers. Grand rounds are held an average of twice per month for an hour each, encompassing an educational lesson followed by an open forum for questions and case discussion. Feedback is taken from Haitian residents to ensure the sessions are beneficial to their learning. Findings and Conclusions: To date 95 sessions hosted by 32 lecturers have been completed over Zoom between the US and Haiti. The fourth year of the lecture series is currently ongoing with an expansion of topics. In an underserved medical area such as Haiti, programs that educate local surgeons are crucial to continuing the growth and development of the medical community. Programs like this have the potential to contribute to the educational infrastructure of countries in need, regardless of the specialty. The model of this program can be used to produce similar curricula in various specialties and areas around the world.

Indicadores de qualidade em terapia nutricional enteral em unidades de terapia intensiva / Quality indicators in enteral nutritional therapy in intensive care units

desnutrição é uma condição frequente em pacientes críticos. Isso pode ser acentuado devido uma oferta inadequada, por meio da nutrição enteral. Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de qualidade para identificar frequência de eventos relacionados à terapia nutricional enteral. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital de urgência e trauma, na cidade de Goiânia (GO), com pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), no período de outubro de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários eletrônicos preenchidos por profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e nutricionistas da unidade. Resultados: A adequação de volume prescrito versus volume infundido foi de 86,59%. A frequência de administração de energia resultou em 3,23% de adequação de energia. A frequência de dias de administração adequada de proteína apresentou-se adequada, correspondendo a ≥ 10% da frequência de dias de administração adequada de proteína. Conclusão: O volume prescrito versus volume infundido e dias de administração adequada de proteína apresentaram-se adequados. Houve relevantes inadequações calóricas entre calorias prescritas e calorias recebidas, sugerindo que os pacientes se encontravam com déficits energéticos importantes. Esta inadequação de ingestão calórica, caso não seja revertida, é prejudicial a estes pacientes, ocasionando diversas complicações clínicas, afetando diretamente o desfecho e/ou a alta do paciente

Malnutrition is a frequent condition in critically ill patients. This can be accentuated due to inadequate supply through enteral nutrition. Objective: To analyze quality indicators to identify the frequency of events related to enteral nutritional therapy. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study, carried out in an emergency and trauma hospital, in the city of Goiânia (GO), with patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), in the period of October 2021. Data collection was carried out through electronic medical records completed by medical professionals, nurses and nutritionists at the unit. Results: The adequacy of prescribed volume versus infused volume was 86.59%. The frequency of energy delivery resulted in 3.23% energy adequacy. The frequency of days of adequate protein administration was adequate, corresponding to ≥ 10% of the frequency of days of adequate protein administration. Conclusion: The prescribed volume versus infused volume and days of adequate protein administration were adequate. There were relevant caloric inadequacies between prescribed and received calories, suggesting that patients had significant energy deficits. This inadequacy of caloric intake, if not reversed, is harmful to these patients, causing several clinical complications, directly affecting the outcome and/or discharge of the patient

Reanimación neonatal en sala de partos en Villa Clara / Neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room in Villa Clara province

Introducción: La pérdida de bienestar fetal perinatal es la situación que con mayor frecuencia condiciona la necesidad de reanimación cardiopulmonar del recién nacido en el momento del parto. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los neonatos reanimados en la sala de partos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Ginecoobstétrico Mariana Grajales de Santa Clara desde enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2021. La muestra coincidió con el universo y estuvo compuesta por 106 neonatos que obtuvieron una puntuación de Apgar bajo (inferior a siete), evaluado al primer minuto después del nacimiento que requirieron alguna maniobra de reanimación neonatal en la sala de partos. Se empleó cálculo de frecuencias absoluta y relativa, además de contraste de proporciones mediante Chi-Cuadrado para las variables cualitativas como resultado de esta prueba. Resultados: Fueron más frecuentes los recién nacidos con peso normal (75,5 por ciento), al término de la gestación (65,1 por ciento) y del sexo masculino (61,3 por ciento). La cesárea como vía final del parto (51,9 por ciento) y la presencia de líquido amniótico meconial; fueron variables con mayor porcentaje dentro de las variables perinatales seleccionadas. El 8,5 por ciento de los neonatos reanimados fallecieron. Conclusiones: Las variables clínicas y epidemiológicas más frecuentes en el estudio coincidieron con la literatura consultada. La mayoría de los neonatos reanimados sobrevivieron(AU)

Introduction: Perinatal loss of fetal well-being is the situation that most frequently creates the need for newborn cardiopulmonary resuscitation at delivery. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of neonates resuscitated in the delivery room. Methods: A developmental, descriptive, observational, retrospective and descriptive research was carried out at Mariana Grajales Gynecobstetric University Provincial Hospital, of Santa Clara (Villa Clara Province, Cuba), from January 2017 to December 2021. The sample coincided with the universe and was made up of 106 neonates with low Apgar score (lower than seven), evaluated at the first minute after birth, who required some neonatal resuscitation maneuver in the delivery room. Calculation of absolute and relative frequencies was used, as well as contrast of proportions by chi-square for qualitative variables resulting from this test. Results: Newborns with normal weight (75.5 percent), at term (65.1 percent) and male (61.3 percent) were more frequent. Cesarean section as the final route of delivery (51.9 percent) and the presence of meconium amniotic fluid were the variables with the highest percentage from among the selected perinatal variables. 8.5 percent of the resuscitated neonates died. Conclusions: The most frequent clinical and epidemiological variables in the study coincided with the consulted literature. Most of the resuscitated neonates survived(AU)

Incidence of unplanned intensive care unit admission following surgery and associated factors in Amhara regional state hospitals.

Unplanned postoperative critical care admission poses a potential risk to patients and places unanticipated pressure on clinical services and it has become an important parameter to assess patient safety in perioperative services. This study was aimed to determine the incidence of unplanned intensive care unit admission following surgery and the associated factors. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on postoperative patients admitted to the ICU of three hospitals located in the Amhara region. Data were collected via a structured survey tool and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software with binary logistic regression analysis. The statistical significance to identify patient, anesthetic and surgical related factors in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period was < 0.05 for multivariable regression with a 95% confidence interval. Predominantly patients were admitted to the ICU in an unplanned manner. ASA status, preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) level, intraoperative estimated blood loss, and adverse events occurring in the operating room were significantly associated with intensive care unit admission following surgery. Patients who had a low preoperative Hgb value were 35.1 times more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit in an unplanned manner compared with their counterparts [(Adjust odds ratio (AOR) 35.16; CI 12.82, 96.44)]. Patients with ASA II and III were 19.4 and 16.2 times more likely to be admitted to ICU in an unplanned way compared to patients who had ASA I physical status [(AOR 51.79; CI 8.28, 323.94) (AOR 67.8 CI 14.68, 313.53)]. Unplanned ICU admission after surgery was high in this study, suggesting poor perioperative planning, risk stratification, and optimization of patients.

Early mobilization in victims of traumatic brain injury / Mobilização precoce em vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that early mobilization is safe and beneficial for patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs), especially for those with mechanical ventilation (MV). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the benefits of early mobilization physiotherapeutic techniques applied to patients who suffered craniocerebral trauma (CCT). METHODS: This is an experimental study that evaluated clinical data from 27 patients. In sedated patients, mobilization and passive stretching were performed on the upper and lower limbs; in those without sedation, active-assisted, free and resisted exercises were included. RESULTS: The experimental group was composed of 51.8% of the participants and the control group by 48.2%, the majority being male (81.5%) with a median age of 43 years. The patients in the experimental group had an average of 9.5 days (2.2-14.7) of mechanical ventilation (MV), and those belonging to the control group, of 17 days (7-21.7) with MV (p=0.154). The patients in the experimental group had an average of 13.5 days in the ICU, against an average of 17 days in the control group (p=0.331), and an average of 20.5 days in hospital against 24 days in the control group (p=0.356). CONCLUSION: Early mobilization should be applied to critically ill patients as it can decrease the length of stay in the ICU and the hospital.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a mobilização precoce é segura e benéfica para pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs), especialmente para aqueles com ventilação mecânica (VM). OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios das técnicas fisioterapêuticas de mobilização precoce aplicada aos pacientes que sofreram traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quasi-randomizado, que incluiu 27 com TCE divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=13) e experimental (n=14) pacientes. No grupo experimental, os pacientes sedados foram submetidos à mobilização e alongamentos passivos nos membros superiores e inferiores; naqueles sem sedação, foram incluídos exercícios ativo-assistidos, livres e resistidos. RESULTADOS: O grupo experimental foi composto por 51,8% dos participantes da pesquisa e o grupo controle por 48,2%, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (81,5%) com mediana de idade de 43 anos. Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 9,5 dias (2,2-14,7) de ventilação mecânica, e os pertencentes ao grupo controle, de 17 dias (7-21,7) com de VM (p=0,154). Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 13,5 dias de internação em UTI, contra média de 17 dias do grupo controle (p=0,331), e média de 20,5 dias de internação hospitalar contra 24 dias do grupo controle (p=0,356). CONCLUSÃO: A mobilização precoce é uma técnica que deve ser aplicada em pacientes críticos dentro das UTIs, pois pode diminuir o tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalar.

A Educação Permanente em Saúde nos hospitais estaduais do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Permanent education in health in state hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a Política Estadual de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PEEPS) no âmbito dos hospitais da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SES/RJ). Defendeu a seguinte tese: mostrar que as ações de EPS direcionadas aos profissionais de saúde dos hospitais da SES/RJ, gerenciados por Organizações Sociais (OSS) e pela Fundação Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FSERJ), são ações de educação que divergem das concepções de EPS expressas na Política nacional de EPS e na PEEPS/RJ. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, usando os documentos do PlanejaSUS do ERJ e dos contratos de gestão da SES/RJ celebrados com OSS e FSERJ, todos publicados no período de 2007 a 2020. A pesquisa evidenciou ausência de indicadores para EPS em diversos contratos de gestão, diferentes indicadores de EPS em um único contrato de gestão e inexistência de relatos sobre ações de EPS em diversas prestações de contas anuais. O estudo aponta sugestões que possibilitam melhorar a capilaridade e gestão da PEEPS/RJ para os hospitais estaduais da SES/RJ.

The research aimed to analyze the State Policy of Permanent Education in Health (PEEPS) in the scope of hospitals of the State Department of Health of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SES/RJ). He defended the following thesis: to show that EPS actions aimed at health professionals at SES/RJ hospitals, managed by Social Organizations (OSS) and by the Fundação Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FSERJ), are educational actions that diverge of the EPS concepts expressed in the national EPS Policy and in the PEEPS/RJ. The methodology used was document analysis, based on the content analysis technique, using the documents of PlanningSUS do ERJ and the SES/RJ management contracts signed with OSS and FSERJ, all published between 2007 and 2020. The research evidenced the absence of indicators for EPS in several management contracts, different indicators of EPS in a single management contract and inexistence of reports on EPS actions in several annual accounts. The study points out suggestions that make it possible to improve the capillarity and management of PEEPS/RJ for the state hospitals of SES/RJ.

Hospital de Santa Isabel, a dos siglos de su fundación / Hospital of Santa Isabel, two centuries from its foundation

RESUMEN Con el crecimiento económico, cultural y demográfico de Matanzas, alcanzado entre 1818 y 1839, se sentaron las bases para el surgimiento de edificaciones imprescindibles como el antiguo Hospital de Santa Isabel. Esta institución fue inaugurada el 24 de julio de 1838. Durante la Colonia fue usado con fines civiles y militares, y entregado al gobierno norteamericano en agosto de 1899. En la Neocolonia brindó atención ininterrumpida a la población matancera. Fue remodelado en 1947, y en el período revolucionario se instituyó como hospital general, civil y docente hasta 2016, en que se reacondiciona para convertirse en el actual Hospital Provincial Docente Ginecobstétrico José Ramón López Tabrane. Es el hospital más longevo en funciones de la Isla (AU).

ABSTRACT With the economic, cultural and demographic growth of Matanzas, reached between 1818 and 1839, the grounds were laid for the emergence of indispensable buildings such as the old Hospital de Santa Isabel. This institution was inaugurated on July 24, 1838. During the colonial period it was used for civilian and military purposes, and handed over to the American government in August 1899. In the neocolonial period, it provided uninterrupted attention to the population of Matanzas. It was remodeled in 1947, and in the revolutionary period it was instituted as a general, civil and teaching hospital until 2016, in which it was re-conditioned to become the current Provincial Teaching Gyneco-obstetric Hospital José Ramón López Tabrane. It is the longest functioning hospital on the Island (AU).

Implementación de un código de trauma en un servicio de emergencias de un hospital nacional / Implementation of a trauma code

Resumen Objetivo: Desarrollar una propuesta accesible a la realidad local de un hospital general terciario (Hospital Calderón Guardia) para la implementación de un código de trauma, basada en la mejor evidencia médico científica disponible. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía; se buscaron los trabajos de investigación publicados a nivel nacional e internacional sobre la conformación y criterios relativos al código de trauma, su implementación, sus desafíos, y sus limitaciones; mediante 3 buscadores: Scielo, Pubmed y Ovid. Se incluyeron estudios con diversa metodología, disponibles en inglés o español. Resultados: Treinta artículos publicados en revistas indexadas fueron seleccionados y la información se agrupó en las siguientes categorías: Conformación del equipo de trauma en la activación de los códigos para cada hospital, criterios de activación, niveles de activación, experiencia local y limitaciones. Dicha información permitió identificar dos elementos principales para conseguir un beneficio: la conformación de un equipo multidisciplinario de primera respuesta para los pacientes más graves y la estandarización de criterios específicos para la activación de dicho equipo; entonces, se procedió a elaborar y proponer un modelo viable y concordante con las características del servicio hospitalario. Conclusión: La implementación hospitalaria de un modelo de código de trauma supone un impacto positivo en los desenlaces de morbi-mortalidad, a través de dos 2 mecanismo principales: la conformación de un equipo multidisciplinario de primera respuesta para los pacientes más graves y la estandarización de criterios específicos para la activación de dicho equipo; por lo que se elaboró un modelo ajustado a las necesidades y recursos del hospital.

Abstract Objective: To develop a proposal of a trauma code accessible to the local characteristics of a tertiary general hospital (Hospital Calderón Guardia) based on the best clinical evidence available. Methods: A literary search was made of national and international scientific papers regarding several aspects about trauma code, it´s implementation, it´s challenges, main benefits, and it´s limitations in 3 main web search portals: Scielo, PubMed and Ovid. We included paper studies in English and Spanish. Results: Thirty scientific papers from index journals were selected for review and the following data were extracted: Trauma team conformation, trauma team activation criteria, levels for trauma team activation, local experience, and limitations. That information allowed us to identify 2 main beneficial elements: the conformation of the trauma team and the standardization of the specific criteria necessary for its activation. Also, we elaborated a proposal for a viable model in accordance with our resources. Conclusion: According to scientific review, trauma code implementation in any institution associates a positive impact in clinical patient outcomes through 2 main mechanisms: the conformation of a multidisciplinary trauma team response of severe trauma patients, and the standardization of criteria for activation of the trauma teams. With these findings we elaborated a proposal adjusted to the needs and resources of Hospital Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia.

Colecistectomía videolaparoscópica en el Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, Matanzas, 2014-2017 / Video laparoscopic cholecistectomy in the Military Hospital of Matanzas. 2014-2017

RESUMEN Introducción: en enero de 2000, comenzó la cirugía videolaparoscópica en el Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, de la ciudad de Matanzas. El equipo quirúrgico, en esa época, lo constituían cirujanos con varios años de experiencia y con una sólida formación en cirugía convencional. También poseían habilidades demostradas en la realización de colecistectomía a cielo abierto. A partir de 2011, una nueva generación de cirujanos desarrolló la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, con poca experiencia en cirugía a cielo abierto. Por lo tanto, se presentó la contradicción de que cada vez menos cirujanos tenían la experiencia técnica que requieren los casos más difíciles. Objetivo: determinar la seguridad en la realización de la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Materiales y métodos: Investigación observacional, descriptiva y retrospectiva de los pacientes intervenidos de afecciones biliares benignas, por la técnica de colecistectomía laparoscópica, entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2017. Resultados: fueron colecistectomizados 2 016 pacientes. De ellos, 1 759 (87 %) correspondieron al sexo femenino, y 257 (13 %) al masculino. Comorbilidades presentes en el 46,3 %. Cirugías: electivas, 1 801; urgentes, 215. Eventos adversos, 38 (1,88 %). Conversiones, 28 (1,3 %). Mortalidad operatoria, 5 (0,24 %). Conclusiones: resultan seguras las colecistectomías laparoscópicas por el bajo índice de eventos adversos, conversiones y mortalidad operatoria (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: video laparoscopic surgery began in January 2000, at the Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Military Hospital. The surgical team, at that time, were surgeons with years of experience and a solid training in conventional surgery. They also had demonstrated skills in performing open cholecystectomy. Starting in 2011, a new generation of surgeons developed minimally invasive surgery, with little experience in open surgery. Therefore, it arose the paradox that fewer and fewer surgeons had the technical experience required in the most difficult cases. Objective: to determine the safety in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: retrospective, descriptive and observational research of the patients who underwent surgeries of benign biliary conditions, by the technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the period January 2014- December 2017. Results: 1759 patients were cholecystectomized. 87.25% were female ones and 257 (13%) were male: Comorbidities were present in 46.3%. 1 801 were elective surgeries; emergency surgeries were 215. There were 38 (1.88%) adverse events and 28 (1.3%) conversions. The operatory mortality was 5 (0.24%). Conclusions: laparoscopic cholecystectomy are safe because of the low index of adverse events, conversion and operatory mortality (AU).

Análise organizacional da central de materiais e esterilização pertinentes à alta rotatividade de equipes de enfermagem / Organizational analysis of the materials and sterilization center relating to the high rotativity of nursing teams

Introdução: Os elevados índices de infecções hospitalares impactavam os serviços prestados, consolidando a implantação da Central de Materiais e Esterilização (CME), conceituada como uma unidade de apoio aos serviços assistenciais e diagnósticos que realiza o processamento dos artigos médico-hospitalares. O quadro de funcionários era composto por profissionais não aptos para prestarem assistência direta, incitando a desvalorização da unidade. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico recorrente, fez-se necessário um quadro de funcionários mais qualificado e interessado, porém o setor ainda encontra dificuldades na capacitação dos funcionários devido à alta rotatividade de pessoal. Objetivo: Identificar os principais fatores que contribuem para os elevados índices de rotatividade de funcionários na CME, avaliar mudanças na produtividade devido à perda de mão-de-obra constante, identificar as insatisfações da equipe e levantar o nível sociodemográfico dos profissionais. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com as equipes de enfermagem atuantes na CME do Hospital Estadual de Bauru (HEB), embasando-se em um roteiro composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas. Resultados: Nota-se prevalência do gênero feminino, nível socioeconômico baixo, ambiente propício a riscos ocupacionais, predomínio de técnicos em enfermagem, contratações por preenchimento de vaga e remanejamento involuntário, presença inconstante de capacitações e treinamentos, permanência da desvalorização instituída, extenso ritmo de produção, além de despreparo e desinteresse dos profissionais, elementos que motivam a alta rotatividade na CME. Considerações Finais: O estudo salientou os principais elementos que influenciam na alta rotatividade, permitindo evidenciar a importância da implementação de capacitações e treinamentos recorrentes.

Introduction:The high rates of hospital infections impacted the services provided, consolidating the implementation of the Sterilization and Materials Processing Center (CME), conceptualized as a support unit for care and diagnostic services that performs the processing of medical and hospital articles. The staff was composed of professionals unable to provide direct assistance, encouraging the devaluation of the unit. The recurrent technological development demanded more qualified and interested staff, but the sector still encounters difficulties training employees due to a high staff turnover. Objective: To identify the main factors contributing to the high rates of employee turnover in the CME, evaluate changes in productivity due to constant labor loss, identify team dissatisfaction, and raise the sociodemographic level of professionals. Methodology: Anexploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out with the nursing teams working in the CME of the Hospital Estadual de Bauru (HEB), based on a script composed of open and closed questions.Results:We note the prevalence of females, an unsatisfactory socioeconomic level, an environment conducive to occupational risks, a predominance of nursing technicians, hiring for filling vacancies and involuntary relocation, a fickle presence of training, permanence of the devaluation instituted, an extensive production, in addition to unpreparedness and lack of professionals as elements that increase the high rotation in the CME. Final Considerations:The study highlighted the main elements influencing high turnover, highlighting the importance of implementing recurrent training.

Convivendo com múltiplos sintomas: a experiência de crianças e adolescentes com condição crônica / Living with multiple symptoms: the experience of children and adolescents with chronic condition / Vivir con múltiples síntomas: la experiencia de niños y adolescentes con condición crónica

Objetivo: compreender como é a experiência das crianças/adolescentes de conviver com sintomas de uma condição crônica. Método: abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como referencial a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os participantes foram 11 crianças e adolescentes de seis a 18 anos incompletos hospitalizados em um hospital estadual universitário. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica "draw, write and tell". As entrevistas foram audiogravadas e transcritas, e a análise seguiu os passos do referencial. Resultados: apreendeu-se a categoria "Tendo que conviver com os sintomas", que engloba cinco subcategorias que apresentam sintomas físicos, emocionais e gerais, a convivência com a multiplicidade de sintomas simultâneos e as consequências de se conviver com eles. Conclusão: a convivência com diversos sintomas leva a limitações. A enfermagem precisa favorecer a expressão das vivencias das crianças/adolescentes, minimizando situações de estresse e melhorar o gerenciamento dos sintomas, através do planejamento de estratégias individualizadas.

Objective: to comprehend children's or adolescents' experiences of living with symptoms of a chronic condition. Method: on a qualitative approach, taking Grounded Theory as a frame of reference and 11 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years hospitalized in a state university hospital as participants, data were collected by semi-structured interview using the "draw, write, and tell" technique. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then analyzed following the steps of Grounded Theory. Results: analysis identified the category "Having to live with symptoms", which comprised 5 subcategories featuring physical, emotional and general symptoms, the experience of living with multiple simultaneous symptoms, and the consequences of living with them. Conclusion: living with several symptoms entails limitations. Nursing needs to favor children's and adolescents' expressions of their experiences in order to minimize stressful situations and improve symptom management by planning individualized strategies.

Objetivo: comprender las experiencias de niños o adolescentes de vivir con síntomas de una enfermedad crónica. Método: con un enfoque cualitativo, tomando como marco de referencia la Teoría Fundamentada y como participantes a 11 niños y adolescentes de 6 a 18 años hospitalizados en un hospital universitario estatal, los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevista semiestructurada utilizando el método "dibujar, escribir y decir "técnica. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas, y luego analizadas siguiendo los pasos de Grounded Theory. Resultados: el análisis identificó la categoría "Tener que vivir con síntomas", que comprendía 5 subcategorías que presentaban síntomas físicos, emocionales y generales, la experiencia de vivir con múltiples síntomas simultáneos y las consecuencias de vivir con ellos. Conclusión: vivir con varios síntomas conlleva limitaciones. La enfermería debe favorecer la expresión de las experiencias de los niños y adolescentes para minimizar las situaciones estresantes y mejorar el manejo de los síntomas mediante la planificación de estrategias individualizadas

Results of Radiological and Serological Screenings in Individuals Sharing the Same Living Area as Patients with Hydatid Cyst in Afghanistan's State Hospital

Objective: To determine the results of radiological and serological screenings in individuals who shared the same living space as patients with hydatid cyst in a State Hospital of Afghanistan. Methods: Patients presenting with hydatid cyst to a public hospital in Afghanistan were included in this study. Full sampling method was used. Also, the relatives of the patients were called to the hospital and investigated for the presence of hydatid cyst antibodies through direct chest X-ray, upper abdominal ultrasonography and ELISA. Results: During the study period, a total of 214 patients, including 102 male and 112 female, underwent radiological and serological screenings. While cysts were radiologically detected in the liver, lung and spleen in 8, 2 and 1 patient, respectively, the serology was positive in 22 patients. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was concluded that the patients who shared the same environment as the patients who were diagnosed with hydatid cyst in an endemic region for cyst hydatid disease.

Microorganismos más frecuentes en infecciones cutáneas en el Hospital Provincial General Ambato / Most frequent microorganisms in skin infections at the General Provincial Hospital "Ambato"

Las infecciones cutáneas producidas por microorganismos afectan directamente a la piel, partes blandas y tejidos, donde proliferan y ocasionan graves alteraciones. Estas infecciones constituyen un problema de salud pública, ya que muchos microorganismos muestran resistencia a antimicrobianos comunes y no comunes, lo cual incide directamente en la aplicación del tratamiento adecuado al paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los microorganismos más frecuentes en infecciones cutáneas, su sensibilidad y resistencia a los antibióticos en los pacientes con infección que acudieron al Hospital Provincial General "Ambato" en el período mayo 2017 ­ junio 2018. La metodología empleada en esta investigación se basa en un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, empleando la técnica documental y el reporte de resultados como instrumento. La información se tabuló y analizó mediante el paquete operativo Microsoft 2010. Se encontró que en el 29% de las muestras procesadas se aisló Staphylococcus aureus como el más frecuente en este tipo de infecciones, con mayor sensibilidad a Clindamicina, Doxacilina y Linezolid (100%) y resistencia a Penicilinas y Oxacilina (47,82%). Es importante destacar que el 47,83 % de las cepas de S. aureus aisladas expresaron fenotípicamente el gen mecA. La entidad clínica más frecuente asociada a este tipo de infección fue el ectima con un 55%. En conclusión, se comprobó la resistencia de cepas a diversos antibióticos presentando las más relevantes como meticilino resistentes, vancomicina resistentes y Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemasas

The skin infections caused by microorganisms directly alter the skin, soft tissues and tissues cause serious damage and the proliferation of them, which is a problem for health centers and hospitals, since these microorganisms are often resistant to antibacterial which are not very common is a problem for the treatment of the patient. The objective of this study was to identify the most frequent microorganisms in cutaneous infections, their sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics in the patients with infection who when to the General Provincial Hospital "Ambato", in the period May 2017 - June 2018 the methodology used in this investigation is based on a descriptive cutting study cross-section and qualitative-quantitative approach, using the documentary technique and the report of results as an instrument. The information was tabulated and analyzed using the Microsoft 2010 operating package. It was found that 29% of the samples processed were isolated Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequent in this type of infections, with greater sensitivity to Clindamycin, Doxacillin and Linezolid (100%) and resistance to Penicillins and Oxacillin (47,82%). It is important to note that 47,82% of strains of S. aureus were expressly phenotypically expressed in the mecA gene. The most frequent clinical entity associated with this type of infection was efficacy with 55%. In conclusion, the resistance of strains in several antibiotics was proved, presenting the most relevant ones as methicillin resistant, vancomycin resistant and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemasas.

Prática clínica de enfermagem para a redução da ansiedade em pacientes no pré-operatório cardíaco: pesquisa intervenção / Práctica clínica de enfermería para la reducción de la ansiedad en pacientes durante el preoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas: investigación e intervención / Clinical nursing practice for the reduction of anxiety in patients in the cardiac preoperative period: an intervention research

OBJETIVO: identificar a contribuição de intervenções de enfermagem para a redução da ansiedade em pacientes em pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO: estudo do tipo Pesquisa de Intervenção, realizado em dois meses de 2018, com 20 pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três momentos. RESULTADOS: revelou-se que o ser-cardíaco no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca é predominantemente do sexo masculino, hipertenso, aguardando realização de troca valvar. Mostraram-se fatores de risco significativos para a ansiedade: linguagem técnica dos profissionais, experiência prévia de cirurgia cardíaca e o cancelamento desta durante a internação. DISCUSSÃO: Estudos prévios também apresentaram resultados semelhantes aos encontrados neste, confirmando, ainda, o papel fundamental da enfermagem no enfrentamento da ansiedade que é tão comum na espera da cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: Neste contexto, as intervenções de enfermagem podem contribuir para significativa redução da ansiedade dos pacientes, gerando resultados positivos para o paciente e para a instituição de saúde.

OBJETIVO: identificar la contribución de las intervenciones de enfermería para reducir la ansiedad durante el período preoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. MÉTODO: Estudio Investigación e Intervención, realizado en dos meses de 2018, con 20 pacientes. La recolección de datos se realizó en tres momentos. RESULTADOS: se reveló que el paciente cardíaco en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca es predominantemente masculino, hipertenso y espera reemplazo valvular. Se advirtieron factores de riesgo significativos para la ansiedad: lenguaje técnico de los profesionales, experiencia previa en cirugía cardíaca y su cancelación durante la hospitalización. DISCUSIÓN: estudios anteriores arrojaron resultados similares a los encontrados en la presente investigación, confirmándose, no obstante, el papel fundamental de la enfermería en el manejo de la ansiedad, muy común cuando se espera por la cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: en este contexto, las intervenciones de enfermería pueden contribuir a una reducción significativa de la ansiedad de los pacientes, generando resultados positivos para el paciente y la institución de salud.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the contribution of nursing interventions in order to reduce anxiety in patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHOD: An Intervention Research study, conducted during two months of 2018 with 20 patients. Data collection was carried out in three moments. RESULTS: It was revealed that the cardiac patient in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery is predominantly male, hypertensive, awaiting valve replacement. Significant risk factors for anxiety were shown: the technical language of the professionals, previous experience of cardiac surgery, and its cancellation during hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Previous studies have also presented results similar to those found in this study, confirming the fundamental role of nursing in coping with anxiety which is so common when waiting for surgery. CONCLUSION: In this context, nursing interventions may contribute to a significant reduction in patients' anxiety, generating positive results for the patient and for the health institution.

Epidemiological profile and study on waiting lists for corneal transplants in a tertiary hospital

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies and about patients' waiting time on queues for corneal transplantation are important, as they allow us to know the assisted population and assist the medical team. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological and demographic profile of patients undergoing corneal transplantation from January 2014 to September 2018 at a teaching hospital in the city of Santo André, as well as their waiting time for the procedure. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study, performed through analysis of medical records and data from the website of the Government of the State of São Paulo's transplant center. The study was conducted at the External and Corneal Diseases sector of the discipline of Ophthalmology from Centro Universitário FMABC. The following data were evaluated: gender, age, race, origin and waiting time for the patient to have a transplant. RESULTS: A total of 139 corneal transplant patients were recruited for the study, with a mean age of 47.4±23 years. According to gender, just over half of the transplanted were female (50.4%). Regarding to skin color, 45.3% of the patients were white, 44.6% were brown and 10.1% were black. As for their origin, most patients were from the city of Santo André. CONCLUSION: This study enabled the assessment and knowledge of the epidemiological profile and waiting time for corneal transplantation in our patients. This information is important, as it helps us to understand the profile of the assisted population and in the organization and planning of the medical team, contributing to better guidance and care for the patients.

The importance of the injury severity scores and revised trauma scores for moderate traumas: A state hospital experience.

BACKGROUND: The degree of damage presents a pressing issue in determining trauma severity. Various trauma-scoring systems, such as the injury severity and revised trauma scores, are used worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the functionalities of these two trauma scoring systems, which are presently used frequently and have scientifically evolved at the state hospital level. METHODS: Following approval from the ethics committee to conduct clinical studies with retrospective archive screening, data between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, were retrospectively analysed for determining the factors affecting mortality in all patients diagnosed with traumatic injury in 29 Mayis State Hospital. Incomplete or unclear data were excluded from this study. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables; percentage and frequency values were used for binary variables. For evaluating continuous variables, Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used in independent groups based on their distribution status. Dichotomous variables were evaluated using the chi-square test. The results and significant in univariate analyses were evaluated again by the linear and binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: Mean age of all patients was 37.53±14.47 years [male (35.68±13.9) versus female (40.61±15.1) (p=0.116)]. Mean injury trauma score for the general population was 3.18±8.46. No dissimilarity was noted regarding gender for the injury severity score (ISS) [(3.93±10.49 versus 1.91±2.34) (p=0.727)]. Regarding age, for revised trauma score (RTS), no statistical significance was noted [(7.60±0.91 versus 7.81±0.16) (p=0.207)]. Regarding the injury mechanism, we detected a difference between the two trauma scores; both ISS and RTS also had statistical significance. The results were found for ISS [penetrant (6.56±6.47) versus blunt (2.45±8.68) (p=0.002)] and for RTS [penetrant (7.41±0.54) versus blunt (7.74±0.79) (p=0.001)]. After the final statistics with logistic linear regression, the respiratory rate was statistically significant for penetrant injury [AOR 0.22 (0.001, 0.47) (p≤0.05)]. In the detailed subanalysis for RTS score components, respiratory rate was also significant in moderate traumas [AOR 0.22 (0.001, 0.47) (p=0.004)]. CONCLUSION: Both ISS and RTS are nonsignificant in all moderate injury types. On the other hand, respiratory rate is an important marker, especially in penetrant moderate injuries.

Atendimento fonoaudiológico no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital de referência / Speech-language therapist care in the pre and postoperative of bariatric surgery in a reference hospital

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o serviço de fonoaudiologia no pré e pósoperatório dos usuários candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e/ou metabólica em um hospital especializado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, descritivo, realizado com os usuários acompanhados pelo Programa de Controle e Cirurgia da Obesidade do Hospital Estadual Geral de Goiânia "Dr. Alberto Rassi", no período de janeiro a setembro de 2019. Resultados e discussão: Foram selecionados 47 participantes para o estudo. O perfil do paciente atendido no serviço é predominante do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39,5 anos. A comorbidade prevalente é a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. São realizados, em média, três atendimentos no pré-operatório da cirurgia bariátrica, contemplando anamnese e avaliação. Nos demais atendimentos, até alta fonoaudiológica para cirurgia, são realizados treinos mastigatórios, exercícios oromiofuncionais para ronco e apneia do sono, e orientações pertinentes ao procedimento cirúrgico. O primeiro atendimento no pós-operatório ocorre com 25 dias de cirurgia e os retornos são agendados mensalmente até o quarto mês e trimestralmente até completar um ano de cirurgia. Conclusão: O atendimento fonoaudiológico no pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica mostrou uma população com ausência de elementos dentários que, por consequente, apresenta prejuízo na função mastigatória. No segundo e terceiro mês de pós-operatório a queixa mais recorrente é com arroz, 27% e 30%, respectivamente, em que os participantes referem sensação de bolos, repercutindo negativamente na deglutição

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to describe the speech therapy care in pre and postoperative in candidates of bariatric/metabolic surgery. Methods: This is a descriptive longitudinal study, managed in patients accompany by the Obesity Control and Surgery Program of the Hospital Estadual Geral de Goiânia "Dr. Alberto Rassi", of January to September 2019. Results: The patient profile treated at the service is predominantly female, with a mean age of 39.5 years. The most noted comorbidity is systemic arterial hypertension. On mean, there are three preoperative visits to bariatric surgery, in the first visit anamnesis, evaluation, masticatory training and exercises for snoring and sleep apnea. In other visits, until speech therapy authorization for surgery, masticatory training, oromiofunctional exercises for snoring and sleep apnea are fulfilled, and guidelines to the surgical procedure. The first postoperative care takes place 25 days after surgery and returns are scheduled monthly until the fourth month and quarterly until one year of surgery. Conclusion: Speech-language therapy in the preoperative of bariatric surgery showed a population with dental problem that cause prejudice in the masticatory function, especially when has an absence of premolars and molars tooth on both dental arches. In the second and third month after surgery, the most common complaint is with rice, 27% and 30%, respectively, which these participants report feeling of bolus, what causes swallowing difficulty