Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection (Wifi) Classification System And Its Predictive Ability Concerning Amputation-Free Survival, Mortality And Major Limb Amputation In A Portuguese Population: A Single Center Experience.

INTRODUCTION: Commonly used chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) classifications lack granularity and detail to precisely stratify patients according to risk of limb loss, expected revascularization benefit and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate in a Portuguese population the prognostic value of an updated CLTI classification based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) proposed by the Society for Vascular Surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center retrospective evaluation of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients with CLTI submitted to lower limb revascularization from January to December of 2017. All consecutive patients with chronic peripheral artery disease with ischemic rest pain or tissue loss were included. The exclusion criteria were patients with intermittent claudication, vascular trauma, acute ischemia, non-atherosclerotic arterial disease and isolated iliac intervention. The primary end-point was major limb amputation, mortality and amputation-free survival (AFS) at 30 days, 1 year and 2 year follow-up. Secondary end-points were minor amputation, wound healing time (WHT) and rate (WHR). RESULTS: A total of 111 patients with CLTI were submitted to infra-inguinal revascularization: 91 endovascular and 20 open surgery. After categorizing them according to the WIfI: 20 had stage 1 (18.52%), 29 stage 2 (26.85%), 38 stage 3 (35.19%) and 21 stage 4 (19.44%). Overall mortality rate was 1.8%, 17% and 22.3% at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years follow-up. Major amputation rate was 0.9%, 2.7% and 2.7% at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years follow-up. AFS rate was 97.3%, 82.1%, and 76.8% at 30 days, 1 year, 2 years follow-up. In multi-variable analysis, higher WIfI score was the only predictive factor for mortality and AFS. WIfI 3 and 4 were also associated with increased risk of non-healing ulcer. CONCLUSION: This study proved the prognostic value of the WIfI classification in a Portuguese population by showing an association between higher scores and increased mortality, lower AFS and non-healing ulcer.

Streptococcus bovis infection of the central nervous system in adults: Report of 4 cases and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features, history and association with intestinal disease in central nervous system (CNS) S. bovis infections. METHODS: Four cases of S. bovis CNS infections from our institution are presented. Additionally a systematic literature review of articles published between 1975 and 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted. RESULTS: 52 studies with 65 cases were found; five were excluded because of incomplete data. In total 64 cases were analyzed including our four cases: 55 with meningitis and 9 with intracranial focal infections. Both infections were frequently associated with underlying conditions (70.3%) such as immunosuppression (32.8%) or cancer (10.9%). In 23 cases a biotype was identified, with biotype II being the most frequent (69.6%) and S. pasteurianus the most common within this subgroup. Intestinal diseases were found in 60.9% of cases, most commonly neoplasms (41.0%) and Strongyloides infestation (30.8%). Overall mortality was 17.1%, with a higher rate in focal infection (44.4% vs 12.7%; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CNS infections due to S. bovis are infrequent and the most common clinical form is meningitis. Compared with focal infections, meningitis had a more acute course, was less associated with endocarditis and had a lower mortality. Immunosuppression and intestinal disease were frequent in both infections.

Prevalence of Different Courses of Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection in Four European Countries.

Prevalence of progressive feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection is known to still be high in cats in Europe, especially in Southern Europe, but the prevalence of other outcomes of FeLV infection has not been determined in most countries. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of progressive, regressive, abortive, and focal infection in four European countries, two with a high (Italy, Portugal) and two with a low expected prevalence (Germany, France). Blood samples of 934 cats (Italy: 269; Portugal: 240; France: 107; Germany: 318) were evaluated for the p27 antigen, as well as anti-whole virus, anti-SU, and anti-p15E antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and for proviral DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in whole blood. Positive p27 antigen ELISA results were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-qPCR (RT-qPCR) detecting viral RNA in saliva swabs and/or blood. The outcome of FeLV infection was categorised as progressive (antigen-positive, provirus-positive), regressive (antigen-negative, provirus-positive), abortive (antigen- and provirus-negative, antibody-positive), and focal (antigen-positive, provirus-negative) infection. Overall FeLV prevalence was 21.2% in Italy, 20.4% in Portugal, 9.5% in Germany, and 9.3% in France. Prevalence of progressive, regressive, abortive, and focal infection in Italy was 7.8%, 4.5%, 6.3%, and 2.6%; in Portugal 3.8%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 1.7%; in Germany 1.9%, 1.3%, 3.5%, and 2.8%; in France 1.9%, 3.7%, 2.8%, and 0.9%, respectively. In conclusion, overall FeLV prevalence is still very high, especially in Southern European countries. Therefore, testing, separation of infected cats, and vaccination are still important measures to reduce the risk of FeLV infection.

Asociación entre índice de masa corporal y mortalidad en pacientes críticos con choque séptico / Association between body mass index and mortality in critical ill patients with septic shock

INTRODUCCIÓN. La paradoja de la obesidad propone que, en determinadas enfermedades, los enfermos con obesidad tienen menor mortalidad. OBJETIVO. Asociar el índice de masa corporal con la mortalidad a 30 días en adultos con choque séptico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, multicéntrico. Se analizaron 673 pacientes con choque séptico, ingresados en terapia intensiva de dos hospitales de la ciudad de la ciudad de Quito ­ Ecuador, durante enero 2017 - diciembre 2019. Criterios de inclusión: Mayores a 18 años, choque séptico, registro de peso, talla y condición vital al día 30. Criterios de exclusión: Orden de no reanimación, embarazadas, protocolo de donación de órganos, cuidados paliativos. Las variables se recolectaron a partir de las historias clínicas digitales y físicas de los centros participantes. Las estimaciones de riesgo calculadas se presentaron como OR (Odds Ratio) en el análisis bivariado y OR Adj (OR ajustado) para el análisis multivariado. Un valor de p <0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Todos los análisis estadísticos se realizaron usando el software estadístico R® (Versión 4.1.2). RESULTADOS. La edad promedio fue de 65 años, índice de masa corporal promedio 25,9 Kg/m2 (+4,9 Kg/m2). El 54,3% tuvo índice de masa corporal > 25 Kg/m2. La mortalidad general fue 49.2%. Sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad tuvieron menor mortalidad, OR: 0,48 (IC 95%: 0.34, 0.68; p <0.0001) y OR 0.45 (IC 95 %: 0.28, 0.70; p =0.001) respectivamente, con similar tendencia en el análisis multivariado. Los sujetos con peso bajo tuvieron la mayor mortalidad (OR: 2.12. IC 95%: 0.91 - 5.54. p: 0.097). DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la teoría de paradoja de obesidad, sin embargo, no se realizó evaluación según los niveles de obesidad. CONCLUSIÓN. La mortalidad en choque séptico es menor en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad comparada con sujetos con peso normal o bajo peso.

The obesity paradox proposes that, in certain diseases, patients with obesity have lower mortality. OBJECTIVE. To associate body mass index with 30-day mortality in adults with septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, analytical, retrospective, multicenter, retrospective study. We analyzed 673 patients with septic shock, admitted to intensive care in two hospitals in the city of Quito - Ecuador, during January 2017 - December 2019. Inclusion criteria: older than 18 years, septic shock, weight, height and vital condition at day 30. Exclusion criteria: Do not resuscitate order, pregnant women, organ donation protocol, palliative care. Variables were collected from the digital and physical medical records of the participating centers. Calculated risk estimates were presented as OR (Odds Ratio) in bivariate analysis and OR Adj (adjusted OR) for multivariate analysis. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using R® statistical software (Version 4.1.2). RESULTS. The mean age was 65 years, mean body mass index 25.9 kg/m2 (+4.9 kg/m2). Body mass index > 25 kg/m2 was 54.3%. Overall mortality was 49.2%. Overweight and obese subjects had lower mortality, OR: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.68; p<0.0001) and OR 0.45 (95 % CI: 0.28, 0.70; p=0.001) respectively, with similar trend in multivariate analysis. Underweight subjects had the highest mortality (OR: 2.12. 95% CI: 0.91 - 5.54. p: 0.097). DISCUSSION. The results obtained support the obesity paradox theory, however, assessment according to obesity levels was not performed. CONCLUSIONS. Mortality in septic shock is lower in overweight and obese subjects compared to normal weight or underweight subjects.

Manejo ortoplástico de fractura expuesta de pierna grave: a propósito de un caso / Orthoplastic management of severe open fractures: case report / Tratamento ortoplástico das fraturas expostas grave: relato de caso

Las fracturas expuestas de pierna son lesiones frecuentes, sus principales complicaciones son la infección y la dificultad en la consolidación ósea. El abordaje ortoplástico implica llevar a cabo principios y prácticas de ambas especialidades en forma conjunta, evitando el tratamiento por separado de los problemas que surgen de estas lesiones graves y así intentar disminuir al mínimo las complicaciones. Nuestro objetivo es transmitir la importancia del enfoque ortoplástico en las fracturas expuestas. Se reporta el caso de un paciente adulto, con una fractura de pierna, tibia y peroné expuesta, que requirió múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos en vistas a preservar el miembro. Fueron necesarias variadas estrategias para controlar la infección ósea y reconstruir las partes blandas y óseas. Con el estímulo de la movilidad del tobillo y pie, se logró comenzar a restituir la función del miembro desde el inicio; permitiendo, a las 6 semanas de evolución, el apoyo del miembro mediante una fijación ósea estable. A los 24 meses de seguimiento clínico y radiográfico evidenciamos paciente y familia satisfechos con un excelente resultado funcional según score ASAMI. Se concluye que en pacientes con fracturas expuestas graves, es clave el abordaje ortoplástico para lograr mejores resultados.

Open leg fractures are frequent injuries; the infection and difficulty in bone healing are their main complications. The orthoplastic approach involves carrying out principles and practices of both specialties together, avoiding separate treatment of the problems that arise from these serious injuries and thus minimizing complications. The objective of the article is to convey the importance of the orthoplastic approach in open fractures. We report the case of an adult patient, with an open fractured leg, to required multiple surgical procedures to preserve the limb. Various strategies were necessary to cure the bone infection and reconstruct the soft tissue and bone. The limb function restore was possible promoting the ankle and foot mobility from the beginning and it allowed weight-bearing on the limb through stable bone fixation, at 6 weeks of evolution. We evidenced a patient and family satisfied with an excellent functional result according to the ASAMI score, at 24 moths of clinical and radiographic follow-up. It is concluding that in patients with severe open fractures, the orthoplastic approach is key to obtain better results.

As fraturas expostas da perna são lesões frequentes, suas principais complicações são infecção e dificuldade de consolidação óssea. A abordagem ortoplástica envolve a realização conjunta de princípios e práticas de ambos ases especialidades, evitando o tratamento separado dos problemas decorrentes dessas lesões graves e minimizando assim as complicações. Nosso objetivo é transmitir a importância da abordagem ortoplástica nas fraturas expostas. É relatado o caso de um paciente adulto, com fratura de perna, tíbia e fíbula expostas, necessitando de múltiplos procedimentos cirúrgicos para preservação do membro. Várias estratégias foram necessárias para curar a infecção óssea e reconstruir os tecidos moles e o osso. Foi possível começar a restaurar a função do membro desde o início, com a estimulação da mobilidade do tornozelo e do pé; com 6 semanas de evolução, concedendo cargas ao membro por meio de fixação óssea estável. Apresentou boa evolução, aos 24 meses de acompanhamento clínico y radiográfico, constatamos a satisfação do paciente e família. com um excelente resultado funcional de acordo a pontuação ASAMI. Conclui-sé que em pacientes com fraturas expostas graves, a abordagem ortoplástica é fundamental para obter melhores resultados.

Assessment of oral health condition in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health condition and dental treatments performed in patients in pre-allogeneic HCT. Method: The records of patients treated during 2018 at a Brazilian HCT service were reviewed. The following oral health data were obtained: 1. Decayed, missing and filled teeth / correlated index for primary dentition (DMFT/dmft); 2. Quality of oral hygiene and 3. Dental pathologies: 3.1 Periodontal infectious focus, 3.2 Endodontic infectious focus and 3.3 Carie incidence. All dental procedures performed were surveyed. Results: Thirty-three patients were included, with a mean age of 28.42 (±16.37), 20 male (60%) and 13 female. The average DMFT/dmft found in this study was 10.24 (± 8.37), similar to the index found in the population in southeastern Brazil. The younger study population presented a DMFT/dmft considered high, when compared to the general population. A total of 27.2% of the patients had active caries lesions, 33.3%, foci of periodontal infection, 15.1%, endodontic infectious focus and 40%, poor oral hygiene. Almost half of the patients (48.4%) had to undergo dental intervention, 24.2% needing periodontal scaling, 21.2%, fillings and 12.1%, tooth extractions. Conclusion: We conclude that the studied population had an important incidence of dental pathologies and infectious conditions that could complicate throughout HCT, especially in younger patients, therefore presenting a high demand for dental treatment in the pre-HCT. Studies that assess the impact of dental conditioning on the outcomes of HCT with an emphasis on dental infectious complications, days of hospitalization and survival are necessary."

A rare presentation of blastomycosis as a multi-focal infection involving the spine, pleura, lungs, and psoas muscles in a Saudi male patient: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Blastomycosis is a disease caused by the fungus Blastomyces-a thermally dimorphic fungus that can cause granulomatous and/or purulent infection. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here a case of chronic blastomycosis infection in a 24-year-old male patient from Saudi Arabia who presented with recurrent skin abscesses associated with deep-seated and multilevel paraspinal (dorsal and lumbar) collections and bilateral empyema with pulmonary involvement and bilateral psoas abscesses. The diagnosis was made after a CT-guided pleural biopsy revealed the characteristic histopathological findings of blastomycosis. The patient underwent several drainage procedures and was successfully treated with a long-term course of oral itraconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic blastomycosis may have clinical and radiologic features similar to thoracic tuberculosis or malignant disease. There is no definite clinical symptom of blastomycosis, and thus a high degree of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. This case is a rare form of blastomycosis with chronic multifocal purulent infection and is the second case of blastomycosis reported in Saudi Arabia.

Hidrogel sobre material de fixação em cirurgias maxilofaciais / Hydrogel over synthesis material in maxillofacial surgeries

Introdução: O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma série de casos com o uso do hidrogel protetor em cirurgias maxilofaciais. Relato de caso: Cinco pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgias maxilofaciais diversas e uma camada de hidrogel impregnado com antibiótico recobriu o material de síntese. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sem restrição de idiomas e tempo de publicação, embora a literatura seja escassa sobre o tema pois trata-se de um produto recente, mas já registrado e liberado para uso nos órgãos competentes brasileiros. Considerações finais: O hidrogel protetor mostrou-se efetivo no tratamento e prevenção de infecções por biofilme e apresentou o efeito secundário inesperado de acelerar a reparação local, inclusive diminuindo o tempo de parestesia. É um produto com resultados promissores e, apesar de alguns estudos confirmarem a sua eficácia como antimicrobiano, futuros estudos são necessários para se avaliar a sua eficácia como acelerador de reparação... (AU)

Introduction: The present paper's objective is to report a series of cases using the protective hydrogel in maxillofacial surgeries. Case report: Five patients underwent several maxillofacial surgeries, and a hydrogel layer covered the synthesis material. A literature review was carried out without restriction of languages and publication time, although the literature is scarce because it is a recent product but already registered and released for use in brazilian competent agencies. Final considerations: The protective hydrogel helps treat and prevent biofilm infections and has the unexpected side effect of speeding up a local repair, including decreasing paresthesia. It is a product with promising results and, although some studies confirm its effectiveness as an antimicrobial, future studies are needed to evaluate its effectiveness as a repair accelerator... (AU)

Influência da periodontite apical crônica no desenvolvimento de cardiomiopatia-induzida em ratos / Influence of chronic apical periodontitis on the development of cardiomyopathy-induced in rats

Estudos têm concluído que infecções dentais como periodontite apical (AP) podem potencializar a patogênese de doenças sistêmicas. A cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD) é uma condição que afeta a função do miocárdio, dificultando que o coração funcione eficientemente como uma bomba. Existem estudos correlacionando as infecções endodônticas com doenças cardíacas, associando o papel do processo inflamatório e infeccioso endodôntico no desenvolvimento delas, mas não há estudos que avaliem a relação existente entre estas infecções com CMD. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da periodontite apical crônica no desenvolvimento de cardiomiopatia-induzida em ratos medindo o estresse oxidativo e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes. Quarenta e dois ratos Wistar foram divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo Controle (C) (n=3): sem AP e sem cardiomiopatia-induzida; Grupo AP (n=10): com AP e sem cardiomiopatia-induzida; Grupo CM (n=12): sem AP e com cardiomiopatia-induzida; Grupo APCM (n=17): com AP e com cardiomiopatiainduzida. A AP foi obtida por meio da exposição pulpar dos molares maxilares à cavidade oral por 30 dias. Posteriormente, a CMD foi induzida seguindo a metodologia de O'Connell et al., (2017) usando a indução de "curto prazo". Os animais receberam Doxorrubicina (2,5mg/kg/dose) aplicada em 5 injeções intraperitoneais num período de 2 semanas (dose acumulativa total 12,5mg/kg), os animais do grupo controle e do grupo AP receberam solução salina (0,9% NaCl). Trinta dias após o início da indução da CMD, os animais foram eutanasiados por decapitação através de guilhotina. Para constatar a presença de lesão periapical, as maxilas foram removidas cirurgicamente, dissecadas, fixadas e desmineralizadas para posteriormente serem incluídas e preparadas para análise histológica sob microscopia ótica. Os corações foram coletados, pesados, e imediatamente armazenados para posteriormente realizar a análise bioquímica de peroxidação lipídica (MDA) e de atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (CAT, GPx e SOD). O teste Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para determinar a normalidade das amostras; seguido do teste ANOVA de 1 fator com o teste de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni com um nível de significância de 5%. A peroxidação lipídica aumentou significativamente no grupo APCM com respeito a todos os outros grupos, seguido do grupo CM que teve diferença estatística somente com o grupo AP. No que se refere à enzima antioxidante, os menores valores de atividade foram obtidos no grupo APCM com diferença estatística ao grupo CM. Considerando que os níveis sistêmicos de citocinas e de estresse oxidativo são maiores na presença de AP, e que estes aumentam mais em casos de doenças sistêmicas, provavelmente uma disseminação metastática de produtos da inflamação estariam afetando o tecido miocárdico piorando as condições de CMD no grupo APCM refletindo-se pelo aumento da peroxidação lipídica. Os menores valores da atividade enzimática no grupo APCM pode ser devido a uma depleção nos níveis destas enzimas e/ou na inativação delas por causa de uma maior severidade do dano no miocárdio. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a periodontite apical crônica influencia no desenvolvimento de cardiomiopatia-induzida em ratos, através de um aumento do estresse oxidativo e alteração da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no tecido ventricular.

Life-threatening pathogens in severe/progressive periodontitis: Focal infection risk, future periodontal practice, role of the Periodontology 2000.

Severe/progressive periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and dozens of other serious diseases. Herpesviruses are implicated in severe periodontitis and in specific subsets of each of the above systemic diseases. That both periodontitis and herpesviruses are linked to the same nonoral diseases is consistent with a systemic pathogenic role of periodontal herpesviruses. Effective control of periodontitis-related systemic diseases requires collaboration between dentistry and medicine. Periodontology has emerged as an important preventive medical discipline, and periodontal teaching and practice need to adjust accordingly.

Risk factors for focal involvement in brucellosis.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors of focal involvement in brucellosis. METHODS: The data of brucellosis patients were analyzed retrospectively from 2010 through 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: focal involvement (-) and focal involvement (+). The clinical findings, complications and laboratory findings of patients were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty patients were included in the study. One hundred twenty-seven of the patients (55.2%) were male and mean age was 45.8 ±â€¯17.1 (16-86) years. Focal involvement was observed in 98 (42.6%) patients. The variables that differed significantly between groups were age (P < 0.001), fever (P = 0.016), back pain (P < 0.001), leukocyte (P = 0.012), neutrophil (P = 0.004), platelet (P = 0.002), mean platelet volume (MPV) (P = 0.043) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0.001). Older age (>45 years) and back pain were found to be independent risk factors for predicting focal involvement (P = 0.036 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical findings and markers that are significant in determining focal involvement may be useful in identifying complicated brucellosis.

Paciente pediátrico con tibialización perónea por pseudoartrosis de tibia secundaria a osteomielitis / Pediatric patient with fibular tibialization due to tibial pseudoarthrosis secondary to osteomyelitis

Los defectos óseos secundarios de la tibia en los niños, por procesos infecciosos como la osteomielitis, representan un reto en su tratamiento 1, 2. Históricamente, los defectos en la tibia han sido tratados con un injerto óseo 3. Desde 1983 el uso del injerto autólogo vascularizado con regeneración de los tejidos ha dado resultados favorables 4. La forma más eficaz de estimular la osteogénesis se consigue con un injerto autólogo acompañado de una vascularidad óptima y una conexión con los tejidos blandos.

The bone defects of the tibia in children related to infectious processes such as osteomyelitis, represent a treatment challenge.1,2 Historically, defects in the tibia have been treated with a bone graft.3 Since 1983 use of vascularized autologous graft, with tissue regeneration has met with favorable results.4 The most effective form of osteogenesis is accomplished with an autologous graft accompanied by optimal vascularization and a connection with the soft tissues.

Hiperplasia endometrial simple con complejo focal y sin atipia, en una paciente de 23 años de edad. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Simple endometrial hyperplasia with focal complex without atypia, in a patient of 23 years old. A case presentation and literature review

Resumen Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos. La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

Abstract A case of a 23-year-old patient, previously healthy, G1P0A1, with clinical symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding. The patient was underwent transvaginal ultrasound that reported molar pregnancy, however after making the measurement of serum B-HCG was 0.00 mIU/ml. It was necessary curettage and biopsy to establish histological diagnosis. The result showed simple hyperplasia endometrial with focal complex without atypia. The importance of communication in this case, because at this age, the presentation of this disease is uncommon. The literature published in English, Spanish and French during the last 10 years in the Medline database were reviewed via Pubmed and LILACS. Besides, classical texts was referenced in this article. Simple endometrial hyperplasia in patients under 30 years old is rare. It should be taken into account the presence of atypia on histology, because the risk is greater of malignant transformation.

Coexistencia de micosis pulmonar mixta en paciente inmunocompetente. Primer re-porte de caso, revisión y actualidad / Mixed pulmonary mycosis coexistence in immuno-competent patient. First case report, review and cur-rent affair

La micosis pulmonar mixta es una entidad muy poco común, aún más en pacientes sin inmunodepresión, a continuación, se exponen los hallazgos epidemiológicos y clínicos que explican la masiva invasión micótica en un estado inmune normal. Resumen del Caso: Se trata de una paciente femenina, adulta, sin antecedentes médicos de importancia, que debuta con cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y hemoptisis, la evidencia imagenológica y microbiológica permitió el diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar angio-invasiva coexistente con candidiasis pulmonar; se empleó terapia anti fúngica solucionando así la infección. Conclusión: Una micosis pulmonar mixta depende de la exposición de la fuente de infección y puede coexistir en inmunocompetencia gracias a la acción exfoliativa de los patógenos y los sustratos que el huésped produzca.

Mixed pulmonary mycosis is a very rare entity, even more so in patients without immunosuppression, then the epidemiological and clinical findings explain the massive mycotic invasion in a normal immune state. Case Summary: This case is about a female patient, adult, with medical background, who debuted with acute respiratory failure and hemoptysis, the imaging and microbiological evidence allowed the diagnosis of pulmonary angio-invasive aspergillosis coexisting with pulmonary candidiasis; Antifungal therapy was used to solve the infection Conclusion: A mixed pulmonary mycosis depends on the exposure of the source of infection and can coexist in immunocompetence due to the exfoliative action of the pathogens and the substrates that the host produces.

New alternatives for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection, presentation of 2 clinical cases / Nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento de infección urinaria no complicada, presentación de 2 casos clínicos

Abstract The current perspective on the management of infectious diseases is a challenge for clinicians, because while new antibiotics are developed, bacteria improves its resistance system. That is why this study presents CANTHARIS 9 CH as an alternative treatment for urinary tract infection. This drug has an homeopathic use and it has been tested on humans as an urinary prophylactic. In this text, we present two cases of patients who voluntarily accept to receive this new protocol. Both cases show laboratory confirmation of infection, with quinolone resis tance, among others, and negativization post-treatment with CANTHARIS 9 CH. No side effects were reported in this sample.

Resumen La actual perspectiva en el manejo de enfermedades infecciosas es un reto para el clínico, en la medida en que se desarrollan nuevos antibióticos, las bacterias mejoran su sistema de resistencia. Por esto, este estudio presenta una alternativa al tratamiento de infección urinaria con CANTHARIS 9 CH, medicamento de uso homeopático que tiene estudios en humanos como profiláctico urinario. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes que aceptan voluntariamente recibir este nuevo protocolo. En ambos casos se muestra una confirmación microbiológica de la infección, con resistencia a quinolonas, entre otros, y negativización post tratamiento con el medicamento CANTHARIS 9 CH. No se reportaron efectos secundarios en esta muestra.

Absceso renal en pediatría: reporte de 2 casos / Kidney abscess in pediatrics: 2 case reports / Abscesso renal em pediatria: relato de dois casos

Resumen Introducción. Los abscesos renales tras una infección urinaria en pediatría no son frecuentes. Reporte de los casos. Se trata de dos niñas con infección urinaria, de 13 y 8 meses, que desarrollan abscesos renales. En ambas, después de un uroanálisis sugestivo de infección urinaria, se inicia manejo empírico con amikacina. El reporte del urocultivo muestra crecimiento de Escherichia coli (E. coli) >100 000 UFC/ml, sensible a dicho antibiótico, con ecografía renal inicial normal en el primer caso y en el segundo con nefromegalia derecha. A pesar del manejo antibiótico persistió la fiebre por más de tres días, por lo que se sospecha una complicación supurada. En el primer caso, la ecografía renal de control refleja imágenes sugestivas de absceso renal, pero en el segundo, a pesar de ecografías seriadas, solo se reportó la nefromegalia, que llevó realizar una tomografía abdominal con contraste para confirmar el diagnóstico. El antibiótico inicial, a pesar de la sensibilidad in vitro, no fue capaz de controlar la formación de abscesos renales. En el primer caso, el proceso infeccioso se controló utilizando amikacina y ceftriaxona, pero en el segundo fue necesario meropenem y amikacina. En ningún momento se alteró la función renal. Es de anotar lo infrecuente que es el absceso renal en niños en nuestra institución, ya que no se ha encontrado ningún caso en varios años. Conclusiones. El absceso renal en pediatría no es frecuente, se desarrolla principalmente tras una infección urinaria. Son necesarios una alta sospecha y un adecuado diagnóstico para orientar su manejo, ya sea solo médico o asociado a drenaje quirúrgico.

Summary Introduction: Renal abscesses are not common in pediatrics after urinary tract infections. Case reports: The two cases involve two 8 and a 13 month old girls with urinary tract infections, who also develop renal abscesses. In both cases, after a urinalysis shows signs of urinary tract infections, empirical management with amikacin is initiated. The uroculture report shows a growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) >100,000 CFU/ml, sensitive to the given antibiotic, with a normal initial renal ultrasound in the first case and right nephromegaly in the second case. Despite the antibiotic treatment, the fever persisted for more than three days, which is why a suppurative complication is suspected. In the first case, the renal ultrasound from the control suggests the presence of a renal abscess, but in the second case, despite serial ultrasounds, only nephromegaly was reported; therefore, an abdominal tomography with contrast was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. The initial antibiotic, despite in vitro sensitivity, was not able to control the formation of renal abscesses. In the first case, the infectious process was controlled using amikacin and ceftriaxone, but in the second case, meropenem and amikacin were necessary. At no point in time did the renal function change. It is important to note how infrequent renal abscesses in children are in our institution, given that there have not been any reported cases for several years. Conclusions: Renal abscesses in pediatrics are not frequent; they develop mainly after a urinary tract infection. A high level of suspicion along with an adequate diagnosis is needed in order to guide its management, be it only medical or associated with surgical drainage.

Resumo Introdução. Os abscessos renais após uma infeção urinária em pediatria não são frequentes. Relatório dos casos. Trata-se de duas meninas com infeção urinária, de 13 e 8 meses, que desenvolvem abscessos renais. Em ambas, após uma análise de urina sugestiva de infeção urinária, se inicia manejo empírico com amika-cina. O relatório da cultura de urina mostra crescimento de Escherichia coli (E. coli) >100 000 UFC/ml, sensível a este antibiótico, com ultrassonografia renal inicial normal no primeiro caso e no segundo com nefromegalia direita. Apesar do manejo antibiótico persistiu a febre por mais de três dias, motivo de suspeita de uma complicação supurada. No primeiro caso, a ecografia renal de controle reflete imagens sugestivas de abscesso renal, mas no segundo, apesar de ultrassonografias seriadas, só foi reportada a nefromegalia, que levou a realizar uma tomografia abdominal com contraste para confirmar o diagnóstico. O antibiótico inicial, apesar da sensibilidade in vitro, não foi capaz de controlar a formação de abscessos renais. No primeiro caso, o processo infecioso foi controlado utilizando amikacina e ceftriaxona, mas no segundo foi necessário meropenem e amikacina. Em nenhum momento foi alterada a função renal. Vale anotar que o abscesso renal em crianças em nossa instituição é pouco frequente, já que não há registro de caso algum em vários anos. Conclusões. O abscesso renal em pediatria não é frequente, se desenvolve principalmente após uma infeção urinaria. É necessário uma alta suspeita e um adequado diagnóstico para orientar seu tratamento, seja somente médico ou associado à drenagem cirúrgica.

Clinical Features, Etiologic Factors, Associated Disorders, and Treatment of Palmoplantar Pustulosis: The Mayo Clinic Experience, 1996-2013.

OBJECTIVE: To further characterize clinical characteristics, etiologic factors, associated disorders, and treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with PPP at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2013. RESULTS: Of 215 patients with PPP identified, 179 (83%) were female, and the mean age at onset was 45.3 years. Most patients (n=165, 77%) were current or former smokers. At diagnosis, 15 patients (7%) had an anxiety diagnosis and 9 (4%) had an infection. Nineteen cases (9%) were drug induced. Comorbid conditions included thyroid disease in 18 patients (8%), gluten sensitivity in 3 (1%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 21 (10%). In all, 194 patients (90%) received topical corticosteroids, 55 (26%) received phototherapy, and 54 (25%) received systemic agents. CONCLUSION: More than three-fourths of the patients in this study had a history of smoking, which is considered a triggering or aggravating factor for PPP. Regarding comorbid conditions, gluten sensitivity and thyroid disease were found less frequently than previously reported in the literature. Treatment regimens and responses in this cohort varied considerably.

Fascitis necrosante: Presentación de caso / Necrotizing Fasciitis: Case Report

La fascitis necrosante es una infección grave de los tejidos blandos, aunque es poco frecuente, presenta una alta tasa de mortalidad, y de no ser diagnosticada rápidamente suele ser fulminante. Su diagnóstico se realiza principalmente por sospecha clínica y confirmación por cirugía; sin embargo, el apoyo imaginológico de la tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM) han sido de gran ayuda. Se trata del caso clínico de un menor de edad, con dolor de alta intensidad y eritema en glúteo y miembro inferior secundario a inyección intramuscular, en quien el diagnóstico se sospecha inicialmente por ecografía y TC. Se destacan los hallazgos imaginológicos y la importancia de estas técnicas para su diagnóstico.

Necrotizing Fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection, which although infrequent, has a high mortality rate and can be fatal if not diagnosed promptly. Diagnosis is primarily made by clinical suspicion and confirmation by surgery; however imaging support of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful. We present a case of a child with high intensity pain and erythema in buttock and lower limb secondary to intramuscular injection, in which the diagnosis was initially suspected by ultrasonography and computed tomography.

Versatile molybdenum disulfide based antibacterial composites for in vitro enhanced sterilization and in vivo focal infection therapy.

Biologically, MoS2-based nanostructures have been intensely applied for the photothermal therapy of cancer, but rarely for antibacterial uses. In this contribution, a multifunctional chitosan (CS) functionalized magnetic MoS2 (abbreviated to CFM) was constructed to nonspecifically combat bacterial infection by integrating bacterial conjugation and enrichment, and NIR-triggered photothermal sterilization. Owing to the abundant introduced amino groups, the CFM complex offers a significantly enhanced conjugation efficiency without obvious specificity towards both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria compared to amino-free magnetic MoS2. The magnetic properties of CFM obtained from iron oxide facilitate the enrichment of a CFM-bacteria conjugate, improving the photothermal efficiency of CFM as a photothermal antibacterial agent. Specifically, after being trapped together with bacteria cells, CFM shows an enhanced in vitro photothermal sterilization ability. In vivo S. aureus-induced abscess treatment studies show faster healing when CFM is used as subcutaneous nano-localized heating sources with the assistance of an external magnet to concentrate the CFM-bacteria conjugate. This work establishes an innovative solution and a novel antimicrobial agent for combating bacterial infections without the use of antibiotics, which may open a new area of application and research for MoS2-based nanostructures.

Intervenciones de enfermería para la prevención y atención de peritonitis infecciosa en adultos con diálisis / Nurse interventions for the care and prevention of infectious peritonitis in adults with dialysis peritoneal ambulatory / As intervenções do enfermeiro para o cuidado e prevenção da peritonite infecciosa em adultos com diálise peritoneal ambulatorial

Resumen. Antecedentes: Hemos creado la guía de práctica clínica de las intervenciones de enfermería para el cuidado del paciente pediátrico con enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico. Métodos: Esta guía de intervención de la práctica clínica de Enfermería forma parte de los guías que integran el Catálogo General de la Práctica Clínica, la cual se instrumentó a través del programa de acción específico: Guías de desarrollo de la práctica clínica, de acuerdo con las estrategias y líneas de acción que considera el Programa Nacional de Salud. 2013-2018 Esta guía de práctica clínica guiará al profesional de la salud para que otorgue cuidados especiales a este tipo de pacientes, al mismo tiempo que se basa en el conocimiento actualizado y estandarizado que fundamenta la evidencia y la toma de decisiones que favorecen la calidad de vida del paciente con la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico, disminuyendo así las complicaciones y la mortalidad súbita. Y al mismo tiempo aumentar la eficiencia del proceso de atención en la enfermería propiciando un cuidado seguro y libre de riesgos. Resultados: Se favorecerá la mejora de la eficiencia, seguridad y calidad de la atención que contribuye, por la presente, para el bienestar de la gente y de las comunidades, que es el objetivo central y la razón de ser de los servicios de salud. Conclusión: el propósito de este catálogo es establecer un estandar nacional para orientar las decisiones clínicas de guía basadas en las recomendaciones sufridas en la mejor evidencia disponible y que tiene las intervenciones dirigidas a la identificación oportuna de los signos y síntomas y complicaciones, así como intervenciones de colaboración para el tratamiento y medidas de seguridad

Abstrack. Background: We created the Guide of Clinical Practice interventions of infirmary for the prevention and attention of infectious peritonitis in adults with dialysis peritoneal ambulatory. Methods: This guide of clinical practice intervention of infirmary forms a part of the Guide´s Main Catalogue of Clinical Practice which is orchestrated across the Specific Program of Action: Evaluation and Management of Technologies for the Health, according to the strategies and lines of action that considers 2013-2018 National Health program; it is established as a national modal to orientate the capture of clinical decisions based on recommendations sustained in the best available evidence with the intention of standardizing the national actions, helping Identify the most effective interventions and treatment of the clinical manifestations in an opportune way to determine infectious peritonitis as well as the interventions before the presence in the adults with dialysis peritoneal ambulatory. Results: With this guide of clinical practice the risk of infectious peritonitis in adult patients will be decreased by primary identification of the clinical manifestations as well as the specific interventions to be applied and to avoid greater complications. Conclusion: This guide will favor the improvement in the efficiency, safety and quality of the care contributing, hereby, to the well-being of the people and of the communities, which constitutes the central aim and the reason to be of the services of health

Antecedentes: Criamos o Guia de intervenções prática clínica da enfermaria para a prevenção e atenção de peritonite infecciosa em adultos com diálise peritonial ambulatorial.Métodos: Este guia de intervenção prática clínica da enfermaria faz parte do principal Catálogo Guide's de Prática Clínica que é orquestrada em todo o programa específico de Acção: Avaliação e Gestão de Tecnologias de Saúde, de acordo com as estratégias e linhas de ação que considera o programa 2013-2018 Nacional de Saúde; é estabelecido como um modal nacional para orientar a tomada de decisões clínicas com base nas recomendações sustentadas na melhor evidência disponível, com a intenção de padronizar as ações nacionais, ajudando a identificar as intervenções mais eficazes e tratamento das manifestações clínicas de uma maneira oportuna para determinar peritonite infecciosa, bem como as intervenções antes da presença nos adultos com a diálise peritoneal ambulatorial. Resultados: Com este guia de prática clínica do risco de peritonite infecciosa em doentes adultos será diminuída por identificação primária das manifestações clínicas, bem como as intervenções específicas a ser aplicado e para evitar maiores complicações. Conclusão: Este guia irá favorecer a melhoria da eficiência, segurança e qualidade dos cuidados de contribuir, por meio deste, para o bem-estar das pessoas e das comunidades, o que constitui o objectivo central e a razão de ser dos serviços de saúde