RESUMO
Since the dawn of humanity, wounds have afflicted humans, and healers have held responsibility for treating them. This article tracks the evolution of wound care from antiquity to the present, highlighting the roles of surgeons, scientists, culture, and society in the ever-changing management of traumatic and iatrogenic injuries.
Assuntos
Cicatrização/fisiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/história , Antibacterianos/história , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/história , Conflitos Armados/história , Antigo Egito , Grécia Antiga , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Medicina Militar/história , Pinturas , Mundo Romano/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Dakin's solution and the Carrel-Dakin method were developed and integrated into clinical practice in the early 20th century, which were found to aid in effective wound healing and infection. This historical review briefly outlines highlights with regard to the history of infection management, wartime amputation, and wound treatment dating back to Galen through the early 20th century. This paper extensively reviews and discusses the historic use of Dakin's solution, which was developed almost a century ago, in both wartime settings and in the civilian sector as well. This review further elaborates on the use of Dakin's solution in the current treatment of wounds in the United States. Additionally, we discuss the history of wound care with the emphasis on the Carrel-Dakin method. Finally, this review discusses and presents contemporary application and utilization of Dakin's solution in two large tertiary care centers.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/história , Hipoclorito de Sódio/história , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Medicina Militar/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/mortalidade , Campanha Afegã de 2001- , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Guerra do Iraque 2003-2011 , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Guerra do Vietnã , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/terapiaAssuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/história , Antissepsia/história , Cirurgia Geral/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/classificação , Antissepsia/métodos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Reino Unido , Infecção dos Ferimentos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
During the Great War, the French surgeon Alexis Carrel, in collaboration with the English chemist Henry Dakin, devised an antiseptic treatment for infected wounds. This paper focuses on Carrel's attempt to standardise knowledge of infected wounds and their treatment, and looks closely at the vision of surgical skill he espoused and its difference from those associated with the doctrines of scientific management. Examining contemporary claims that the Carrel-Dakin method increased rather than diminished demands on surgical work, this paper further shows how debates about antiseptic wound treatment opened up a critical space for considering the nature of skill as a vital dynamic in surgical innovation and practice.
Assuntos
Antissepsia/história , Cirurgia Geral/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Competência Clínica , Europa (Continente) , França , Cirurgia Geral/normas , História do Século XX , Humanos , I Guerra Mundial , Infecção dos Ferimentos/terapiaRESUMO
Las lesiones de la integridad de la piel, las úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes hospitalizados representa un problema importante debido a su prevalencia, a la vez que afecta la calidad de vida del paciente, e implican consecuencias socioeconómicas para la persona, familia e instituciones de salud, ya que aumenta la morbimortalidad, su prevención y manejo competen en gran parte al profesional de enfermería
The lesions of skin integrity, pressure ulcers (UPP) in hospitalized patients is a major problem because of its prevalence, while affecting the quality of life of patients, and involve socioeconomic consequences for the individual, family and health institutions, increasing morbidity and mortality, prevention and management competence largely to nurse
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/complicações , Infecção dos Ferimentos/enfermagem , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Infecção dos Ferimentos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Se presenta una prospectiva de la infección quirúrgica desde los albores del conocimiento de las eras premicrobiológica y microbiológica, transcurriendo por la aplicación del saber reflejado en la técnica quirúrgica depurada y en la búsqueda de nuevos soportes para preservar órganos y sistemas.Grandes cambios han ocurrido a través de la investigación sobre el problema de la infección. La sepsis se interpreta como el compromiso severo del sistema inmune que no permite la erradicación de los gérmenes patógenos. La perspectiva futura de la infección quirúrgica será la de un panorama de avance en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la respuesta a la infección y de aplicación de la biología molecular para la inmunomodulación de los mecanismos de defensa del huésped que incluyan técnicas para la terapia génica. Un paradigma para el nuevo milenio lo constituye la maximización de la eficacia de los antimicrobianos y la minimización de la resistencia a los mismos. El Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de Atlanta ha lanzado la campaña para prevenir la resistencia antimicrobiana en las instituciones de salud y específicamente para los pacientes quirúrgicos ha establecido los pasos que incluyen las medidas de prevención de la infección, diagnóstico y tratamiento efectivo, uso racional de los antimicrobianos y de prevención de la transmisión. El avance del conocimiento hará que en el futuro las terapias estén dirigidas a acrecentar o inhibir la respuesta inmune en el paciente, dependiendo de los polimorfismos genéticos, de la duración de la enfermedad y de las características de los patógenos...
Assuntos
Cirurgia Geral/história , Cirurgia Geral/tendências , História da Medicina , Infecção dos Ferimentos/históriaRESUMO
The Egyptian civilisation is one of the oldest in history and was renowned for its scientific and artistic achievements, and medicine was no exception. The ancient Egyptians were masters in applying and arranging bandages, and they recognized the cardinal signs of infection and inflammation. Egyptian drug therapy can be regarded as having evolved from a system rooted in magic and empirical observation. To illustrate how the Egyptian wound healing methods provided a major stimulus for the development of surgery, we conducted a literature search.
Assuntos
Bandagens/história , Tratamento Farmacológico/história , Magia , Mitologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Ferimentos e Lesões/história , Antigo Egito , História Antiga , HumanosRESUMO
Wound care through the ages has ranged from good to bad, and at times has been disgusting, with little scientific approach. von Eiselsberg's dictum of no touch for military wounds proved disastrous to patients with gunshot and shrapnel wounds in the First World War. Alexis Carrel, a brilliant experimental surgeon, spearheaded the research that led to the development and application of débridement and irrigation for combat wounds. Early in his career, Carrel reported on a miraculous cure that he had observed in Lourdes, France. However, this report resulted in a strained professional environment in his homeland of France, which persisted in spite of his subsequent moves to Canada and then to the United States. There he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine.
Assuntos
Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Desbridamento/história , França , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Irrigação Terapêutica/história , Estados Unidos , Guerra , Infecção dos Ferimentos/terapiaAssuntos
Cirurgia Geral/história , Ferimentos e Lesões/história , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Choque/história , Choque/metabolismo , Estados Unidos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/história , Ferimentos e Lesões/metabolismo , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgiaRESUMO
The academic surgeon must teach by example and action the importance of aseptic technique and proper wound care, practices that were supremely important in the prevention and treatment of surgical infections before the introduction of antibiotics but that remain so even in the modern medical age. The advent of antibiotics has greatly lowered the incidence of hand and other infections, opened the way for prophylactic treatment, and reduced the need for surgical drainage. However, over the years one theme has recurred: Initial care is preeminent in the prevention and treatment of all surgical infections.