Seroprevalence of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Zika among long-term expatriates in Thailand.

BACKGROUND: Travel to Southeast Asia increases the likelihood of acquiring mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections such as dengue (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Expatriates are long-term travellers who have a higher risk of mosquito-borne illness at their destination country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of DENV, JEV and ZIKV infections and the determinants contributing to seropositivity among expatriates living in Thailand. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2017 to February 2020. Expatriates from non-Flavivirus endemic countries were recruited. 5 mL of blood was collected for DENV 1-4, JEV and ZIKV antibody testing by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Individuals with vaccination histories or diagnoses for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis were excluded. RESULTS: Among 254 participants, most participants (83.1%) were male, the mean age was 65 years and the median duration of stay in Thailand was 6 years. Seroprevalence rate of any Flavivirus, non-specific DENV, DENV1-4, JEV and ZIKV were 34.3, 30.7, 20.5, 18.1, 18.9, 10.6, 4.7 and 2.8%, respectively. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against DENV1-4 positively correlates with the duration of stay in Thailand. DENV seropositivity was associated with living in urban areas (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.36-5.57). Expatriates were unlikely to have detectable anti-JEV antibodies regardless of time spent in a JEV-endemic area. No risk factors were identified that were significantly associated with JEV or ZIKV seropositivity. Only 48.4% received pre-travel counselling services, while only 18.9% visited a travel medicine specialist. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion (34.3%) of long-term expatriates living in Thailand were seropositive for flavivirus, mainly from dengue (30.7%). To minimize risk, travel medicine practitioners should provide adequate pre-travel health risk information on mosquito-borne flavivirus infection and offer advice on mosquito bite prevention strategies. Dengue vaccine might be considered in high-risk travellers such as long-term expatriate.

Aedes albopictus in a recently invaded area in Spain: effects of trap type, locality, and season on mosquito captures.

Mosquitoes are primary vectors of pathogens impacting humans, wildlife, and livestock. Among them, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, stands out as an invasive species with a global distribution, having established populations on every continent except Antarctica. Recent findings incriminate Ae. albopictus in the local transmission of several pathogens causing human diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses and worm parasites as Dirofilaria. In Spain, the establishment of Ae. albopictus occurred in 2004 and it rapidly expanded, currently reaching southern provinces and creating novel epidemiological scenarios in recently invaded areas. In this study, we conducted captures of Ae. albopictus from May to November 2022 in two provinces, Granada and Malaga, situated near the current edge of the species' expanding range in Spain. The objective was to identify the primary factors influencing their captures in these regions. Mosquitoes were captured using BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure, and miniature CDC-UV traps in five different localities. Our findings underscore the influence of both extrinsic factors, such as locality, and intrinsic factors, including mosquito sex, on the abundance of captured Ae. albopictus. A higher abundance of Ae. albopictus was observed in the Malaga province compared to localities in the Granada province. Furthermore, similar numbers of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were captured in more urbanized areas of Granada, while the lowest counts were recorded in the less urbanized area. These results were compared to captures of another common species in the area, specifically Culex pipiens. Overall, these results represent the first monitoring of invasive Ae. albopictus in the area and are discussed in the light of the potential importance of the species as a nuisance for humans and vectors of pathogens of public health relevance.

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica de 01 a 50 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 50 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arbovirus epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection are also presented, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephalies

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 44 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 44 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arbovirus epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection are also presented, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephalies

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 34 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 34 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arbovirus epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection are also presented, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephalias

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 25 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás from the epidemiological week 01 to 25 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Também é apresentado dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The epidemiological bulletin of arboviruses aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. It also presents data related to the congenital syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection, available in the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 18 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás from the epidemiological week 01 to 18 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, e utiliza como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Também é apresentado dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The epidemiological bulletin of arboviruses aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, and uses as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. It also presents data related to Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection, available in the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 de 2022 até a semana epidemiológica 14 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 of 2022 to epidemiological week 14 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. Este boletim uma produção mensal, com o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Adicionalmente, também é apresentado dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

The arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. This bulletin is a monthly production, with the objective of presenting the epidemiological situation of the cases in the state, using as a source of data the records of suspected cases and confirmed occurrences in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. In addition, data on the Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection are also presented, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 52 de 2022 até a semana epidemiológica 04 de 2023 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás from epidemiological week 52 of 2022 to epidemiological week 04 of 2023

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. Este boletim é uma produção mensal, com o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado de Goiás, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Adicionalmente, foi apresentado dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

The arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. This bulletin is a monthly production, with the objective of presenting the epidemiological situation of the cases in the state of Goiás, using the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Additionally, data on the Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection was presented, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review / Infecciones por dengue, chikungunya y el virus de Zika en América Latina y el Caribe: revisión sistemática / Dengue, zika e chikungunya na América Latina e no Caribe: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objectives. To characterize the distribution profile of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infections in Latin America and the Caribbean and to identify possible factors associated with the risk of dissemination and severity of these arboviruses. Methods. The protocol of this review was registered on the PROSPERO platform. Searches were carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Embase. The search terms were: Zika virus, Zika virus infection, dengue, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, chikungunya fever, epidemiology, observational study, Latin America, and Caribbean region. Studies that addressed the distribution of these arboviruses and the risk factors associated with dengue, Zika virus disease, and chikungunya, published between January 2000 and August 2020 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. Results. Of 95 studies included, 70 identified risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes for arbovirus infections and 25 described complications and/or deaths. The highest frequency of confirmed cases was for dengue. Brazil reported most cases of the three arboviruses in the period analyzed. Environmental and socioeconomic factors facilitated the proliferation and adaptation of vectors, and host-related factors were reported to aggravate dengue. Most deaths were due to chikungunya, Zika virus disease caused most neurological alterations, and dengue resulted in greater morbidity leading to more frequent hospitalization. Conclusions. The review provides a broad view of the three arboviruses and the intrinsic aspects of infections, and highlights the factors that influence the spread of these viruses in the populations studied.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Caracterizar el perfil de distribución de infecciones por dengue, chikungunya y el virus de Zika en América Latina y el Caribe, y determinar posibles factores relacionados con el riesgo de propagación y gravedad de estas arbovirosis. Métodos. Se registró el protocolo de esta revisión en la plataforma PROSPERO. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Virtual Health Library, MEDLINE/PubMed y Embase. Los términos de búsqueda fueron: "zika virus" [virus del Zika], "zika virus infection" [infección por el virus del Zika], "dengue", "dengue virus" [virus del dengue], "chikungunya virus" [virus del chikunguña], "chikungunya fever" [fiebre de chikunguña], "epidemiology" [epidemiología], "observational study" [estudio observacional], "Latin America" [América Latina] y "Caribbean región" [Caribe]. Se incluyeron estudios que abordaban la distribución de estas arbovirosis y los factores de riesgo asociados con el dengue, la enfermedad por el virus del Zika y el chikunguña, publicados entre enero del 2000 y agosto del 2020 en español, inglés y portugués. Resultados. De los 95 estudios incluidos, 70 establecieron factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas y resultados de las infecciones por arbovirus y 25 describieron complicaciones o muertes. La mayor frecuencia de casos confirmados fue del dengue. Brasil notificó la mayoría de los casos de infección por los tres arbovirus en el período analizado. Los factores ambientales y socioeconómicos facilitaron la proliferación y adaptación de los vectores, y se notificó que los factores relacionados con el huésped agravaban el dengue. El chikunguña causó la mayor parte de las muertes, la enfermedad por el virus del Zika causó la mayor parte de las alteraciones neurológicas y el dengue fue responsable de una mayor morbilidad, lo que llevó a una hospitalización más frecuente. Conclusiones. Esta revisión ofrece un panorama de las tres arbovirosis y de los aspectos intrínsecos de las infecciones, y pone de relieve los factores que influyen en la propagación de estos virus en las poblaciones estudiadas.

RESUMO Objetivos. Descrever a distribuição das arboviroses causadas pelo vírus da dengue, zika e chikungunya na América Latina e no Caribe e identificar possíveis fatores associados ao potencial de disseminação e à gravidade dessas infecções. Métodos. O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registado na plataforma PROSPERO. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, MEDLINE/PubMed e Embase. Os termos de busca foram: vírus zika, infecção pelo vírus zika, dengue, vírus da dengue, vírus chikungunya, febre chikungunya, epidemiologia, estudo observacional, América Latina e região do Caribe. Foram selecionados estudos publicados em inglês, português e espanhol, entre janeiro de 2000 e agosto de 2020, que tratavam da distribuição desses arbovírus e de fatores de risco associados à dengue, à infecção pelo vírus zika e à febre chikungunya. Resultados. Dos 95 estudos selecionados, 70 descreveram fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas e desfechos das arboviroses e 25 destacaram as complicações e/ou mortes. Houve uma maior taxa de casos confirmados de dengue. O Brasil foi o país onde se registrou a maioria dos casos dessas três arboviroses no período analisado. Fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos facilitaram a proliferação e a adaptação dos vetores dos arbovírus e fatores próprios do hospedeiro são determinantes na gravidade da dengue. As mortes ocorreram principalmente nos casos de febre chikungunya, as manifestações neurológicas foram mais comuns na infecção pelo vírus zika e a dengue resultou em maior morbidade e internação hospitalar. Conclusões. Esta revisão sistemática oferece um panorama destas três arboviroses e de suas peculiaridades destacando os fatores que influenciam a disseminação destes arbovírus nas populações estudadas.

Acquired Hip Dysplasia in Children with Congenital Zika Virus Infection in the First Four Years of Life.

Acquired hip dysplasia has been described in children with cerebral palsy (CP); periodic surveillance is recommended in this population to prevent hip displacement and dislocation. Children with congenital zika syndrome (CZS) may present a spectrum of neurological impairments with changes in tonus, posture, and movement similar to children with CP. However, the relationship between CZS and hip dysplasia has not been characterized. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to describe the occurrence of hip dysplasia in patients with CZS. Sixty-four children with CZS from 6 to 48 months of age were included and followed at a tertiary referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with periodic radiologic and clinical hip assessments. Twenty-six (41%) patients were diagnosed with hip dysplasia during follow-up; mean age at diagnosis was 23 months. According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), 58 (91%) patients had severe impairment (GMFCS IV and V) at the first evaluation. All patients with progression to hip dysplasia had microcephaly and were classified as GMFCS IV or V. Pain and functional limitation were reported by 22 (84%) caregivers of children with hip dysplasia. All patients were referred to specialized orthopedic care; eight (31%) underwent surgical treatment during follow-up. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing a hip surveillance program and improving access to orthopedic treatment for children with CZS in order to decrease the chances of dysplasia-related complications and improve quality of life.

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás até a semana epidemiológica 47 de 2022 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás until epidemiological week 47 of 2022

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses é uma produção mensal, objetivando apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The epidemiological bulletin of arboviruses is a monthly production, aiming to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás até a semana epidemiológica 50 de 2022 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of cases of arboviruses in Goiás until epidemiological week 50 of 2022

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses é uma produção mensal, objetivando apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Adicionalmente, apresentamos dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The epidemiological bulletin of arboviruses is a monthly production, aiming to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Additionally, we present data related to Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection, available in the Event Registration System in Public Health (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Boletim Epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás até a semana epidemiológica 25 de 2022 / Epidemiological Bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás until epidemiological week 25 of 2022

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico produção mensal, objetivando das arboviroses é uma apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Adicionalmente, apresentamos dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The monthly production epidemiological bulletin, aiming at arboviruses, is to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Additionally, we present data related to Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection, available in the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Boletim Epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás até a semana epidemiológica 22 de 2022 / Epidemiological Bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás until epidemiological week 22 of 2022

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico produção mensal, objetivando das arboviroses é uma apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no Sinan Online e Sinan Net. Adicionalmente, apresentamos dados relativos à Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The monthly production epidemiological bulletin, aiming at arboviruses, is to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using as a data source the records of suspected and confirmed cases that occurred in recent years, available on Sinan Online and Sinan Net. Additionally, we present data related to Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus infection, available in the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) ­ Microcephaly

Household clustering supports a novel chemoprophylaxis trial design for a mosquito-borne viral disease.

Infections because of chikungunya and other mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue and Zika, represent an area of significant unmet medical need. There are currently no approved medicines for prophylaxis or treatment of these diseases, and the development and implementation of vaccines against these viruses have proved problematic. Although antiviral molecules with treatment and prophylactic potential against the chikungunya virus have been identified, no successful field trials have been reported. Chemoprophylaxis may be attractive for unvaccinated at-risk populations; however, performing a successful chemoprophylaxis trial during a chikungunya outbreak will require a clearly identifiable at-risk population. We propose the application of a household transmission model as used in testing drugs against respiratory viruses. Current evidence on household clustering of chikungunya and other Aedes mosquito-borne viral infections is supportive. We suggest that this model may improve prophylaxis trial feasibility and focus research and future treatment on a population likely to benefit.

Global RNAseq of ocular cells reveals gene dysregulation in both asymptomatic and with Congenital Zika Syndrome infants exposed prenatally to Zika virus.

In 2015, Brazil reported an outbreak identified as Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with congenital abnormalities. To date, a total of 86 countries and territories have described evidence of Zika infection and recently the appearance of the African ZIKV lineage in Brazil highlights the risk of a new epidemic. The spectrum of ZIKV infection-induced alterations at both cellular and molecular levels is not completely elucidated. Here, we present for the first time the gene expression responses associated with prenatal ZIKV infection from ocular cells. We applied a recently developed non-invasive method (impression cytology) which use eye cells as a model for ZIKV studies. The ocular profiling revealed significant differences between exposed and control groups, as well as a different pattern in ocular transcripts from Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) compared to ZIKV-exposed but asymptomatic infants. Our data showed pathways related to mismatch repair, cancer, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and genes probably causative or protective in the modulation of ZIKV infection. Ocular cells revealed the effects of ZIKV infection on primordial neuronal cell genes, evidenced by changes in genes associated with embryonic cells. The changes in gene expression support an association with the gestational period of the infection and provide evidence for the resulting clinical and ophthalmological pathologies. Additionally, the findings of cell death- and cancer-associated deregulated genes raise concerns about the early onset of other potential pathologies including the need for tumor surveillance. Our results thus provide direct evidence that infants exposed prenatally to the Zika virus, not only with CZS but also without clinical signs (asymptomatic) express cellular and molecular changes with potential clinical implications.

Serviços da atenção especializada para crianças com síndrome congênita pelo vírus zika no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, a partir da análise de rede social / Specialized care services for children with congenital zika virus syndrome in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a social network analysis

Resumo A correlação do aumento na incidência de casos de microcefalia em 2015, simultaneamente ao surto do zika vírus, levou ao reconhecimento de uma epidemia pela síndrome congênita pelo vírus zika (SCVZ), que ressaltou as já conhecidas fragilidades nas ações do cuidado em saúde. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a rede virtual de informações sobre a oferta de serviços de saúde para crianças com SCVZ no Rio de Janeiro. A partir da análise de redes sociais, foram coletados dados de fontes virtuais sobre informações de serviços e instituições de atendimento, utilizando o buscador Google, a fim de avaliar as relações entre esses atores em 2018. Os resultados apresentaram uma rede fragmentada, com centralização em fontes virtuais e serviços públicos da atenção secundária e terciária, destacando-se a proximidade das fontes de imprensa com os serviços públicos. Destacou-se também o isolamento dos serviços privados e a não interlocução entre os serviços filantrópicos e os serviços públicos. Além disso, as informações oferecidas mostraram-se insuficientes e superficiais, apesar da lacuna da rede formal de reabilitação. Consequentemente, as evidências apontam para a importância de uma rede bem estabelecida de serviços, bem como a necessidade de fomentar a comunicação por meio de mídias virtuais.

Abstract In 2015 the correlation between increasing numbers of cases of microcephaly and a zika virus outbreak led to recognition of an epidemic of congenital zika virus syndrome (CZVS), highlighting well-known weaknesses in health care measures. This article examines the network of virtual information available on health service provision for children suffering from CZVS in Rio de Janeiro. Using social media analysis, data on information about services and care institutions were collected from virtual sources using the Google search engine, so as to assess relations among these actors in 2018. The results revealed a fragmented network centred on virtual sources and secondary and tertiary public care services, with striking proximity of press sources to public services. Also salient was the isolation of private services and the lack of dialogue between philanthropic and public services. Moreover, the information offered was found to be insufficient and superficial, despite the gaps in the formal rehabilitation network. The evidence thus suggested the importance of a well-established health care service network and the necessity of fostering communication through virtual media.