Inquérito telefônico de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças e agravos não transmissíveis no Estado de Goiás: Vigitel Goiás / Vigitel Goiás Telephone survey of risk and protective factors for non-communicable diseases and conditions in the State of Goiás

As Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis (DANT) representam a maior causa de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Compreendem dois grandes grupos de eventos: as Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT), caracterizadas principalmente pelas doenças cardiovasculares, doenças respiratórias crônicas, neoplasias e diabetes mellitus, e as causas externas, tais como os acidentes e as violências. Nesse sentido, o VIGITEL nacional, realizado a partir de 2006, forneceu dados importantes de fatores de risco para o Brasil e capitais. Este relatório é o resultado do primeiro inquérito realizado no Estado, com representatividade para o Estado de Goiás e as cinco macrorregiões. Esses dados subsidiarão o novo Plano de Enfrentamento das DANT de Goiás (2023-2032)

Non-communicable Diseases and Conditions (NCDs) represent the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and the world. They comprise two large groups of events: Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), characterized mainly by cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms and diabetes mellitus, and external causes, such as accidents and violence. In this sense, the national VIGITEL, carried out since 2006, provided important data on risk factors for Brazil and capitals. This report is the result of the first survey carried out in the State, with representation for the State of Goiás and the five macro-regions. This data will support the new Goiás DANT Coping Plan (2023-2032)

eCross-cultural adaptation of the spine oncology-specific SOSGOQ2.0 questionnaire to German language and the assessment of its validity and reliability in the clinical setting.

BACKGROUND: The recently developed Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0) was proven a valid and reliable instrument measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with spinal malignancies. A German version was not available. OBJECTIVE: A cross-cultural adaptation of the SOSGOQ2.0 to the German language and its multicenter evaluation. METHODS: In a multistep process, a cross-cultural adaptation of the SOSGOQ2.0 was conducted. Subsequently, a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was initiated to assess the reliability and validity of the German adaptation. To assess external construct validity of the cross-cultural adapted questionnaire, a comparison to the established questionnaire QLQ-C30 from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer was conducted. Mean-difference plots were used to measure the agreement between the questionnaires in total score and by domain (deviation from mean up to 10% allowed). Further reliability and validity tests were carried out. Change to baseline was analysed 3-16 weeks later after different interventions occurred. Clinically relevant thresholds in comparison to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire were evaluated by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: We could enroll 113 patients from four different university hospitals (58 females, 55 males). Mean age was 64.11 years (sd 11.9). 80 patients had an ECOG performance status of 2 or higher at baseline. External construct validity in comparison to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in total score and by domain was confirmed (range of deviation 4.4 to 9.0%). Good responsiveness for the domains Physical Functioning (P < .001) and Pain (P < .001) could be shown. The group mean values also displayed a difference in the domains of Social Functioning (P = .331) and Mental Health (P = .130), but not significant. The minimum clinically relevant threshold values for the questionnaire ranged from 4.0 to 7.5 points. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, the cross-cultural adapted questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to measure HRQOL in German speaking patients with spinal malignancies. Especially the domains Physical Functioning and Pain showed overall good psychometric characteristics. In this way, a generic questionnaire, such as the EORTC QLQ-C30, can be usefully supplemented by spine-specific questions to increase the overall accuracy measuring HRQOL in patients with spinal malignancies.

Construct validity and reliability of the physical activity parenting questionnaire for children (PAP-C).

BACKGROUND: Children's perception of parenting is hypothesised to significantly affect their physical activity (PA). This study aimed to examine construct validity, factorial invariance and reliability of a new tool: Physical Activity Parenting questionnaire for Children (PAP-C). METHODS: PAP-C comprised 22 items hypothesised to cover 3 theory-guided factors of physical activity parenting (PAP)-namely, structure for activity, autonomy support and involvement. Construct validity and internal consistency of PAP-C were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and composite reliability in a sample of Finnish first, second- and third graders (n = 456; mean age 8.77 ± 0.84 years, girls 51.1%). Factorial invariance of PAP-C across grade levels was investigated using sequential multigroup CFA. Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients of the sum factors were calculated in a sample of children who completed a 4-week PAP-C retest (n = 450; mean age 8.83 ± 0.87 years, girls 48.0%). RESULTS: A first-order 3-factor model of the structure for activity, autonomy support and involvement, with 20 items (two items removed), showed an acceptable fit. The model demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across grade levels. Composite reliabilities indicated moderate-to-good internal consistency (from .74 to .87) for the factors. ICCs (from .494 to .750, p < .001) showed moderate to excellent test-retest stability for all grade levels. CONCLUSIONS: PAP-C can be considered to be a promising tool for investigating 7-10-year-old children's perceptions of PAP.

The EORTC QLQ-ELD14 questionnaire for elderly cancer patients. Validation study for elderly Spanish breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome for elderly cancer patients. The EORTC has developed QLQ-ELD14, a questionnaire that assesses important age-specific issues for older patients with cancer. This study aims to validate QLQ-ELD14 for use with elderly Spanish breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive sample of breast cancer patients with localized disease (age ≥65) who had received surgery ≥5 years earlier, were disease-free, and may have received adjuvant treatments was included. Patients completed the QLQ-ELD14, QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. A subsample of patients completed QLQ-ELD14 six months later. Psychometric evaluation of the structure, reliability and validity of QLQ-ELD14 was conducted. RESULTS: 87 patients completed the first assessment and 30 the second. Multitrait scaling analysis showed that all items except two met the standards for convergent and divergent validity. Cronbach's coefficient met the 0.7 alpha criterion on all scales except worries about others. Areas of QLQ-ELD14 and QLQ-C30 whose contents are conceptually related correlated substantially (Spearman's Rho >0.40). Conversely, areas of QLQ-ELD14 that had less in common with those of QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 had low correlations (Spearman's Rho <0.1). Differences in QLQ-ELD14 were found in groups based on age, disease duration, living arrangement, presence of limiting comorbidity, and level of performance status. Patients had a higher level of worries at the second assessment. CONCLUSIONS: QLQ-ELD14 is a reliable and valid instrument when applied to a sample of Spanish patients. Our results are in line with those of other validation studies.

Limited utility of detailed e-cigarette use measures: An analysis of NESARC-III.

INTRODUCTION: The heterogeneity of e-cigarette products and e-liquids pose challenges to surveillance of e-cigarette exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency of e-cigarette use frequency, quantity, and duration measures in a national population-based survey. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 2012-2013 for the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 36,309; NESARC-III). Adults who used e-cigarettes/e-liquid during the past year (≤18 years old; n = 1,229) were asked about their age of first use, recency of use, quantity (i.e., cartridges, drops), nicotine concentration, and duration (hours). Several internal consistency parameters were compared for e-cigarette measures in past-year (n = 750) and past 30-day e-cigarette users (n = 472) overall, and by frequency of use (i.e., infrequent [≤3 days/month], non-daily [1-6 days/week], daily). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in quantity, nicotine concentration, or duration by frequency of use in past 30-day e-cigarette users. One-third of past 30-day and almost half of past-year users did not know the nicotine concentration of their cartridge or e-liquid. Correlations between all e-cigarette use measures were low, with the highest correlations seen between e-liquid quantity and cartridge quantity in all past 30-day users (r = 0.28) and those reporting any e-liquid use (r = 0.40). Cronbach's alpha and mean interitem correlations were low across all user groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low to moderate correlation across e-cigarette measures in e-cigarette users implies low internal consistency of these measures in a population survey. Findings suggest measures such as quantity and nicotine concentration might more appropriate in samples of recent experienced e-cigarette users than in general population samples.

Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and their intersection: results of the Russian observation retrospective program COMFORT.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the novel complex drug, consisting of released-active form of antibodies to S-100 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine, (Kolofort) under outpatient conditions in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and FD-IBS overlap. METHODS: The subjects of the observational noninterventional retrospective program were the data of 14,362 outpatient records of patients with diagnosed FD, IBS, and/or overlap, who were observed by gastroenterologists from November 01, 2017, through March 30, 2018, who received the drug Kolofort in monotherapy for 12 weeks, 2 tablets twice a day. To assess the presence and severity of symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), the "7*7" questionnaire developed by a working group from the Russian Gastroenterological Association was used. The evaluated parameters included the proportion of patients: who had a 50% or more reduction in the total score; who have switched to the less severe category of the condition; who have switched to the "healthy" or "borderline ill" severity categories; and the change in the score in domains 1-7. RESULTS: The final efficacy analysis included data from 9254 patients. A decrease in the total score by 50% or more was observed in 80.45% of patients with FD, 79.02% of patients with IBS, and in 83% of patients with both IBS and FD. Switch to a lower severity category of the condition at the end of therapy was noted in 93.35% of patients with FD, in 93.80% of cases in patients with IBS, and in 96.17% of cases in patients with a combination of IBS and FD. A total of 94 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 80 patients (0.65%). CONCLUSION: The COMFORT program has demonstrated the positive effect of treatment in the majority of patients with IBS and FD and their combination in real clinical practice.

Factores determinantes psicosociales asociados a patologías de stress laboral en funcionarios administrativos en una EPS de Bogotá / Psychosocial determinants associated to work stress pathologies in administrative staff in an EPS of Bogotá

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar y determinar los factores que inciden en la aparición de enfermedades no trasmisibles de salud mental, en el área de la salud pública y/o laboral en las personas que prestan sus servicios en una EPS de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C Colombia. Metodología La investigación se realiza a través del estudio descriptivo, con una muestra aleatoria de 50 empleados donde se aplica una encuesta como herramienta investigativa de Guillermo Bocanument "factor de riesgo Psicosocial". Resultados Dentro de las principales variables identificadas encontramos los efectos significativos de los factores de riesgo psicosocial, como lo es el aumento a padecer una enfermedad no transmisible a causa de la carga laboral y/o el trabajo bajo presión, así mismo la incidencia en la aparición de enfermedades laborales y estrés. Discusión En la actualidad se han generado acciones para mitigar aquellos riesgos identificados en la propagación de enfermedades no trasmisibles y/o laborales, realmente su implementación ha aportado en la disminución en las cargas excesivas laborales o en la mejora de la calidad de vida del empleado.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and determine the factors that affect the onset of noncommunicable mental disorders in the area of public and/or occupational health in people who work in a healthcare service provider (EPS in Spanish) in the city of Bogotá D.C Colombia. Methods This is a descriptive study with a random sample of 50 employees. The survey Factor de Riesgo Psicosocial (Psychosocial Risk Factor) developed by Guillermo Bocanument was applied as a research tool. Result The main variables identified include the significant effects of psychosocial risk factors, such as the increased likelihood of suffering from a noncommunicable disease due to workload and/or working under pressure, as well as the incidence in the onset of occupational diseases and stress. Discussion Several actions have been proposed to mitigate the identified risks associated with the spread of no communicable and/or work-related illnesses. In fact, their implementation has contributed to reduce excessive workloads or improve the quality of life of the workers.(AU)

Inquérito de saúde em comunidades ribeirinhas do Amazonas, Brasil / A health survey in riverine communities in Amazonas State, Brazil / Encuesta de salud en comunidades ribereñas del Amazonas, Brasil

Os inquéritos populacionais de saúde são instrumentos importantes para o reconhecimento de determinantes de morbidades, sobretudo em regiões de grande dispersão demográfica e baixa cobertura do sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar os principais aspectos metodológicos e descrever as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde dos ribeirinhos de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com ribeirinhos residentes na zona rural do Município de Coari, no período de abril a julho de 2015. A amostra probabilística por conglomerados foi composta por 492 sujeitos. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos ribeirinhos é do sexo feminino (53%), tem até 9 anos de estudos (68,5%), apresenta em média renda familiar mensal equivalente a 1/3 do salário mínimo. Dentre os problemas de saúde relatados nos últimos 30 dias, destacaram-se as queixas álgicas (45,2%). Os principais recursos utilizados nos cuidados com a saúde foram medicamentos alopáticos (70,3%), superando o uso de plantas medicinais (44,3%). Os ribeirinhos navegam em média 60,4km e demoram cerca de 4,2 horas para acessar a zona urbana do município. De maneira geral, a população ribeirinha estudada é caracterizada pelo baixo nível econômico e acesso limitado à zona urbana. Os problemas de saúde são solucionados na maior parte das vezes pelo uso de medicamentos alopáticos. As limitações geográficas que constituem barreiras ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e à melhoria das condições de vida dos ribeirinhos podem limitar a aquisição de informações epidemiológicas dessas populações.

Population-based health surveys are important tools for identifying disease determinants, especially in regions with widely dispersed populations and low health system coverage. The aim of this study was to describe the principal methodological aspects and to describe the socioeconomic, demographic, and health characteristics of the riverine populations of Coari, Amazonas State, Brazil. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in river-dwelling communities in the rural area of Coari, from April to July 2015. The probabilistic cluster sample consisted of 492 individuals. The results showed that the majority of the river-dwellers were females (53%), had up to 9 years of schooling (68.5%), and earned a monthly family income equivalent to one-third the minimum wage. The health problems reported in the previous 30 days featured conditions involving pain (45.2%). The main healthcare resources were allopathic medicines (70.3%), exceeding herbal remedies (44.3%). The river-dwellers travel an average of 60.4km and take some 4.2 hours to reach the urban area of Coari. The riverine population generally presents low economic status and limited access to the urban area. Health problems are mostly solved with allopathic medicines. Geographic characteristics, as barriers to access to health services and to improvements in living conditions for the riverine population, can limit the collection of epidemiological data on these populations.

Las encuestas poblacionales de salud son instrumentos importantes para el reconocimiento de determinantes de morbilidades, sobre todo en regiones de gran dispersión demográfica y baja cobertura del sistema de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar los principales aspectos metodológicos y descibir las características socioeconómicas, demográficas y de salud los ribereños de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal con base poblacional, realizado con ribereños residentes en la zona rural del municipio de Coari, durante el período de abril a julio de 2015. La muestra probabilística por conglomerados estaba compuesta por 492 sujetos. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los ribereños es de sexo femenino (53,0%), tiene hasta 9 años de estudios (68,5%), presenta de media una renta familiar mensual equivalente a 1/3 del salario mínimo. Entre los problemas de salud relatados en los últimos 30 días, se destacaron las quejas álgicas (45,2%). Los principales recursos utilizados en los cuidados con la salud fueron medicamentos alopáticos (70,3%), superando el uso de plantas medicinales (44,3%). Los ribereños navegan de media 60,4km y tardan casi 4,2 horas para acceder a la zona urbana del municipio. De manera general, la población ribereña estudiada está caracterizada por el bajo nivel económico y acceso limitado a zonas urbanas. Los problemas de salud se solucionan la mayor parte de las veces mediante el uso de medicamentos alopáticos. Las limitaciones geográficas que constituyen barreras al acceso a los servicios de salud, y a la mejoría de las condiciones de vida de los ribereños, pueden limitar la obtención de información epidemiológica de esa población.

Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a means of screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults in Brazil / Validação do questionário STOP-Bang para a identificação de apneia obstrutiva do sono em adultos no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the Portuguese-language version of the STOP-Bang (acronym for Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, and Gender) questionnaire, culturally adapted for use in Brazil, as a means of screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. Methods: In this validation study, we enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age, recruited between May of 2015 and November of 2016. All patients completed the STOP-Bang questionnaire and underwent overnight polysomnography. To evaluate the performance of the questionnaire, we used contingency tables and areas under the (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUCs). Results: We included 456 patients. The mean age was 43.7 ± 12.5 years, and 291 (63.8%) of the patients were male. On the basis of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), we categorized OSA as mild/moderate/severe (any OSA; AHI ≥ 5 events/h), moderate/severe (AHI ≥ 15 events/h), or severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h). The overall prevalence of OSA was 78.3%, compared with 52.0%, and 28.5% for moderate/severe and severe OSA, respectively. The most common score on the STOP-Bang questionnaire was 4 points (n = 106), followed by 3 points (n = 85) and 5 points (n = 82). An increase in the score was paralleled by a reduction in sensitivity with a corresponding increase in specificity for all AHI cut-off points. The AUCs obtained for the identification of any, moderate/severe, and severe OSA were: 0.743, 0.731, and 0.779, respectively. For any OSA, the score on the questionnaire (cut-off, ≥ 3 points) presented sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.5%, 45.5%, and 75.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The STOP-Bang questionnaire performed adequately for OSA screening, indicating that it could be used as an effective screening tool for the disorder.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a validação da versão brasileira do questionário STOP-Bang (acrônimo em inglês para Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, and Gender) para a identificação de apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) em adultos. Métodos: Neste estudo de validação, foram incluídos pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos, recrutados entre maio de 2015 e novembro de 2016. Todos os pacientes completaram o questionário STOP-Bang e foram submetidos a polissonografia de noite inteira. O índice de apneias e hipopneias (IAH) foi calculado. Foram utilizadas tabelas de contingência e a área sob a curva (ASC) ROC para avaliar o desempenho do questionário. Resultados: Foram incluídos 456 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 43,7 ± 12,5 anos, e 291 (63,8%) dos pacientes eram homens. Com base no IAH, a AOS foi classificada em leve/moderada/grave (AOS, independentemente da gravidade; IAH ≥ 5 eventos/h), cuja prevalência foi de 78,3%; moderada/grave (IAH ≥ 15 eventos/h), cuja prevalência foi de 52,0%; e grave (IAH ≥ 30 eventos/h), cuja prevalência foi de 28,5%. A pontuação mais frequentemente obtida no STOP-Bang foi 4 (n = 106), seguida de 3 (n = 85) e 5 (n = 82). O aumento da pontuação obtida no STOP-Bang (pontuação máxima: 8) resultou em redução da sensibilidade e aumento correspondente da especificidade em todos os pontos de corte do IAH (≥ 5, ≥ 15 e ≥ 30 eventos/h). A ASC para a identificação de AOS, AOS moderada/grave e AOS grave foi de 0,743, 0,731 e 0,779, respectivamente. Para a identificação de AOS, a pontuação no STOP-Bang (valor de corte ≥ 3) apresentou sensibilidade de 83,5%, especificidade de 45,5% e acurácia de 75,2%. Conclusões: O questionário STOP-Bang mostrou-se adequado para identificar AOS e pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para o diagnóstico do transtorno.

Discrepancia en la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre niños y padres a través del cuestionario EQ-5D-Y / Parent-child discrepancy in the assessment of health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D-Y questionnaire

Introducción. La evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) permite detectar cambios en el tiempo en la salud de pacientes y posibilita realizar un análisis de coste-efectividad de tratamientos. En niños con características especiales de salud que no pueden autoevaluarse, existe la posibilidad de evaluar su CVRS a través de padres o cuidadores. Hasta la fecha, no se ha analizado la discrepancia en la evaluación de la CVRS a través del cuestionario EQ-5D-Y entre niños con parálisis cerebral (PC) y sus padres. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el grado de concordancia en la evaluación de la CVRS a través del cuestionario EQ-5D-Y y su versión Proxy entre niños con PC y sus padres o cuidadores. Población y métodos. Participaron, en el estudio, niños y adolescentes con PC, así como sus padres y madres, procedentes de un centro de educación especial de la región de Extremadura (España). Se utilizó el cuestionario EQ-5D-Y para los niños y el EQ-5D-Y Proxy para los padres. Las entrevistas fueron llevabas a cabo durante el primer trimestre de 2015. Se analizó la concordancia en las respuestas mediante el nivel de acuerdo con kappa de Cohen para las 5 dimensiones que componen el EQ-5D-Y y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase para la escala visual analógica. Resultados. Participaron 62 niños con PC con afectación leve y/o moderada de su capacidad funcional, sus padres y madres. Hubo una pobre concordancia en la evaluación de la CVRS entre niños y padres en todas las dimensiones del cuestionario (< 0, 20) y justo o pobre (< 0, 60) en la escala visual analógica. Conclusiones. Existe un alto desacuerdo en la evaluación de la CVRS entre padres e hijos en población con PC a través del cuestionario EQ-5D-Y.

Introduction. The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves to detect changes over time in patients' health status and allows to do a cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments. When children with special health features cannot perform a self-assessment, it is possible to assess their HRQoL through their parents or caregivers. To date, the discrepancy in the assessment of HRQoL using the EQ-5D-Y questionnaire among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents has not been analyzed. The objective of this study was to analyze the level of agreement in the HRQoL assessment using the EQ-5D-Y questionnaire and its proxy version among children with CP and their parents or caregivers. Population and methods. Children and adolescents with CP, and their parents, from a special education school in the region of Extremadura (Spain) participated in the study. The EQ-5D-Y questionnaire was used for children and the EQ-5D-Y proxy version, for parents. Interviews were conducted in the first quarter of 2015. The level of agreement in the responses was analyzed using the Cohen's kappa coefficient for the five domains of the EQ-5D-Y and the intraclass correlation coefficient for the visual analogue scale. Results. Sixty-two children with CP and mild and/or moderate functional capacity impairment, and their parents, participated in the study. The level of agreement was poor in the HRQoL assessment between children and parents in all the questionnaire domains (<0.20) and fair or poor (<0.60) in the visual analogue scale. Conclusions. A high level of parent-child disagreement was observed in the HRQoL assessment in the population with CP using the EQ-5D-Y questionnaire.

Exposure to smoking in soap operas and movies: smoking cessation and attempts to quit. / Exposição ao cigarro em telenovelas e filmes: tentativas de parar de fumar e abstinência.

The objectives of this research were to evaluate whether there was an association between seeing an actor smoke in telenovelas, Brazilian films, or international films, and trying to quit and quitting among adult Brazilian smokers. Data from 39,425 participants in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey were used. Quit ratio (former smoker/former smoker + ever smoker) and proportions of current, former, and never smokers were calculated. Multivariable weighted regression was used to determine significant associations between quitting smoking and exposure to telenovelas and films. For current smokers, the odds of trying to quit were significantly higher among those who saw an actor smoking in a Brazilian film. Those who believed smoking caused serious illness and had rules in the home prohibiting smoking were significantly more likely to have tried to quit or had quit smoking. Exposure to smoking in the media may be different in adults than adolescents. Influential factors for trying to quit and quitting are rules prohibiting smoking at home, belief that smoking causes serious illness, and hearing about dangers of smoking in media.

[Simplification and Validation of Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese].

BACKGROUND: Patients often have cough after lung surgery, and there is a lack of tools to specifically assess postoperative coughs. LCQ-MC (Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese) was revised and validated to explore its value on clinical application. METHODS: A total of 250 patients undergone the lung operation of single medical team, from September 2015 to December 2016 in the Department ofThoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were investigated. Among them, 121 patients completed LCQ-MC and 129 patients completed simplified LCQ-MC, we verified the reliability and validity. RESULTS: The new questionnaire was not changed in terms of content layout and the scoring method of LCQ-MC, consisting of 12 items and three domains (physical, psychological and social). There was good content validity (S-CVI/UA=0.83). Concurrent validity was high when the simplified LCQ-MC was compared with daytime cough symptom score (r=-0.578, P<0.001). There was a moderate relationship with response to night-time cough symptom score (r=-0.358, P=-0.004) and SF36 total score (r=0.346, P=0.030), and weak relationship with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale total score (r=-0.241, P=0.046). Cronbach's alpha coefficients of simplified LCQ-CM total and three domains varied between 0.79 and 0.89. One week apart test-retest reliability (n=30) was high (r=0.88-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Simplified LCQ-MC has good reliability and validity that can be used for clinical applications.

Calidad de vida relacionada con salud en la población Colombiana: ¿cómo valoran los colombianos su estado de salud? / Quality of life related to health in the Colombian population: how do Colombians perceive their health condition?

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la percepción sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con salud (CVrS) que tiene la población adulta en Colombia. Métodos Encuesta poblacional en una muestra representativa de la población rural y urbana, de 18 y más años. Se midió la CVrS con el instrumento EQ5D-3L y la escala visual análoga, como parte de la cuarta Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental. Las estimaciones fueron ajustadas por el diseño de muestreo y se acompañan de intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados 1 0867 personas completaron la medición; 69,7 % (IC95 % 66,9 a 68,9) de la población reporto estar en "salud completa"; la mayor proporción de personas valoraron su salud por encima de 80 puntos. La presencia de "moderado dolor o malestar", seguida de estar "moderadamente angustiado o deprimido" fueron las alteraciones más frecuentes. Los adultos jóvenes tienden a valorar mejor su salud que los adultos mayores. No hay diferencias en la percepción de la salud entre regiones del país. Conclusiones La calidad de vida relacionada con salud en la población colombiana es mayor de 80 puntos en una escala de 1 a 100. Las alteraciones como angustia y depresión y la percepción del dolor, fueron las más comúnmente reportadas por los colombianos. La situación de pobreza y el bajo nivel educacional son determinantes de la valoración que hacen los colombianos de su CVrS.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the perception about quality of life related to health in the adult population of Colombia. Methods Population-based survey applied on a representative sample of the Colombian rural and urban population, aged 18 years or more. Quality of life related to health was measured using the generic EQ5D instrument and the analogue visual scale as part of the fourth National Mental Health Survey. Estimates were accompanied by 95 % confidence intervals and were adjusted by the sampling design. Results 10 867 people aged 18 years or older completed the measurement. 69.7 % (CI95 %; 66.9-68.9) of the population reported being "completely healthy". Most of the population rated their health condition above 80 points. The presence of "moderate pain or discomfort", followed by being "moderately distressed or depressed" were the most frequent alterations. Young adults tend to perceive their health better than older adults. There is no difference in the perception of health between regions of the country. Conclusions Quality of life related to health in the Colombian population is greater than 80 points on a scale of 1 to 100. Alterations such as angst and depression and the perception of pain were the most frequently reported by Colombians. Poverty and a low level of education are determinants of the perception of Colombians regarding their quality of life related to health.(AU)

Validation of electronic administration of knee surveys among ACL-injured patients.

PURPOSE: Knee-specific patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important tools in evaluating the effectiveness of sports medicine interventions. The PROMs were originally developed for paper administration, but electronic data capture technologies offer potential benefits such as increased efficiency and accuracy. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of touch screen versus paper administration using several common knee-specific and general health surveys. METHODS: Agreement between scores was compared for knee-specific PROMs administered on paper versus computer; paper versus tablet; computer versus tablet in 60 patients per group undergoing ACL reconstruction. Surveys were given at pre-operative assessment and between 1 and 7 days later. Weighted kappa statistic (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to test agreement between the two modalities in: IKDC Subjective Knee Form, Marx Activity Scale, Tegner Activity Level Scale, and Lysholm Knee Scale. SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores were also assessed. RESULTS: Response rate was over 90 %. Mean age was 29.6 ± 10.9 years, with patients in the paper-computer cohort being 4 years older than in the other groups. Agreement was substantial or better for all PROMs collected: IKDC Subjective (ICC: 0.79); Marx (ICC: 0.70); Lysholm (ICC: 0.65); and Tegner (κ = 0.67). Agreement for the SF-12 PCS (ICC: 0.77) and MCS (ICC: 0.73) was also found to have substantial agreement. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, touch screen-based PROMs are a valid capture method, providing reliable results relative to traditional paper survey administration. Digital methods of direct data capture may also foster multi-centre collaborations and allow for more accurate comparisons of outcomes between patient groups in clinical practice and orthopaedic research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Effect of the inclusion of mobile phone interviews to Vigitel / Efeito da inclusão de entrevistas por telefone celular ao Vigitel

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on the prevalence changes of risk factors for chronic diseases, published in the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), after the inclusion of data from the population only with mobile phone. METHODS Our study used data from the 26 State capitals and Federal District of Brazil obtained by the National Survey on Health (PNS) and Vigitel, both held in 2013. In each capital, we added a subsample of 200 adults living in households with only mobile phones, extracted from PNS, to the Vigitel 2013 database, with approximately 1,900 households, named Vigitel dual frame. RESULTS Vigitel results showed absolute relative biases between 0.18% and 14.85%. The system underestimated the frequency of adult smokers (10.77%), whole milk consumption (52.82%), and soft drink consumption (22.22%). Additionally, it overestimated the prevalence of hypertension (25.46%). In the simulations using Vigitel dual frame, with inclusion of the sample of adults living in households with only mobile phones, the bias of estimates was reduced in five out of eight analyzed indicators, with greater effects in regions with lower rates of landline coverage. In comparing regions, we observed negative correlation (ρ = −0.91) between the percentage of indicators with presence of bias and the percentage of households with only mobile phone. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate the benefits of including a subsample of 200 adults with only mobile phone on the Vigitel sample, especially in the capitals of the North and Northeast regions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o impacto nas mudanças das prevalências de fatores de risco de doenças crônicas, divulgadas no Vigitel, após a inclusão de dados provenientes da população com somente telefone celular. MÉTODOS O estudo utilizou os dados das capitais obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e do Vigitel, que foram realizados em 2013. Em cada capital, acrescentou-se uma subamostra de 200 adultos residentes em domicílios com somente celular, extraída da PNS, à base de dados do Vigitel 2013, com aproximadamente 1.900 domicílios, denominado Vigitel cadastro duplo. RESULTADOS Os resultados do Vigitel mostraram vícios relativos absolutos entre 0,18% e 14,85%. O sistema subestimou a frequência de adultos fumantes (10,77%), o consumo de leite com teor integral de gordura (52,82%) e o consumo de refrigerante (22,22%). Adicionalmente, superestimou a prevalência de hipertensão (25,46%). Nas simulações utilizando o Vigitel cadastro duplo, com inclusão da amostra de adultos residentes em domicílios com somente celular, o vício das estimativas foi reduzido em cinco de oito indicadores analisados, com maiores efeitos nas regiões com menores taxas de cobertura de telefonia fixa. Na comparação entre as regiões, observa-se correlação negativa (ρ = -0,91) entre o percentual de indicadores com presença de vício e o percentual de cobertura de domicílios com somente celular. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados do presente estudo indicam os benefícios da inclusão de uma subamostra de 200 adultos com somente celular na amostra do Vigitel, especialmente nas capitais das regiões Norte e Nordeste.

Exposição ao cigarro em telenovelas e filmes: tentativas de parar de fumar e abstinência / Exposición al tabaco en telenovelas y películas: dejar de fumar e intentos de abandono de este hábito / Exposure to smoking in soap operas and movies: smoking cessation and attempts to quit

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a existência de uma associação entre o fato de ver um ator fumando em telenovela brasileira, filme brasileiro ou filme internacional e as tentativas de parar de fumar e abstinência entre fumantes adultos brasileiros. Foram utilizados os dados de 39.425 participantes da versão brasileira do Global Adult Tobacco Survey. O estudo calculou a prevalência de ex-fumantes (ex-fumantes/ex-fumantes + fumantes atuais) e as proporções de fumantes atuais, ex-fumantes e indivíduos que nunca fumaram. Foi utilizada a regressão ponderada multivariada para testar associações significativas entre cessação e exposição ao tabagismo em telenovelas e filmes. Para fumantes atuais, as chances de tentar de parar foram significativamente mais altas entre aqueles que haviam visto ator fumando em filme brasileiro. Aqueles que acreditavam que o fumo causa doenças graves e tinham regras contra fumar em casa apresentavam chances significativamente maiores de terem tentativas de parar e de abstinência. A exposição ao tabagismo na mídia pode ser diferente em adultos e adolescentes. Fatores que influenciam as tentativas e o sucesso na cessação incluem as regras contra fumar em casa, a crença de que o fumo provoca doenças graves e receber informação sobre os perigos do tabagismo através da mídia.

Resumen: Este trabajo tiene el fin de evaluar si existe una asociación entre ver a un actor fumando en telenovelas brasileñas o películas internacionales y dejar de fumar o intentar dejarlo entre fumadores adultos brasileños. Se usaron datos de 39,425 participantes en la Global Adult Tobacco Survey. La ratio de abandono de este hábito (ex fumadores/ex fumadores + fumadores) y los porcentajes de fumadores habituales, ex fumadores y no fumadores también fueron calculados. Se usaron análisis de regresión multivariable para determinar asociaciones significativas entre dejar de fumar y la exposición a telenovelas y películas. Para los fumadores habituales, la probabilidad de intentar dejar de fumar fueron significativamente mayores entre quienes vieron a un actor fumando en una película brasileña. Aquellos que creyeron que fumar causaba enfermedades serias y tenían normas en casa prohibiendo fumar eran más significativamente propensos a haber intentado dejar de fumar o haberlo dejado. La exposición al tabaco en los medios audiovisuales puede diferir entre adultos y adolescentes. Existen factores que influencian intentar o dejar de fumar y son: normas prohibiendo fumar en casa, y la creencia de que el tabaco provoca enfermedades muy serias, así como informarse sobre los peligros del tabaco en los medios de comunicación.

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to evaluate whether there was an association between seeing an actor smoke in telenovelas, Brazilian films, or international films, and trying to quit and quitting among adult Brazilian smokers. Data from 39,425 participants in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey were used. Quit ratio (former smoker/former smoker + ever smoker) and proportions of current, former, and never smokers were calculated. Multivariable weighted regression was used to determine significant associations between quitting smoking and exposure to telenovelas and films. For current smokers, the odds of trying to quit were significantly higher among those who saw an actor smoking in a Brazilian film. Those who believed smoking caused serious illness and had rules in the home prohibiting smoking were significantly more likely to have tried to quit or had quit smoking. Exposure to smoking in the media may be different in adults than adolescents. Influential factors for trying to quit and quitting are rules prohibiting smoking at home, belief that smoking causes serious illness, and hearing about dangers of smoking in media.

Bias of health estimates obtained from chronic disease and risk factor surveillance systems using telephone population surveys in Australia: results from a representative face-to-face survey in Australia from 2010 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: Emerging communication technologies have had an impact on population-based telephone surveys worldwide. Our objective was to examine the potential biases of health estimates in South Australia, a state of Australia, obtained via current landline telephone survey methodologies and to report on the impact of mobile-only household on household surveys. METHODS: Data from an annual multi-stage, systematic, clustered area, face-to-face population survey, Health Omnibus Survey (approximately 3000 interviews annually), included questions about telephone ownership to assess the population that were non-contactable by current telephone sampling methods (2006 to 2013). Univariable analyses (2010 to 2013) and trend analyses were conducted for sociodemographic and health indicator variables in relation to telephone status. Relative coverage biases (RCB) of two hypothetical telephone samples was undertaken by examining the prevalence estimates of health status and health risk behaviours (2010 to 2013): directory-listed numbers, consisting mainly of landline telephone numbers and a small proportion of mobile telephone numbers; and a random digit dialling (RDD) sample of landline telephone numbers which excludes mobile-only households. RESULTS: Telephone (landline and mobile) coverage in South Australia is very high (97%). Mobile telephone ownership increased slightly (7.4%), rising from 89.7% in 2006 to 96.3% in 2013; mobile-only households increased by 431% over the eight year period from 5.2% in 2006 to 27.6% in 2013. Only half of the households have either a mobile or landline number listed in the telephone directory. There were small differences in the prevalence estimates for current asthma, arthritis, diabetes and obesity between the hypothetical telephone samples and the overall sample. However, prevalence estimate for diabetes was slightly underestimated (RCB value of -0.077) in 2013. Mixed RCB results were found for having a mental health condition for both telephone samples. Current smoking prevalence was lower for both hypothetical telephone samples in absolute differences and RCB values: -0.136 to -0.191 for RDD landline samples and -0.129 to -0.313 for directory-listed samples. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest landline-based sampling frames used in Australia, when appropriately weighted, produce reliable representative estimates for some health indicators but not for all. Researchers need to be aware of their limitations and potential biased estimates.

Vulnerable Elderly Survey 13 as a screening method for frailty in Polish elderly surgical patient--prospective study.

UNLABELLED: The Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) is a simple function based frailty screening tool that can be also administered by the nonclinical personnel within 5 minutes and has been validated in the out- and in patient clinic and acute medical care settings. The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the VES-13 screening method for predicting the frailty syndrome based on a CGA in polish surgical patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included prospectively 106 consecutive patients ≥65, that qualify for abdominal surgery (both due to oncological and benign reasons), at the tertiary referral hospital.We evaluated the diagnostic performance of VES-13 score comparing to the results from the CGA, accepted as the gold standard for identifying at risk frail elderly patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty as diagnosed by CGA was 59.4%. There was significantly higher number of frail patients in the oncological group (78% vs. 31%; p<0.01). According to the frailty screening methods, the frailty prevalence was 45.3%. The VES-13 score had a 60% sensitivity and 78% specificity in detecting frailty syndrome. The positive and negative predictive value was 81% and 57%, respectively. The overall predictive capacity was intermediate (AUC=0.69) CONCLUSIONS: At present, the VES-13 screening tool for older patients cannot replace the comprehensive geriatric assessment; this is due to the insufficient discriminative power to select patients for further assessment. It might be helpful in a busy clinical practice and in facilities that do not have trained personal for geriatric assessment.

Clinically important deterioration in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a choice of evaluation methods using the Oswestry Disability Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and pain scales: clinical article.

OBJECT: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures have become the mainstay for outcome appraisal in spine surgery. Clinically meaningful interpretation of HRQOL improvement has centered on the minimum clinically important difference (MCID). The purpose of this study was to calculate clinically important deterioration (CIDET) thresholds and determine a CIDET value for each HRQOL measure for patients undergoing lumbar fusion. METHODS: Seven hundred twenty-two patients (248 males, 127 smokers, mean age 60.8 years) were identified with complete preoperative and 1-year postoperative HRQOLs including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and numeric rating scales (0-10) for back and leg pain following primary, instrumented, posterior lumbar fusion. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods were used to calculate CIDET for each HRQOL. Anchor-based methods included change score, change difference, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The Health Transition Item, an independent item of the SF-36, was used as the external anchor. Patients who responded "somewhat worse" and "much worse" were combined and compared with patients responding "about the same." Distribution-based methods were minimum detectable change and effect size. RESULTS: Diagnoses included spondylolisthesis (n = 332), scoliosis (n = 54), instability (n = 37), disc pathology (n = 146), and stenosis (n = 153). There was a statistically significant change (p < 0.0001) for each HRQOL measure from preoperatively to 1-year postoperatively. Only 107 patients (15%) reported being "somewhat worse" (n = 81) or "much worse" (n = 26). Calculation methods yielded a range of CIDET values for ODI (0.17-9.06), SF-36 physical component summary (-0.32 to 4.43), back pain (0.02-1.50), and leg pain (0.02-1.50). CONCLUSIONS: A threshold for clinical deterioration was difficult to identify. This may be due to the small number of patients reporting being worse after surgery and the variability across methods to determine CIDET thresholds. Overall, it appears that patients may interpret the absence of change as deterioration.

Audio computer-assisted survey instrument versus face-to-face interviews: optimal method for detecting high-risk behaviour in pregnant women and their sexual partners in the south of Brazil.

Audio computer-assisted survey instrument (ACASI) has been shown to decrease under-reporting of socially undesirable behaviours, but has not been evaluated in pregnant women at risk of HIV acquisition in Brazil. We assigned HIV-negative pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care at in Porto Alegre, Brazil and their partners to receive a survey regarding high-risk sexual behaviours and drug use via ACASI (n = 372) or face-to-face (FTF) (n = 283) interviews. Logistic regression showed that compared with FTF, pregnant women interviewed via ACASI were significantly more likely to self-report themselves as single (14% versus 6%), having >5 sexual partners (35% versus 29%), having oral sex (42% versus 35%), using intravenous drugs (5% versus 0), smoking cigarettes (23% versus 16%), drinking alcohol (13% versus 8%) and using condoms during pregnancy (32% versus 17%). Therefore, ACASI may be a useful method in assessing risk behaviours in pregnant women, especially in relation to drug and alcohol use.