Inquérito telefônico de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças e agravos não transmissíveis no Estado de Goiás: Vigitel Goiás / Vigitel Goiás Telephone survey of risk and protective factors for non-communicable diseases and conditions in the State of Goiás

As Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis (DANT) representam a maior causa de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Compreendem dois grandes grupos de eventos: as Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT), caracterizadas principalmente pelas doenças cardiovasculares, doenças respiratórias crônicas, neoplasias e diabetes mellitus, e as causas externas, tais como os acidentes e as violências. Nesse sentido, o VIGITEL nacional, realizado a partir de 2006, forneceu dados importantes de fatores de risco para o Brasil e capitais. Este relatório é o resultado do primeiro inquérito realizado no Estado, com representatividade para o Estado de Goiás e as cinco macrorregiões. Esses dados subsidiarão o novo Plano de Enfrentamento das DANT de Goiás (2023-2032)

Non-communicable Diseases and Conditions (NCDs) represent the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and the world. They comprise two large groups of events: Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), characterized mainly by cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms and diabetes mellitus, and external causes, such as accidents and violence. In this sense, the national VIGITEL, carried out since 2006, provided important data on risk factors for Brazil and capitals. This report is the result of the first survey carried out in the State, with representation for the State of Goiás and the five macro-regions. This data will support the new Goiás DANT Coping Plan (2023-2032)

Prevalência de depressão autorreferida no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019 e 2013 / Prevalencia de depresión autoinformada en Brasil: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019 y 2013 / Prevalence of self-reported depression in Brazil: National Health Survey 2019 and 2013

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de depressão autorreferida na população brasileira adulta a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019, e comparar com a PNS 2013. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo no qual se calcularam prevalências de diagnóstico autorreferido de depressão, segundo localidade e variáveis demográficas, e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas com teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Participaram 90.846 indivíduos com idade ≥ 18 anos, na PNS 2019, e 60.202, na PNS 2013. Entre 2013 e 2019, as prevalências de depressão autorreferida aumentaram de 7,6% (IC95% 7,2;8,1) para 10,2% (IC95% 9,9;10,6), e de busca por atendimento nos últimos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista, de 46,4% (IC95% 43,75;49,1) para 52,8% (IC95% 50,7;55,0). Consultórios privados foram o principal local de assistência. Conclusão: A depressão é um transtorno altamente prevalente. O diagnóstico de depressão e a busca por atendimento aumentaram no período. Entretanto, o predomínio de atendimentos em consultórios privados sugere desigualdades na melhoria da cobertura assistencial.

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de depresión autoinformada en la población adulta brasileña en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) 2019 y compararla con la PNS 2013. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo donde se calcularon prevalencias del diagnóstico autoinformado de depresión e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) según localización y variables demográficas. Análisis bivariados se realizaron mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Participaron 90.846 individuos en edad ≥ 18 años en la PNS 2019, y 60.202 en 2013. Entre 2013 y 2019, la prevalencia de diagnóstico autoinformado de depresión aumentó de 7,6% (IC95% 7,2;8,1) a 10,2% (IC95% 9,9;10,6) y búsqueda de atención del 46,4% (IC95% 43,75;49,1) a 52,8% (IC95% 50,7;55,0). Oficinas privadas fueron el principal lugar de asistencia. Conclusión: La depresión es un trastorno altamente prevalente. La prevalencia de diagnóstico de depresión y búsqueda de atención aumentaron en el período. El predominio de la atención en oficinas privadas sugiere desigualdades en la mejora de la cobertura de atención.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of self-reported depression among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and compare to the 2013 PNS. Methods: Cross-sectional study of Brazilian adults using data from the 2019 and 2013 PNS. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of self-reported depression were estimated by region and demographic characteristics. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-squared tests. Results: There were 90,846 participants aged ≥ 18 years in 2019, and 60,202 in 2013. Between 2013 and 2019, prevalence of self-reported depression increased from 7.6% (95%CI 7.2;8.1) to 10.2% (95%CI 9.9;10.6) and of individuals who sought healthcare, from 46.4% (95%CI 43.8;49.1) to 52.8% (95%CI 50.7;55.0). Private clinics were the main source of healthcare. Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent in Brazil. Prevalence of diagnosis of depression and use of health services increased in the studied period. The predominance of care in private clinics suggests inequalities in the improvement of mental healthcare coverage.

Utilização de serviços odontológicos no Brasil / Use of dental services in Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a utilização de serviços odontológicos no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal, analítico. Os dados individuais foram obtidos das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde desenvolvidas nos anos de 2013 e 2019. Os dados foram analisados considerando os pesos amostrais decorrentes de amostras complexas. Para cada estudo, foram desenvolvidas técnicas de análise múltipla que contemplaram os objetivos do estudo. Os resultados foram discutidos em três artigos científicos aceitos para publicação em periódicos e um artigo em fase de finalização. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a população negra, residente na região Norte e Nordeste, de menor classe social e escolaridade apresentam maior chance de ter ido ao dentista há mais de dois anos e de nunca ter ido ao dentista, bem como maior chance de realizar procedimentos odontológicos cirúrgicos ou de urgência na última consulta odontológica. Observou-se em relação às características do domicílio, que morar em área rural, maior aglomeração e menor renda familiar reduziram as chances de ter utilizado serviços odontológicos no último ano. Por outro lado, pessoas que residiam em domicílios cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família tiveram menor chance de não ter realizado uma consulta odontológica ao longo da vida, ou de terem ido ao dentista há mais de um ano. Ao analisar especificamente a utilização de serviços públicos odontológicos, após ajuste para idade e sexo, a escolaridade, a cor da pele ou raça e a renda familiar demonstraram efeito predisponente na utilização de serviços públicos odontológicos. Os fatores facilitadores foram residir em domicílios cadastrados em equipes de atenção primária ou localizados em áreas rurais. Os fatores de necessidade associados à utilização de serviço odontológico público foram autopercepção de saúde bucal ruim ou péssima e não ter realizado tratamento restaurador no último atendimento odontológico. Em relação aos fatores contextuais, a utilização de serviço público odontológico esteve associada à maior cobertura populacional por equipes de saúde bucal na atenção primária. De forma geral, observamos um acesso desigual aos serviços odontológicos no Brasil. Esse cenário ocorre quando fatores sociais e facilitadores determinam quem utiliza os serviços, em detrimento da necessidade de utilização. Apesar disso, observamos um efeito importante, decorrente da oferta de serviços odontológicos na atenção primária como um fator mitigador de tais desigualdades, o que demonstra um efeito positivo das estratégias adotadas na Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (AU).

The present study aimed to analyze dental services utilization in Brazil. This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, analytical study. Individual data from the National Health Surveys developed in 2013 and 2019. Data were analyzed by adjusting the sample weights resulting from complex samples. For each study, multivariate analysis techniques addressed the study's objectives. The results will be discussed in three scientific papers accepted for publication in journals and one article in the process of being finalized. It was noticed that the population subgroups comprising Blacks and those residing in the North or Northeast, with lower social class and education, had a greater chance of having a last dental appointment more than two years and never having been to the dentist. In addition, this population stratum also had a greater chance of undergoing surgical or emergency dental procedures in the last dental appointment. The outcome never had a dental appointment was significantly associated with illiterate, males, without private dental insurance, self-rated oral health as bad or very bad, household not enrolled in primary care teams, household in a rural area, high household crowding, and low household income per capita. The highest prevalence of public dental service utilization on an individual level was observed among unable to read or write people, indigenous, black or brown, with lower per capita household income, living in the rural area, and who self-rated oral health as regular or very bad/bad. On the contextual level, highest public dental service utilization was observed among those living in federal units with increased oral health coverage in primary health care. In general, we observe inequalities in dental services utilization in Brazil. This scenario occurs when social characteristics and facilitating aspects determine who uses the services, to the detriment of the need to use them. Despite this, we observed an important effect resulting from the provision of dental services in primary care as a mitigating factor for such inequalities, demonstrating a positive effect of the strategies adopted in the National Oral Health Policy (AU).

Association Between Caries Experience and School Performance in an Island Community: Full-Time versus Part-Time Public Schools

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between caries experience and school performance among children and adolescents living in an island community without fluoridated water supply and to compare data according to the type of attended school (full-time or part-time). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional oral health survey in a convenience sample of students (n=147) attending four public schools was performed. Students were examined by one calibrated dentist in the school environment to the obtain prevalence of dental caries (DMFT/dmft) and its consequences using the PUFA/pufa index. Self-reported oral health behavior was also accessed. Data from each student's school performance and absenteeism were extracted from official sources and the school performance was classified into "good" and "fair". The final sample consisted of 120 students. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were performed to evaluate collected data. Results: Students´ age ranged between 5 to 19 years (10±4.3). DMFT/dmft mean were 1.3 (±2.3) and 3.05 (±3.4), respectively. Conclusion: Participants from the full-time school presented better oral health status than their peers in the part-time schools (p<0.05). A significant association was found between the prevalence of caries-free participants and good school performance when the factor age range was controlled (OR=2.87). Moreover, attendance to full-time schools appeared to be a protective factor for good oral health conditions (AU).

Association of Serum Vitamin B6 with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Study.

There is little evidence regarding the association between serum vitamin B6 concentration and subsequent mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamin B6 concentration with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the general population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study examined 12,190 adults participating in NHANES from 2005 to 2010 in the United States. The mortality status was linked to National Death Index (NDI) records up to 31 December 2015. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 status was defined as deficient (PLP < 20 nmol/L), insufficient (PLP ≥ 20.0 and <30.0 nmol/L), and sufficient (PLP ≥ 30.0 nmol/L). We established Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate the associations of categorized vitamin B6 concentration and log-transformed PLP concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). In our study, serum vitamin B6 was sufficient in 70.6% of participants, while 12.8% of the subjects were deficient in vitamin B6. During follow-up, a total of 1244 deaths were recorded, including 294 cancer deaths and 235 CVD deaths. After multivariate adjustment in Cox regression, participants with higher serum vitamin B6 had a 15% (HR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.77, 0.93) reduced risk of all-cause mortality and a 19% (HR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.68, 0.98) reduced risk for CVD mortality for each unit increment in natural log-transformed PLP. A higher log-transformed PLP was not significantly associated with a lower risk for cancer mortality. Compared with sufficient vitamin B6, deficient (HR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.17, 1.60) and insufficient (HR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.38) vitamin B6 level were significantly associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality. There was no significant association for cause-specific mortality. Participants with higher levels of vitamin B6 had a lower risk for all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining a sufficient level of serum vitamin B6 may lower the all-cause mortality risk in the general population.

Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis.

Anemia in pregnancy, which is a public health concern for most developing countries, is predominantly caused by iron deficiency. At least, 180 days of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is recommended for pregnant women to mitigate anemia and its adverse effects. This study aimed to examine compliance with the recommendation of IFA supplementation and its underlying factors using the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey data. The variables assessed included age, highest level of education, occupation, wealth index, ethnicity, religion, residence, number of pregnancies, time of first antenatal care (ANC) visit and number of ANC visits. Compliance with the recommendation of at least 180 days of IFA supplementation was the outcome variable. The study assessed 7983 women aged 15-49 years with a history of pregnancy. Of these participants, 25.8% complied with the IFA supplementation recommendation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women of Islamic faith and non-Indigenous Muslim ethnicity were less likely to comply with the IFA supplementation recommendation. Being aged between 25 and 34 years, having better education and higher wealth status, rural residency, initiating ANC visits during the first trimester of pregnancy and having at least four ANC visits positively influenced compliance with IFA supplementation. The effect of residence on IFA adherence differed across the wealth classes. Strategies targeted at specific groups, such as religious minorities, poor urban residents, the less educated and young women, should be strengthened to encourage early and regular antenatal care visits for improving compliance.

The beneficial effects of menopausal hormone therapy on renal survival in postmenopausal Korean women from a nationwide health survey.

Several studies have demonstrated the nephroprotective effects of estrogen on renal damage. In light of the inconsistent results of previous findings, this study aims to evaluate the in-depth role of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the development of end stage renal disease (ESRD). 3,109,506 Korean adult women who had undergone a medical examination in 2009 (index year) were initially identified for inclusion in this study. We excluded subjects had not experienced menopause naturally, had data missing for at least one variable, and were diagnosed with ESRD within 1 year from the index year. MHT data was obtained from self-reporting questionnaires and the primary outcome was the development of ESRD from the index year until December 31, 2018. A final total of 1,460,311 subjects were included in this study. The participants were divided into four groups according to the duration of MHT; no history of MHT, MHT < 2 years, 2 ≤ MHT < 5 years, MHT ≥ 5 years. During the 9-year study period, a total of 4905 participants developed ESRD. The participants who had a history of MHT use were found to have a 30% reduced risk of developing ESRD. Results from the subgroup analyses were similar to that of the primary study. The findings in this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of MHT on the development of ESRD in postmenopausal women. Based on results, our study may offer suggestions for further studies to investigate the therapeutic options on kidney disease.

The effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals faced psychological stress caused by fear and anxiety due to the high transmission and mortality rate of the disease, the social isolation, economic problems, and difficulties in reaching health services. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic centralized pain sensitivity disorder. Psychological, physical and/or autoimmune stressors were found to increase FM symptoms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 fear and anxiety level, and to examine their effect on disease severity, sleep quality, and mood in FM patients compared to control group. METHODS: This pilot study conducted as a cross-sectional study, and included 62 participants. Participants were divided into two groups: FM patient group (n = 31) and control group (n = 31). Symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood were determined using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Pitsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. In order to evaluate the level of COVID-19 fear and anxiety, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used compared to control group. RESULTS: FIQR, PSQI, HAD-A, HAD-D, FCV-19S and CAS scores were significantly higher in the FM group (p = 0.01). A positive significant correlation was found between FCV-19S and CAS results and FIQR, PSQI, and HAD-anx results in FM patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed that, the individuals with FM can be more affected by psychological stress, and this situation negatively affects the symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood in FM patients, so these patients should be closely monitored in terms of psychological stressors and their effects during pandemics. More studies with more participants are necessary to describe the challenges lived by fibromyalgia population.

Rapid and sound assessment of well-being within a multi-dimensional approach: The Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs).

The assessment of well-being remains an important topic for many disciplines including medical, psychological, social, educational, and economic fields. The present study assesses the reliability and validity of a five-item instrument for evaluating physical, psychological, spiritual, relational, and general well-being. This measure uniquely utilizes a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale in which a respondent selects a whole number that best reflects the intensity of the investigated characteristic. In study one, 939 clinical (i.e., diagnosed with cancer and liver disease with cirrhosis) and non-clinical (i.e., undergraduate students and their family and acquaintances) participants between the ages of 18 to 87 years (M = 47.20 years, SD = 19.62, 54% males) were recruited. Results showed items have strong discriminant ability and the spread of threshold parameters attests to the appropriateness of the response categories. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were found with other self-report measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, optimism, well-being) and the measure showed responsiveness to two separate interventions for clinical populations. In study two, 287 Canadian (ages ranged from 18 to 30 years; M = 20.78, SD = 3.32; 23% males) and 342 Italian undergraduate psychology students (age ranged from 18 to 29 years, M = 21.21 years, SD = 1.73, 38% males) were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. IRT-based differential item functioning analyses provided evidence that the item properties were similar for the Italian and English versions of the scale. Additionally, the validity results obtained in study one were replicated and similar relationships between criterion variables were found when comparing the Italian- and the English-speaking samples. Overall, the current study provides evidence that the Italian and English versions of the WB-NRSs offer added value in research focused on well-being and in assessing well-being changes prompted by intervention programs.

Diet and physical activity in Greenland: genetic interactions and associations with obesity and diabetes.

The Inuit in Greenland have gone through dramatic lifestyle changes during the last half century. More time is spent being sedentary and imported foods replaces traditional foods like seal and whale. The population has also experienced a rapid growth in obesity and metabolic disturbances and diabetes is today common despite being almost unknown few decades ago. In this paper, we describe and discuss the role of lifestyle changes and genetics for Inuit metabolic health. Novelty: Cardiometabolic disease risk has increased in Greenland. Lifestyle changes and possibly gene-lifestyle interactions play a role.

Longitudinal study of the relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adult residents: Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey.

BACKGROUND: Increasing coffee intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in Western countries. However, in China where coffee consumption and diabetes population has been growing fast in recent years, studies on the impact of coffee intakes on the onset of type 2 diabetes are lacking. This study attempts to determine the associations between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. METHODS: This longitudinal study analyzed 10447 adults who had participated in at least two rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is a survey database of multistage, random cluster process during 1993-2011. Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence were measured in the survey. Body mass index (BMI), age, sex, place of residence, waves, education level, smoking, drinking alcohol and tea drinking frequency were adjusted as covariate. We used longitudinal fixed effects regression models to assess changes within person. RESULTS: After adjusting confounding factors, lower risk of diabetes is observed among Chinese adults who drink coffee occasionally (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.34) and drink almost every day (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.83), compared with those who do not or hardly drink. In the subgroup analysis, among women aged 45-59 who drink coffee one to three times a week (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.52) and men over 60 who drink coffee almost every day (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.53), protective effects were found. For young men aged 19-29, drinking coffee almost every day showed a risk effect (AOR = 20.21, 95% CI = 5.96-68.57). CONCLUSIONS: Coffee drinking habit is an independent protective factor for adult on type 2 diabetes in China. And it varies among people with different ages and genders. The rapid growth of coffee consumption in China in recent years may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, but at the same time, the risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents needs attention.

Quality of Life of Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the organisation of medical care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is the first prospective observational study on patient-reported outcomes, quality of life (HRQOL) and satisfaction in patients with cancer with their care management in a day hospital during the period of May-June 2020. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder Screener and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey were used. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 189 of 267 patients. They were generally aged 61 to 70 years and women and presented with lung, breast, or colorectal cancer. Patients had low anxiety scores (mean: 3.2±4.5), with only 11.1% showing anxiety. Risk factors of anxiety included female gender (p=0.03) and lifestyle (residence, family environment) (p=0.01). The patient's physical health was stable, whereas mental health had deteriorated (p<0.0001). Risk factors of altered HRQOL included age and lifestyle. Patients greatly appreciated all the facilities of the day hospital and its organisation. CONCLUSION: This study shows a preserved HRQOL and low anxiety of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Inquérito sorológico de brucelose em machos e fêmeas bovinas em fazendas do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Serological survey of brucellosis in males and females of cattle in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de animais soro reagentes à brucelose bovina em fazendas localizadas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio de exame sorológico utilizando o Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT) e discutir as possíveis diferenças entre as soroprevalências de fêmeas e machos. Foram avaliados, a partir do teste de triagem com Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT), 724 bovinos da raça Nelore, sendo 274 machos e 450 fêmeas, provenientes de oito propriedades com histórico de problemas reprodutivos. O teste foi procedido conforme o protocolo determinado pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Os resultados demonstraram baixa soroprevalência da doença nos bovinos testados, sendo detectada prevalência para a doença de 1,10% nos machos e 2,88% nas fêmeas.Quando se considera o touro isoladamente nos rebanhos, pode-se perceber que a fertilidade é muito mais importante nos machos do que nas fêmeas individualmente, uma vez que os touros podem se acasalar com um número muito maior de fêmeas, seja na monta natural ou na inseminação artificial, demonstrando a importância do inquérito epidemiológico na população geral, principalmente nos machos. A maior frequência da doença foi encontrada nas fêmeas podendo estar relacionada à infecção por Brucella spp. no ambiente decorrente de parto ou aborto tornando as fêmeas transmissoras permanentes da doença.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of seroreactive animals to bovine brucellosis in farms located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, by means of a serological examination using the Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT) and to discuss the possible differences between the seroprevalence of females and males. A total of 724 Nellore cattle, 274 males and 450 females, from eight farms with a history of reproductive problems, were evaluated using the screening test with Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT). The test was carried out according to the protocol determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA).The results showed a low seroprevalence of the disease in the tested cattle, with a prevalence of 1.10% in males and 2.88% in females.When considered the bull alone in herds, it can be shown that fertility is much more important in males than in females individually, since bulls can mate with a much larger number of females, either in natural mating or in artificial insemination, demonstrating the importance of epidemiological survey in the general population, especially in males. The highest frequency of the disease was found in females and may be related to infection by Brucella spp. in the environment from childbirth or abortion making females permanent transmitters of the disease.

Rationale and design of the TAILOR-PCI digital study: Transitioning a randomized controlled trial to a digital registry.

BACKGROUND: Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (TAILOR-PCI) is the largest cardiovascular genotype-based randomized pragmatic trial (NCT#01742117) to evaluate the role of genotype-guided selection of oral P2Y12 inhibitor therapy in improving ischemic outcomes after PCI. The trial has been extended from the original 12- to 24-month follow-up, using study coordinator-initiated telephone visits. TAILOR-PCI Digital Study tests the feasibility of extending the trial follow-up in a subset of patients for up to 24 months using state-of-the-art digital solutions. The rationale, design, and approach of extended digital study of patients recruited into a large, international, multi-center clinical trial has not been previously described. METHODS: A total of 930 patients from U.S. and Canadian sites previously enrolled in the 5,302 patient TAILOR-PCI trial within 23 months of randomization are invited by mail to the Digital Study website (http://tailorpci.eurekaplatform.org) and by up to 2 recruiting telephone calls. Eureka, a direct-to-participant digital research platform, is used to consent and collect prospective data on patients for the digital study. Patients are asked to answer health-related surveys at fixed intervals using the Eureka mobile app and or desktop platform. The likelihood of patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial transitioning to a registry using digital technology, the reasons for nonparticipation and engagement rates are evaluated. To capture hospitalizations, patients may optionally enable geofencing, a process that allows background location tracking and triggering of surveys if a hospital visit greater than 4 hours is detected. In addition, patients answer digital hospitalization surveys every month. Hospitalization data received from the Digital Study will be compared to data collected from study coordinator telephone visits during the same time frame. CONCLUSIONS: The TAILOR-PCI Digital Study evaluates the feasibility of transitioning a large multicenter randomized clinical trial to a digital registry. The study could provide evidence for the ability of digital technology to follow clinical trial patients and to ascertain trial-related events thus also building the foundation for conducting digital clinical trials. Such a digital approach may be especially pertinent in the era of COVID-19.

Relationship Between Low Handgrip Strength and Chronic Kidney Disease: KNHANES 2014-2017.

OBJECTIVE: Accelerated loss of muscle mass is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various factors associated with CKD, such as nutritional deficiencies, metabolic acidosis, and chronic inflammation, contribute to muscle wasting. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CKD and handgrip strength (HGS) in the Korean population. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 18,765 patients aged ≥19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014-2017. We measured HGS using a digital hand dynamometer and determined the cutoff for low HGS by deriving -2 standard deviation values of sex-matched healthy young adults (19-39 years old). We defined CKD as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of CKD based on a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of CKD was 4.0% in the total population. The cutoff values for the low HGS were 29.5 kg for men and 16.8 kg for women. The prevalence of low HGS was 6.2% in patients without CKD, and 25.2% in patients with CKD. There was a significant correlation between HGS and eGFR in both men and women. In multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age group, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, CKD showed an independent relationship with low HGS in both men (odds ratio [OR] 1.910, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.468-2.485) and women (OR 1.570, 95% CI 1.202-2.052). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low HGS was higher in patients with CKD. We suggest that the sarcopenia should be evaluated in patients with CKD.

Self-reported visual difficulties in Europe and related factors: a European population-based cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: There is a relative paucity of self-reported vision problems data in European countries. METHODS: In this context, we investigated self-reported vision problems through European Health Interview Survey 2, a cross-sectional European population survey based on a standardized questionnaire including 147 medical, demographic and socioeconomic variables applied to non-institutionalized individuals aged 15 years or more in 28 European countries, in addition to Iceland and Norway. RESULTS: The survey included 311 386 individuals (54.18% women), with overall crude prevalence of self-reported vision problems of 2.07% [95% CI; 2.01-2.14]. Among them, 1.70 % [1.61-1.78] of men, 2.41% [2.31-2.51] of women and 4.71% [4.53-4.89] of individuals aged 60 or more reported to have a lot of vision problems or to be not able to see. The frequency of self-reported vision problems was the highest in Eastern European countries with values of 2.43% [2.30-2.56]. In multivariate analyses, limiting long-standing illness, depression, daily smoking, lack of physical activity, lower educational level and social isolation were associated with self-reported vision problems with ORs of 2.66 [2.42-2.92], 2.16 [2.01-2.32], 1.11 [1.01-1.23], 1.31 [1.21-1.42], 1.29 [1.19-1.40] and 1.45 [1.26-1.67], respectively, while higher income was associated with less self-reported vision problems with OR of 0.80 [0.73-0.86]. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated inequalities in terms of prevalence of self-reported vision problems in Europe, with higher prevalence in Eastern European countries and among women and older individuals.

Spine Surgery Database: Spine Disease Analytical Evaluation Module.

AIM: To demonstrate a custom spine disease analytical evaluation module that can instantly, accurately, and effectively analyze the widely accepted outcome measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data input and analysis processes were evaluated on a timely basis to compare the traditional paper-based manual data entry method with the spine surgery database (SSD) platform data entry method. The data of 116 patients in the cervical degenerative patient group were analyzed using the upgraded version of the SSD. The subjects were analyzed with respect to the SF-36 Quality of Life Index, Nurick classification, and Japanese Orthopedic Association score. The manual and computerized patient information analyses were then compared. RESULTS: The developed analysis module enables the instantaneous access and analysis of patient data. More importantly, the paperless evaluation module improves the post-surgery patient status evaluation time by 45.64%. For 116 patients, a physician gains up to 401 min of evaluation time in each preoperative and follow-up period without being subjected to the human errors encountered in paper records. CONCLUSION: It is apparent that customized software solutions are absolutely necessary in patient registration and follow-up processes. The experimental results showed that using the proposed module, patient follow-up and progress analyses can be performed in a fast, effective, and accurate manner.