Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school-based interventions.

BACKGROUND: Reflection spectroscopy is an emerging, non-invasive objective measure used to approximate fruit and vegetable intake. The present study aimed to use a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter®, Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) to assess skin carotenoid status in preschool, middle- and high-school students and to examine associations between skin carotenoids and self-reported dietary intake. METHODS: In Autumn 2018, we used the Veggie Meter® to assess skin carotenoids and age-appropriate validated dietary assessment measures to approximate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Preschool participants completed a previously validated pictorial liking tool using an iPad (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Middle-school participants completed selected questions from the validated School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) (Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA) questionnaire regarding frequency of their FV and beverage intake on the previous day, with additional questions about physical activity. High-school participants' FV intake was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Screener (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine bivariate associations between measures of dietary intake and Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoid levels. RESULTS: Mean (SD) Veggie Meter® readings were 266 (82.9), 219 (68.1) and 216 (67.2) among preschool, middle- and high-school students. There was an inverse association between soda intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = -0.22, P = 0.03) among middle-school students; and a positive association between daily fruit intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = 0.25, P = 0.06) among high-school students. CONCLUSIONS: The Veggie Meter® comprises a promising evaluation tool for preschool and school-based nutrition interventions.

Influence of dietary intake and decision-making during pregnancy on birth outcomes.

AIM: This study aimed to examine dietary intake and decision-making in a cohort of pregnant South-East Queensland women to determine compliance with dietary guidelines and the relationships between dietary intake, decision-making and birth outcomes. METHODS: Pregnant women attending maternity services at participating hospitals reported food frequency and motivations using the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool, a novel digital instrument. Birth outcomes were sourced from hospital records. A cross-sectional cohort design was used to examine the data. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated suboptimal intake of core food groups; meat and alternatives (median [IQR]) (2.6 [2.0-3.4] serves/day) and grains (3.1 [2.1-4.1]) fell below recommendations; fruit (3.8 [2.5-5.3]) and discretionary foods (3.1 [2.1-4.4]) exceeded them. Hypertensive disorders demonstrated a negative linear relationship with vegetable intake (P = .017). Cultural diversity was significantly associated with decreased birthweight (P = .022) but increased intake of meat and alternatives (3.1 vs 2.6, P < .001) compared to Caucasian women; median intake of meat and alternatives was lower in women who reported smoking in the examined time frame. Smokers were less likely to declare health motives for food selection than non-smokers; smoking and health were inversely associated with increasing maternal age. Food choice was primarily sensory-driven. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort demonstrated poor adherence to dietary guidelines. Culturally and linguistically diverse women and smokers exhibit dietary behaviours which may contribute to suboptimal birth outcomes; targeted nutrition counselling may improve outcomes in these women. These findings highlight the need for transdisciplinary maternity care and provide a foundation for further research aimed at optimising nutrition-related birth outcomes in at-risk groups.

Avaliação nutricional e dietética de pré-escolares de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Dietary and nutritional assessment of pre-school children in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Evaluación dietética y nutricional de preescolar en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais

Objetivo: avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar das principais fontes de macro e micronutrientes ingeridos por pré-escolares. Método: trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa, composto por 269 crianças de ambos os sexos com idade entre 3 e 5 anos dos centros municipais de educação infantil de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Realizou-se inquérito alimentar e a avaliação antropométrica no ambiente escolar, mediante a autorização dos pais e/ou responsáveis. Resultados: verifica-se que a maioria das crianças se encontram eutróficas de acordo com todos os critérios avaliados. No inquérito alimentar, apenas o consumo de calorias totais e ferro encontrava-se adequado para a faixa etária. Entre os macronutrientes, o consumo de carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas estava acima do valor recomendado. Dentre os micronutrientes, observa-se o consumo aumentado de zinco, sódio e vitamina C. No entanto, a ingestão de micronutrientes como o cálcio, magnésio, vitaminas A, D e E encontrava-se abaixo do recomendado, além das fibras. Conclusão: observa-se que o estado nutricional das crianças está adequado, porém há inadequação na ingestão alimentar. Este fator pode contribuir com o aumento no índice de sobrepeso e obesidade, e estar associado com as deficiências nutricionais.(AU)

Objective: to assess the nutritional status and food consumption of the main sources of macro and micronutrients ingested by preschool children. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional with a quantitative approach study, composed of 269 children of both sexes aged between 3 and 5 years of child municipal education centers in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. A food survey and anthropometric evaluation were carried out in the school environment, with the authorization of parents and/or guardians. Results: It appears that most of the children are eutrophic according to all the evaluated criteria. In the investigation of food, only the consumption of calories and iron was appropriate for the age range. Among the macronutrients, the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins was above the recommended value. Among the micronutrients, an increased consumption of zinc, sodium and vitamin C was observed. However, the intake of micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, vitamins A, D and E was below the recommended levels, as well as the fibers consumption. Conclusion: It is observed that the nutritional status of children is appropriate, but there is inadequate food intake. This factor may contribute to the increase in overweight and obesity and may also be associated with nutritional deficiencies.(AU)

Objetivo: Valorar el estado nutricional y el consumo de alimentos de las principales fuentes de macro y micronutrientes son ingeridos por preescolar. Método: Este estudio es de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, transversal de enfoque cuantitativo, compuesta por 269 niños de ambos sexos en edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 5 años de centros municipales de educación infantil en la ciudad de Montes Claros, en el estado de Minas Gerais. Encuesta alimentaria y se realizó la evaluación antropométrica en el entorno de la escuela, previa autorización de los padres y/o tutores. Resultados: Parece que la mayoría de los niños se encuentra en el estatus nutricional de acuerdo con todos los criterios evaluados. En la investigación de alimentos, sólo el consumo de calorías y el hierro es el adecuado para el rango de edad. Entre los macronutrientes, el consumo de carbohidratos, lípidos y proteínas fue superior al valor recomendado. Entre los micronutrientes, se observó un incremento en el consumo de zinc, sodio y vitamina C. Sin embargo, la ingesta de micronutrientes como el calcio, el magnesio, vitaminas A, D y E, estaba por debajo de los niveles recomendados, así como las fibras. Conclusión: Se observa que el estado nutricional de los niños es adecuada, pero no hay una ingesta insuficiente de alimentos. Este factor puede contribuir al incremento del sobrepeso y la obesidad, y se asocia con deficiencias nutricionales.(AU)

Padrão de consumo dietético de gestantes e sua relação com a insegurança alimentar no domicílio / Dietary intake patterns of pregnant women and its relationship with food insecurity at household

Introdução: Na gestação, as demandas energéticas estão aumentadas visando à promoção de um adequado desenvolvimento. Tal grupo populacional, quando acometido pela insegurança alimentar (IA), tem comprometimento na qualidade da alimentação, pois há influência no consumo de alimentos. Método: Estudo transversal com gestantes atendidas pela rede pública de saúde de Maceió, AL, em 2014. O padrão de consumo dietético foi avaliado por meio de recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas e de questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar, e a presença da IA no domicílio pela Escala Brasileira de IA, com utilização dos testes do χ2 e o teste T de Student, considerando p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Foram estudadas 356 gestantes, sendo 42,7% com IA. A maioria tinha elevado consumo diário de arroz (95,5%), feijão (82,0%) e pães (72,7%). Por outro lado, leite e derivados (53,3%), ovos (26,5%) e as carnes (59,0%) foram alimentos de baixo consumo, sendo o último ainda menor nas gestantes com IA (p=0,025). Adicionalmente, esse padrão de consumo refletiu em uma alimentação com baixo aporte energético, dos micronutrientes ácido fólico, ferro, selênio, zinco e cálcio, e de fibras. Conclusão: O padrão de consumo alimentar das gestantes estudadas é caracterizado pelo baixo consumo energético e de nutrientes essenciais ao bom êxito da gravidez. A presença da IA no domicílio não levou a maior comprometimento desse padrão dietético, exceção ao consumo de carnes.(AU)

Introduction: During the pregnancy the energy demands are increased aimed at promoting a proper development. This population group when affected by food insecurity (FI) has compromised the quality of food, it influences on food consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional study of pregnant women by the public health Maceió, AL, in 2014. The pattern of dietary intake was assessed by food 24-hour recalls and a questionnaire of food intake frequency, and the presence of FI in home by the Brazilian Scale FI, using the χ2 and Student's t test, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: We studied 356 pregnant women, being 42.7% FI. Most had high daily consumption of rice (95.5%), beans (82.0%) and bread (72.7%). On the other hand, dairy products (53.3%), eggs (26.5%) and meat (59.0%) were low-energy food, the latter being even lower in pregnant women with FI (p=0.025). In addition, this consumption pattern reflected in a power low energy intake, micronutrients folic acid, iron, selenium, zinc and calcium and fiber. Conclusion: The dietary patterns of pregnant women studied is characterized by low energy and nutrients essential to the successful pregnancy. The presence of FI in the household has not led to greater commitment of this dietary pattern, except to meat consumption, which it was lower in the presence of FI.(AU)

Qualidade da dieta de pacientes com câncer de mama em quimioterapia na Unidade de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia (UNACON) vinculada a um hospital público da Serra Gaúcha / Diet quality of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy at Unity High Complexity in Oncology (UNACON) linked to a public hospital in Serra Gaúcha

Introdução: O câncer possui um dos maiores índices de mortalidade no mundo, sendo o câncer de mama o que mais atinge a população do sexo feminino. Método: Estudo transversal, com aferição de medidas antropométricas e utilização de questionário inquérito alimentar recordatório de 24 horas, de frequência alimentar, e análise da qualidade da dieta com o uso do instrumento Healthy Eating Index (HEI- 2010), em uma amostra de 59 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, em tratamento de quimioterapia na Unidade de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia (UNACON) vinculada a um hospital público da Serra Gaúcha. Análise dos dados com o uso do teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. Foram consideradas significativas as associações com p<0,05. Resultados: A maior parte das mulheres entrevistadas diagnosticadas com câncer de mama apresentou sobrepeso (45,8%). Quanto à qualidade da dieta, 55,9% apresentaram qualidade moderada e 44,1%, inadequada. As entrevistadas classificadas com dieta moderada apresentaram melhor situação nutricional, além da prática de atividade física e de não possuírem o hábito de fumar ou consumir bebidas alcoólicas. Observou-se associação entre o consumo de gordura saturada em dietas inadequadas (p=0,047), e o consumo adequado de frutas e verduras, fator positivo para prevenção de recidivas do câncer de mama. Conclusão: Encontramos um grande número de mulheres que não adotaram uma alimentação e estilo de vida mais saudável juntamente com a prática de atividade física, a fim de que esse risco fosse diminuído para prevenir a recidiva da doença.(AU)

Introduction: The cancer has one of the highest mortality rates in the world, and the breast cancer that affects more the female population. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with anthropometric measurements and use of dietary survey questionnaire and 24-hour food frequency, and it is analyzed the diet quality with the instrument Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2010) with a sample of 59 women diagnosed with breast cancer in chemotherapy treatment at the Unit of High Complexity in Oncology (UNACON) linked to a public hospital in Serra Gaúcha. The data analysis is done through Pearson's chi-square test. It was considered significant associations with p<0.05. Results: Most of the interviewed women diagnosed with breast cancer were overweight (45.8%). In terms of the diet quality, 55.9% of them had moderate diet quality and 44.1% of them had an inadequate diet. The interviewees, who had the moderate diet classification, had better nutritional status, due to practicing physical activity and not having the habit of smoking or drinking alcohol. It was observed an association between saturated fat consumption by inappropriate diets (p=0.047), and appropriate consumption of fruits and vegetables, positive for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Conclusion: We found a large number of women, who did not have a healthy life style, good feeding and physical activity so that this risk is decreased to prevent the disease recurrence.(AU)

Evaluation of a mobile application for estimation of food intake / Avaliação de um aplicativo móvel para a estimativa de ingestão alimentar

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the use of the Nutrabem (São Paulo, Brasil) mobile application as a tool for measurement of food intake among university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a random sample of 40 undergraduate students at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista. Food intake data were estimated using the Nutrabem app and the 24-hour dietary recall. Intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, calcium, iron, and vitamin C were calculated. The intake of food groups and diet quality were evaluated by the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide. The agreement between the methods was assessed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Student' t-test. Results: Strong correlations were observed between energy (0.77), carbohydrates (0.82) and protein (0.83). The groups: poultry, fish, and eggs; beef and pork; refined grains and breads; and fruits and legumes showed strong correlations (between 0.76 and 0.85). There were moderate correlations (0.59 and 0.71) between the groups sugars and sweets; whole grains, tubers and roots, milk and dairy products, animal fats, and the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide scores. Vegetables and leafy greens, nuts, and vegetable oils showed weak correlations (0.31 and 0.43). Homogeneity assessment revealed similarity between the results obtained by both methods (p>0.05) . Conclusion: The Nutrabem app can be used as a tool to assess dietary intake among university students since it produces results similar to those obtained by the 24-hour dietary recall method.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do aplicativo Nutrabem (São Paulo) como recurso para a medida da ingestão alimentar entre universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em uma amostra aleatória com 40 universitários adultos da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista. Os dados de ingestão alimentar foram estimados por meio do aplicativo Nutrabem e pelo Recordatório de 24 horas; foram calculados os valores de ingestão de energia, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, cálcio, ferro e vitamina C; avaliou-se ainda a ingestão segundo grupos alimentares e qualidade da dieta conforme o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta associado ao Guia Alimentar Digital. A concordância entre os métodos foi estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação linear Pearson e Teste-t. Resultados: Foram observadas correlações fortes para energia (0,77), carboidratos (0,82) e proteínas (0,83). Os grupos aves, pescados e ovos, carnes bovina e suína, cereais e pães refinados, frutas e leguminosas apresentaram correlações fortes (entre 0,76 e 0,85); açúcares e doces, cereais integrais, tubérculos e raízes, leite e derivados, gorduras de origem animal e a pontuação do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta associado ao Guia Alimentar Digital apresentam correlações moderadas (0,59 e 0,71); hortaliças, oleaginosas e os óleos vegetais apresentam correlações fracas (valores entre 0,31 e 0,43). A avaliação de homogeneidade dos dados mostrou haver semelhança entre os resultados obtidos por ambos os métodos (p>0,05) . Conclusão: O aplicativo Nutrabem pode ser mais uma ferramenta no estudo de ingestão alimentar de jovens universitários, uma vez que produz resultados semelhantes aos obtidos pelo Recordatório de 24 horas.

Dietary quality varies according to data collection instrument: a comparison between a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall / A qualidade da dieta varia de acordo com o instrumento de obtenção de dados: comparação entre questionário de frequência alimentar e recordatório de 24 horas / La calidad de la dieta varía de acuerdo a lo instrumento de obtención de datos: comparación de cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y recordatorio de 24 horas

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised (BHEI-R), estimated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple 24-hour recalls (24h-R). The Wilcoxon paired test, partial correlations (PC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman method were used. The total BHEI-R scores and its components (“total fruits”, “whole fruits”, “total vegetables”, “integral cereals”, “saturated fat”, “sodium”, and “energy intake derived from solid fat, added sugar, and alcoholic beverages”) were statistically different, with the ICC and PC indicating poor concordance and correlation. The mean concordance estimated for the total BHEI-R and its components varied from 68% for “integral cereals” to 147% for “whole fruits”. The suitable concordance limits were violated for most of the components of the BHEI-R. Poor concordance was observed between the BHEI-R estimated by the FFQ and by multiple 24h-R, which indicated a strong reliability of the BHEI-R on the instrument used to collect information on food consumption.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a concordância entre o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R), estimado por questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) e recordatório de 24 horas (R24h). O teste de Wilcoxon, correlações parciais (CP), coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) e o método Bland-Altman foram usados. Os escores totais do IQD-R e seus componentes (“frutas totais”, “frutas inteiras”, “vegetais totais”, “cerais integrais”, “gordura saturada”, “sódio” e “ingestão de energia derivada de gordura sólida, adicionados de açúcar e bebidas alcoólicas” foram estatisticamente diferentes, com o CCI e as CP indicando baixa concordância e correlação. A concordância média estimada para o IQD-R total e seus componentes variou de 68% para “cereais integrais” e 147% para as “frutas inteiras”. Os limites adequados de concordância foram ultrapassados para a maior parte dos componentes do IQD-R. Observou-se baixa concordância entre o IQD-R estimado pelo QFA e por múltiplos R24h, o que indica uma forte confiabilidade do IQD-R no instrumento usado para coletar informações sobre o consumo alimentar.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Revisado (ICD-R), estimado por cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (CFA) y recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h). Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon, correlaciones parciales (CP), coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y el método de Bland-Altman. Las puntuaciones totales del ICD-R y sus componentes (“total de frutas”, “frutas enteras”, “vegetales totales”, “granos integrales”, “grasa saturada”, “sodio” y “consumo de energía derivada de grasa sólida, agregado de azúcar y alcohol”) fueron estadísticamente diferentes, con el CCI y el CP indicando baja concordancia y correlación. La concordancia media estimada para el ICD-R total y sus componentes varió de 68% para los “granos integrales” y 147% para las “frutas enteras”. Los límites adecuados de concordancia fureon excedidos para la mayor parte de los componentes del ICD-R. Se observó baja concordancia entre el ICD-R estimado por el CFA y múltiples R24h, lo que indica una fuerte confiabilidad del ICD-R en el instrumento que se utiliza para recopilar información sobre el consumo de alimentos.

Estimates of self-reported dietary behavior related to oral health among adolescents according to the type of food

Objective: To compare estimates of food behavior related to oral health obtained through a self-report measure and 24 hour dietary recalls (R24h). Method: We applied three R24h and one self-report measure in 87 adolescents. The estimates for eleven food items were compared at individual and group levels. Results: No significant differences in mean values were found for ice cream, vegetables and biscuits without filling. For the remaining items, the values reported by the adolescents were higher than the values estimated by R24h. The percentage of adolescents who reported intake frequency of 1 or more times/ day was higher than the value obtained through R24h for all food items except soft drinks. The highest values of crude agreement between the instruments, individually, were found in the biscuits without filling (75.9%) and ice cream (72.4%). Conclusion: The results suggest that adolescents tend to report a degree of exposure to the food items larger than what they actually experience in their daily lives. .

Ecological momentary assessment of environmental and personal factors and snack food intake in African American women.

This study examined contributions of environmental and personal factors (specifically, food availability and expense, daily hassles, self-efficacy, positive and negative affect) to within-person and between-person variations in snack food intake in 100 African American women. Participants were signaled at random five times daily for seven days to complete a survey on a study-provided smartphone. Women reported consuming snack foods at 35.2% of signals. Easier food availability accounting for one's usual level was associated with higher snack food intake. Being near outlets that predominately sell snacks (e.g., convenience stores), while accounting for one's usual proximity to them, was associated with higher snack food intake. Accounting for one's usual daily hassle level, we found that on days with more frequent daily hassles snack food intake was higher. The positive association between within-person daily hassles frequency and snack food intake was stronger when foods were easily available. Public and private policies to curb ubiquitous food availability and mobile health interventions that take into account time-varying influences on food choices and provide real-time assistance in dealing with easy food availability and coping with stressors may be beneficial in improving African American women's day to day food choices.

Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Quantitativo para crianças de 7 a 10 anos: avaliação das propriedades psicométricas / Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire evaluation of psychometric properties

Um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Quantitativo (QUEFAC) foi construído por HINNIG et al. (2014) para avaliar a dieta habitual de crianças de 7 a 10 anos, uma vez que os desenvolvidos para adultos podem superestimar o consumo de crianças. No entanto, não foi testado quanto à sua validade e reprodutibilidade para que o instrumento possa ser utilizado em pesquisas. Objetivo: avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade do QUEFAC para a amostra como um todo e avaliar a validade estratificada por sexo, faixa etária e nível socioeconômico. Métodos: o estudo de reprodutibilidade foi realizado no município de Araraquara, em abril de 2013, com 89 crianças de 7 a 10 anos que responderam a dois QUEFACs com intervalo de 15 dias entre as aplicações. O estudo de validade foi realizado com 167 crianças de duas escolas do município de São Paulo de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Neste, as crianças responderam a três Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h) que serviram como método de referência e a um QUEFAC. Em ambos os estudos, os responsáveis pelas crianças responderam a um questionário socioeconômico e realizou-se a avaliação da habilidade da criança em responder ao QUEFAC. Para avaliação da reprodutibilidade e validade, utilizaram-se o teste de diferença de médias para amostras pareadas (teste t pareado e Wilcoxon), calcularamse os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse e Kappa ponderado, além da análise dos gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: mais de 55 por cento das crianças...

A Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QUEFAC) was developed by Hinnig et al. (2010 ) to assess the usual intake of children aged 7 to 10 years, because instruments developed for adults may overestimate food consumption of children. However, it was not tested for validity and reliability, so that the instrument can be used in research. Objective: to assess the reproducibility and validity of QUEFAC for the sample as a whole and to evaluate the validity stratified by sex, age group and socioeconomic status. Methods: The reproducibility study was conducted in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in April 2013, with 89 children aged 7 to 10 years who answered two QUEFAC/'s with an interval of 15 days between applications. The validity study was conducted with 167 children from two schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from August to December 2013. In this, children responded to three 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR ) which was the reference method and to a QUEFAC. In both studies, the caregivers of the children answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the child/'s ability to respond to QUEFAC was assessed. The mean difference for paired samples (Wilcoxon and paired t test), the intraclass correlation coefficient, the weighted kappa and the analysis of Bland- Altman were used to assess the reproducibility and the validity. Results: Fifty five percent of children had their ability to answer the questionnaire considered good, very good or excellent in...

Qualidade da dieta de escolares do município de São Paulo / Diet s quality of school children in São Paulo

O hábito alimentar dos escolares pode ser influenciado por características sociodemográficas e do ambiente, seja escolar, doméstico ou fora do lar e a valiar o consumo de alimentos do escolar em diferentes locais,pode fornecer informações sobre a qualidade dos alimentos ofertados em cada local. O Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD -R) é um instrumento apropriado, pois, analisa a qualidade dos alimentos consumidos, comparando - os com as recomendações brasileiras. OBJETIVO: descrever a qualidade da dieta de escolares utilizando o IQD - R. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com escolares de 7 a 10 anos de duas escolas municipais de São Paulo. Foram coletadas informações socioeconômicas, de estado nutricional e de consumo alimentar, por meio da aplicação de três recordatórios de 24h. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo método IQD-R. RESULTADOS:A média do IQD-R foi de 64,6 pontos e a maioria dos escolares apresentou dieta que necessita de modificação. Os componentes que apresentaram menores escores foram cereais integrais e sódio, e os maiores escores foram observados nos óleos, carnes, ovos e leguminosas, e cereais totais. As meninas apresentaram maior consumo de frutas e menor consumo de carnes, ovos e leguminosas, e sódio. O menor consumo de sódio esteve associado ao maior nível de escolaridade da pessoa de referência da família e maior número de refeições diárias. Escolares que consomem café da manhã possuem maior consumo de vegetais...

The feeding habits of school children can be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics and environment, whether school, home or outside the home. To assess food intake school among children in different settings can provide information about the quality of food offered at each lo cation. The Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI - 2005) is an appropriate tool, for assessing the quality of food consumed, comparing them with Brazilian recommendations. OBJECTIVE: to describe the diet quality of school children by means of the HEI - 2005. METHODS : this was a cross - sectional study of school children 7 - 10 years of two public schools in São Paulo. Information on socioeconomic and nutritional status was collected, as well as, food consumption by the application of three 24 - hour records. The diet quali ty was assessed by HEI - 2005 method. RESULTS: the mean HEI - 2005 score was 64.6 points and most children presented a diet needing improvement. The components that had lower scores were whole grains and sodium, and higher scores were observed for oils, meats, eggs and beans, and total cereals. Girls had higher consumption of fruits and lower consumption of meat, eggs and beans, and sodium. The lowest sodium intake associated with parents higher level of education and increased number of daily meals. School ch ildren who consumed breakfast had higher consumption of vegetables and milk. The increased consumption of meals at home was associated with lower intake...

Reprodutibilidade e validade relativa do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar do ELSA-Brasil / Reproducibility and relative validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire used in the ELSA-Brasil / Reproducibilidad y validez relativa del Cuestionario de Frecuencia Alimentaria del ELSA-Brasil

Avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade e a validade do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) utilizado no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Foram aplicados três registros alimentares e um QFA em dois momentos no período de um ano (n = 281). Valores de energia e nutrientes dos registros alimentares foram deatenuados e Log transformados. Para avaliação da reprodutibilidade e validade foi aplicado o teste de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e calculados percentuais de concordância do consumo de nutrientes após categorização por tercis. Na avaliação da reprodutibilidade, coeficientes de CCI variaram de 0,55-0,83 para proteína e vitamina E, respectivamente; na avaliação da validade, variaram de 0,20-0,72 para selênio e cálcio, respectivamente. Concordâncias exata e adjacente entre métodos variaram de 82,9% para vitamina E a 89% para lipídio e cálcio (média = 86%). Foi encontrada uma discordância média de 13,6%. Conclui-se que o QFA ELSA-Brasil apresenta confiabilidade satisfatória para todos nutrientes e validade relativa razoável para energia, macronutrientes, cálcio, potássio e vitaminas E e C.

This study evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Participants (n = 281) completed the FFQ and three food records on two occasions during a 12-month period. Energy and nutrient values from food records were disattenuated and log-transformed. Reproducibility and validity were assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement between the two methods was evaluated by classification in tertiles. In the evaluation of reproducibility, ICC estimated ranged from 0.55 to 0.83 for protein and vitamin E, respectively. On relative validity, ICC ranged from 0.20 to 0.72 for selenium and calcium, respectively. Exact and adjacent agreement between methods varied from 82.9% for vitamin E to 89% for lipids and calcium (mean 86%). Average disagreement was 13.6%. In conclusion, this FFQ showed satisfactory reliability for all nutrients and reasonable validity, especially for energy, macronutrients, calcium, potassium, and vitamins E and C.

Se evaluó la reproducibilidad y la validez del Cuestionario de Frecuencia Alimentaria (QFA), utilizado en el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud de Adultos (ELSA-Brasil). Se aplicaron tres registros alimentarios y un QFA en dos momentos durante el período de un año (n = 281). Valores de energía y nutrientes de los registros alimentarios se realizaron sin atenuación y log transformados. Para la evaluación de la reproducibilidad y validez se aplicó el test de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) y se calcularon los porcentajes de concordancia del consumo de nutrientes tras la categorización por terciles. En la evaluación de la reproducibilidad, coeficientes de CCI variaron de 0,55-0,83 en el caso la proteína y vitamina E, respectivamente; en la evaluación de la validez, variaron de 0,20-0,72 en el selenio y calcio, respectivamente. Concordancias exactas y adyacentes entre métodos variaron de un 82,9% en el caso de la vitamina E a un 89% en el lípido y calcio (media = 86%). Se encontró una discordancia media de un 13,6%. Se concluye que el QFA ELSA-Brasil presenta una confiabilidad satisfactoria para todos los nutrientes y validez relativa razonable en los casos la energía, macronutrientes, calcio, potasio y vitaminas E y C.

Evaluation of three short dietary instruments to assess fruit and vegetable intake: the National Cancer Institute's food attitudes and behaviors survey.

BACKGROUND: Fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake assessment tools that are valid, reliable, brief, and easy to administer and code are vital to the field of public health nutrition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three short F/V intake screeners (ie, a 2-item serving tool, a 2-item cup tool, and a 16-item F/V intake screener) among adults using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24-hour recalls) as the reference instrument and evaluate test-retest reliability of the screeners across a 2- to 3-week time period. DESIGN: Validity and reliability study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Two hundred forty-four adults for the validity study and 335 adults for test-retest reliability. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Median values for F/V intakes were calculated for the screeners and 24-hour recalls. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare screeners with the 24-hour recalls. Deattenuated Pearson correlations were reported for validity and intraclass correlation coefficient used for reliability. RESULTS: The estimated median daily servings/cups of F/V for the 2-item serving screener was lower, for the 2-item cup screener was equivalent for men but higher for women, and for the 16-item F/V intake screener were about the same when compared with 24-hour recall values. The deattenuated correlations comparing the 24-hour recalls with the screeners were positive but weak for the 2-item serving screener, and were positive and moderate in strength for the 2-item cup and 16-item F/V intake screeners. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients were all positive and fairly strong for all of the screeners. CONCLUSIONS: Although dietary screeners offer a more cost-effective, less burdensome way to obtain gross estimates to rank individuals with regard to F/V intake, these methods are not recommended for assessing precise intake levels.

The relative validity and reproducibility of an iron food frequency questionnaire for identifying iron-related dietary patterns in young women.

BACKGROUND: Using food frequency data to identify dietary patterns is a newly emerging approach to assessing the relationship between dietary intake and iron status. Food frequency questionnaires should be assessed for validity and reproducibility before use. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relative validity and reproducibility of an iron food frequency questionnaire (FeFFQ) specifically designed to identify iron-related dietary patterns. DESIGN: Participants completed the FeFFQ at baseline (FeFFQ1) and 1 month later (FeFFQ2) to assess reproducibility. A 4-day weighed diet record (4DDR) was completed between these assessments to determine validity. Foods appearing in the 4DDR were classified into the same 144 food groupings as the FeFFQ. Factor analysis was used to determine dietary patterns from FeFFQ1, FeFFQ2, and the 4DDR. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A convenience sample of women (n=115) aged 18 to 44 years living in Auckland, New Zealand, during 2009. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Agreement between diet pattern scores was compared using correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman analysis, cross-classification, and the weighted κ statistic. RESULTS: A "healthy" and a "sandwich and drinks" dietary pattern were identified from all three dietary assessments. Correlation coefficients between FeFFQ1 and the 4DDR diet pattern scores (validity) were 0.34 for the healthy, and 0.62 for the sandwich and drinks pattern (both Ps<0.001). Correlation coefficients between the two FeFFQs (reproducibility) were 0.76 for both the healthy and sandwich and drinks pattern (P<0.001). The FeFFQ1 correctly classified >50% of participants into the correct tertile and <10% into the opposite tertile for both the healthy and sandwich and drinks diet pattern scores when compared with the 4DDR and FeFFQ2. CONCLUSIONS: The FeFFQ appears to be a reproducible and relatively valid method for identifying dietary patterns, and could be used to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and iron status.