RESUMO
The phylogenetic positions of the always-sterile microfilamentous lichens Cystocoleus ebeneus and Racodium rupestre were studied in a phylogenetic framework using sequence data of 5' nuSSU, nuLSU, and mtSSU rDNA. The analysis reveals that both genera are ascomycetes and belong to Dothideomycetidae: they are not close to lichenized members within the subclass, but rather belong to Capnodiales. The macroscopically scarcely distinguishable C. ebeneus and R. rupestre do not form a monophyletic group. The well-supported clade of R. rupestre is basal to the one in which C. ebeneus is close to Mycosphaerellaceae. This study provides another example of ascomycetes with very different life-styles and ecologies being closely related.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Líquens/classificação , Líquens/isolamento & purificação , Micoses/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Áustria , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Ribossômico , Humanos , Itália , Líquens/genética , Líquens/fisiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Plantas , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Reino UnidoRESUMO
An alpha-glucan from the lichen Ramalina celastri has previously been demonstrated to have cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells. This polysaccharide was studied using Sarcoma-180 cells as tumoral model, and its effects on peritoneal exudate cells, namely, hydrogen peroxide production, phagocytic activity and cell eliciting activity are evaluated. Tumors developing in animals treated with the glucan at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1), had a tumor size approximately 80% smaller than that of the control group, showing an impairment of tumor establishment. The polysaccharide was injected into mice not bearing a tumor and after 7, 15 and 30 days the cells were collected from the peritonea. The number of peritoneal cells increased approximately 130% 7 days after inoculation, and then gradually decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production was 75% greater 7 and 15 days after inoculation, on in vitro phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) triggering. Without PMA, the difference in hydrogen peroxide production was not significant. Phagocytic assays using fluorescent beads showed that the uptake increased 7 and 15 days after inoculation, when compared with the control. These results thus suggest a possible role of the R. celastri glucan as a biological response modifier (BRM).
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Glucanos/farmacologia , Líquens , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Feminino , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/isolamento & purificação , Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Líquens/química , Líquens/isolamento & purificação , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcoma 180/metabolismo , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Se reportan las propiedades biomédicas correspondientes a los líquenes de Los Andes venezolanos. Esta información es en su mayor parte nueva para la ciencia etnofarmacológica. de un total de 15 especies citadas, el 67.0// (10 sps.) se reportan sin antecedentes de uso en la literatura. El 86.6// (13 sps.) llevan usos biomédicos limitados sólo al área andina venezolana. El 26.6// (4 sps.) posee usos biomédicos de origen foráneo, mientras el 13.3// (2 sps.) lleva usos de origen mixto (autóctonos y alóctonos). Empleando criterios biomédicos modernos de eficiencia farmacológica, tenemos que el 86.6// (13 sps.) de los líquenes citados, son encontrados potencialmente eficaces. El 53.3// de las especies posee usos biomédicos que están correlacionados con los efectos atribuidos a sus principios activos. El resto revela, a partir del conocimiento de sus principios activos, importantes y variadas propiedades biomédicas, totalmente desconocidas dentro de las farmacopeas populares