Assuntos
Calcinose/induzido quimicamente , Opacidade da Córnea/induzido quimicamente , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Calcinose/diagnóstico , Opacidade da Córnea/diagnóstico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Microscopia com Lâmpada de Fenda , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Baixa Visão/induzido quimicamente , Baixa Visão/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Allergic contact dermatitis is an important cause of periorbital dermatitis. Topical ophthalmic agents are relevant sensitizers. Contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medications can be challenging to diagnose and manage given the numerous possible offending agents, including both active and inactive ingredients. Furthermore, a substantial body of literature reports false-negative patch test results to ophthalmic agents. Subsequently, numerous alternative testing methods have been described. This review outlines the periorbital manifestations, causative agents, and alternative testing methods of allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medications.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/etiologia , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/efeitos adversos , Soluções Oftálmicas/efeitos adversos , Administração Oftálmica , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/efeitos adversos , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Agonistas Muscarínicos/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/efeitos adversos , Prostaglandinas Sintéticas/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Túnica Conjuntiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/induzido quimicamente , Granuloma/induzido quimicamente , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/efeitos adversos , Resinas Acrílicas/efeitos adversos , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Boratos/efeitos adversos , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/diagnóstico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Derivados da Hipromelose/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Ácidos Fosforosos/efeitos adversos , Sorbitol/efeitos adversos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , VitrectomiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the blood-aqueous (BAB) and blood-retinal barriers (BRB) of pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, investigator-masked, comparative study. Patients were randomly assigned to preservative-free artificial tears or BAK-preserved artificial tears. One drop of artificial tears was instilled 4 times a day in the study eye, starting the day after randomization for 30 days. Anterior chamber flare was assessed by a laser flare meter (LFM) and macular thickness measurements were obtained with optical coherence tomography, before, 15, and 30 days after randomization. RESULTS: A total of 44 healthy eyes of 44 pseudophakic volunteers were recruited. There were no significant differences regarding demographics (age, gender, and race distributions) and clinical characteristics (eye, mean intraocular pressure, and mean best-corrected visual acuity) between the 2 groups (P>0.05). No significant differences in baseline mean LFM values were observed (P=0.262). However, we detected a statistically significant increase in mean LFM measurements in the BAK-preserved group (11.4 ± 5.1 ph/ms) (P=0.017) after 15 days. After 30 days, the BAK-preserved group maintained significantly higher flare values (11.9 ± 5.9 ph/ms) compared with baseline (P=0.043). On the other hand, the preservative-free group showed mean flare values of 8.4 ± 2.5 ph/ms, not significantly different from those obtained at baseline (P=1.00). We observed no statistically significant change in macular thickness measurements at days 15 and 30 in either group (P>0.05). Cystoid macular edema was not detected in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a short-term exposure to BAK can cause disruption of the BAB, without altering the BRB in pseudophakic eyes.