Evaluación de las conductas de lactancia materna y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres turcas y las madres refugiadas sirias / Evaluation of breastfeeding behaviors and complementary feeding practices of Turkish and Syrian refugee mothers

Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la lactancia y los factores relacionados (edad, nivel educativo, edad al momento del primer embarazo, etc.) y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres refugiadas sirias y las madres turcas. Materiales y métodos: este estudio descriptivo y comparativo analizó las características nutricionales de los bebés de 9 a 60 meses de edad cuyas madres fueran turcas o refugiadas sirias que asistieron al Hospital Público de Kiziltepe entre enero y julio de 2022. Resultados: se incluyó a 204 madres (126 turcas y 78 sirias). La edad promedio de las madres turcas era 27,60 ± 5,17 años y la de las refugiadas sirias, 28,91 ± 5,62 años, sin una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,091). La lactancia materna posparto fue del 91,3 % y la duración de la lactancia fue de 12 meses (0-24) en las ciudadanas turcas, mientras que, en las refugiadas sirias, fue del 84,6 % y 9 meses (0-24), respectivamente (consumo de leche materna, p: 0,144; tiempo de consumo, p: 0,161; sin diferencias estadísticas). El 23,8 % de las ciudadanas turcas y el 5,1 % de las refugiadas sirias recibieron capacitación sobre la lactancia, con una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,001). Conclusión: en los grupos de refugiadas, las prácticas de nutrición infantil y materna se ven alteradas. En colaboración con las organizaciones locales e internacionales y los organismos estatales que ayudan a los grupos de refugiados se podrían mejorar las prácticas de nutrición maternoinfantil y reducir las brechas.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare breastfeeding and related factors (age, level of education, age at first pregnancy, etc.), and complementary feeding practices between Syrian refugee and native Turkish mothers. Material and methods: This descriptive-comparative study examined the nutritional characteristics of infants aged 9 to 60 months whose mothers were Turkish or Syrian refugees who attended Kiziltepe State Hospital between January 2022 and July 2022. Results: 204 mothers (126 Turkish and 78 Syrian) who had a child aged 9-60 months were included. The average age of the mothers was 27.60 ± 5.17 years for Turkish citizens and 28.91 ± 5.62 for Syrian refugees, without significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.091). Postpartum breastfeeding was 91.3% and breastfeeding duration was 12 (0-24) months in Turkish citizens; in Syrian refugees, breastfeeding was 84.6% and average breastfeeding time was 9 (0- 24) months (respectively, breast milk intake p: 0.144, uptake time p: 0.161; no statistical difference). Breastfeeding training was received by 23.8% of Turkish citizens and 5.1% of Syrian refugees; there was a significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.001). Conclusion: In refugee groups, infant and maternal nutrition practices are disrupted. Working in conjunction with local and international organizations and state agencies that give help to refugee groups, the appropriate interventions, initiatives, supports, and awareness-raising activities would strive to improve practices in mother and baby nutrition and narrow gaps.

8-Year Follow-up of a Maternal Education Trial in a Low-Resource Setting.

OBJECTIVES: Nutrition and stimulation interventions promote early childhood development, but little is known about their long-term benefits in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a follow-up study of a cluster-randomized maternal education trial performed in children aged 6 to 8 months to assess the sustainability of developmental benefits after 8 years. METHODS: The education intervention lasted 6 months and consisted of nutrition, hygiene, sanitation, and child stimulation aspects. We assessed child processing and cognitive abilities using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (KABC-II) and attention and inhibitory control using the Test of Variables of Attention after 8 years. The original trial included 511 mother-child pairs (intervention, n = 263; control, n = 248), whereas in the current study, 361 (71%; intervention, n = 185; control, n = 176) pairs were available for analyses. RESULTS: The intervention group scored higher than the controls (all P < .001) on all 5 KABC-II subscales and on the KABC-II global score (mean difference: 14; 95% confidence interval, 12-16; P < .001). For all 5 Test of Variables of Attention variables, the intervention group scored higher than the controls on both the visual and auditory tasks (all P < .05). Because the intervention was delivered as a package, a limitation is that we cannot pinpoint the individual contribution of each component (nutrition, hygiene, and stimulation) to the developmental benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention group consistently scored markedly higher on both neuropsychological tests. Thus, even 8 years after the original maternal education intervention, the developmental benefits that we observed at child age of 1, 2, and 3 years, were sustained.

Care groups in an integrated nutrition education intervention improved infant growth among South Sudanese refugees in Uganda's West Nile post-emergency settlements: A cluster randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of a peer-led integrated nutrition education intervention with maternal social support using Care Groups on infant growth among South Sudanese refugees in Uganda. METHODS: A community-based cluster-randomized trial (RCT) was conducted among 390 pregnant women (third trimester). Two intervention study arms were Mothers-only(n = 131) and Parents-combined (n = 142) with a Control (n = 117). WHO infant growth standards defined length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) for stunting, weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) for underweight and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) for wasting. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) social support index was a proxy measure for social support. A split-plot ANOVA tested the interaction effects of social support, intervention, and time on infant growth after adjusting for covariates. Further, pairwise comparisons explained mean differences in infant growth among the study arms. RESULTS: The mean infant birth weight was 3.1 ± 0.5 kg. Over the study period, infant stunting was most prevalent in the Control (≥ 14%) compared to Mothers-only (< 9.5%) and Parents-combined (< 7.4%) arms. There were significant interaction effects of the Care Group intervention and social support by time on infant mean LAZ (F (6, 560) = 28.91, p < 0.001), WAZ (F (5.8, 539.4) = 12.70, p = < 0.001) and WLZ (F (5.3, 492.5) = 3.38, p = 0.004). Simple main effects by the end of the study showed that the intervention improved infant mean LAZ (Mothers-only vs. Control (mean difference, MD) = 2.05, p < 0.001; Parents-combined vs. Control, MD = 2.00, p < 0.001) and WAZ (Mothers-only vs. Control, MD = 1.27, p < 0.001; Parents-combined vs. Control, MD = 1.28, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Maternal social support with an integrated nutrition education intervention significantly improved infant stunting and underweight. Nutrition-sensitive approaches focused on reducing child undernutrition among post-emergency refugees may benefit from using Care Groups in programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05584969.

Impact of educational intervention on mothers of infants with iron-deficiency anemia.

This intervention study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). It also measured the impact of a health education program on their level of knowledge and their infants' IDA rates in rural areas of Nablus Governorate. Using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design, the efficacy of 3 months' education program was examined against control group. Assessments were made at baseline and after 3 months of conducting the intervention. A structured interviewing questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about IDA, and blood samples were collected from infants in both groups. Only 1.9% of mothers in the intervention group and 3.5% of mothers in the control group had good level of knowledge at baseline. After the educational intervention, a significant statistical difference was observed in the mean total knowledge score between the intervention and control groups (33.68 + 5.366 versus 26.12 + 5.243), and the intervention group was seven times more likely to have good knowledge (relative risk = 7.332). Regarding IDA rate, there was a decrease in the infants with IDA in the intervention group (relative risk = 0.671) compared to infants in the control group. The planned health education program was effective in improving mothers' knowledge and reducing the risk of IDA among their infants.

The effects of video-assisted breastfeeding education given to primiparous pregnant women on breastfeeding self-efficacy: randomized control study.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is vitally important for the health of the mother, baby, family and society. Especially the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous pregnant women is an important factor in breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the effects of online video-supported breastfeeding education on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women. METHODS: This randomized controlled study was conducted with primiparous pregnant women admitted to a university hospital in northern Turkey. The study involved 80 pregnant women, with 40 assigned to the experimental group and 40 to the control group. Participants in the intervention group received online video-assisted education, which covered the first meeting of the mother and baby as well as the initial breastfeeding session. The data for the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale were gathered at the onset of the study and three weeks later. In data analysis, categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test, continuous variables and intergroup comparisons were conducted through the independent sample t-test, and intragroup comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test. RESULTS: While the baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of the primiparous pregnant women were similar between the groups, statistically significant differences were observed both within (p = 0.000) and between (p = 0.000) groups in the breastfeeding self-efficacy scores of pregnant women in the intervention group after the education intervention. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding self-efficacy levels in the education group showed a statistically significant increase compared to both the pre-education and control groups. This highlights the importance of nurses providing support to primiparous pregnant women through video-assisted education during pregnancy to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06121973 date of first registration (27/10/2023), retrospectively registered (08/11/2023).

The effect of online breastfeeding education on breastfeeding motivation: A randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of online breastfeeding education on breastfeeding motivation. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study had a single blind randomized, controlled, experimental design. The women in the online education group were primipara and in their postpartum 4-8 weeks and fulfilled inclusion criteria for the study. The study population comprised of the women presenting to the pregnancy outpatient clinic or giving birth in the gynecological and obstetrics clinic of a university hospital hospital in the West of Turkey and hearing about the Online Breastfeeding Education through social media. The sample size was calculated through a similar study. Data were collected between February 2022-November 2022. Simple random sampling was used and the study sample comprised of 50 women, of whom 25 were in the online breastfeeding education group and 25 were in the control group. Online breastfeeding education was given in groups of three or two, depending on availability, via the video communication platform (Zoom Video Communications). The control group received routine care. Data analysis was made with descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: Integrative motivation (U = 284, p < .05) and intrinsic motivation-identified regulation (U = 196, p < .05) significantly increased compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Online breastfeeding education offered in the postpartum period can help to increase breastfeeding rates. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is recommended that nurses monitor breastfeeding status in the postpartum period and motivate mothers with online breastfeeding training in cases where access is not available. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered 12 February 2022 on www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov (NCT05262231).

Experiencias del equipo de salud en la aplicación del contacto piel con piel / Experiences of the Health Team in the Application of Skin-To- Skin Contact

Introducción: La Organización Panamericana de la Salud refiere que a nivel mundial pocos son los países que aplican el contacto piel con piel cuando lo realizan es por un tiempo inadecuado a pesar de los múltiples beneficios para la madre y el recién nacido. Objetivo: Describir la aplicación del contacto piel con piel desde la experiencia del equipo de salud en un centro materno infantil del sector público en Perú. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño descriptivo, de tipo estudio de caso, en una muestra no probabilística de 10 integrantes del equipo de salud, elegidos por conveniencia y determinado por saturación y redundancia. Los datos se recolectaron a través de la entrevista semiestructurada en línea. La información se procesó de manera manual, mediante el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías: a) aplicación del contacto piel con piel en la atención inmediata del recién nacido, b) estrategias implementadas para la aplicación del contacto piel con piel y c) barreras afrontadas por el equipo de salud para aplicar el contacto piel con piel. Conclusiones: Desde la experiencia del personal de salud, es posible aplicar el contacto pial a piel previa capacitación y sensibilización al equipo de salud, y acondicionamiento del ambiente, a fin de implementarlo como política del establecimiento de salud(AU)

Introduction: The Pan American Health Organization reports that few countries worldwide apply skin-to-skin contact and when they use it is during an inadequate amount of time despite the multiple benefits for the mother and the newborn. Objective: To describe the application of skin-to-skin contact from the experience of the health team in a public maternal and child center in Peru. Methods: A qualitative research with a descriptive design, case study, was carried out in a non-probabilistic sample of 10 members of the health team, chosen by convenience and determined by saturation and redundancy. Data were collected through semi-structured online interviews. The information was processed manually, through thematic content analysis. Results: Three categories were obtained: a) application of skin-to-skin contact in the immediate care of the newborn, b) strategies implemented for the application of skin-to-skin contact, and c) barriers faced by the health team to apply skin-to-skin contact. Conclusions: From the experience of health personnel, it is possible to apply skin-to-skin contact after training and sensitization to the health team and conditioning of the environment, in order to implement it as a policy of the health facility(AU)

Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Self-Efficacy Theory on the Caring Behaviour of Mothers Who Have Children With Cancer.

Self-efficacy, as one of the concepts of the empowerment model, plays a role in increasing caring behaviour. Accordingly, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on the caring behaviour of mothers who have children with cancer. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on all mothers (N = 86) of children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy who were referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. All mothers participated in 10 training sessions based on the four foundations of self-efficacy theory. The results indicated a significant increase in the mean score of mothers' self-efficacy at first and second follow-ups respectively by 10.2 and 10.9 after intervention (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean score of caring behaviour was increased after the intervention for the first and second follow ups by 24.6 and 25.9 from the baseline respectively (P < 0.001). The results of the present study indicated that an educational program for mothers increased their caring behaviour and self-efficacy with the increase of self-efficacy, mothers' caring behaviour was promoted. Authorities and practitioners are suggested to pay more attention to designing educational programs based on health models and theories.

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder and/or with childhood experience of maltreatment.

BACKGROUND: Acceptable, effective and feasible support strategies (interventions) for parents experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms or with a history of childhood maltreatment may offer an opportunity to support parental recovery, reduce the risk of intergenerational transmission of trauma and improve life-course trajectories for children and future generations. However, evidence relating to the effect of interventions has not been synthesised to provide a comprehensive review of available support strategies. This evidence synthesis is critical to inform further research, practice and policy approaches in this emerging area. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of interventions provided to support parents who were experiencing CPTSD symptoms or who had experienced childhood maltreatment (or both), on parenting capacity and parental psychological or socio-emotional wellbeing. SEARCH METHODS: In October 2021 we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, six other databases and two trials registers, together with checking references and contacting experts to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All variants of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any intervention delivered in the perinatal period designed to support parents experiencing CPTSD symptoms or with a history of childhood maltreatment (or both), to any active or inactive control. Primary outcomes were parental psychological or socio-emotional wellbeing and parenting capacity between pregnancy and up to two years postpartum. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of trials for inclusion, extracted data using a pre-designed data extraction form, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence. We contacted study authors for additional information as required. We analysed continuous data using mean difference (MD) for outcomes using a single measure, and standardised mean difference (SMD) for outcomes using multiple measures, and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data. All data are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We undertook meta-analyses using random-effects models. MAIN RESULTS: We included evidence from 1925 participants in 15 RCTs that investigated the effect of 17 interventions. All included studies were published after 2005. Interventions included seven parenting interventions, eight psychological interventions and two service system approaches. The studies were funded by major research councils, government departments and philanthropic/charitable organisations. All evidence was of low or very low certainty. Parenting interventions Evidence was very uncertain from a study (33 participants) assessing the effects of a parenting intervention compared to attention control on trauma-related symptoms, and psychological wellbeing symptoms (postpartum depression), in mothers who had experienced childhood maltreatment and were experiencing current parenting risk factors. Evidence suggested that parenting interventions may improve parent-child relationships slightly compared to usual service provision (SMD 0.45, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.96; I2 = 60%; 2 studies, 153 participants; low-certainty evidence). There may be little or no difference between parenting interventions and usual perinatal service in parenting skills including nurturance, supportive presence and reciprocity (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.58; I2 = 0%; 4 studies, 149 participants; low-certainty evidence). No studies assessed the effects of parenting interventions on parents' substance use, relationship quality or self-harm. Psychological interventions Psychological interventions may result in little or no difference in trauma-related symptoms compared to usual care (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.31; I2 = 39%; 4 studies, 247 participants; low-certainty evidence). Psychological interventions may make little or no difference compared to usual care to depression symptom severity (8 studies, 507 participants, low-certainty evidence, SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.03; I2 = 63%). An interpersonally focused cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy may slightly increase the number of pregnant women who quit smoking compared to usual smoking cessation therapy and prenatal care (189 participants, low-certainty evidence). A psychological intervention may slightly improve parents' relationship quality compared to usual care (1 study, 67 participants, low-certainty evidence). Benefits for parent-child relationships were very uncertain (26 participants, very low-certainty evidence), while there may be a slight improvement in parenting skills compared to usual care (66 participants, low-certainty evidence). No studies assessed the effects of psychological interventions on parents' self-harm. Service system approaches One service system approach assessed the effect of a financial empowerment education programme, with and without trauma-informed peer support, compared to usual care for parents with low incomes. The interventions increased depression slightly (52 participants, low-certainty evidence). No studies assessed the effects of service system interventions on parents' trauma-related symptoms, substance use, relationship quality, self-harm, parent-child relationships or parenting skills. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is currently a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to improve parenting capacity or parental psychological or socio-emotional wellbeing in parents experiencing CPTSD symptoms or who have experienced childhood maltreatment (or both). This lack of methodological rigour and high risk of bias made it difficult to interpret the findings of this review. Overall, results suggest that parenting interventions may slightly improve parent-child relationships but have a small, unimportant effect on parenting skills. Psychological interventions may help some women stop smoking in pregnancy, and may have small benefits on parents' relationships and parenting skills. A financial empowerment programme may slightly worsen depression symptoms. While potential beneficial effects were small, the importance of a positive effect in a small number of parents must be considered when making treatment and care decisions. There is a need for further high-quality research into effective strategies for this population.

Improvement in maternal knowledge, attitudes, and children's weight with education on World Health Organization feeding recommendations.

Malnutrition is among the most common nutritional problems in children worldwide. Specifically, stunting as a malnutrition problem is a global priority, including in Indonesia. This study analyses the effect of nutrition education interventions on maternal feeding knowledge, maternal feeding attitudes and children's weight. A quasi-experimental design using a pre-and post-test was selected and with a total sample of 70 people were assigned to an experimental and control group. This study was conducted in Jember Regency on July 2022, and the instrument used in this research were knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaires from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). A Bivariate analysis showed that the nutritional education intervention had a significant relationship with increased maternal feeding knowledge and attitude and children's weight in the control group and intervention group (p-value <0.05). However, a higher score was on the intervention group score compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the average weight of the children in the intervention group increased by about 331.42 grams, which higher compare to the control group's average weight gain. This study concluded that health education about eating, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, through an action-oriented group approach can significantly increase maternal feeding knowledge, attitudes, and children's weight.

How is parental education associated with infant and young child feeding in Bangladesh? a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Education is expected to bring about positive behavioral changes which could lead to improved health behaviors. Parental education is a primary determinant of child health and development. However, some evidence showed inverse associations between high parental education and recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in Bangladesh. How the association of parental education differs with specific IYCF components has not been reviewed. Therefore, the role of parental education on optimal IYCF practices in Bangladesh appears to be inconclusive. The objective of this review is to summarize how parental education is associated with IYCF practices in Bangladesh. METHOD: This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Record searching, study selection, and data extraction was performed using Endnote online and Covidence tool, respectively. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS: Out of 414 initial hits, 34 studies were included for this review. Of the included studies, 32 were cross-sectional, one was a randomized controlled trial, and one was a retrospective cohort. Most of the studies (n = 24) were nationally representative whereas 10 studies had populations from district and sub-district level. Included studies considered different IYCF-related indicators, including breastfeeding (n = 22), complementary feeding (n = 8), both breastfeeding and complementary feeding (n = 2), both breastfeeding and bottle feeding (n = 1), and pre-lacteal feeding (n = 1). Parental education was found to be positively associated with complementary feeding practices. However, the role of parental education on breastfeeding, in general, was ambiguous. High parental education was associated with bottle-feeding practices and no initiation of colostrum. CONCLUSION: Public health interventions need to focus not only on non- and/or low-educated parents regarding complementary feeding but also on educated mothers for initiation of colostrum and proper breastfeeding practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review is registered to PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ) with registration ID: CRD42022355465.

Ter um fiho durante a pós-graduação em enfermagem: perspectivas e desafios / Having a child during graduate nursing: perspectives and challenges / Tener un hijo durante la carrera de enfermería: perspectivas y retos

Objetivo: compreender como enfermeiras percebem a vivência de uma gravidez e os primeiros meses após o nascimento de um filho durante o mestrado/doutorado. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, desenvolvido com nove pós-graduandas em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2022, a partir de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas que foram audiogravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas: 1) Enfrentando desafios: conciliar tarefas é uma necessidade; 2) Rede de apoio como facilitadora na conciliação da maternidade com os estudos e; 3) Aumento do tempo de licença-maternidade, flexibilização e apoio interno para inclusão de mulheres mães na ciência. Conclusão: as vivências da maternidade vivenciadas por mulheres na pós-graduação foram pautadas na sobrecarga das mães pesquisadoras, repercutindo em atrasos no cumprimento de prazos, dificuldade em manter a amamentação e preocupação com a saúde dos filhos, refletindo em escolhas e renúncias da maternidade nesta etapa da vida.

Objective: to understand how nurses perceive the experience of pregnancy and the first months after the birth of a child during their master's/doctoral studies. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, developed with nine graduate students in nursing at a public university in the state of Paraná. Data collection was carried out in August and September 2022, based on semi-structured individual interviews that were audio-recorded, transcribed and submitted to content analysis, the thematic modality proposed by Bardin. Results: three thematic categories emerged: 1) Facing challenges: reconciling tasks is a necessity; 2) Support network as a facilitator in reconciling motherhood with studies and; 3) Increased maternity leave, flexibility and internal support for the inclusion of women mothers in science. Conclusion: the experiences of motherhood experienced by women in graduate school were based on the overload of research mothers, resulting in delays in meeting deadlines, difficulty in maintaining breastfeeding and concern for the health of their children, reflecting on choices and waivers of motherhood in this life stage.

Objetivo: comprender cómo las enfermeras perciben la experiencia del embarazo y los primeros meses después del nacimiento de un hijo durante sus estudios de maestría/doctorado. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, desarrollado con nueve estudiantes de postgrado en enfermería de una universidad pública del estado de Paraná. La recolección de datos se realizó en agosto y septiembre de 2022, a partir de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas que fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y sometidas a análisis de contenido, modalidad temática propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: emergieron tres categorías temáticas: 1) Enfrentar desafíos: conciliar tareas es una necesidad; 2) Red de apoyo como facilitadora en la conciliación de la maternidad con los estudios y; 3) Aumento de la licencia de maternidad, flexibilidad y apoyo interno para la inclusión de mujeres madres en la ciencia. Conclusión: las experiencias de maternidad vividas por las mujeres en el posgrado se basaron en la sobrecarga de las madres investigadoras, resultando en retrasos en el cumplimiento de los plazos, dificultad para mantener la lactancia materna y preocupación por la salud de sus hijos, reflexionando sobre las opciones y renuncias de la maternidad en esta etapa de la vida.

Mothers' Awareness of the Correlation between Their Own and Their Children's Oral Health.

Pregnancy is a critical time for a woman since it involves a series of changes in the body due to hormonal fluctuations and changes that can also influence the oral cavity and can lead to certain pathologies, such as carious lesions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated over the years that having poor dental health during pregnancy might have a significant impact on the child's oral health. The aim of the study is to analyze the level of knowledge and information of mothers on the importance of oral health care before, during, and after pregnancy as a preventive factor for the future oral health of the child. A questionnaire of 13 multiple choice questions was formulated and delivered from 24 February 2022 to 13 July 2022, aimed at women with at least one child. The Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Borgo Cavalli Clinic in Treviso and the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Santa Maria di Ca' Foncello Hospital in Treviso were the data collection centers. Crosstabs with dependency variables were used to statistically analyze the results. The study cohort consists of 411 women, whose responses showed that the majority did not have dental visits before and during pregnancy, which is why 74% of the whole sample did not request or receive information from professionals. Most mothers knew that they had to cleanse their child's mouth and, among them, those who responded more correctly, that is, who started before the eruption of the teeth, had received instructions from professionals. However, the low frequency of mothers performing dental checks during pregnancy did not allow mothers to become aware of the possibility of transmitting the carious lesions to their child, as conscious mothers represent 21%. Education from dentist and dental hygienists, gynecologists, and pediatricians is essential since they have an impact on mothers' habits and behaviors and ensure favorable oral health for both the mother and the child.

Paternal Diet before Conception and Its Social Determinants in the Elfe Cohort.

This study aimed to characterize paternal diet during the peri-conception period and its associated characteristics. These cross-sectional analyses were based on 998 fathers from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort recruited in 2011. Fathers' diet before mothers' pregnancies was assessed by a 46-item food frequency questionnaire. Six exploratory dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis: "Diverse diet", "Balanced", "Alcohol", "Snacking", "Bread and cheese", and "Processed products". Older age was related to higher scores for the "Balanced", "Alcohol", and "Snacking" patterns, and high education level with high scores on the "Balanced" pattern and low scores on the "Processed products" pattern. Unemployment and having a first child were related to high scores on the "Alcohol" pattern. Smoking was positively related to "Alcohol" and "Processed products" patterns. A restrictive diet was associated with high scores on the "Balanced" and "Processed products" patterns and low scores on "Alcohol", "Snacking", and "Bread and cheese" patterns. Maternal dietary patterns, identified in a previous analysis, were moderately and positively related to the similar patterns among fathers. These findings are important for screening fathers at risk of a suboptimal diet and for accounting for this factor in future studies to examine the specific influence of paternal diet on a child's health and development.

Breastfeeding education in Chinese hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding education plays a crucial role in improving breastfeeding outcomes and has been employed in many medical institutions across China. OBJECTIVES: To describe the current situation of breastfeeding education provided by hospitals to women in China, and to identify relevant factors associated with the exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge and the early breastfeeding initiation rate. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: We used an online survey platform called WenjuanXing to collect data from 2985 hospitals in China. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire to collect data. The Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to identify the differences between the different types and levels of hospitals. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with the exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge and the early breastfeeding initiation rate. RESULTS: A total of 2941 hospitals were included in the data analysis. In 86% of hospitals midwives were providing breastfeeding education on weekdays during the daytime. Information on how to deal with mastitis (80.8%) and weaning methods (71.5%) was less commonly provided to women. The hospitals often conducted breastfeeding education through antenatal education sessions and bedside health education, while 34.2% of hospitals used smartphone applications. The obstacles to conducting breastfeeding education in hospitals were a lack of full-time staff dedicated to breastfeeding education (43.3%) and limited funds invested in breastfeeding education (42.5%). A lack of full-time staff dedicated to breastfeeding education (OR, 0.689; 95% CI, 0.498-0.953) and a lack of space (OR, 0.697; 95% CI, 0.487-0.997) were associated with the exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge. Furthermore, a lack of full-time staff dedicated to breastfeeding education (OR, 0.372; 95% CI, 0.235-0.589) was associated with the early breastfeeding initiation rate. CONCLUSIONS: To improve breastfeeding outcomes, hospital managers and policymakers should increase the number of midwives and full-time staff who are dedicated to breastfeeding education, resolve the obstacles of limited funds and space for breastfeeding education, and explore more approaches to providing knowledge on breastfeeding to women and their families.

Design and Implementation of a Nutrition and Breastfeeding Education Program for Black Expecting Mothers and Fathers.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the intervention and research methods of Project Dads in Nutrition Education, an intervention that adds nutrition and breastfeeding education to the existing Healthy Start program in Georgia for Black expecting mothers and fathers to improve nutrition literacy, health outcomes, and breastfeeding rates. DESIGN: This 2-year community-based participatory research study employs a cluster randomization factorial design. SETTING: Six Healthy Start program sites (3 intervention and 3 control sites) in Georgia counties with high infant and maternal mortality rates. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 480 Black, expecting, Healthy Start program participants (20 couples [mother and father] and 40 single mothers from each site) will be enrolled over the study period. INTERVENTION(S): Project Dads in Nutrition Education will strengthen the capacity of the Georgia Healthy Start program to integrate an evidence-based nutrition education program, breastfeeding education, and father engagement into its routine services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Changes in prepost survey assessment of participants' nutrition literacy and eating behaviors; changes in prepost survey assessment of participants' breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, intent, initiation, and duration; and health and food diary collected 3 times (ie, at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after enrollment). ANALYSIS: Process evaluation throughout the study to document implementation. Generalized linear mixed modeling will be used to determine the impact of the intervention.

Effects of prenatal professional breastfeeding education for the family.

Mastering the correct breastfeeding posture remains a challenge for many new mothers. Generalized pregnancy breastfeeding education plays a role in helping mothers master breastfeeding positions and prevent nipple damage. This study prospectively analyzed the effects of prenatal professional breastfeeding education for the family on mastering the lactation latch and preventing nipple damage. Medical records of pregnant women in the authors' hospital from April 2020 to July 2020 were prospectively analyzed. A total of 342 patients were enrolled and divided into experimental and control groups according to whether or not they had received prenatal professional breastfeeding education for the family by the random number table method. The difference in the mastery rate of the postpartum breastfeeding posture and nipple damage was examined three days postpartum. The mastery rate in the experimental group (88.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (63.8%), whereas the rate of nipple damage in the experimental group (23.1%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (46.9%). Prenatal professional breastfeeding education for the family can promote mothers' mastery of breastfeeding latch skills and reduce the risk of nipple damage.

The Impact of Local Education and Resource Distribution on Maternal Health Behaviors.

INTRODUCTION: Community forum participants voted for an education and resource distribution program (using a baby box) to help reduce local infant mortality. Although multiple sites have implemented similar programs, there is limited peer-reviewed literature about outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective pre- and immediate post-survey design with an intervention (video and written education and resource distribution) in between was utilized with a follow-up survey. The primary research objectives were whether viewing educational videos led to change in self-reported likelihood of select maternal behaviors. Other objectives were whether demographic characteristics were associated with self-reported likelihood of behaviors, and to assess the actual self-reported postpartum behavior. RESULTS: Participants reported a change in likelihood in: asking a WIC counselor for help (p < 0.001); talking with a provider about substance use (p = 0.014), postpartum depression (p < 0.001) and birth control (p = 0.025); and using the baby box as a sleeping space (p < 0.01). After watching the educational videos, college-educated participants were significantly more likely than participants with high school education or less to report likelihood to breastfeed (p = 0.039). Over half of the participants (59.2%) in the follow-up survey reported breastfeeding most to all of the time, compared to 91.5% who reported they were more likely to breastfeed in the post-education survey. The proportion of participants at the follow-up survey who reported bed-sharing most or all of the time (5.7%) was lower than those participants who had said they were likely or very likely to bed-share in the post-education survey (11.3%). Although nearly all participants (98.6%) in the post-education survey reported that they were likely to use the baby box, at the postpartum follow-up, 39.1% reported actual use of the baby box. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The program positively impacted self-reported likelihood of several health behaviors. A community-driven approach to maternal education and resource distribution may be beneficial in other cities.

Multilevel Intervention for Low-Income Maternal Smokers in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Objectives. To test the efficacy of Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS), a multilevel intervention initiated in a citywide safety net health system to improve low-income maternal smokers' abstinence and reduce child tobacco smoke exposure. Methods. This randomized controlled trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2015-2020), recruited low-income maternal smokers who received a brief smoking intervention (Ask, Advise, Refer [AAR]) from nutrition professionals in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children before randomization to (1) a multilevel intervention (AAR + multimodal behavioral intervention [MBI]; n = 199) or (2) an attention control intervention (AAR + control; n = 197). Results. AAR + MBI mothers had significantly higher 12-month bioverified abstinence rates than did AAR + control mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 9.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54, 59.30; P = .015). There were significant effects of time (b = -0.15; SE = 0.04; P < .001) and condition by time (b = -0.19; SE = 0.06; P < .001) on reported child exposure favoring AAR + MBI, but no group difference in child cotinine. Presence of other residential smokers was related to higher exposure. Higher baseline nicotine dependence was related to higher child exposure and lower abstinence likelihood at follow-up. Conclusions. The multilevel BLiSS intervention was acceptable and efficacious in a population that experiences elevated challenges with cessation. Public Health Implications. BLiSS is a translatable intervention model that can successfully improve efforts to address the persistent tobacco-related burdens in low-income communities. Trial Registration. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02602288. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):472-481. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306601).

Effectiveness of a group educational intervention - prolact - in primary care to promote exclusive breastfeeding: a cluster randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months in Spain are far from recommended by the World Health Organization, which is 50% by 2025. Evidence of the effectiveness of group interventions in late postpartum is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PROLACT group educational intervention for increasing the proportion of mother-child dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared to the usual practice in primary care. METHOD: Multicentre cluster randomized clinical trial. A total of 434 mother-child dyads who breastfed exclusively in the first 4 weeks of the children's life and agreed to participate were included. The main outcome was exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. Secondary variables were type of breastfeeding, reasons for abandonment, degree of adherence and satisfaction with the intervention. To study the effectiveness, the difference in the proportions of dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was calculated, and the relative risk (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated with their 95% CIs. To study the factors associated with the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, a multilevel logistic regression model was fitted. All analyses were performed to intention to treat. RESULTS: The percentage of dyads with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was 22.4% in the intervention group and 8.8% in the control group. PROLACT intervention obtained an RR =2.53 (95% CI: 1.54-4.15) and an NNT = 7 (95%CI: 5-14). The factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months were the PROLACT intervention, OR = 3.51 (95%CI: 1.55-7.93); age > 39 years, OR = 2.79 (95%CI: 1.02-7.6); previous breastfeeding experience, OR = 2.61 (95%CI: 1.29-5.29); income between 500 and 833.33 €, OR = 3.52 (95%CI 1.47-8.47).); planning to start work before the infant was 6 months old, OR = 0.35 (0.19-0.63) . CONCLUSIONS: The PROLACT intervention in primary care is more effective than the usual practice for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, and can therefore be considered evidence-based practice for implementation in standard practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under code number NCT01869920 (03/06/2013).