Qual família e qual comunidade? Reconfigurações da Medicina de Família e Comunidade na saúde suplementar / ¿Qué familia y qué comunidad? Reconfiguraciones de la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en salud complementaria / Which family and which community? Reconfigurations of Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health

RESUMO: Trata-se de um estudo cartográfico que buscou analisar a atuação de médicos(as) de família e comunidade na Atenção Primária da saúde suplementar, realizado por meio de diários e entrevistas cartográficas entre março de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, processados semanalmente em reuniões de pesquisa. Tal estudo se deu com base nos analisadores: 'território', 'família' e 'comunidade'. Notou-se que a territorialização e a abordagem familiar ganham outros contornos na Medicina de Família e Comunidade praticada na saúde suplementar. Além disso, verificou-se que algumas das ferramentas típicas da Atenção Básica - como visita domiciliar, educação em saúde, genograma, ecomapa e vigilância em saúde - não eram utilizadas na atenção suplementar ou tiveram outras aplicabilidades dissonantes do modelo preconizado. Concluiu-se que a Medicina de Família e Comunidade na saúde suplementar se aproxima de uma atuação mais clínica, com perda da potência das linhas de força que constituem tal especialidade, tendendo a uma medicina menos familiar e comunitária.

RESUMEN: Se trata de un estudio cartográfico que buscó analizar el desempeño de los médicos de familia y comunidad en atención primaria de salud complementaria, realizado a través de diarios y entrevistas cartográficas entre marzo de 2021 y enero de 2022, que fueron procesados semanalmente en reuniones de investigación. Este estudio se basó en los analizadores: 'territorio', 'familia' y 'comunidad'. Se observó que la territorialización y el enfoque familiar adquieren otros contornos en la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria practicada en salud complementaria. Además, se encontró que algunas de las herramientas típicas de la atención básica, como las visitas domiciliarias, la educación sanitaria, el genograma, el ecomap y la vigilancia sanitaria, no se utilizaron en la atención complementaria o tenían otra aplicabilidad disonante del modelo recomendado. Se concluyó que la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en salud complementaria se aproxima a una práctica más clínica, con pérdida de potencia de las líneas eléctricas que constituyen dicha especialidad, tendiendo a una medicina menos familiar y comunitaria.

ABSTRACT: This is a cartographic study that sought to analyze the performance of family and community physicians in primary care of supplementary health, carried out through diaries and cartographic interviews between March 2021 and January 2022, which were weekly processed in research meetings. This study was based on the analyzers: 'territory', 'family' and 'community'. It was noticed that territorialization and family approach gain other contours in Family and Community Medicine practiced in supplementary health. In addition, it was found that some of the typical tools of basic care - such as home visits, health education, genogram, ecomap and health surveillance - were not used in supplementary care or had other dissonant applicabilities of the recommended model. It was concluded that Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health approaches a more clinical practice, with loss of power from the power lines that constitute such specialty, tending to a less familiar and community medicine.

Sarcoidosis: An FP's primer on an enigmatic disease.

Management includes ruling out alternate diagnoses, identifying occult/overt organ involvement, determining treatment, and recognizing worrisome features.

New Research on Back Pain, Diet and Diabetes, Advanced Care Planning, and Other Issues Frequently Seen in Family Medicine.

From the United States and Netherlands, we have 2 articles on back pain, with findings that indicate significant treatment differences between the countries, and a high likelihood of persistence. The Inflammatory Diet is now shown to be related to diabetes. Multiple perspectives on palliative care for the homeless. Could pharmacists assist in preventing suicide? There are changes in the practice of family medicine. Social determinants of health substantially influence health and medical care. Moreover, care for patients from deprived communities is under-reimbursed. Patient pre-existing conditions increased after the Affordable Care Act, suggesting that repealing pre-existing condition protections would likely exacerbate disparities in health and health care.

Creation of the Primary Health Care Secretariat and its implications for SUS. / Criação da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e suas implicações para o SUS.

On May 20, 2019, one day after the world's celebration of the Family Physician's Day, the Ministry of Health published Decree N. 9,795 of May 17, 2019, which changed the organization chart of this federal body. For the first time in the country's history, a specific Secretariat responsible for Primary Health Care and the Family Health Strategy (ESF) was created. The ESF celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2019. The new Primary Health Care Secretariat (SAPS) has three departments: the already existing Department of Strategic Programmatic Actions (DAPES), a Department of Family Health (DESF) and a new Department of Health Promotion (DPS). The Secretariat has, among its competencies, commitments that seek to meet structural challenges, even in the face of a budget constraint scenario that has been observed since 2014. Among the commitments are: (i) increasing the population's access to family health units , (ii) definition of a new funding model based on health and efficiency results, (iii) definition of a new model for the provision and training of physicians for remote areas, (iv) strengthening of clinic and teamwork, v) expansion of the computerization of units and electronic medical records.

Em 20 de maio de 2019, um dia após a celebração mundial do "Dia do Médico de Família", o Ministério da Saúde publicou o Decreto nº 9.795, de 17 de maio de 2019, que alterou o organograma desse órgão federal. Foi criada, pela primeira vez na história do País, uma Secretaria específica responsável pela Atenção Primária à Saúde e pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), que completou 25 anos em 2019. A nova Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde (SAPS) abriga três departamentos: o já existente Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas (DAPES), um Departamento de Saúde da Família (DESF) e um novo Departamento de Promoção da Saúde (DPS). A Secretaria apresenta entre suas competências, compromissos que buscam enfrentar desafios de ordem estruturante, mesmo diante de um cenário de restrição orçamentária que vem sendo observado desde 2014. Entre os compromissos colocados estão: (i) ampliação do acesso da população às unidades de saúde da família, (ii) definição de um novo modelo de financiamento baseado em resultados em saúde e eficiência, (iii) definição de um novo modelo de provimento e formação de médicos para áreas remotas, (iv) fortalecimento da clínica e do trabalho em equipe, (v) ampliação da informatização das unidades e prontuário eletrônico.

Criação da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e suas implicações para o SUS / Creation of the Primary Health Care Secretariat and its implications for SUS

Resumo Em 20 de maio de 2019, um dia após a celebração mundial do "Dia do Médico de Família", o Ministério da Saúde publicou o Decreto nº 9.795, de 17 de maio de 2019, que alterou o organograma desse órgão federal. Foi criada, pela primeira vez na história do País, uma Secretaria específica responsável pela Atenção Primária à Saúde e pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), que completou 25 anos em 2019. A nova Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde (SAPS) abriga três departamentos: o já existente Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas (DAPES), um Departamento de Saúde da Família (DESF) e um novo Departamento de Promoção da Saúde (DPS). A Secretaria apresenta entre suas competências, compromissos que buscam enfrentar desafios de ordem estruturante, mesmo diante de um cenário de restrição orçamentária que vem sendo observado desde 2014. Entre os compromissos colocados estão: (i) ampliação do acesso da população às unidades de saúde da família, (ii) definição de um novo modelo de financiamento baseado em resultados em saúde e eficiência, (iii) definição de um novo modelo de provimento e formação de médicos para áreas remotas, (iv) fortalecimento da clínica e do trabalho em equipe, (v) ampliação da informatização das unidades e prontuário eletrônico.

Abstract On May 20, 2019, one day after the world's celebration of the Family Physician's Day, the Ministry of Health published Decree N. 9,795 of May 17, 2019, which changed the organization chart of this federal body. For the first time in the country's history, a specific Secretariat responsible for Primary Health Care and the Family Health Strategy (ESF) was created. The ESF celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2019. The new Primary Health Care Secretariat (SAPS) has three departments: the already existing Department of Strategic Programmatic Actions (DAPES), a Department of Family Health (DESF) and a new Department of Health Promotion (DPS). The Secretariat has, among its competencies, commitments that seek to meet structural challenges, even in the face of a budget constraint scenario that has been observed since 2014. Among the commitments are: (i) increasing the population's access to family health units , (ii) definition of a new funding model based on health and efficiency results, (iii) definition of a new model for the provision and training of physicians for remote areas, (iv) strengthening of clinic and teamwork, v) expansion of the computerization of units and electronic medical records.

Family Medicine: Data Driven Practice with Emphasis on Underserved Patients.

Family physicians' role and interest in caring for underserved or undertreated patients is quite evident in this issue of JABFM. One in 5 family physicians provide urgent or emergency care, which is particularly important in rural areas. Methods and resources for obtaining information about social determinants of health are variable. A data-rich article considers how family medicine practice ownership might be associated with quality outcomes. We have articles on using text messages to increase HIV testing and colon cancer screening for Latino patients. For patients with significant behavioral health disorders, 1 article considers early posthospital follow-up to prevent readmission and another notes differences between the views of generalist physicians and psychiatrists on which specialty should test and manage antipsychotic-related metabolic disorders. Five articles provide topic-specific perspectives for diagnosis of systolic heart failure with preserved systolic function, primary care outpatient radiographs, polypharmacy in the elderly with dementia, supporting patients in self-management, and patient and family physician challenges in opioid prescribing. Furthermore, what happened to total opioid prescriptions when 1 version of opioid medication became more difficult to prescribe? Two articles provide treatment information for hepatitis C and initiation of basal insulin for diabetes.

[The role of the family doctor in the palliative care of chronic and terminally ill patients]. / El rol del médico de familia en el cuidado paliativo de pacientes crónicos y terminales.

The objective of this work was to identify the role of family physicians in the care of patients and their families in the approach to the end of life. Nowadays, with the increase in the demand for care of patients with terminal illnesses, there is also evidence on the lack of physicians with the profile and skills to fulfil this coverage deficit. A review of the literature was carried out in five databases from January 2015 to May 2018, and concluded that family doctors, based on their professional skills, ability to engage with the patients, their families, and their performance in the coordination of medical resources, are in an ideal position to attend and solve complex problems of patients at the end of life. In the present review, the specific roles of family physicians in clinical and psychosocial areas, and also the difficulties in facing the challenges in the care of patients and families undergoing the end of life process are described.

Teaching Benign Skin Lesions as a Strategy to Improve the Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopic Algorithm (TADA).

INTRODUCTION: Dermoscopy aids family physicians (FPs) in skin cancer detection. The triage amalgamated dermoscopic algorithm (TADA) was created to simplify the dermoscopic evaluation of a skin growth. The purpose of this image-based study was to evaluate the effect of teaching the clinical and dermoscopic features of benign skin lesions on the diagnostic accuracy of skin cancer identification using TADA. We also sought to determine the best method to teach benign neoplasms. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of an educational intervention, FPs participated in dermoscopy training. Participants were divided into 3 groups for teaching of common benign neoplasms (dermatofibroma, angioma, and seborrheic keratosis/lentigo): didactic + interactive, didactic + heuristic, and didactic. For each group, the benign teaching was followed by skin cancer identification training with TADA. All participants took a 30 image pre-test and 30 image post-test. RESULTS: Fifty-nine participants completed the study. The mean preintervention score (out of 30 correct responses) was 17.9 (SD, 4.5) and increased to 23.5 (SD, 3.0) on the postintervention evaluation (P < .001). Sensitivity for skin cancer increased from 62.5% to 88.1% following the intervention. Postintervention specificity for skin cancer was 87.8%. Sensitivity and specificity increased following the intervention for all 3 types of benign neoplasms. Diagnostic accuracy was not impacted by the method of benign teaching. CONCLUSION: Short dermoscopy training sessions with dedicated time for benign growths followed by TADA training for malignant growths are an effective means of teaching FPs dermoscopy and result in a high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of benign and malignant skin neoplasms.

Maternity Care Update: Preconception Care.

Family physicians are in a unique position to ensure that women receive preconception care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend preconception care for all women, but particularly for women with comorbid conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and chronic hypertension. Family physicians should ask all women of reproductive age who are at risk of unintended pregnancy if they desire pregnancy within the next year and, based on this answer, provide counseling on contraception or preconception care. Given that more than half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned, all women of reproductive age should be prescribed at least 400 mcg/day of folic acid. They also should be counseled to modify risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, overweight and obesity, and travel to countries where Zika virus infection is endemic. Women with significant chronic conditions should be counseled to achieve optimum control of their conditions before conception. Long-term treatment of such conditions with drugs should be reviewed and modified to prevent potentially teratogenic effects after the risks and benefits of continuing the drugs are considered.

Maternity Care Update: Postpartum Care.

Family physicians are uniquely situated to play a major role in postpartum care. Postpartum issues that should be monitored and addressed include reproductive and contraceptive planning, breastfeeding counseling and support, and maternal mental health. All women should be screened for postpartum depression using a validated tool at the postpartum visit and/or at well-child visits. Patients with positive screening results should be offered support and treatment. Women are more likely to breastfeed if they are provided with breastfeeding support and counseling routinely during the prenatal and postpartum periods. All women should be asked about their reproductive life plans, counseled about potential risks associated with short and prolonged interpregnancy intervals, and offered contraception.

[What, how, and how much should a Family and Community Medicine resident do to become a good specialist?] / Qué, cómo y cuánto debe hacer un residente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria para ser un buen especialista.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ideal volume of activity to be carried out by residents in Family and Community Medicine in order to acquire the competencies of their professional activity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The consensus opinion of a group of experts in the training of residents in Family and Community Medicine was collected from 152 tutors using an online Delphi-type questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall medians obtained in the different activities that should be developed by residents of Family and Community Medicine were: individual diagnostic/therapeutic interventions: retinography 60, spirometry 40, anticoagulation 45, cryo/electrocoagulation 35, infiltrations 45, tele-dermatology 60, and others 45; women's health: pregnancy 45, gynaecological ultrasound/IUD 41, cytology 32.5, family planning 19.5, and maternal education 17; lifestyle and care interventions: geriatrics 30, nursing 45, individual tobacco advice 30, group advice 15, health problems 15, and dietary advice 15; community intervention: sessions with youth 15, and social risk 15; training: sessions 40, continuing education 40. CONCLUSIONS: This information has defined the activity volumes that should be developed by the residents in order to acquire an adequate level of competence in the areas of individual diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, women's health, interventions to change lifestyles, community intervention, and clinical and training sessions. The consensus obtained could serve as a basis for the creation of a road map in the training of residents as a complementary tool to the Resident's Book, which is obligatory in all specialties.

[Genetics and family medicine]. / Genética y medicina de familia.

There have been spectacular advances in genetics in the last decades. Their implications in medicine have been so relevant that the family doctor cannot ignore them. However, interestingly, our specialty training program has hardly any contents related to this discipline. For this reason, several publications have warned of the need to correct this deficit and to determine the knowledge, skills and abilities in genetics that should be acquired by family physicians. It is considered that, in addition to some general concepts, we must have training related to genetic testing, genetic counselling, aspects related to hereditary cancers, and to be aware of the ethical and legal limits of genetic information. It is also necessary to establish guidelines for collaboration with the genetic services.

Multiple Practical Facts and Ideas to Improve Family Medicine Care.

Seconds count in a study on the best electronic health note format to reduce medical record charting time and increase accuracy. Directly observed family physician work is compared with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding examples and notably under-recognized. This issue contains articles from single practices that that implemented new methods of care and other reports on practice innovations that can be more broadly implemented. We have articles on opioid medication use for acute low back pain in primary care, an electronic chronic pain consult service, a key question to identify potential opioid misuse risk, and newly implemented screening for other substances of abuse. Omissions (or gaps) in care are also highlighted: from the common types of omissions identified by primary care clinicians, self-reported low levels of substance use screening by family medicine prenatal care providers, and inadequate and inadequately available hospital discharge summaries. In addition, the most important alarm symptoms for a cancer diagnosis are reported.

A staff support programme for rural hospitals in Nepal.

PROBLEM: District hospitals in Nepal struggle to provide essential services such as caesarean sections. APPROACH: Retention of health workers is critical to the delivery of long-term, quality health-care services. To promote retention and enhance performance in rural public hospitals, the Government of Nepal and the Nick Simons Institute progressively implemented a rural staff support programme in remote hospitals. After competitive selection for a compulsory-service scholarship and training, family practice doctors who could do basic surgery, orthopaedics and obstetrics were hired under a binding three-year contract in each participating hospital. Comfortable living quarters and an Internet connection were provided for the resident doctors; in-service training for all staff and capacity development for each hospital's management committee were provided. LOCAL SETTING: Nepal's mountainous landscape, poverty and inequitable rural/urban distribution of health workers pose barriers to adequate health care. RELEVANT CHANGES: Between 2011 and 2015 family practice doctors were maintained in all seven programme hospitals. All hospitals became providers of comprehensive emergency obstetric care and served more patients. Compared with hospitals not within the programme, deliveries increased significantly (203% versus 71% increase, respectively; P = 0.002). The programme recently expanded to 14 hospitals. LESSONS LEARNT: A package of human resource supports can improve the retention of doctors and the use of remote hospitals. Factors contributing to the success of this programme were compulsory-service scholarship, central personnel management, performance-based incentives and the provision of comfortable living quarters.

Qualitative Evaluation of Cardiovascular Diseases Management in Family Medicine Team in One Year Level.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading death cause in modern world and are the most public health problem. WHO program for CVD contains: prevention, command and follow up of CVD in global level. AIM: Investigate CVD frequency in family medicine team in 2012.year (one year period of time) and qualitative management prevention and clinical services management quality of CVD together with recommended standards. PATIENTS AND METHODS: clinical revision of clinical standard practice patients with CVD was provided in Family medicine team in Public Health Centre Tuzla for the period of time from January 01 2012 - December 31 2012. For quality of realized services, AKAZ standards were based for: chapter 2. Health promotion and diseases prevention 2.5. preventive clinical services; chapter 3. Clinical services, standard 3.1. Coronary diseases and standard 3.2. TIA and Stroke. From CVD register next parameters had been used: age, gender, disease diagnose, therapy, blood pressure values, total cholesterol values, ß blockers therapy, anticoagulant therapy prescription, smoker status, stop smoking recommendation and influenza vaccination recommendation. STATISTICAL APPROACH: All results were taken in Excel program and statistically analyzed. Descriptive standard tests were taken with measurement of central tendency and dispersion. For significant differentials achieved with χ² chances relation was taken (Odds Ratio-OR) with 95% relevant security. All tests were leveled in statistical significant from 95% (p<0,05). RESULTS: Considering total registered habitants number 1448 (males 624 females 824) total diseases of usually CVD in Team 1 family medicine 531 (36,67%). The most frequent disease was hypertension which was presented in 30,31% of registered patients but in total CVD illness was present in 82,67%. In relation with total patients number (531), female prevalence from CVD 345:186 males vs. 65%:35%; P=0,001 and was statistically significantly higher. Almost patients were in age from ≥65 years. Nearly all the standards for chapter 2. Health promotion and diseases prevention and chapter 3. Clinical services, standard 3.1. Coronary diseases and standard 3.2. TIA and Stroke are met in larger percentages than the minimum, however, bad quality signs we have found in total cholesterol control were values of total cholesterol were ≤ 5mmol/l achieved only in 27.58% patients with CVD. Stop smoking recommendation in smokers with TIA and Stroke (total 10 smokers) was registered in 20,00% patients. Indicator was not achieved,(min level 25%). CONCLUSION: Role of family medicine team is extremely important in patient care who suffer from chronically noncontagious diseases such as CVD, as one of them. Considering that in our country preventive programs for CVD are at small level, results of this study are acceptable. Our plans for personal continuous educations and patient educations about healthy life style are pointed for higher or average of achieved standards and of course everything what have to be done should be written in personal dates of patients.

[Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (II/V)]. / Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (II/V).

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of patients' lives. Therefore, family doctors need to thoroughly understand this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The second one deals with population screening and its controversies, screening in high-risk women, and the current recommendations. This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors, and helping them to be able to care for their patients for their benefit throughout their illness.

[Teaching practice recommendations: prevention and screening]. / Enseignement de recommandations pour la pratique: la prévention et le dépistage.

The aim of this article is to provide guidance to family doctors on how to tutor students about effective screening and primary prevention. Family doctors know their patients and adapt national and international guidelines to their specific context, risk profile, sex and age as well as to the prevalence of the disorders under consideration. Three cases are presented to illustrate guideline use according to the level of evidence (for a 19-year-old man, a 60-year-old woman, and an 80-year-old man). A particular strength of family medicine is that doctors see their patients over the years. Thus they can progressively go through the various prevention strategies, screening, counselling and immunisation, accompanying their patients with precious advice for their health throughout their lifetime.