O cuidado em saúde promovido pelas religiões afro-brasileiras / Health care promoted by afro-brazilian religions / El cuidado en salud promovido por las religiones afrobrasileñas

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)

In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)

A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)

Uma diversão entre a ciência e o ocultismo: os espetáculos de mágica no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX (décadas de 1840- 1880) / An entertainment between the science and the occultism: the magic shows in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro (1840S1880S)

Este estudo objetiva lançar um olhar sobre os espetáculos de artes mágicas promovidos no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX, sugerindo que, por suas características, podem nos permitir perceber algumas peculiaridades nacionais do processo de adesão ao ideário e imaginário da modernidade. Como fontes, foram utilizados revistas e jornais publicados na cidade entre as décadas de 1840 e 1880, período em que mágicos mais amiúde ocuparam os palcos de teatros fluminenses, observando-se um auge e regressão da popularidade desse tipo de divertimento. Na análise/interpretação, consideramos as três dimensões que marcaram, no Brasil e no mundo, os discursos e dinâmicas dessas apresentações: a ciência, o ocultismo, a diversão.

This study aims to take a look at the magical arts spectacles promoted in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro, suggesting that, due to their characteristics, they can allow us to perceive some national peculiarities of the adherence process to the ideals of modernity. As sources, they were used magazines and newspapers published in the city between the 1840s and 1880s, a period in which magicians more often occupied the stages of Rio de Janeiro theatres, with an upswing and regression of this type of entertainment in terms of popularity. For analysis/interpretation, we considered the three dimensions that marked, in Brazil and in the world, the discourses and dynamics of these exhibitions: science, occultism, entertainment.

Illusionist techniques as a complement to psychological support for children with cancer.

Magic and illusionism may be a potentially valid resource for children with cancer, as a complement to more traditional psychological support approaches. This study considered the psychological interviews conducted with patients with cancer <10 years of age from January to December 2019. We classified the reasons why consultations were performed and the specific situations when psychologists adopted illusionist techniques. Overall, 96 children (age 4-10 years, median 7) received psychological interventions. Magic techniques were used in 30 patients: in 15 cases to support communication and relations, in 9 as a diversion, and in 2 each for physical therapy and rehabilitation, humour therapy, and psychotherapy. This preliminary descriptive experience suggests that the use of magic tricks might be helpful in providing support for communication and relations, as well for compliance and rehabilitation, for children with cancer. More analytical studies are needed to provide quantitative assessment of the efficacy of such an approach.

Successful combination of endoscopic and laparoscopic removal of multiple ingested needles: A case report.

RATIONALE: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a relatively common clinical situation in the emergency department. However, multiple sharply pointed foreign bodies located in different organs are rare conditions and no definite treatment guidelines has been established. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 31-year-old amateur magician visited the outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of epigastric discomfort. He might have accidentally swallowed some needles while practicing a magic trick 2 days before. DIAGNOSIS: Imaging tests revealed 1 needle was stuck in the left liver lobe through the stomach wall, 1 was in the third portion of the duodenum, 3 were in the ascending colon, and 2 were in the transverse colon. INTERVENTIONS: A needle in the duodenum and 5 in the colon were removed by endoscopy. The needle stuck in the liver from the stomach was not visible inside the stomach and was successfully removed by laparoscopy a few days later. OUTCOMES: The patient was able to tolerate an oral diet and was discharged on postoperative day 4 without any complications. LESSONS: Developing a treatment plan in cases of multiple sharp FB may be difficult. A multidisciplinary team of endoscopists and surgeons is needed to determine the best possible treatment plan. This experience illustrates the importance of the planning of the sequence and method of removal of multiple foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract.

Cancer and how the patients see it; prevalence and perception of risk factors: a cross-sectional survey from a tertiary care centre of Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cancer is rising but data available regarding prevalence of cancer and patient perception of the disease in Pakistan is limited. It is difficult to deal with Cancer if the main causes are negligence towards risk factors and bizarre myths. This study was aimed to investigate common cancer presentations at a government sector hospital and to gain insight into patient knowledge of the disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on cancer patients from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess the norms related to cancer prevalence in our society, associated myths, and the most common risk factors per them. RESULTS: A total of 402 participants consented to participate in the study (mean age 42.3 ± 15.07 years), 204(50.7%) were females and 190(47.3%) were illiterate. Biomass exposure was found in 147(37%), drug abuse in 132(33%) and smoking in 63(16%). We found 103(25.6%) had positive family histories of cancer. The most common primary tumor site was breast for females 98(48%) and Head and neck 66(33.3%) for males. Patients considered fate 328(82%), gutka 284(71%) and injuries 282(70%) as the most common causes for cancer; while 222(55.5%) considered black magic and 236(58.75%) considered evil eye as a risk factor for cancer. Cancer treatment caused significant financial stress in 376(93.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: Breast and head and neck cancers were found to be prevalent among patients. It was noted that patients are negligent in daily life regarding the consumption of substances that commonly cause cancer. Individuals had diminished knowledge and majority linked cancer to unrelated causes and myths like black magic and fate. Almost all the patients complained of severe financial stress imposed by the disease.

Verso e avesso da sombra: tessitura de profanação sensível (pensartecorpo na experiência de bioética e aionética)

Tratou-se de um experimento Mítico-Erótiko no suporte da BioÉtica-AionÉtica-Éticada-Vidapor meio de uma cultura da Skótos (Sombra) em solução abstrato-teóricofilosófica(vide procedimentos em Giorgio Agamben) onde se desenvolveram cepashíbridas de idiopaticidade e de criptogenicidade que foram inoculadas no galo-deSócrates-para-Asclépioem vias de administração da oralidade, do rito, daespiritualidade, da filosofia, das humanidades e das artes (dança-Butô, teatro,performance, música, cinema, pintura, fotografia, literatura epistolar, poética,biográfica) com o propósito de observar uma sintomatologia do Contemporâneo e seuspossíveis efeitos adversos (Contra-Temporâneos) nos corpos da potência, diferença,sensações e afetos. Ao descrever os processos de mutações que se efetivaram nesseprotocolo, constatou-se que o próprio campo da Linguagem empreendeu uma curvaendógena (experiência sobre si mesmo), em dobraduras que resistiram às configuraçõesfixadas para um uso da gramática e/ou da finalidade identitária. Nessa zona limítrofelaboratorialdas variáveis no Pensamento e na Linguagem (Fora), enquanto aSubjetividade e os Saberes dos Modernos espargiram-se nas intensidades da imanência,persistiu uma estrutura expelida da Pólis arcana, uma arké da feiticeira no Sertão,outrora marginal ao tratamento que o Discurso-Verdade recebe na poesia (das Musas) ena filosofia (do Lógos), nos termos da Lei (Nómos) e da Ordem (Kósmos). A análisepara a coleta dos dados restritos ao presente sugere a multiplicidade de novos estudos apartir da intersecção de metodologias de conhecimento tácito em camadas distintas davirtualidade. Por fim, esse trabalho declara conflito de interesses às problemáticas dasua época, atinente às influências dos Pós-Modernos, dos Pós-Estruturalistas e dosContemporâneos no pensamento da Saúde e do Cuidado.

A Mythical-Erotic experiment in BioEthics-AionEthics-Life Ethics as substantiated by aculture of Skotos (Darkness) in an abstract-theoretical-philosophical solution (seeprocedures in Giorgio Agamben) within which hybrid strains of idiopathy andcryptogenicity were developed and inoculated in Socrates‘s Cock-for-Asclepius duringthe process of administration, of orality, of the rite, of spirituality, of philosophy, of thehumanities and of the arts (Butoh dance, theater, performance, music, cinema, painting,photography, epistolary literature, poetics, biography), with the aim of observing asymptomatology of the Contemporary and its possible adverse affects (CounterTemporaries)upon the bodies of potency, difference, sensations and facts. In describingthe processes of mutations that took place within that protocol, it became clear that thefield of Language itself had performedan endogenous curve (experience of oneself) infolds that resisted fixed configurations for grammar and/or identity purposes. Whereas,in this coterminous laboratorial zone of variables in Thought and Language (Outside),Subjectivity and the Knowledge of the Moderns spread throughout the intensities ofimmanence, one structure that had been expelled from the arcane Polis lives on – anarche of witchcraft in the Sertão, once marginal to the treatment that Truth-Discoursegiven to poetry (by the Muses) and to philosophy (by the Logos), in terms of Law(Nomos) and Order (Kósmos). The analysis of data collection restricted to the presentsuggests the multiplicity of new studies based on the intersection of methodologies oftacit knowledge in distinct layers of virtuality. Finally, this thesis declares a conflict ofinterests with the problems of its age, pertaining to the influence of the Postmoderns,the Poststructuralists and the Contemporaries upon Health and Care thinking.

Metamorfose infinita: sobre brujos, espíritos e apuntes em Havana / Infinite metamorphosis: witches, spirits and apuntes in Havana

O artigo oferece uma leitura alternativa de Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, do cubano Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, e discute a necessidade de problematizar as diferentes ideias expostas pelo autor. Para isso, contesta leituras de alguns comentadores influenciados por sua obra. O artigo sugere algumas pistas acerca do que Ortiz y Fernandes entendia como forças capazes de agir e manifestar-se nos "corpos" de sujeitos afetados pela agência dos acusados de envolvimento com práticas e objetos mágicos. Debruça-se sobre a criação dos brujos - conforme descritos por Ortiz y Fernandes - como um objeto epistêmico e discute os argumentos e práticas de conhecimento necessários à sua fabricação.

This article offers an alternative reading of Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, by the Cuban Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, and discusses the need to make the different ideas expounded by the author more complex. For this reason, it disputes the interpretations of some commentators influenced by his work. The article suggests some clues with regard to what Ortiz y Fernandes understood as forces capable of acting and manifesting themselves in the "bodies" of persons affected by the activities of those accused of being involved with magical practices and objects. It examines the creation of witches - as described by Ortiz y Fernandes - as an epistemic phenomenon and discusses the arguments and the practices and knowledge required for this purpose.

Asbestos between science and myth. A 6,000-year story.

Asbestos was used in making pottery in Eastern Finland from around 4000 B.C. In the ancient era and in the Middle Ages, magic properties were frequently attributed to this mineral. In the first century A.D., the Latin encyclopaedist Pliny the Elder reported in his Historia Naturalis that asbestos protects against all poisonings, particularly that of magicians. Moreover, asbestos was often found in places of worship, in Rome as well as in Athens and in Jerusalem. In the Middle Ages asbestos was identified with some animals, such as the salamander and certain white rodents. With such appearance, the mineral  had a huge success in Western as well as in Eastern literature and the fine arts. Marco Polo (1254-1324) in the Milione tried to deny that asbestos was a salamander. Despite its noxious effects, asbestos continues to be used in much of the world. In the 21st century it seems to be maintaining its quality as a magic stone.

El programa de investigación propuesto por Jacques lacan en el año 1966: de la verdad como causa para el sujeto / The research program proposed by Jacques Lacan in 1966: on truth as cause to the subject

En el año 1966, el psicoanalista Jacques Lacan publica sus Écrits marcando un antecedente a largo de su enseñanza. Consideramos que este antecedente deja una propuesta muy específica para el psicoanálisis y un campo desde dónde el psicoanalista puede hacer posible su práctica: la verdad como causa para el sujeto. Sin embargo, Lacan nos advierte que en cuánto a sujetos de la ciencia psicoanalítica, debemos de resistir a otros modos de relación con la verdad como causa. Así, a partir de su obediencia científica y mediante una definición estructuralista, Lacan aborda otros marcos por fuera de la jurisdicción del psicoanálisis: magia, religión y ciencia.

In 1966, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan publishes Écrits setting an antecedent for his teachings. We consider that this antecedent leaves a very specific proposal for psychoanalysis and a field where the psychoanalyst can make its practice possible: truth as a cause to the subject. However, Lacan warns, from a psychoanalytical science perspective, that we must resist other ways of relationship with truth as a cause. Thus, from his scientific obedience and through a structuralist definition, Lacan also approaches other fields outside the jurisdiction of psychoanalysis: magic, religion, and science.

En 1966, le psychanalyste Jacques Lacan publie ses Écrits, marquant ainsi un antécédent tout au long de son enseignement. Cet antécédent suggère, selon nous, une approche très spécifique à la psychanalyse, ainsi qu’un champ dans lequel le psychanalyste peut rendre possible sa pratique: la vérité comme cause pour le sujet. Lacan nous averti cependant que, en tant que sujets de la science psychanalytique, nous devons résister à d’autres modes de relation avec la vérité comme cause. Ainsi, à partir de son obéissance scientifique et grâce à une définition structuraliste, Lacan aborde d’autres sphères en dehors du domaine de la psychanalyse : magie, religion et science.

Dimensiones y alternativas del diagnosticar en la medicina y la psiquiatría: I parte / Dimensions and alternatives in the act of diagnose in medicine and psychiatry: part I

En esta primera de un trabajo concebido en dos partes, se indaga sobre el papel que la sugestión del médico tiene en el acto de diagnosticar, y en el ejercicio de la medicina. Lo que hoy llamamos sugestión será expuesto con más detalle en la segunda parte; en el actual se pretende asimilarla con los que los hipocráticos llamaban la magia, actitud frente a la medicina que repudiaron explícita y reiteradamente, lo que es aprehensible en los textos que nos legaron, porque el médico, y secundariamente el paciente, estaban, a su juicio, particularmente expuestos a caer en sus redes.

In this first, of a work conceived in two parts, it is investigated the role that have the suggestion in the physician in the act of diagnose and in the practice of medicine. What we now call suggestion will be presented in more detail in the second part; the current aims to assimilate with that the clubbing called the magic, attitude toward hipocratic medicine repudiated explicitly and repeatedly, what is apprehensible in the texts that we have bequeathed us, because the doctor, and secondarily secondarily the patient, were, in his view, particularly liable to fall into their networks.

Médicos, medicina popular e inquisição: a repressão das curas mágicas em Portugal durante o Iluminismo / Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Magical Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment

Este é um trabalho altamente original que combina fontes da história da Inquisição e da história da medicina (assim como muitas outras). Examina a enorme contradição de profissionais médicos treinados durante o Iluminismo português que utilizavam o aparato repressivo da Inquisição para eliminar seus competidores mais rústicos e (na sua maioria) iletrados: os curandeiros populares. Baseia-se em documentação de numerosos arquivos em Lisboa, Évora e Londres. O que está no cerne deste livro - e o distingue - é a análise da equação de interesses envolvidos na perseguição a curandeiros na Inquisição portuguesa. O autor demonstra que, por trás dessas perseguições, havia uma concorrência: de um lado, uma classe emergente de profissionais médicos formados; de outro, praticantes da cura nas comunidades. Sob a crescente influência dos primeiros, aumentam as hostilidades contra os segundos, aos quais são imputadas acusações e aplicados castigos