Insights into designing educational materials for persons living with dementia: a focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Persons living with dementia (PLWD) may experience communication difficulties that impact their ability to process written and pictorial information. Patient-facing education may help promote discontinuation of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults without dementia, but it is unclear how to adapt this approach for PLWD. Our objective was to solicit feedback from PLWD and their care partners to gain insights into the design of PLWD-facing deprescribing intervention materials and PLWD-facing education material more broadly. METHODS: We conducted 3 successive focus groups with PLWD aged ≥ 50 (n = 12) and their care partners (n = 10) between December 2022 and February 2023. Focus groups were recorded and transcripts were analyzed for overarching themes. RESULTS: We identified 5 key themes: [1] Use images and language consistent with how PLWD perceive themselves; [2] Avoid content that might heighten fear or anxiety; [3] Use straightforward delivery with simple language and images; [4] Direct recipients to additional information; make the next step easy; and [5] Deliver material directly to the PLWD. CONCLUSION: PLWD-facing educational material should be addressed directly to PLWD, using plain, non-threatening and accessible language with clean, straightforward formatting.

Prostate cancer and podcasts: an analysis and assessment of the quality of information about prostate cancer available on podcasts.

Podcasts represent a new source of information for patients and families dealing with prostate cancer, but no studies have been conducted evaluating the quality of information in them. Evaluating for: (1) quality based on the validated DISCERN criteria, (2) understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), (3) misinformation, and (4) commercial bias, we concluded that podcasts are currently not good sources of information for lay health consumers.

Redacción de artículos científicos en el contexto universal de plataformas en acceso abierto / Writing scientific articles in the universal context of open access platforms

Es necesario profundizar en la investigación pedagógica en las ciencias médicas, a fin de que las publicaciones compilen evidencias científicas y experiencias derivadas del ejercicio docente para crear una didáctica particular que perfeccione el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y siente las bases para el posterior desarrollo de los métodos de trabajo en las profesiones en salud. Es propósito de estos autores comunicar sobre la conformación de un manual de redacción, en cuyas páginas encontrarán los interesados en incursionar en el cambiante mundo de las publicaciones, una guía metodológica detallada que les permitirá mejorar su desempeño durante el proceso de construcción y envío de sus artículos a través de las plataformas de revistas en acceso abierto; además, alerta sobre la ética en la publicación científica y el riesgo de publicar en revistas depredadoras y secuestradoras.

It is necessary to deepen pedagogical research in the medical sciences, so that publications compile scientific evidence and experiences derived from teaching to create a particular didactics that perfects the teaching-learning process and lays the foundations for the subsequent development of teaching methods. work in the health professions. It is the purpose of these authors to communicate about the creation of a writing manual, in whose pages those interested in entering the changing world of publications will find a detailed methodological guide that will allow them to improve their performance during the process of construction and submission of their articles through open access journal platforms; Furthermore, it warns about ethics in scientific publication and the risk of publishing in predatory and kidnapping journals.

Validação do conteúdo de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV / Validación del contenido de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH / Content validation of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p<0,005 significativo na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas. Na segunda análise, os critérios usados para validação de conteúdo apresentaram CVCt de 0,97, com os critérios de objetividade, simplicidade, clareza, relevância, precisão, variedade, credibilidade e equilíbrio, atingindo 100% de aprovação. Conclusão O roteiro foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, mostrando ser um instrumento representativo e pertinente para construção do recurso audiovisual. Ele contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico pois apresenta resultados com rigor metodológico, com inovações no campo da educação em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del guion de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH Métodos Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo, norteado por el marco referencial teórico metodológico de la psicometría. La validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en el área temática mediante el uso del método Delphi. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jueces en el primer análisis de validación y siete jueces en el segundo análisis. Resultados Todos los dominios analizados presentaron coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC) >0,80, con un CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistencia interna casi perfecta, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95 % 0,969-0,991] y p<0,005 significativo en la primera ronda de evaluación de los especialistas. En el segundo análisis, los criterios usados para la validación de contenido presentaron un CVCt de 0,97, con los criterios de objetividad, simplicidad, claridad, relevancia, precisión, variedad, credibilidad y equilibrio, con un 100 % de aprobación. Conclusión Se validó el guion en cuanto al contenido, lo que demuestra que es un instrumento representativo y pertinente para la elaboración del recurso audiovisual. Contribuye al avance del conocimiento científico ya que presenta resultados con rigor metodológico, con innovaciones en el campo de la educación para la salud para personas que viven con el VIH.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to validate the script content of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV. Methods This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis. Results All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval. Conclusion The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV.

Requerimientos para la producción e implementación de un Material Educativo Digital / Requirements for Producing and Implementing Digital Educational Materials

Introducción: La revolución digital ha llegado al campo educativo y exige que los entornos educativos digitales generen experiencias educativas contundentes. Para realizar este proceso, es fundamental diseñar y construir un material educativo digital (MED) ajustado a los lineamientos tecnológicos, técnicos y pedagógicos enmarcados en la neurobiología del aprendizaje (NA) del estudiante. Objetivo: Evaluar los elementos necesarios para la producción de un material educativo digital (MED) inédito, mediante su implementación en estudiantes. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo a través del Test de Wilcoxon SR con el software SPSS de IBM, y un análisis cualitativo con el software QDA Miner. Posteriormente, se triangularon los datos. Resultados: En el análisis cuantitativo se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el pretest y el postest (p < 0,001) y la mediana entre dicha diferencia de 22,6 por ciento. En el análisis cualitativo se definieron tres categorías: los comentarios positivos de la experiencia, las sugerencias de los estudiantes al proceso y las dificultades técnicas surgidas durante la implementación. Conclusiones: Son evidentes el interés, la motivación, el enganche y el disfrute de los estudiantes de una forma activa en el proceso de aprendizaje, que proporcionan un punto de partida para transformar las prácticas educativas con resultados significativos(AU)

Introduction: The digital revolution has reached the educational field and demands that digital educational environments generate powerful educational experiences. To carry out this process, it is essential to design and build a digital educational material adjusted to the technological, technical and pedagogical guidelines framed in the student's neurobiology of learning. Objective: To evaluate the necessary elements for the production of an unpublished digital educational material, through its implementation in students. Methods: A quantitative analysis was performed through the Wilcoxon SR test using the IBM SPSS software, together with a qualitative analysis using the QDA Miner software. Subsequently, the data were triangulated. Results: The quantitative analysis yielded a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest (p < 0.001), as well as a median difference of 22.6 percent. The qualitative analysis permitted to define three categories: positive comments on the experience, the students' suggestions to the process, and technical difficulties encountered during the implementation. Conclusions: The students' active interest in, motivation for, engagement towards and enjoyment of the learning process are evident, facts that provide a starting point for transforming educational practices with significant outcomes(AU)

Visual Misrepresentations: The Lack of Skin Tone and Sex Equity in General Surgical Textbooks.

OBJECTIVE: Lack of racial and ethnic diversity in educational material contributes to health disparities. This study sought to determine if images of skin color and sex in general surgery textbooks were reflective of the U.S. DESIGN: All human figures with discernable sex characteristics and/or skin tone were evaluated independently by 4 coders. Each image was categorized as male or female. Skin tone in each image was categorized using the Massey- Martin skin color scale. This data was compared to 2020 U.S. Census Data. SETTING: U.S. Medical School. PARTICIPANTS: Not applicable. RESULTS: A total of 1179 images were evaluated for skin tone alone; 293 images for sex alone. 650 images depicted characteristics of both sex and skin tone. Interrater reliability was 0.78 for skin tone and 0.91 for sex. While the U.S. population is 59.3% white, 29.5% non-black persons of color and 13.6% black, in surgical textbooks, 90.7% of images were white, 6.5% were non-black persons of color, and 2.8% were black. Distribution of skin tone for all textbooks were significantly different. (p < 0.001) compared to the U.S. POPULATION: The U.S. population is 49.5% male and 50.5% female. When images of sex specific genitalia and breasts are excluded, surgical textbook images are 62.9% male and 37.1% female. Only 1 textbook had a distribution of sex that was similar to the U.S. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing diversity in the U.S. population there is a lack of skin tone and sex diversity in traditional surgical textbooks.

Experiências em divulgação científica e sensibilização da população: importância do controle mecânico do vetor Aedes aegypti / Experiences in scientific outreach and public awareness: the importance of mechanical control of the Aedes aegypti vector / Experiencias en divulgación científica y sensibilización de la población: importancia del control mecánico del vector Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor dos agentes etiológicos de dengue, zika e chikungunya, doenças para as quais não existem vacinas totalmente eficazes. Alternativas de controle visando mitigar essas arboviroses são primordiais. Entre essas, o controle mecânico aborda práticas de eliminação e/ou limpeza de criadouros do vetor. Neste relato, apresentamos e avaliamos criticamente ações realizadas pelo grupo, ocorridas entre 2016 e 2019, nas quais divulgamos informação científica clara através do diálogo com a população. Os métodos utilizados foram: 1) palestras em escolas (público infantojuvenil) utilizando slides, fotos e vídeos; 2) oficinas (público misto), estande com material in vivo do ciclo de vida do Aedes, jogos e desenhos. Analisamos dez palestras em escolas do ensino fundamental e médio e vinte oficinas realizadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Concluímos que tais ações e suas análises críticas devem ser realizadas continuamente para que sejam bem-sucedidas

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya etiological agents, diseases for which no effective vaccines are available. Control alternatives aimed at mitigating these arboviruses are essential. Among such, mechanical control addresses practices of elimination and/or cleaning of vector breeding sites. Here, we presented and critically evaluated actions carried out by ourselves. These actions took place between 2016 and 2019, where we disseminated clear scientific information through dialogue with the population. The following methods were employed: 1) lectures in schools (children and youth audiences) using slides, photos, and videos; 2) workshops (mixed audience), stand with in vivo material from the Aedeslife cycle, games, and drawings. Ten lectures in elementary and high schools and twenty workshops held in different regions of Brazil were analyzed. It was concluded that such actions and their critical analyzes must be carried out continuously to be successful

Aedes aegypti es el principal vector de los agentes etiológicos del dengue, zika y chikungunya, enfermedades para las que no existen vacunas totalmente eficaces. Las alternativas de control para mitigar estas arbovirosis son fundamentales. El control mecánico, representa una de estas alternativas, aborda prácticas de eliminación y/o limpieza de criaderos del vector. En este informe presentamos y evaluamos de manera crítica las acciones realizadas por el grupo entre los años 2016 y 2019. Presentamos información científica clara a través del diálogo con la población mediante los siguientes métodos: 1) conferencias en escuelas (público infantil) utilizando diapositivas, fotos y videos; 2) Talleres (público mixto), stand con material in vivo del ciclo de vida del Aedes, juegos y dibujos. Analizamos diez conferencias en escuelas (primarias y secundarias) y veinte talleres realizados en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Concluimos que tales acciones y el análisis crítico de las mismas deben llevarse a cabo de manera continua para que resulten exitosas.

Ensino e aprendizagem com abordagem multissensorial na graduação em enfermagem: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Teaching and learning with a multisensory approach in undergraduate nursing education: scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear estratégias e recursos instrucionais utilizados com abordagem multissensorial para o ensino presencial de graduandos em Enfermagem e resumir as discussões/conclusões dos autores em relação às repercussões do ensino com essa abordagem no processo de aprendizagem dos graduandos. MÉTODO: A metodologia Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento deste protocolo e será empregada para conduzir e relatar a revisão. Não haverá restrição quanto ao idioma, data ou tipo de publicação. As fontes de informação incluirão PubMed, Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ProQuest e cinco fontes de literatura cinzenta. Os softwares Rayyan e JBI SUMARI serão utilizados para a seleção dos estudos. A seleção dos títulos e resumos, leitura integral dos textos e extração de dados serão realizadas por dois revisores independentes, utilizando um instrumento elaborado e testado pelas autoras. Se necessário, um terceiro revisor será incluído. Os resultados serão apresentados em formato narrativo, diagramas ou tabelas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe instructional strategies and resources used with a multisensory approach for face-to-face teaching of undergraduate nursing students and to summarize the authors' discussions/conclusions regarding the impact of teaching with this approach on the student's learning process. METHOD: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology was used to develop this protocol and will be used to conduct and report the scoping review. There will be no restrictions on language, date, or type of publication. Sources of information will include PubMed, Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ProQuest, and five sources of grey literature. Rayyan and JBI SUMARI software are used for study selection. Title and abstract screening, full-text reading, and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers using a tool developed and tested by the authors. If necessary, a third reviewer will be involved. The results will be presented in a narrative format, graphs, or tables.

Metodologias educativas na aprendizagem de primeiros socorros em escolas: Revisão de Escopo / Educational methodologies in learning first aid in schools: scope review / Metodologías educativas en el aprendizaje de los primeros auxilios en la escuela: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: descrever as metodologias educativas e seus resultados no ensino de primeiros socorros para professores e estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Método: revisão de escopo com artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Incluíram-se artigos originais, artigos de revisão e relatos de experiência sobre metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem em primeiros socorros. A revisão abrangeu 21 estudos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Resultados: abordagens educativas tradicionais do tipo treinamento teórico-prático predominaram; entretanto, como mais efetivas, foram apontadas as metodologias que oportunizam a participação ativa dos educandos na construção dos cenários e desafios de aprendizagem. As competências para educação em primeiros socorros demandam domínio de habilidades, conhecimentos e atitudes, podendo ser desenvolvidas por leigos (professores e estudantes), desde que eles recebam o devido treinamento. Aplicação pré e pós-teste foi o recurso utilizado para aferir os resultados da relação ensino-aprendizagem, com expressiva variabilidade quanto aos critérios amostrais e temporais. Conclusão: independente da metodologia educativa e do método avaliativo utilizados, a aprendizagem de primeiros socorros nas escolas produz impacto positivo na autoeficácia das respostas às situações de emergência, tanto para estudantes quanto para professores. O ensino deve ser estimulado no ambiente escolar, de acordo com as especificidades de faixa etária e com periodicidade anual.(AU)

Objective: to describe educational methodologies and their results in teaching first aid to elementary school teachers and students. Method: scoping review with articles published in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Original articles, review articles and experience reports on teaching-learning methodologies in first aid were included. The review covered 21 studies published between 2015 and 2020. Results: traditional educational approaches of the theoretical-practical training type predominated; however, as more effective, methodologies that provide the active participation of students in the construction of learning scenarios and challenges were highlighted. Competencies for first aid education require mastery of skills, knowledge, and attitudes, and can be developed by lay people (teachers and students) if they receive the appropriate training. Pre- and post-test application was the resource used to assess the results of the teaching-learning relationship, with significant variability in terms of sampling and temporal criteria. Conclusion: regardless of the educational methodology and evaluation method used, learning first aid in schools has a positive impact on self-efficacy in responding to emergency situations, both for students and teachers. Teaching must be encouraged in the school environment, according to the specificities of the age group and on an annual basis.(AU)

Objetivo: describir metodologías educativas y sus resultados en la enseñanza de primeros auxilios a profesores y alumnos de enseñanza primaria. Método: revisión exploratoria con artículos publicados en portugués, inglés o español. Se incluyeron artículos originales, artículos de revisión e informes de experiencias sobre metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje en primeros auxilios. Resultados: la revisión abarcó 21 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2020. Predominaron los enfoques educativos tradicionales de tipo formativo teórico-práctico, sin embargo, las metodologías que brindan oportunidades para la participación activa de los estudiantes en la construcción de escenarios y desafíos de aprendizaje fueron señaladas como las más efectivas. Las competencias para la enseñanza de primeros auxilios exigen el dominio de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes, y pueden ser desarrolladas por personas legas (profesores y alumnos), siempre que estén debidamente cualificadas. La aplicación de pre y postest fue el recurso utilizado para evaluar los resultados de la relación enseñanza-aprendizaje, con variabilidad significativa en cuanto a los criterios de muestra y tiempo. Conclusión: independientemente de la metodología educativa y del método de evaluación utilizados, el aprendizaje de primeros auxilios en la escuela tiene un impacto positivo en la autoeficacia para responder a situaciones de emergencia, tanto para los alumnos como para los profesores. La enseñanza debe estimularse en el medio escolar de acuerdo con las especificidades del grupo de edad, con periodicidad anual.(AU)

Validação de tecnologia educacional para familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos elegíveis aos cuidados paliativos no domicílio / Validation of educational technology for family/caregivers of oncology patients eligible for palliative care at home / Validación de tecnología educativa para familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos elegibles para cuidados paliativos en el hogar

Objetivo: validar o conteúdo de uma cartilha para melhorar a qualidade de vida no cotidiano de familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos domiciliares. Métodos: estudo de caráter metodológico. Dados coletados de setembro de 2021 a maio de 2022. Os participantes foram 17 juízes especialistas, sendo 14 da área da saúde e 3 de outras áreas. Estudo mediado por um questionário estruturado de acordo com a escala Likert, possui itens dispostos em objetivos, estrutura, apresentação e relevância. Resultados: dos 21 itens do questionário dos juízes da área da saúde somente três resultaram em escore I (inadequado). Revela-se a tecnologia validada, pois conforme a literatura é necessário obter um índice de validação de conteúdo em pelo menos 70%, e o índice alcançado foi de 88%. Conforme as sugestões dos juízes produziu-se a versão adequação da tecnologia. Conclusão: considera-se que a cartilha está validada e com os ajustes poderá a promover o autocuidado, podendo reduzir desconhecimentos e dar mais qualidade de vida aos familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos em fim de vida.(AU)

Objective: to validate the content of a booklet to improve the quality of life in the daily lives of family members/caregivers of cancer patients in-home palliative care. Methods: this was a methodological study. Data were collected from September 2021 to May 2022. Participants were 17 experts, 14 from health care and 3 from other areas. The study was mediated by a questionnaire structured according to the Likert scale, with items arranged in objectives, structure, presentation, and relevance. Results: of the 21 items in the questionnaire of the health area experts, only three resulted in a score of I (inadequate). The technology was validated since, according to the literature, obtaining a content validation index of at least 70% is necessary, and the index achieved was 88%. According to the experts' suggestions, the appropriate technology version was produced. Conclusion: the booklet is considered validated and, with the adjustments, it may promote self-care, reducing unawareness and giving more quality of life to family members/caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life.(AU)

Objetivo: validar el contenido de un folleto para mejorar la calidad de vida en el día a día de los familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos a domicilio. Métodos: estudio metodológico. Datos recogidos desde septiembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022. Participaron 17 jueces expertos, siendo 14 del área de salud y 3 de otras áreas. El estudio estuvo mediado por un cuestionario estructurado según la escala de Likert, con elementos ordenados en objetivos, estructura, presentación y relevancia. Resultados: de los 21 elementos del cuestionario de los jueces del área de la salud sólo tres resultaron en la puntuación I (inadecuado). Se revela la tecnología validada, ya que según la bibliografía es necesario obtener un índice de validación de contenido de al menos 70%, y el índice alcanzado fue de 88%. De acuerdo con las sugerencias de los jueces, se produjo la versión adecuada de la tecnología. Conclusión: se considera que el folleto está validado y con los ajustes podrá promover el autocuidado, pudiendo reducir el desconocimiento y dar más calidad de vida a los familiares/cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer al final de la vida.(AU)

Educational Technology on Urinary Incontinence during Pregnancy: Development and Validation of an Online Course for the Brazilian Population / Tecnologia educacional sobre incontinência urinária gestacional: desenvolvimento e validação de curso on-line para o Brasil / Tecnología educativa sobre incontinencia urinaria durante el embarazo: desarrollo y validación de un curso en línea para Brasil

Objective: To describe the development and validation process of an online course on urinary incontinence during pregnancy in Brazil. Materials and methods: This methodological study followed an online course's literature search, development, and validation steps. A total of 22 specialists participated in the validation step, and the content validity index (CVI) was used. Fifty-one Physical Therapy students (target audience) also participated in the Suitability Assessment of Materials. Results: The synthesis reached in the integrative review provided the basis for the course's theoretical content, which was regarded as suitable by the specialists regarding its content, language, presentation, stimulation/motivation, and cultural adequacy (CVI = 0.99). The target audience considered the course organized, easily understandable, engaging, and motivational, with a positive response index ranging from 84.3 % to 100 %. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the online course was considered sufficiently adequate in content and interface quality by both specialists and the target audience.

Objetivo: descrever o processo de desenvolvimento e validação de um curso on-line sobre incontinência urinária gestacional no Brasil. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico que contemplou as etapas de levantamento bibliográfico, elaboração e validação de um curso on-line. A validação teve a participação de 22 especialistas e foi empregado o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). Também participaram 51 estudantes de graduação em Fisioterapia (público-alvo), considerando o Suitability Assessment of Materials. Resultados: a síntese adquirida na revisão integrativa subsidiou o conteúdo teórico do curso, considerado adequado pelos especialistas quanto ao conteúdo, à linguagem, à apresentação, à estimulação/motivação e à adequação cultural (IVC = 0,99), bem como à aparência/interface (IVC = 0,95). O público-alvo considerou o curso organizado, de fácil entendimento, atrativo e motivador, com índice de concordância em repostas positivas a variar de 84,3 % a 100 %. Conclusões: informa-se que a versão brasileira do curso on-line desenvolvido foi considerada suficientemente adequada em termos de conteúdo e qualidade da interface, tanto pelos especialistas quanto pelo público-alvo.

Objetivo: describir el proceso de desarrollo y validación de un curso en línea sobre incontinencia urinaria durante el embarazo en Brasil. Materiales y método: se trata de un estudio metodológico que contempló las etapas de recolección bibliográfica, elaboración y validación de un curso en línea. La validación contó con la participación de 22 expertos y se empleó el índice de validación de contenido (IVC). Además, participaron 51 estudiantes del pregrado en Fisioterapia (público objetivo) en la Evaluación de Idoneidad de los Materiales. Resultados: la síntesis adquirida en la revisión integrativa fundamentó el contenido teórico del curso, considerado adecuado por los expertos en cuanto al contenido, el lenguaje, la presentación, la estimulación/motivación y la adecuación cultural (IVC = 0,99), así como la apariencia/interfaz (IVC = 0,95). El público objetivo consideró el curso organizado, de fácil entendimiento, atractivo y motivador, con un índice de concordancia en respuestas positivas entre 84,3 % y 100 %. Conclusiones: la versión brasileña del curso en línea desarrollado se consideró lo suficientemente adecuada en términos de contenido y calidad de la interfaz, tanto por parte de los expertos como del público objetivo.

Designing Dietary Education Materials for People With Chronic Kidney Disease: Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Resources.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to quantify the readability, actionability, understandability, and overall quality of dietary education resources designed for patients and published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition. DESIGN AND METHODS: All patient education materials published in the "Patient Education" section of the journal from 2011 to 2021 were included. The readability, health literacy demand, and quality were evaluated using the Hemingway editor, Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index (CDC CCI) respectively. Good quality materials were those with a reading grade level of ≤8; a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool score of >70% (indicating materials were understandable and actionable), and a CDC CCI score >90%. RESULTS: A total of 42 resources were evaluated. Most materials (92%) were written at an appropriate level of readability (median grade 5, interquartile range [IQR: 5-7). The median understandability score was 71% (IQR: 60-81); however, only half (52%) of the materials met the 70% benchmark. Materials published performed poorly for actionability with the median actionability score of 37% (IQR: 20-83), and only 29% met the benchmark score. Overall quality was scored as low, with a median CDC CCI score of 65%, and only 10% of materials met the benchmark score. Areas for improvement were identified including providing a clear purpose, and summary of important points, explaining numbers and how to perform calculations, and including at least one action to take. Future efforts to improve actionability need to use the active voice, directly address readers, explain how to act, and describe the steps required. CONCLUSION: Patient education materials that are attentive to health literacy principles beyond readability may enhance patient engagement, confidence, and empowerment, and improve adherence to the kidney diet.

Health Literacy and Radiation Therapy: a Current State Assessment of Patient Education Materials.

In order to mitigate low levels of health literacy among patients, there is need to evaluate patient education (PE) materials and to ensure that the information is readily accessible to patients. The quality and comprehensiveness of radiation therapy materials were evaluated at fourteen cancer centres. To assess quality, PE leaders independently conducted readability, actionability and understandability assessments of materials. To evaluate comprehensiveness, an assessment was conducted of the scope of symptoms covered in extant materials, and the modality they were produced in (e.g. pamphlet, video). A total of 555 PE materials were reviewed for comprehensiveness and modality and seventy underwent evaluation against health literacy best practice standards. Most materials (n = 64, 91%) had a reading grade level above the recommended grade 6 ([Formula: see text] = 9, range = 4-12). Under half (n = 34, 49%) scored at or above the 80% threshold for understandability ([Formula: see text] = 74%, 33-100%) and just over half (n = 36, 51%) scored at or above the 80% target for actionability ([Formula: see text] = 71%, 33-100%). Only two cancer centres (n = 2/14, 14%) had PE materials covering the breadth of symptoms related to radiation therapy and the vast majority of materials were pamphlets (89%). Findings indicate that most radiation therapy PE materials used in cancer centres do not meet health literacy best practices, and there is a disparity between cancer centres in the topics that are available to patients and family. This evaluation highlights the need to better incorporate health literacy best practices into the development of radiation therapy PE materials and strategies to improve accessibility of such health information.

Manual sobre la estructura y desarrollo de la clase metodológica instructiva / Handbooks on the structure and development of the instructive methodological class

Fundamento: es necesario instruir a los docentes sobre la estructura y desarrollo de la clase metodológica instructiva como parte del trabajo metodológico. Objetivo: diseñar un manual para la preparación de los docentes en el desarrollo y estructura de la clase metodológica instructiva. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualicuantitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Facultad de Medicina, curso 2021-2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y recogida de la información. Los resultados de los instrumentos aplicados fueron procesados en análisis porcentuales. Se seleccionaron especialistas para la valoración del manual. Resultados: se constató en la caracterización del claustro una mayor frecuencia de docentes con 6 a 10 años de experiencia y de adquisición de los conocimientos para el desempeño de su labor a través de las preparaciones metodológicas. Predominó la categoría de profesor asistente y buen conocimiento sobre la estructura de la clase metodológica instructiva. Se diseñó un manual dirigido a instruir a los profesores en el desarrollo de la clase metodológica instructiva. Conclusiones: fue valorado con uniformidad de criterios positivos por especialistas con vasta experiencia en la docencia.

Background: it is necessary to instruct teachers on the structure and development of the instructive methodological class as part of the methodological work. Objective: to design a manual for the preparation of teachers in the development and structure of the instructive methodological class. Methods: a qualitative-quantitative research was carried out at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, academic year 2021-2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to support the research and collect information. The results of the applied instruments were processed in percentage analysis. Specialists were selected to assess the manual. Results: in the characterization of the faculty, a higher frequency of teachers with 6 to 10 years of experience and acquisition of knowledge for the performance of their work through methodological preparations was found. The rank of assistant professor and good knowledge about the structure of the instructive methodological class predominated. A manual was designed aimed at instructing teachers in the development of the instructive methodological class. Conclusions: it was evaluated with uniformity of positive criteria by specialists with vast experience in teaching.

Objetos de aprendizaje para la docencia en Estomatología en la educación a distancia / Learning objects for teaching Dentistry y in distance learning

Fundamento: la creación de potentes repositorios de objetos de aprendizaje constituye un reto para los docentes en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Objetivo: diseñar objetos de aprendizaje que integren la información necesaria sobre diferentes temas de asignaturas para estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de Estomatología en la educación a distancia. Métodos: se realizó una investigación desarrollo tecnológico en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey en el período comprendido abril-junio 2020. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos matemáticos. Se utilizó el programa eXeLearning 2.3.1 para la elaboración de los objetos de aprendizaje. Se evaluaron los productos según criterios de estudiantes y de especialistas. Resultados: se crearon objetos de aprendizaje para las asignaturas Atención Integral a la Familia II y III, Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia los que contribuyeron al desempeño académico de los estudiantes, quienes, en su mayoría, destacaron sus aspectos positivos. Conclusiones: los objetos de aprendizaje resultaron de utilidad para el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje a distancia de los estudiantes de Estomatología; contribuyeron al desarrollo de habilidades intelectuales, la motivación y la asimilación de contenidos de forma asequible. Fueron valorados por especialistas en la categoría Muy adecuados para su uso en la docencia.

Background: the creation of powerful repositories of learning objects constitutes a challenge for teachers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: to design learning objects that integrate the necessary information on different subject topics for fourth-year students of the Dentistry degree in distance learning. Methods: a technological development research was carried out at Camagüey Faculty of Dentistry of in the period from April to June 2020. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical statistical methods were used. The eXeLearning 2.3.1 program was used to create the learning objects. The products were evaluated according to the criteria of students and specialists. Results: learning objects were created for the Comprehensive Family Care II and III, Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics subjects, which contributed to the academic performance of the students, who, for the most part, highlighted their positive aspects. Conclusions: the learning objects were very useful for the distance learning teaching process of Dentistry students; they contributed to the development of intellectual abilities, motivation and the assimilation of contents in an affordable way. They were valued by specialists in the category Very suitable for use in teaching.

Multimedia de ejercicios profilácticos, terapéuticos y rehabilitadores en la superación de profesores de Educación Física / Multimedia of prophylactic, therapeutic and rehabilitative exercises in the upgrading of Physical Education teachers

Fundamento: la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, como herramienta para la confección de diferentes medios de enseñanza y aprendizaje, ha demostrado su utilidad en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes y en el desarrollo metodológico de los profesionales. Objetivo: diseñar una multimedia con ejercicios terapéuticos, profilácticos y rehabilitadores, orientada a prevenir enfermedades y a enriquecer los conocimientos de los profesores de Educación Física. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de innovación tecnológica en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre enero 2017- diciembre 2018. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: grupo nominal a profesores, y criterio de especialistas y usuarios. Se utilizaron programas informáticos para el diseño de la multimedia: WebStorm, Photoshop y Windows Office. Resultados: a partir de las necesidades de preparación metodológica de los profesionales de Educación Física, y para disponer de un novedoso recurso de aprendizaje, se diseñó una multimedia con hipervínculos hacia los contenidos en correspondencia con los objetivos del programa, vídeos, bibliografías básica y complementaria, casos problemas y ejercicios físicos y terapéuticos. Conclusiones: la multimedia diseñada resultó valorada por criterios de especialistas y usuarios, quienes emitieron opiniones favorables sobre su diseño, utilidad, facilidad de interacción y aplicabilidad.

Background: the application of the new information and communication technologies, as a tool for the preparation of different teaching and learning aids, has demonstrated its usefulness in the process of training students and in the methodological development of professionals. Objective: to design a multimedia with therapeutic, prophylactic and rehabilitative exercises, aimed at preventing diseases and enriching the knowledge of Physical Education teachers. Methods: a technological innovation research was carried out at the Faculty of dentistry of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to December 2018. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; Empirical ones: nominal group to teachers, and criteria of specialists and users. Computing programs were used for the design of the multimedia: WebStorm, Photoshop and Windows Office. Results: based on the methodological preparation needs of Physical Education professionals, and to have a new learning resource, a multimedia was designed with hyperlinks to the contents in correspondence with the objectives of the program, videos, basic and complementary bibliographies, cases problems and physical and therapeutic exercises. Conclusions: the designed multimedia was valued by the criteria of specialists and users, who issued favorable opinions about its design, usefulness, ease of interaction and applicability.

Guías didácticas para su empleo en las clases prácticas de la asignatura de Introducción a la Clínica / Didactic guides for use in practical classes of the subject Introduction to the Clinic

Fundamento: las guías didácticas facilitan el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y permiten la independencia cognitiva del estudiante. Objetivo: describir el diseño de guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo de la provincia Granma durante el curso académico 2020-2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: la revisión documental y valoración por criterio de expertos. Resultados: se diseñaron ocho guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica, estructuradas en objetivos, habilidades, contenidos, preguntas de autoevaluación y bibliografía, a fin de organizar y facilitar el trabajo independiente del estudiante. Conclusiones: se consideraron acertadas, viables y factibles de ser aplicadas, por los expertos quienes tuvieron en cuenta sus fundamentos teóricos y organizativos. Son pertinentes al potenciar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura.

Background: teaching guides facilitate the teaching-learning process and allow the student's cognitive independence. Objective: to describe the design of teaching guides for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic of the second year of the Medicine degree. Methods: a qualitative study was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo in the Granma province during the 2020-2021 academic year. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, systemic-structural; and empirical ones: documentary review and assessment by expert criteria. Results: eight teaching guides were designed for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic, structured in objectives, skills, contents, self-assessment questions and bibliography, in order to organize and facilitate the student's independent work. Conclusions: they were considered accurate, viable and feasible to be applied by the experts who took into account their theoretical and organizational foundations. They are relevant when enhancing the teaching-learning process of the subject.

B-learning: contribución al proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología / B-learning: contribution to the management process of independent work in Biological Bases of Distry

Fundamento: el b-learning aumenta la motivación de los estudiantes e incorpora las herramientas digitales al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Objetivo: determinar la contribución del b-learning al proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología. Métodos: la investigación se realizó durante el curso 2021 y corresponde a una de las acciones estratégicas específicas para el perfeccionamiento del proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción y empírico: la observación a actividades docentes. Resultados: la orientación del trabajo independiente se realizó mediante un sistema de tareas docentes integradoras, cuya solución se realizó en un ambiente de aprendizaje b-learning, apoyado en un sistema de medios de enseñanza sobre tronco encefálico, caracterizado por la integración de medios tradicionales y mapas conceptuales confeccionados aplicando las herramientas de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Se constató motivación en los estudiantes lo cual incrementó la actividad independiente e influyó en su correcta autopreparación y el buen desarrollo de la independencia cognoscitiva. Conclusiones: la aplicación del b-learning, apoyado en el sistema integrado de medios de enseñanza, mostró su eficacia al contribuir al perfeccionamiento del proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología.

Background: b-learning increases student motivation and incorporates digital tools into the teaching-learning process. Objective: determine the contribution of b-learning to the management process of independent work in the Biological Bases of dentistry discipline. Methods: the research was carried out during the 2021 academic year and corresponds to one of the specific strategic actions for the improvement of the independent work management process in the discipline Biological Bases of dentistry, in the Faculty of dentistry of the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Rio. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction and empirical: observation of teaching activities. Results: the orientation of independent work was carried out through a system of integrative teaching tasks, the solution of which was carried out in a b-learning learning environment, supported by a brainstem teaching media system, characterized by the integration of traditional media and conceptual maps made by applying the tools of information and communications technologies. Motivation was found in the students, which increased independent activity and influenced their correct self-preparation and the good development of cognitive independence. Conclusions: the application of b-learning, supported by the integrated system of teaching aids, showed its effectiveness in contributing to the improvement of the management process of independent work in the Biological Bases of Dentistry discipline.

Libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea": texto útil para la docencia en Cuba / Book "Complications after thyroid surgery": useful text to be used for teaching in Cuba

Fundamento: la tiroidectomía tiene complicaciones reportadas hasta en un 25 % de los operados, las que pueden dejar secuelas invalidantes. Objetivo: mostrar los fundamentos teóricos del libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea" como texto de aprendizaje para la superación profesional y la prevención de las complicaciones en los procesos quirúrgicos. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, entre los años 2018-2020. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico para la fundamentación teórica; y empíricos: el análisis documental para verificar los nexos y relaciones que se ofrecen en los referentes teóricos relacionados con las características que debe poseer un libro de texto como medio de enseñanza en el proceso docente educativo, su importancia, ventajas y fundamentos. Se utilizó el criterio de expertos para valorar su pertinencia, factibilidad y estructura metodológica. Resultados: se presenta un libro diseñado como recurso del aprendizaje para la superación profesional; contiene las particularidades del contenido que se desea enseñar, y lo que los médicos necesitan conocer para la prevención de las complicaciones en el operado de tiroides. Está estructurado en trece capítulos, cada uno con una breve introducción y desarrollo sobre el tema. Su significación teórica viene determinada por su contribución a la educación médica, en especial a la Cirugía General y especialidades afines. Conclusiones: se mostraron los principales fundamentos teóricos del libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea" como medio de enseñanza para la superación profesional del médico, y se resaltaron sus principales ventajas como componente didáctico del proceso docente educativo, cuyo contenido se aplica en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones.

Background: thyroidectomy complications has been reported in up to 25% of those operated on it, which can leave disabling consequences. Objective: to evidence the theoretical foundations of the book "Complications after thyroid surgery" as a learning text for professional improvement and the prevention of complications in surgical processes. Methods: From 2018 to 2020 a research with a qualitative approach was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences in Holguín. Theoretical methods were used for the theoretical foundation; and empirical methods: documentary analysis to verify the links and relationships offered in the theoretical references related to the characteristics that a textbook should have as a teaching medium to be used in the educational teaching process, its importance, advantages and foundations. Expert judgment was used to assess its relevance, feasibility and methodological structure. Results: a book designed as a learning resource for professional improvement is presented; it contains the particularities of the content to be taught, and what doctors need to know to prevent complications after thyroid surgery. This book is structured in thirteen chapters, each with a brief introduction and development about the topic. Its theoretical significance is determined by its contribution to medical education, especially General Surgery and related specialties. Conclusions: the main theoretical foundations of the book "Complications after thyroid surgery" as a teaching medium for the professional improvement of physicians were shown , and its main advantages as a didactic component of the educational teaching process, whose content is applied in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of complications, were highlighted.

O que os olhos não veem a microcirurgia ensina: modelo de treinamento oftalmológico com olho de boi / What the eye cannot see, microsurgery teaches: a model of ophthalmological training with a bull's eye

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever e validar um modelo oftalmológico para treinamento de transplante e microssutura de córnea utilizando globo ocular bovino. Métodos Para a montagem do modelo de treinamento, o globo ocular foi disposto sob o campo cirúrgico, apoiado sobre um recipiente plástico cilíndrico comum de 3,5cm de diâmetro, para a retirada da córnea. Foi realizada uma incisão circular superficial, e, posteriormente, uma tesoura Castroviejo curva de 9 cm foi utilizada para remoção completa da córnea, que foi recolocada em sua posição original, para que, em seguida, fossem confeccionados nove pontos equidistantes, usando fio de nylon 10-0. Por fim, foram avaliados os seguintes critérios: tempo de realização das suturas; evolução do tempo e da qualidade a cada teste; e destreza e aperfeiçoamento da realização das suturas. Resultados O modelo descrito demonstrou-se viável e adequado para o treinamento de microssuturas na córnea, possibilitando aperfeiçoamento e ganho de habilidades cirúrgicas. Conclusão O modelo de treinamento microcirúrgico apresentado possui alta viabilidade para a simulação de cirurgias oftalmológicas e textura semelhante à do olho humano real, o que o torna próximo à realidade.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and validate an ophthalmic model for corneal transplantation and micro suture training using a bovine eyeball as a model. Methods For the training model, the eyeball was placed under the sanitary field placed on the ends of a common 3.5cm diameter cylindrical plastic container for corneal removal. A superficial circular incision was made, then 9cm curved Castroviejo scissors were used for complete corneal removal. The cornea was replaced in its original position, and 10-0 nylon thread was used to perform the sutures, with 9 equidistant stitches. Finally, the following criteria were evaluated: suturing time, time and quality progression in each attempt, dexterity and suturing improvement. Results The described model proved to be feasible and suitable for corneal micro suture training, allowing improvement and gain of dexterity in the sport. Conclusion The presented microsurgical training model has a high feasibility for the simulation of ophthalmic surgeries, in addition to a texture similar to the real human eye, which makes it close to reality.