Análise ética dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde de crianças e adolescentes / An ethical analysis of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of children and adolescents / Análisis ético acerca dos impactos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud de niños y adolescentes

A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe impactos significativos para a vida de crianças e adolescentes em todo o mundo. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi examinar como as crianças e os adolescentes no Brasil foram impactados pela pandemia à luz de uma análise ética. Para tanto, uma análise interpretativa de estudos brasileiros sobre a saúde da criança e do adolescente durante a pandemia foi realizada. A tarefa de reconhecer essa dimensão ética é importante para entender como as respostas a situações de crise, tais como a presente situação da pandemia de COVID-19, podem ser moldadas e identificar quais as prioridades de ação de acordo com todas as partes interessadas, situando a criança entre essas partes de interesse. A análise demonstrou que tanto os efeitos diretos quanto os indiretos implicam em processos de tomada de decisão que precisam utilizar e sustentar o direito de participação da criança para que a ação tomada esteja o máximo possível focada nos melhores interesses da criança. Contudo, a realidade brasileira tem demonstrado uma exclusão estrutural das vozes infantis. Recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os melhores interesses das crianças e sua participação nas ações tomadas durante a pandemia

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and adolescents around the world. This article aims to examine how the pandemic has impacted children and adolescents in Brazil using an ethical analysis. An interpretive analysis of Brazilian studies on child and adolescent health during the pandemic was conducted. The task of recognizing this ethical dimension is important to understand how responses to crisis situations, such as the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, can be shaped and where are the priorities for action according to all stakeholders, situating the child between these parts of interest. Our analysis highlighted both direct and indirect effects surrounding the decision-making processes for children in the COVID-19 pandemic reality. These decisional processes must sustain the child's right to participation to ascertain that the action taken is in the child's best interests. However, Brazilian reality has shown a structural exclusion of children's voices in decisions that affect them, particularly related to the effects of the pandemics in their lives. More studies must be conducted to deepen the knowledge about children's best interests and their participation in actions planning during the pandemic

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado las vidas de niños y adolescentes de todo el mundo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar cómo la pandemia ha afectado a los niños y adolescentes en Brasil mediante un análisis ético. Se realizó un análisis interpretativo de los estudios brasileños sobre salud del niño y del adolescente durante la pandemia. La tarea de reconocer esta dimensión ética es importante para entender cómo las respuestas a situaciones de crisis, como la situación actual de la pandemia COVID-19, pueden configurarse y dónde están las prioridades de acción según todos los actores, situando al niño entre estas partes. de interés. Estos procesos de decisión deben sustentar el derecho del niño a la participación para asegurarse de que las medidas tomadas respondan al interés superior del niño. Sin embargo, la realidad brasileña ha mostrado una exclusión estructural de las voces de los niños en las decisiones que los afectan, particularmente en relación con los efectos de las pandemias en sus vidas. Se deben realizar más estudios para profundizar el conocimiento sobre el interés superior de los niños y su participación en la planificación de acciones durante la pandemia

Medical Marijuana for Minors May Be Considered Child Abuse.

The Food and Drug Administration categorizes marijuana (cannabis) as a Schedule I drug, meaning that it has no currently accepted medical use, a high potential for abuse, and no good data on safety. Other Schedule I drugs are heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide, peyote, methaqualone, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"). The authors of some studies have shown that marijuana can reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, can improve food intake in patients with HIV, can reduce neuropathic pain, and may slow the growth of cancer cells. In many states, marijuana use is illegal. No state has approved its use for children. What, then, should doctors do if they become aware that parents are using marijuana to treat medical conditions in their children? What if the children have adverse reactions to the marijuana? In this Ethics Rounds, we present such a case and ask experts in child protection and child abuse to discuss the appropriate response.

El maltrato infantil desde la bioética: el sistema de salud y su labor asistencial ante el maltrato infantil, ¿qué hacer? / Child abuse from bioethics perspective: the health system and its work in child abuse: what to do?

The bioethics thoughts of this article are guided to Child Abuse in general, not only to severe abuse and sexual abuse; it is directed to the most frequent form of abuse that occurs inside the family. In the first part of this article, an analysis of facts is performed, checking over epidemiologic and clinical relevant information of child abuse. In the second part, the analysis is based on values, difficulties in defining child abuse and the reasons why it should be managed as a health problem. In the last part, the discussion is maintained from an ethics perspective, regarding the problems in the attention of abused children and their families. The committee of child abuse presents a proposal for organization of health work in this subject.

La reflexión bioética de este artículo está orientada al Maltrato Infantil (MI) en general, abarcando lo que es común a todas las formas y no en particular al maltrato severo y al abuso sexual. Por ser lo más frecuente, nos orientamos al maltrato que se produce en el medio intrafamiliar. En la primera parte de este artículo se hará un análisis de hechos, revisando la información epidemiológica y de relevancia clínica en el MI. En la segunda parte, se hace un análisis valórico sobre las dificultades de definir el MI y sobre los fundamentos para tratarlo como un problema de salud. En la tercera parte, se discute desde una perspectiva ética, los dilemas que surgen en la atención de los niños maltratados y sus familias. Finalmente se presenta una propuesta, una visión que tiene el comité de maltrato para organizar la labor asistencial de salud.

Síndrome de alienação parental / Parental alienation syndrome

Objetivo: destacar a importância da síndrome de alienação parental sob o enfoque da Ciência Jurídica. Aspectos abordados: 1. conceito; 2. causas determinantes do processo de alienação: 3. graus e extensão da alienação; 4. meios para obter a alienação parental; 5. elementos de identificação...

Index of suspicion: feeling not believing.

Throughout the U.S., state laws require professionals who work with children to report cases of suspected child abuse to child protection services. Both practically and conceptually, however, significant problems arise from a lack of clarity regarding the threshold that has been set for reporting. Specifically, there is no consensus as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion, and little direction for how mandated reporters should gauge their legal and professional responsibilities when they harbor suspicion. In this paper we outline the context of the problem, discuss the nature and scope of its conceptual underpinnings, and offer recommendations for moving towards a concrete, practical solution.

Análisis de la situación de los derechos de los niños hospitalizados / Analysis of the situation of the rights of hospitalized children

Investigación por demanda dentro de la línea de salud pública que tuvo como objetivo general, establecer hasta qué punto los derechos de los niños han penetrado realmente el ambiente hospitalario para reflejarse en la disposición y diseño de los espacios físicos, en el trato humano, en las actitudes de los funcionarios y usuarios de los servicios, en los procesos de comunicación e información y, en general, en las distintas iniciativas que se emprenden con el fin de mejorar la calidad de los servicios hospitalarios. Entre noviembre de 1997 y febrero de 1998, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud y "Defensa de los Niños Internacional, DNI- Colombia", estuvieron comprometidos en la realización de un estudio sobre la vigencia de los derechos de los niños en los departamentos de pediatría de los hospitales de segundo y tercer nivel adscritos a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. El interés por realizar la investigación surgió del conocimiento sobre los electos emocionales negativos que la hospitalización puede tener en los niños y sus familias, si no se introducen medidas especiales para humanizar la atención que se les brinda. El marco de referencia de este trabajo fue la Convención internacional de los derechos del niño que es el tratado internacional más significativo que se haya elaborado con el objetivo de aunar esfuerzos en la búsqueda de mejores condiciones de vida y bienestar para los niños y las niñas del mundo. En ella se encuentra implícita toda una ética basada en el reconocimiento del niño como ser humano con necesidades propias determinadas por el momento específico de su desarrollo y como sujeto activo y participante en la realización de sus derechos.

The general objective of this public health research was to establish to what extent children's rights have really penetrated the hospital environment to be reflected in the layout and design of physical spaces, in human treatment, in the attitudes of officials and users of services, in communication and information processes and, in general, in the different initiatives undertaken to improve the quality of hospital services. Between November 1997 and February 1998, the District Health Secretariat and "Defensa de los Niños Internacional, DNI-Colombia" were engaged in conducting a study on the enforcement of children's rights in the pediatric departments of the second and third level hospitals attached to the District Health Secretariat. The interest in conducting the research arose from the knowledge of the negative emotional effects that hospitalization can have on children and their families, if special measures are not introduced to humanize the care provided to them. The frame of reference for this work was the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the most significant international treaty ever drafted with the aim of joining efforts in the search for better living conditions and well-being for the world's children. Implicit in it is a whole ethic based on the recognition of the child as a human being with his or her own needs determined by the specific moment of his or her development and as an active subject and participant in the realization of his or her rights.