Understanding Breast Cancer Images in Art History as a Form of Health Communication.

Can art and visual images meant for public consumption (museums, galleries, social media platforms) serve as a critical form of health communication for breast cancer patients? For their clinicians? For the population at large? Art history research methods are applied to a range of breast cancer images in western art in order to understand what the images communicate to us about patient experience, agency, and inequity in health care at the time of their construction. The following is a selective look at western art as it reflects and informs our understanding of breast cancer over time.

Craniofacial Features of Dwarfism in the Paintings of Velázquez.

This study describes the craniofacial features of achondroplastic dwarfism in the paintings of Velázquez. In a PubMed search, using [Velázquez] and [dwarf], 13 titles were found. In a Google Image search, [Velázquez] and [dwarf] retrieved 5 paintings. The craniofacial manifestations of the dwarfs depicted in the paintings were analyzed. Frontal bossing, antimongoloid slant, depressed nasal bridge (saddle nose), bulbous tip, malar hypoplasia, malocclusion, and chin asymmetry were observed. The presence of each manifestation was checked. In 5 paintings, portraits of 6 dwarfs having craniofacial deformities were found: Mariabárbola Asquin (left) in Las Meninas , Nicolasito Pertusato (right) in Las Meninas , Portrait of Sebastián de Morra, Portrait of Francisco Lezcano, The Jester Don Diego de Acedo, and Prince Balthasar Charles with a Dwarf. The most frequent craniofacial manifestation was malar hypoplasia (100%), followed by a bulbous tip (83.3%), saddle nose (66.7%), and frontal bossing (50%). Antimongoloid slant, malocclusion, and chin asymmetry were relatively rare (16.7% each). Through an analysis of 6 dwarfs in Velázquez's paintings, we can show that he realized and frequently expressed the craniofacial manifestations of achondroplasia: malar hypoplasia, bulbous tip, saddle nose, and frontal bossing. Despite the rarity of these presentations, he was also aware of antimongoloid slant, malocclusion, and chin asymmetry. Velázquez was a famous painter in the 17th century (i.e., during the Baroque period). Based on his excellent expression of the craniofacial manifestations of dwarfism, we can assume that he had a sound knowledge of anatomy, as well as malformations.

Ciência da palhaçaria: estudos teóricos e práticas em saúde mental / Science of clowning: theoretical and practical studies in mental health/

O livro Ciência da Palhaçaria: estudos teóricos e práticas em saúde mental aborda no campo da saúde possibilidades de pensar cientificamente a arteterapia, principalmente da palhaçaria. O nariz vermelho do palhaço simboliza o potencial aplicado da arte na saúde mental. Deste modo, apresentamos vários trabalho sob a luz da ciência, para que mais pessoas pudessem conhecer essa experiência e receber este cuidado em saúde como fundamentação para novas práticas.

Sistema de actividades sobre dibujo anatómico para el desarrollo de habilidades en estudiantes de Estomatología / System of activities on anatomical drawing for the development of skills in dentistry students

Fundamento: el dibujo anatómico desde la propia clase aporta a los estudiantes de Estomatología mayor destreza manual, ligereza psicomotora y mejor percepción estética, lo cual responde a su formación profesional. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de actividades de dibujo anatómico para el desarrollo de habilidades manuales e intelectuales en los estudiantes de Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología entre enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2020. El diseño metodológico se desarrolló en tres etapas: diagnóstica, de diseño y valoración, y de implementación y evaluación. Se emplearon los métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: análisis documental, cuestionario y entrevista; y estadísticos-matemáticos: la estadística descriptiva para la elaboración de tablas y gráficos, así como el análisis porcentual para el procesamiento de los datos obtenidos en el diagnóstico y en la valoración ofrecida por los especialistas. Resultados: se realizó un estudio diagnóstico, el cual determinó que existían dificultades en el desarrollo de habilidades manuales e intelectuales en los estudiantes de Estomatología, sobre cuya base se diseñó un sistema de actividades que se implementó mediante un curso electivo y en algunos temas de la disciplina. Conclusiones: se diseñó un sistema de actividades de dibujo anatómico que contribuyó al desarrollo de habilidades manuales e intelectuales en los estudiantes de Estomatología para dar solución a problemas vinculados a la actividad profesional y la vida diaria. Fue valorado por especialistas como una respuesta acertada al problema investigado, a partir de la novedad y el nivel científico.

Background: anatomical drawing from the class itself provides Dentistry students with greater manual dexterity, psychomotor lightness and better aesthetic perception, which responds to their professional training. Objective: to design a system of anatomical drawing activities for the development of manual and intellectual skills in Dentistry students. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Faculty of Dentistry from January 2018 to December 2020. The methodological design was developed in three stages: diagnostic, design and assessment, and implementation and evaluation. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; empirical ones: documentary analysis, questionnaire and interview; and statistical-mathematical ones: descriptive statistics for the preparation of tables and graphs, as well as percentage analysis for processing the data obtained in the diagnosis and in the assessment offered by specialists. Results: a diagnostic study was carried out, which determined that there were difficulties in the development of manual and intellectual skills in Dentistry students, on the basis of which a system of activities was designed, that was implemented through an elective course and in some topics of the discipline. Conclusions: a system of anatomical drawing activities was designed that contributed to the development of manual and intellectual skills in dentistry students to solve problems related to professional activity and daily life. It was valued by specialists as a correct response to the investigated problem, based on its novelty and scientific level.

Goiter in a fresco by i Fiammenghini, 1615 (Abbey of Santa Maria di Rovegnano, Chiaravalle, Italy).

In a large fresco, which narrates brutal episodes of torture against Cirtercian monks, in the right corner of the background an ugly aggressor with a huge goiter, symbol of evil and sin, attacks a monk with a sword.

Goiter in a fresco by simone peterzano, master of caravaggio (1578-1582, Garegnano Charterhouse, Milan).

Simone Peterzano mostly known as the master of Caravaggio executed frescoes in the presbytery of Garegnano Charterhouse. One fresco details a shepherd with a goiter.

Art and anatomy in the renaissance: are the lessons still relevant today.

This review discusses how renaissance artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo had to undertake anatomical studies of human cadavers in order to understand the anatomy that then informed their artworks, whether they were drawings, paintings or sculpture. Around this time, anatomists, such as Vesalius and Estienne, had to in part become artists or engage with artists and artisans to illustrate their many discoveries. This review tries to portray how this was occurring in a period in history not only when there was a shift-taking place in philosophical and theological thinking about the human condition but also when there was a concurrent revolution in the visual language with the advent of print reproduction. This allowed the creation of essentially the first medical texts, and the wide dissemination of newly acquired knowledge for the advancement of surgery and medicine henceforth. A classic example of where this did not align is Leonardo de Vinci many of whose original works were hidden for 150-400 years. This review also describes how learning anatomy and artistic endeavours still have a mutually beneficial relationship in the modern world-a second 'Renaissance'. Examples are given such as body painting, exposure of art students human cadavers resources and lastly there is consideration of how modern anatomy relies on many new technologies that allow students and practitioners to 'dissect' in a virtual sense and with the advent of a new visual language, that is, 3D printing, to create novel artforms of educational significance.

Differential diagnosis of a thyroid mass, facial malar rash and ptosis on the flora in the primavera by Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510).

PURPOSE: The Primavera is considered amongst the greatest and controversial artistic masterpieces worldwide painted by renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli. The aim was to identify any underlying medical foundations for the painting. METHODS: Observational study. RESULTS: The painting reveals, a 'butterfly' malar rash, bilateral ptosis and a clear neck swelling consistent with a goitre in the figure of Flora. This could be explained by concomitant Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus, or other presentations of multiple autoimmune syndrome. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the likely presentation of the earliest pictorial depictions of thyroid disease with systemic lupus erythematosus and emphasize the exactitude of depiction demonstrated by Botticelli in renaissance era.

Teatro em cena no processo ensino-aprendizagem para abordagem da violência contra mulheres: relato de experiência / Teatro enes cenaen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para abordar la violencia contra las mujeres: relato de experiencia / Theater on the scene in the teaching-learning process to approach violence against women: experience report

RESUMO Objetivo relatar a construção, organização e apresentação de peça teatral com abordagem acerca da violência contra mulheres. Método trata-se de relato de experiência acerca da utilização do teatro no processo ensino-aprendizagem para abordagem da violência contra mulheres. A atividade foi desenvolvida nos meses de abril a novembro de 2019, sendo elaborada em três etapas: (1) Construção do roteiro; (2) Ensaios e organização e (3) Apresentação. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise categorial temática e apresentados de forma descritiva, emergindo quatro categorias temáticas e seis subcategorias, discutindo-os conforme a literatura pertinente. Resultados evidencia-se a importância de utilização dessa tecnologia educativa para favorecer o processo ensino-aprendizagem, desde a construção até a apresentação da peça, possibilitando, aos graduandos, estímulo à criatividade, fortalecimento das relações sociais, criticidade, respeito e a capacidade de pactuação ao oportunizar o desenvolvimento de competências imprescindíveis para o exercício profissional, convivência coletiva e trabalho transdisciplinar. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a vivência foi considerada exitosa, pois constitui estratégia educativa que possibilitou, aos graduandos, desenvolvimento de aptidões cruciais para o reconhecimento e a assistência às mulheres em situação de violência.

RESUMEN Objetivo relatar la construcción, organización y presentación de una obra de teatro con abordaje de la violencia contra la mujer. Método se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre el uso del teatro en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para abordar la violencia contra la mujer. La actividad se desarrolló de abril a noviembre de 2019, siendo elaborada en tres etapas: (1) Construcción del guion; (2) Ensayos y organización y (3) Presentación. Los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis categórico temático y presentados de forma descriptiva, surgiendo cuatro categorías temáticas y seis subcategorías, discutiéndolas de acuerdo con la literatura relevante. Resultados se evidencia la importancia del uso de esta tecnología educativa para favorecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, desde la construcción hasta la presentación de la obra, capacitando a los estudiantes para estimular la creatividad, fortaleciendo las relaciones sociales, la criticidad, el respeto y la capacidad de acuerdo al brindar oportunidades para el desarrollo de competencias esenciales para el ejercicio profesional, la convivencia colectiva y el trabajo transdisciplinario. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la experiencia se consideró exitosa, ya que constituye una estrategia educativa que permitió, a los estudiantes de grado, desarrollar habilidades cruciales para reconocer y ayudar a las mujeres en situación de violencia.

ABSTRACT Objective Report the construction, organization and presentation of a play with an approach to violence against womens. Method This is an experience report about the use of theater in the teaching-learning process to approach violence against womens. The activity was developed from April to November 2019, being elaborated in three stages: (1) Construction of the script; (2) Essays and organization and (3) Presentation. Data were analyzed through thematic categorical analysis, presented in a descriptive way, emerging four thematic categories and six subcategories, discussing them according to the relevant literature. Results It highlights the importance of using this educational technology to favor the teaching-learning process, from the construction to the presentation of the play, enabling undergraduates encouragement to creativity, strengthening of social relations, criticality, respect and the capacity for agreement, by providing opportunities for the development of essential skills for professional practice, collective coexistence and transdisciplinary work. Conclusionan and implications for practice The experience was considered successful, as it constituted an educational strategy that enabled undergraduates to develop crucial skills for recognizing and assisting to women in situations of violence.

La Digitalis. Una planta ligada al arte / Digitalis. A plant linked to art

Resumen La Digitalis purpúrea ha sido utilizada por sus propiedades terapéuticas desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Su difundido uso, tanto como la diversidad de indicaciones que tuvo, permitió que también se conociese desde antaño los riesgos a la salud para quien recibiese una dosis excesiva. La toxicología actual conoce y maneja perfectamente la intoxicación digitálica, sin embargo, muchas historias relacionadas con su uso son poco conocidas. Se presentan algunas de estas historias, muchas de ellas relacionadas con el mundo del arte.

Abstract Digitalis purpurea has been used because of its therapeutic properties since ancient times up to our days. Its wide- spread use as well as the variety of indications that it covered allowed to know the risks for health in case of overdose. Present toxicology is aware and knows perfectly well how to treat digitalic poisoning. However, many stories about digitalis are little known. Here, we show you some of them, specially the ones related with arts.

The portrayal of people with dwarfism in Chinese art.

Dwarfism has been depicted in various Chinese art forms including literature, sculpture, and painting. This article examines several representative Chinese works of art from different ages of Chinese history, in order to glimpse the living situations of people with dwarfism, their professions and social status, as well as the social attitude toward them in China. We highlight "" (Shan Hai Jing, translated as the Classic of Mountains and Seas), a remarkable collection of myths and illustrations which documented the existence of dwarf communities where the residents were capable of producing high-quality grains. Representations from sculptures and paintings frequently captured the images of individuals with dwarfism in royal courts, which showed their remarkable performance skills and social ability. There are also works of art associating dwarfism with rituals. In addition to portraying ordinary individuals with humble social status, there was one particular individual with dwarfism named Yan Zi () who was highly regarded as a figure of wisdom. Throughout the long Chinese history, dwarfism had been portrayed in art as either positive, neutral or derogatory, which reflected the fact that people with dwarfism, while short in stature, are usually intellectually normal, generally skillful, and often talented, in short, like the general population.