Maggots Around Colostomy Site: A Case Report.

Myiasis is a skin infection caused by developing larvae (maggots) of various Diptera fly species. The two most frequent flies that cause human infestations around the world are Dermatobia hominis (human botfly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly). Maggots have been found to infest the nose, ear, orbit, tracheostomy wound, face, gums, and serous cavities, among other places. Maggots at the colostomy site are an uncommon occurrence. We report a case of maggots infestation surrounding the colostomy site. We came across a rather rare finding in a patient with advanced inoperable rectum cancer who initially complained of persistent nonspecific pain, discomfort, and foul-smelling discharge from the colostomy site. The issue at hand was identified to be maggots, and their removal alleviated the patient's symptoms. We underline the importance of regularly monitoring stoma sites to avoid maggot infestation, especially in tropical regions.

Myiasis in Neglected Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Review of Management and Current Protocol Recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a first-aid management protocol for myiasis in neglected cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the ED based on a recent literature review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed. STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria were all series and case reports of primary/secondary cutaneous SCC with myiasis of the head and neck, including orbital SCC cases, published after 2005. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 14 articles including 15 patients were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Demographics, socioeconomic situation, site of the lesion, larvae species with bacterial suprainfection, and first-aid treatment options were discussed. Two representative cases are described. CONCLUSIONS: Large, ulcerated, necrotic, myiasis-burdened SCC lesions in the head and neck area present a challenge for treatment, and to date, no consensus regarding first-aid management exists. The authors' proposed four-pillar first-aid management scheme may be a valid option to rapidly improve wound condition through disinfection, pain relief, and malodor and discharge eradication as a bridge to surgery.

Miasis por Cochliomyia hominivorax en la Argentina / Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Argentina

Miasis es la infestación de humanos y animales por larvas de dípteros ciclorrafos con invasión y destrucción tisular. Cochliomyia hominivorax es responsable del 80% de las miasis en la Argentina. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico etiológico específico debido a la agresividad de las larvas de esta especie, las que pueden provocar cuadros clínicos graves. Presentamos cuatro casos de miasis por C. hominivorax. Dos de los pacientes residían en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y trabajan en zona rural, y los otros dos residían en el Gran Buenos Aires.

Miasis is the infestation of man and animals by larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Cyclorrapha. Eighty percent of miasis in Argentina is caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax, a species that induces pronounced tissue invasion and destruction, and results in severe clinical forms. Because of the aggressiveness of its larvae, it is important to reach a specific etiological diagnosis. We present four cases of miasis by C. hominivorax in two patients living in the city of Buenos Aires but working in a rural area and two patients living in the Greater Buenos Aires.

Intratracheal myiasis followed by tracheal-esophageal fistula: report of a rare case and literature review.

BACKGROUND: To enhance awareness of the clinical features and prevention of endotracheal myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION: A case of intratracheal myiasis is reported. A 61-year-old male patient with a history of laryngectomy was admitted to hospital due to tracheostomal hemorrhage of 3 h duration. Intratracheal myiasis was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the patient underwent bronchoscopic intervention, which was complicated by a tracheal-esophageal fistula and resolved by endotracheal stenting. Twenty months after stent placement, the fistula had not healed. CONCLUSION: Intratracheal myiasis has serious complications and is difficult to treat. For post-tracheostomy patients, healthcare providers and caregivers should pay attention to the care and monitoring of wounds and maintenance of a tidy, clean living environment to prevent intratracheal myiasis.

Otomyiasis: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Myiasis is a disease causedby fly larvae that growinthetissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever andmalaise.Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no publishedmanagement protocols. Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities. Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged fromnewborn to 65 years old. Themost common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed. Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches. (AU)

Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing. Case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Myiasis is caused by larval infestation that usually occurs in exposed wounds. Dermatobia hominis is the most common fly species responsible for this parasitic infection. Genital piercing is an ornamental practice used in certain social circles. At placement, it transverses the skin surface and, as such, may be related to complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of wound infection secondary to genital piercing who was exposed to an environment with flies, leading to myiasis. Mechanical removal and systemic antiparasitic drugs are possible treatments for myiasis. However, prevention that includes wound cleaning and dressing is the best way to avoid this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital piercing can lead to potential complications and myiasis may occur when skin lesions are not properly treated.

A New Zealand case of nasal myiasis involving Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

A case of nasal myiasis that occurred in February 2017 in the Northland region was the first involving L. cuprina naturally-acquired in New Zealand.

Myiasis in patients with head and neck cancer: Seldom described but commonly seen.

Human myiasis is a parasitosis usually found in tropical and underdeveloped countries. It usually affects ulcerated lesions or devitalized tissues, developing after deposition of dipterous eggs. Patients with head and neck cancer are at risk to develop secondary myiasis. A representative percentage of those patients manifest with neglected and advanced tumors, usually in exposed areas and with necrotic tissues. Few case reports and small series constitute the available information about this parasitosis. Most studies have been conducted in patients with skin carcinomas, although myiasis has already been described in association with other head and neck malignancies. The authors present a series of 12 cases of myiasis secondary to head and neck cancer in addition to a literature review.

Serie parasitosis en dermatología. Miasis: diferentes formas de presentación clínica / Parasitic series in dermatology. Myiasis: different forms of clinical presentation

La miasis es una infestación por larvas en desarrollo de una gran variedad de moscas del orden Díptera. Según el sitio de invasión, se clasifica en miasis cavitarias, que pueden deberse a invasión de cavidades naturales o de heridas, y miasis forunculoide, cuando atraviesa piel indemne. Esta infestación presenta una distribución mundial, con variaciones estacionales en relación con la latitud geográfica y el ciclo de vida de distintas especies de moscas. Presentamos una serie de tres casos de pacientes con distintas formas clínicas de manifestación de miasis. (AU)

Myiasis is the tissue infestation by a variety of Diptera order larvae flies. According to the invasion site, they are classified in myiasis of cavities, which can be because of an invasion of natural cavities or wounds, and furuncular myiasis, when they invade through intact skin. This infestation has a worldwide distribution, with seasonal variations in relation to the geographic latitude and the life cycle of different species of flies. We present three cases of patients with different clinical forms of presentation of myiasis. (AU)

Furuncular myiasis in 2 American travelers returning from Senegal.

Furuncular myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae is commonly seen in Africa but rarely is diagnosed in travelers returning from the sub-Saharan region. We report 2 cases of furuncular myiasis due to Cordylobia species in adolescent American travelers returning from Senegal.

Miíase nasal secundária a carcinoma escamocelular: relato de caso / Nasal Myiasis Secondary to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report

Introdução: A infestação de larvas de dípteros, conhecida como miíase, é uma dermatose comum em países tropicais esubtropicais e tem como fator predisponente lesões malignas em pele. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de miíase nasal, secundária a um carcinoma escamocelular, diagnosticado no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública/Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Bahia. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino, 49 anos, leucoderma, apresentou lesão ulcerativa com perda de substância cutânea e cartilaginosa em região de dorso e ápice nasal, além de exposição de cartilagem e ossos nasais. A lesão apresentava bordos necróticos, evertidos,endurecidos, avermelhados e possuía infestação de larvas de dípteros. Após o tratamento combinado de remoçãomecânica associada ao uso de ivermectina 12mg/dia, foi realizada uma biópsia incisional dos bordos granulomatosos da lesão que apresentou laudo histopatológico conclusivo para carcinoma escamocelular bem diferenciado. Conclusão: O tratamento proposto para erradicar as larvas mostrou-se eficaz no caso descrito, a realização de uma biópsia incisional para confirmação da suspeita de lesão maligna no momento da abordagem cirúrgica do paciente foi de extrema importância para se estabelecer um correto diagnóstico e encaminhamento do paciente

Intranasal myiasis: a rare complication of transnasal skull base surgery.

A 57-year-old woman with a history of atypical intracranial meningioma had undergone multiple craniotomies and endoscopic skull base procedures over several years. She presented most recently with nasal discharge consisting of intranasal larvae. Isolated organisms from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus were identified as blow fly larvae (Calliphoridae family). The patient was treated with transnasal debridement and antibiotic therapy. The organisms were successfully eradicated and she is free from further signs of infection. Intranasal myiasis is an unusual complication of anterior skull base surgery.

Miasis oral: reporte de un caso clínico / Oral myiasis: report of a clinical case

La miasis (del griego myia, mosca) es la infestación de tejido vivo o necrótico de humanos y otros vertebrados, por larvas de distintos géneros. La especie involucrada más común en nuestro país es la Dermatobia hominis, un díptero que se caracteriza por ser una mosca grande de 1,5 a 1,8 cm. de longitud, con el tórax negro-azulado, abdomen de contorno romboidal de color azul violáceo con reflejos metálicos, cabeza y patas amarillentas. Las formas adultas del parásito no se alimentan, viven pocos días y son zumbadoras; tienen sus órganos bucales atrofiados y por lo tanto son incapaces de morder y picar. De estas características se desprende que los adultos son de vida libre y sólo las larvas tienen la capacidad de provocar la enfermedad. Las larvas son parásitos obligados biontófagos, es decir, se alimentan de tejidos vivos, poseen un tamaño de 2.5 a 3 cm de largo y en su superficie presentan prolongaciones espinosas que le permiten adherirse a los tejidos. El ciclo biológico comienza cuando la hembra se adhiere a un huésped intermediaron, usualmente artrópodos hematófagos (mosquito), depositando sobre el abdomen de los mismos sus huevos, el mosquito al picar al hospedador (aves o mamíferos) los deja caer. Una hembra adulta puede depositar de 15 a 30 huevos por vez y entre 100 y 400 a lo largo de su vida. Los huevos una vez localizados sobre la piel sana, se transforman en larvas, las cuales tienen la capacidad de atravesar el tejido sano, pasar al tejido subcutáneo y migrar hacia otras regiones más profundas, labrando túneles o cavernas. Esta migración lleva un período de 10 días, período en el cual la larva evoluciona de estadío y la parasitosis se puede agravar al aparecer infecciones cutáneas secundarias. Cuando la larva adulta sale del hospedador, cae al suelo, se entierra a unos 5 o 6 cm de profundidad, transformándose en pupa o crisálida. Así puede permanecer entre 20 y 60 días, dependiendo de los factores climáticos, hasta emerger en su forma adulta.

Nosocomial nasal myiasis in an intubated patient.

We report a case of nasal myiasis caused by Sarcophaga spp., noted during hospitalization. A 74-year-old man was admitted with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The patient underwent coronary arterial bypass surgery and was then mechanically ventilated by means of a nasotracheal tube for the next 8 days. After extubation, a total of seven maggots were retrieved from both nostrils. The larvae were removed and reared to mature flies, which were identified as Sarcophaga peregrina. From the clinical course and the fly's life cycle, it was concluded that the infestation was hospital-acquired.

Miasis en cavidad bucal / Oral cavity myiasis

Miasis deriva del griego myia: mosca. Son afecciones causadas por la presencia de larvas de moscas en los órganos y tejidos humanos o de otros animales, donde evolucionan como parásitos. Son atraídas por secreciones y olores, de positan sus huevos en el borde de las heridas, los orificios naturales y sobre la superficie cutánea con sangre coagulada y costras secas. Puede ser u na enfermedad benigna, leve o grave e incluso cursar en forma asintomática. La mortalidad es inferior al 10 por ciento y generalmente se asocia con lesiones cerebrales o de otras partes del sistema nervioso. El diagnóstico se basa en el examen clínico mediante la visualización de la larva. El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de miasis en la cavidad bucal y transmitir al odontólogo los conocimientos básicos de esta parasitosis.

Massive scalp myiasis with bleeding in a patient with multiple malignancies.

Most cases of myiasis in association with cancer are reported in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. They are not emergencies. We report a case of massive myiasis of the scalp with bleeding in a patient with an ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp, haematological and colorectal malignancies. Treatment of myiasis is based on local disinfection and mechanical removal of larvae. Other options of treatment are discussed.