RESUMO
This study aimed to develop a prototype mobile application to enhance fetal dosimetry among pregnant radiographers in #### through a design thinking approach. Eleven participants were recruited to engage in a participatory design workshop, which encompassed five stages: Empathise, Ideate, Define, Prototype and Test. The participants were divided into two teams. Qualitative datasets from the workshop included field notes and FIGMA screens. The data were analysed through thematic analysis, from which three major themes emerged: (1) Unsafe working environments for pregnant radiographers, (2) The need for enhanced fetal radiation dose monitoring by pregnant radiographers as an occupational health and safety requirement, and (3) Co-designing of the prototype mobile application, PregiDose. The participants contributed towards a prototype mobile application which addressed challenges experienced in the real-life setting. Hence, the prototype can be used as an effective framework by which to guide the development of the final artefact.
Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Doses de Radiação , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Aplicativos Móveis/normas , Aplicativos Móveis/tendências , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
A dosimeter should ideally be calibrated in a reference field with similar energy and doserate to that which the dosimeter is being used to measure. Environments around nuclear reactors and radiation therapy facilities have high-energy photons with energies exceeding that of60Co gamma rays, and controlling exposure to these photons is important. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency and National Metrology Institute of Japan have high-energy reference fields with energies above several megaelectronvolts for different types of accelerators. Their reference fields have different fluence-energy distributions. In this study, the energy dependencies of the two-cavity ionization chambers, which are often used by secondary standard laboratories, were experimentally and computationally evaluated for each high-energy field. These results agreed well within the relative expanded uncertainties (k= 2), and their capabilities for air kerma measurements in each high-energy reference field were confirmed. Therefore, the capabilities of the air-kerma measurements were verified in the two high-energy reference fields.
Assuntos
Fótons , Proteção Radiológica , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Japão , Radiometria , Doses de Radiação , Calibragem , Dosímetros de Radiação , Desenho de Equipamento , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Radiopharmacy staff members are subject to extremity radiation doses, particularly to the fingertips. Dosemeters, such as, thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) are currently used for monitoring fingertip doses. This study aimed to use real-time dosemeters to monitor radiopharmacy extremity doses to identify specific procedural steps associated with higher fingertip doses and, subsequently, reduce dose through promotion of optimised radiation protection practises. Five radiopharmacy operators were monitored using an ED3 active extremity dosemeter with a detector attached to each tip of the index fingers. Dose rate and accumulated dose data were matched to the handled radioactivity data, of99mTc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals only, with the dose per activity (µSv MBq-1) calculated for each step. Once baseline dose data was established, an educational session identified technique adjustments toward improved radiation protection. A subsequent monitored session was undertaken with the dose data compared to quantify changes in operator doses. Radiopharmacy steps which significantly contributed to extremity doses were identified. The average accumulated dose per activity across all procedural steps for the99mTc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals for all operators before the educational session was 0.042 ± 0.045µSv MBq-1and 0.042 ± 0.041µSv MBq-1(n= 89) for non-dominant and dominant index fingertips, respectively, and 0.030 ± 0.044µSv MBq-1and 0.031 ± 0.032µSv MBq-1(n= 97), respectively, afterwards. Overall, there was an average 40.7% reduction in the total extremity dose received after the educational session. Real-time electronic extremity dosemeters for monitoring radiopharmacy extremity dose presented as a useful tool for incorporation into radiation protection education and training, towards optimised radiopharmacy technique.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Doses de Radiação , Dosímetros de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/análise , Dedos/efeitos da radiação , Dosimetria TermoluminescenteRESUMO
Radon is a naturally occurring noble radioactive gas that poses significant health risks, particularly lung cancer, due to its colorless, odorless, and tasteless nature, which makes detection challenging without formal testing. It is found in soil, rock, and water, and it infiltrates indoor environments, necessitating regulatory standards and guidelines from organizations such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health Organization, and the Occupational Health and Safety Agency to mitigate exposure. In this paper, we present various methods and instruments for radon assessment in occupational and environmental settings. Discussion on long- and short-term monitoring, including grab sampling, radon dosimetry, and continuous real-time monitoring, is provided. The comparative analysis of detection techniques-active versus passive-is highlighted from real-time data and long-term exposure assessment, including advances in sensor technology, data processing, and public awareness, to improve radon exposure evaluation techniques.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Radônio , Radônio/análise , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Exposição Ambiental/análiseRESUMO
This paper describes a procedure for the estimation of 241Am and 239Pu activity present in the human tissue by measuring the depth of contaminant using a portable Planar High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe). The ratios of photopeak counts of X-rays or gammas obtained with the detector coupled to collimator are calculated for the estimation of depth of the contaminant and the optimum one is determined. Since Minimum Detectable Activities (MDA) for the detector coupled to a collimator are higher than that of bare detector, activity must be estimated using bare detector, after locating the contaminant. Two methods are described for the estimation of plutonium coexisting with 241Am: (i) Abundance and isotopic correction for 239Pu (ii) and 239Pu:241Am ratio. The procedure to estimate 239Pu when plutonium isotopes alone are present is also established. An optimum monitoring period to detect the minimum value of intake for both radionuclides corresponding to chelation therapy and excision is also derived.
Assuntos
Amerício , Germânio , Plutônio , Plutônio/análise , Amerício/análise , Humanos , Germânio/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Doses de Radiação , Radiometria/métodos , Radiometria/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
This study analysed the occupational dose in Korean pressurized heavy-water reactors (PHWRs) and identified tasks involving high radiation exposure. The average individual dose was sufficiently low to be below the annual effective dose limit for radiation workers and is even lower than the dose limit for the general public. However, some workers received relatively higher doses than others. Furthermore, most PHWR workers are exposed to radiation during planned maintenance periods. In this study, the radiation dose was normalized (radiation dose per unit time) to determine the high-radiation-exposure tasks in Korean PHWRs. Consequently, end-fitting lapping, delayed neutron tube work and fuel channel fixed-end change tasks were identified as high-radiation-exposure tasks in Korean PHWRs. If appropriate radiation protection measures are prioritized for the identified high-dose exposure tasks, optimization of radiological protection will be effectively achieved by reducing the dose that is relatively higher than the average.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Humanos , República da Coreia , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Reatores Nucleares , ÁguaRESUMO
Filtration media used to quantify particulate and gaseous releases have been collected from Hartlepool Power Station in the United Kingdom and measured using high-sensitivity gamma-spectrometry systems. Radionuclides that are relevant to the monitoring regime of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) have been detected. Results are reported and compared to detections recorded on the International Monitoring System (IMS). Time series activity plots have been produced and results interpreted with respect to known plant activities. The reported results improve the understanding of trace-level radionuclide emissions from Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs) and aid interpretation of IMS measurements. This work is being performed as part of the Xenon Environmental Nuclide Analysis at Hartlepool (XENAH) collaboration between the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE, UK), EDF Energy (UK), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL, US) and the Swedish Defence Agency (FOI, Sweden).
Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar , Monitoramento de Radiação , Espectrometria gama , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Espectrometria gama/métodos , Reino Unido , Filtração , Radioisótopos de Xenônio/análise , Reatores NuclearesRESUMO
To ensure a reliable verification of a radiation detector, the right parameters for this response verification must be determined and a specific characterization on the detectors of interest must be performed. These were the main pillars of this study, where four Geiger-Müller at the University of Costa Rica's Cyclotron Facilities' main laboratories were studied and characterized using a 137Cs source. First, a verification of the inverse-square law was performed to corroborate the correct measurement by the detectors as the distance from a 137Cs source to the detectors was varied using a new design for a positioner support to ensure repeatability. This verification yielded a potential fit curve with and equation D=670635 x-1.961 (error percentage of 1.95%) and an R2 value of 0.9836. Then, using combinations of copper plates of widths 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm as attenuators between the source and the detectors, the mass attenuation coefficient for copper was obtained only as a reference value for future calibrations of the detectors. The result for this value was 0.040 cm2 /g. The results obtained in this study and the method developed to achieve these results will serve as a base for calibrations of the detectors at these facilities, which will ensure the safety of the patients and personnel in this building.
Para asegurar respuesta correcta de un detector de radiación, se deben determinar los parámetros correctos para esta verificación y debe realizarse una caracterización específica de los detectores de interés. Estos fueron los pilares principales de este estudio, donde se estudiaron y caracterizaron 4 detectores Geiger-Müller en los laboratorios principales del Ciclotrón de la Universidad de Costa Rica utilizando una fuente radiactiva de 137Cs. Primero, se realizó una verificación de la ley del inverso-cuadrado para corroborar la medición correcta de los detectores según se varía la distancia entre la fuente de 137Cs al detector utilizando un diseño nuevo de un soporte posicionador para la fuente que asegura la repetibilidad entre experimentos. Esta verificación resultó en una curva de ajuste potencial de ecuación D=670635x-1,961 (porcentaje de error de 1,95%) y un valor de R2 de 0,9836. Luego, utilizando combinaciones de placas de cobre de espesores 1,0 mm y 2,0 mm como atenuadores entre la fuente y los detectores, se obtuvo el coeficiente de atenuación másico para el cobre como un valor de referencia para futuras calibraciones de los detectores. Este resultado fue de 0,040 cm2/g. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación y el método desarrollado para lograr estos resultados servirán como una base para una futura confirmación metrológica calibraciones de los detectores en estos laboratorios, lo cual colaborará con la seguridad y protección radiológica de pacientes y trabajadores en este edificio.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radiometria/instrumentação , Radiometria/métodos , Universidades , Calibragem , Radioisótopos de Césio , Ciclotrons , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Costa RicaRESUMO
Emergency medical responders (EMRs) who treat victims during a radiation emergency are at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, the exposure dose to EMRs treating hypothetically contaminated patients was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the findings may be useful for educating EMRs and reducing their anxiety. The Monte Carlo simulation estimated radiation doses for adult computational phantoms based on radioactive contamination conditions and radiation dosages from previous studies. At contamination conditions below the typical upper limit of general Geiger-Müller survey meters, the radiation doses to EMRs were estimated to be less than 1 µSv per hour. In cases with greater contamination due to mishandling of an intense radioactive source (hundreds of GBq), the radiation doses to EMRs could reach approximately 100 mSv per hour. These results imply that a radiological accident with a highly radioactive source could expose EMR to significant radiation that exceeds their dose limit. Thus, authorities and other parties should ensure that EMRs receive appropriate education and training regarding measures that can be taken to protect themselves from the possibility of excessive radiation exposure. The results of this study may provide EMRs with information to take appropriate protective measures, although it is also important that they not hesitate to perform lifesaving measures because of concerns regarding radiation.
Assuntos
Socorristas , Doses de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Humanos , Método de Monte Carlo , Imagens de Fantasmas , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Liberação Nociva de RadioativosRESUMO
Communications, navigation, and other related systems need to have a well-defined antenna radiation pattern. In onboard vessel systems, the radiation pattern can be much different than the one obtained for an isolated antenna (because of the vessel's structure and other nearby radiating systems interference). Finding out the onboard antenna's radiation pattern is a well-known problem for any shipbuilder/owner. The conventional method consists of measuring radiation patterns from a fixed antenna on the coast while the ship is navigating in circles. Recent electronic systems in the market now allow for an alternative method: keeping the ship static while an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) circles it, measuring the antenna's transmitted power. This research paper examines the airspace volume and optimal flight path of an off-the-shelf UAV system for measuring the onboard antenna's radiation pattern in the presence of physical constraints such as the vessel's dimensions, safety zone, distance to base, Fresnel's and multipath distances, and considering the loss due to polarization decoupling between the antenna under test and UAV's antenna.
Assuntos
Aeronaves , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Sunlight is one of the main environmental resources that keeps all the organisms alive on earth. The ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is essential for vitamin D synthesis in the human body, which is crucial for bone and muscle health. In addition, sun exposure also helps to reduce the risk of some cardiovascular diseases and cancers. However, excessive UV exposure can lead to adverse effects, including some eye diseases, premature aging, sunburn and skin cancers. The solar UV irradiance itself depends on many environmental factors. In fact, the UV index reported in weather forecasts is an estimation under cloudless conditions. Personal UV exposure also depends on one's outdoor activities and habits. Furthermore, the UV intake depends on the skin sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for research into monitoring the optimal daily UV exposure for health benefits, without developing potential health risks. To facilitate the monitoring of solar UV intensity and cumulative dose, a variety of UV sensors have been developed in the past few decades and many are commercially available. Examples of sensors being marketed are: portable UV dosimeter, wearable UV radiometer, personal UV monitor, and handheld Solarmeter®. Some of the UV sensors can be worn as personal health monitors, which promote solar exposure protection. The paper provides a comprehensive review of the wearable and portable UV sensors for monitoring personal UV exposure, including a discussion of their unique advantages and limitations. Proposals are also presented for possible future research into reliable and practical UV sensors for personal UV exposure monitoring.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Luz Solar , Raios Ultravioleta , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , HumanosRESUMO
The present paper outlines characteristics of thoron and its progeny in the indoor environment. Since the half-life of thoron (220Rn) is very short (55.6 s), its behavior is quite different from the isotope radon (222Rn, half-life 3.8 days) in the environment. Analyses of radon and lung cancer risk have revealed a clearly positive relationship in epidemiological studies among miners and residents. However, there is no epidemiological evidence for thoron exposure causing lung cancer risk. In contrast to this, a dosimetric approach has been approved in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 137, from which new dose conversion factors for radon and thoron progenies can be obtained. They are given as 16.8 and 107 nSv (Bq m-3 h)-1, respectively. It implies that even a small quantity of thoron progeny will induce higher radiation exposure compared to radon. Thus, an interest in thoron exposure is increasing among the relevant scientific communities. As measurement technologies for thoron and its progeny have been developed, they are now readily available. This paper reviews measurement technologies, activity levels, dosimetry and resulting doses. Although thoron has been underestimated in the past, recent findings have revealed that reassessment of risks due to radon exposure may need to take the presence of thoron and its progeny into account.
Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Monitoramento de Radiação , Produtos de Decaimento de Radônio , Radônio , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Habitação , Humanos , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Radônio/análise , Produtos de Decaimento de Radônio/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interventional cardiologists are occupationally exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. The MAVIG X-ray protective drape (MXPD) is a commercially available light weight, lead-free shield placed over the pelvic area of patients to minimize operator radiation dose. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the MXPD during routine cardiac catheterization, including percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized controlled study comparing operator radiation dose during cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (n=632) with or without pelvic MXPD. We measured operator radiation dose at 4 sites: left eye, chest, left ring finger, and right ring finger. The primary outcomes were the difference in first operator radiation dose (µSv) and relative dose of the first operator (radiation dose normalized for dose area product) at the level of the chest in the 2 groups. RESULTS: The use of the MXPD was associated with a 50% reduction in operator radiation dose (median dose 30.5 [interquartile range, 23.0-39.7] µSv in no drape group versus 15.3 [interquartile range, 11.1-20.0] µSv in the drape group; P<0.001) and a 57% reduction in relative operator dose (P<0.001). The largest absolute reduction in dose was observed at the left finger (median left finger dose for the no drape group was 104.9 [75.7-137.4] µSv versus 41.9 [32.6-70.6] µSv in the drape group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The pelvic MXPD significantly reduces first operator radiation dose during routine cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04285944.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cardiologistas , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Doses de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Radiografia Intervencionista , Radiologistas , Campos Cirúrgicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bélgica , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Saúde Ocupacional , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Dosímetros de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Radiografia Intervencionista/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
The Medical Futurist says that radiology is one of the fastest growing and developing areas of medicine, and therefore this might be the speciality in which we can expect to see the largest steps in development. So why do they think that, and does it apply to dose monitoring? The move from retrospective dose evaluation to a proactive dose management approach represents a serious area of research. Indeed, artificial intelligence and machine learning are consistently being integrated into best-in-class dose management software solutions. The development of clinical analytics and dashboards are already supporting operators in their decision-making, and these optimisations - if taken beyond a single machine, a single department, or a single health network - have the potential to drive real and lasting change. The question is for whom exactly are these innovations being developed? How can the patient know that their scan has been performed to the absolute best that the technology can deliver? Do they know or even care how much their lifetime risk for developing cancer has changed post examination? Do they want a personalised size-specific dose estimate or perhaps an individual organ dose assessment to share on Instagram? Let's get real about the clinical utility and regulatory application of dose monitoring, and shine a light on the shared responsibility in applying the technology and the associated innovations.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Invenções/estatística & dados numéricos , Aprendizado de Máquina/estatística & dados numéricos , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteção Radiológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Invenções/tendências , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Radiological monitoring is fundamental for compliance with radiological protection policies in the aftermath of radiological events, such as nuclear accidents, terrorism, and out-of-commission uranium mines. An effective strategy for radiation monitoring is to use radiation detectors coupled with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), enabling for quicker surveillance of large areas without involving the need of human presence in the target area. The main aim of this study was to formulate the parameters for a UAV flight strategy in preparation for future field measurements using Geiger-Muller Counters (GMC) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) spectrometers. As a proof of concept, the prepared flight strategy will be used to survey out-of-commission uranium mines in northern Portugal. Procedures to assure the calibration of the CZT and verification of the GMCs were conducted, as well as a sensitivity analysis of the sensors considering different acquisition times, distance to source, and detector response time. This article reports specific parameters, such as UAV distance to ground, time of exposition, speed, and the methodology to perform the identification and calculate the activity of possible radioactive sources. An effective flight strategy is also presented, aiming to use radiation detectors coupled with UAVs to undertake extensive monitoring of areas with enhanced levels of environmental radiation, which is of prime importance due to the lasting hazardous effects of enhanced environmental radiation in the nearby ecosystem and population.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Cádmio/química , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radiometria , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Telúrio/química , Zinco/química , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Calibragem , Ecossistema , Humanos , Portugal , RadiografiaRESUMO
People are increasingly exposed to electromagnetic radiation with the rapid development of technologies such as broadcasting and mobile communication system. There is a concern that long-term exposure at low levels may be associated with various non-specific physical symptoms and ecological effects on animals and plants. It is extremely important to measure and analyze the electromagnetic radiation levels in order to protect people from the possible effects of electromagnetic radiation. A large-scale assessment of the effects of electromagnetic radiation on health or on ecology requires the ambient electromagnetic radiation levels over areas too vast to cover with conventional measurement methods. In this article, detailed information about the measurement tools and measurement method are given. The electromagnetic radiation exposure levels were measured on the main streets in the dense urban areas of Beijing, the capital of China. We apply ordinary kriging as an interpolation technique to assess the electromagnetic radiation exposure in large outdoor areas based on car-mounted measurements along the surrounding roads. The electromagnetic radiation exposure levels for larger areas can be investigated visually on the electromagnetic pollution map, which can assist decision makers by identifying the hotspots.
Assuntos
Cidades , Radiação Eletromagnética , Meio Ambiente , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Melanoma survivors often do not engage in adequate sun protection, leading to sunburn and increasing their risk of future melanomas. Melanoma survivors do not accurately recall the extent of sun exposure they have received, thus, they may be unaware of their personal UV exposure, and this lack of awareness may contribute towards failure to change behavior. As a means of determining behavioral accuracy of recall of sun exposure, this study compared subjective self-reports of time outdoors to an objective wearable sensor. Analysis of the meaningful discrepancies between the self-report and sensor measures of time outdoors was made possible by using a network flow algorithm to align sun exposure events recorded by both measures. Aligning the two measures provides the opportunity to more accurately evaluate false positive and false negative self-reports of behavior and understand participant tendencies to over- and under-report behavior. METHODS: 39 melanoma survivors wore an ultraviolet light (UV) sensor on their chest while outdoors for 10 consecutive summer days and provided an end-of-day subjective self-report of their behavior while outdoors. A Network Flow Alignment framework was used to align self-report and objective UV sensor data to correct misalignment. The frequency and time of day of under- and over-reporting were identified. FINDINGS: For the 269 days assessed, the proposed framework showed a significant increase in the Jaccard coefficient (i.e. a measure of similarity between self-report and UV sensor data) by 63.64% (p < .001), and significant reduction in false negative minutes by 34.43% (p < .001). Following alignment of the measures, under-reporting of sun exposure time occurred on 51% of the days analyzed and more participants tended to under-report than to over-report sun exposure time. Rates of under-reporting of sun exposure were highest for events that began from 12-1pm, and second-highest from 5-6pm. CONCLUSION: These discrepancies may reflect lack of accurate recall of sun exposure during times of peak sun intensity (10am-2pm) that could ultimately increase the risk of developing melanoma. This research provides technical contributions to the field of wearable computing, activity recognition, and identifies actionable times to improve participants' perception of their sun exposure.
Assuntos
Melanoma , Dosímetros de Radiação , Queimadura Solar , Luz Solar , Raios Ultravioleta , Melanoma/prevenção & controle , Melanoma/reabilitação , Dosímetros de Radiação/normas , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Queimadura Solar/prevenção & controle , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Rememoração MentalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Determine the radiation background in the Kropyvnytskyi microdistricts using the dosimeter-radiometer MKS-08-01 Gm «DKS-96¼ and a wireless sensor (dosimeter), analyze the measured values using the Student's t-test and create radiation background interactive map of Kropyvnytskyi microdistricts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurement of Kropyvnytskyi radiation background was carried out in two ways: using the dosimeter-radiometer MKS-08-01 Gm «DKS-96¼ to measure the radiation background in the Kropyvnytskyi microdis- tricts (Zavadivka (sanitary zone and observation zone), Kovalivka, Velyka Balka, Lisoparkova, Raion 5/5, Popova, Miskyi sad); using a wireless sensor (dosimeter) with a monitoring system of the area radiation situation on the basis of Wi-Fi module with a microcontroller (Lisoparkova, Zavadivka (sanitary zone and observation zone), Raion 5/5). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Experiment results allowed us to conclude that in some microdistricts of Kropyvnytskyi increased level of radiation pollution. Evaluation of exposure for a human from technological reinforced naturally occurring radioactive sources, particularly from 238U and 222Rn is a key factor that determines the risk of cancerous pathologies in Kirovohrad region. We checked the effectiveness of our wireless sensor (dosimeter) for monitoring the radiation situation in the area. To analyze, interpret and report to the general public the results of our study, we created our own application for smartphones based on the Android operating system.
Assuntos
Radiação de Fundo , Dosímetros de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radônio/análise , Urânio/análise , Desenho de Equipamento , Doses de Radiação , UcrâniaRESUMO
The article discusses an autonomous and flexible robotic system for radiation monitoring. The detection part of the system comprises two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors: one of these is collimated to allow directionally sensitive measurements and the other is used to calculate the dose rate and provides sufficient sensitivity. Special algorithms for autonomous operation of an unmanned ground vehicle were developed, utilizing radiation characteristics acquired by the implemented detection system. The system was designed to operate in three modes: radiation mapping, localization of discrete sources and inspection of a region of interest. All of the modes were verified experimentally. In the localization mode, the time required to localize ionizing radiation sources was reduced by half compared to the field mapping mode exploiting parallel trajectories; the localization accuracy remained the same. In the inspection mode, the desired functionality was achieved, and the changes in the sources arrangement were detected reliably in the experiments.