Multimedia resources to support the recruitment of committed hematopoietic stem cell donors: Perspectives of the most-needed donors.

BACKGROUND: Recruitment of committed unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors from the most-needed demographics remains a challenge for donor recruitment organizations worldwide. Multimedia resources are gaining attention as a modality to support recruitment efforts; however, there is a lack of guidance for the development of such tools. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of eligible stem cell donors on an educational whiteboard video about stem cell donation, generating insights into how whiteboard videos and related multimedia may be optimized for donor recruitment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight semistructured focus groups were conducted with 38 potential donors from the most-needed demographics (young, male, and non-Caucasian) after they had watched a 3.5-minute whiteboard video explaining key concepts in stem cell donation (https://youtu.be/V4fVBtxnWfM). Constructivist grounded theory was used to identify themes and to develop a framework for understanding participants' preferred features of recruitment multimedia. RESULTS: Participants identified a range of features contributing to the effectiveness of recruitment multimedia, adding that the whiteboard video is an effective, integrated, and readily accessible format for supporting donor recruitment. Topics that participants felt are important to address include knowledge gaps regarding donation procedures, concerns about donor safety, and the particular need for specific donor demographics. Suggested avenues for improvement include the addition of donor/recipient/patient personal experiences, attention-grabbing hooks, and a call to action including opportunities for further learning. CONCLUSIONS: Several considerations were generated to inform the development of future multimedia for donor education/recruitment and are relevant to donor recruitment organizations worldwide.

Exposure to Multimedia Tobacco Marketing and Product Use Among Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco companies continue to reach youth through direct-to-consumer marketing, which has been associated with overall tobacco use. We examine how exposure to these marketing activities influences product-specific use behaviors. METHODS: We analyzed data from 10 081 youth (aged 12-18 years) who participated in Waves 1 and 2 (2013-2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Participants reported past 6-month tobacco coupon receipt and online tobacco marketing engagement, and susceptibility to ever and current use of cigarette, e-cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and hookah. Weighted multivariable logistic regression examined Wave 1 predictors of coupon receipt at Wave 2, and associations between coupon receipt, online engagement, and past 30-day use of different tobacco products. RESULTS: Youth received tobacco coupons at one (9.7%) or both waves (1.2%) and 11.1% engaged with online tobacco marketing. Coupon receipt and online marketing engagement at Wave 1 predicted Wave 2 coupon receipt among susceptible-never, ever-but-not-current, and current tobacco users (p < .05). Coupon receipt and online engagement at Wave 1 was positively associated with past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and hookah at Wave 2 (p < .05). The relationships were stronger for those who received coupons at both waves or engaged with more sources of online marketing. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco direct-to-consumer marketing is reaching youth. Repeated exposure to these marketing activities within and across media is associated with use of different tobacco products. New policies and strong enforcement of existing regulations prohibiting these illegal marketing tactics are critical to protect youth from future tobacco use. IMPLICATIONS: Tobacco companies utilize coupons and online engagement activities to increase brand awareness, knowledge, and sales of their products. These kinds of marketing activities can be influential among youth at a time when they may develop tobacco use behaviors. Our findings suggest that tobacco companies may be targeting at-risk youth through cross-media marketing activities. The findings also indicate that exposure to these marketing activities predicts subsequent use of different tobacco products, with suggestive dose-response relationships. Increased regulations are needed to protect youth from these marketing activities.

Design and Validation of Education Multimedia Program for Patients With Fecal Diversions: A Quality Improvement Project to Enhance Self-Care.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to design and validate a multimedia educational software program for patients with fecal diversions. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Ten individuals who had fecal diversion surgery and 10 experts including nurses, physicians, nutritionists, and information technologists from Imam Khomeini and Rasule Akram Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, the 2 main centers in which fecal diversion surgery took place, were included in the study. APPROACH: The multimedia educational software for patients with ostomy was developed in 3 phases including development and creation, validity, and modification of the software. Data for phase 1 were collected using 2 questionnaires, the Multimedia Survey Questionnaire for Clients and the Multimedia Survey Questionnaire for Experts, and several open-ended questions to further determine the content and face validity of the multimedia content for the education prototype. OUTCOMES: The mean ± standard deviation [SD] of multimedia evaluation by the 10 patients was 60 ± 3.27, indicating high user satisfaction. The mean ± SD of multimedia evaluation by the 10 experts was 171.1 ± 19.2, suggesting the content was of high quality. Content and face validity were reported to be 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. The program was then created and called "Self-Care of Ostomy," which consisted of 8 computer-based modules with 22 short videos and slide presentations available for viewing by patients with newly created ostomies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This multimedia program can provide patients with simple, portable, understandable, objective, user-friendly information about ostomy care. Future studies should address the effectiveness of ostomy management among patients, families, and care providers.

Feasibility and Benefit of Incorporating a Multimedia Cadaver Laboratory Training Program into a Didactics Curriculum for Junior and Senior Surgical Residents.

OBJECTIVE: As operative experience in general surgery decreases and work hour limitations increase there is less exposure of surgical residents to advanced vascular and trauma exposures. Many institutions have demonstrated benefits of cadaver laboratory courses. We have incorporated a multimedia cadaver laboratory course into our general surgery residency didactics curriculum with the objective to demonstrate a benefit of the program as well as the feasibility of incorporation. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study at a tertiary care institution including general surgery residents within our residency program. A curriculum was designed, requiring residents to complete multimedia learning modules before both a trauma cadaver laboratory and vascular exposure cadaver laboratory. Outcome measures included self-efficacy/confidence (precourse and postcourse 5-point Likert surveys), knowledge (net performance on precourse and postcourse multiple choice examinations), and resident perception of the curriculum (postcourse 5-point Likert survey). Data were analyzed using ANOVA paired t-tests. RESULTS: For the vascular cadaver laboratory, resident knowledge improved overall from an average of 41.2% to 50.0% of questions correct (p = 0.032) and self-efficacy/confidence improved by 0.59 from 1.52 to 2.11 out of 5 (p = 0.009). Median confidence is 1.37 out of 5 and 2.32 out of 5, before and after course, respectively. Wilcoxon nonparametric test reveals a p = 0.011. Resident's perception of the usefulness of the laboratory evaluation was 3.85 out 5. There were 85.71% agreed that the laboratory is useful and 14.29% were disagree. The Z-score is -0.1579 (means 0.1579 standard deviations a score of 3.85 below the benchmark). The percentile rank is 56.27%. The coefficient of variation is 24.68%. For the trauma cadaver laboratory, resident knowledge improved overall from an average of 55.89% to 66.17% of questions correct (p = 0.001) and self-efficacy/confidence improved by 0.75 from 1.68 out of 5 to 2.43 out of 5 (p = 0.011). Median confidence level is 1.41 out of 5 before the training course and 2.64 out of 5 after the training course. Wilcoxon signed rank test gives a p value of 0.008. Resident's perception of the usefulness of the laboratory evaluation was 3.94 out 5. There were 72.22% agreed that the laboratory is useful and 27.78% were neutral. The Z-score is -0.098 (means 0.098 standard deviations a score of 3.94 below the benchmark). The percentile rank is 53.90%. The coefficient of variation is 15.48%. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a multimedia cadaver laboratory into a residency education didactics curriculum was both feasible and beneficial for resident education. We demonstrate an improvement in knowledge and self efficacy/confidence following both cadaver laboratory courses.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cervical Cancer Education Intervention for Latinas Delivered Through Interactive, Multimedia Kiosks.

US Latina women experience disproportionately high cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates. These health disparities are largely preventable with routine pap tests and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. This study tested the efficacy of a cervical cancer education intervention to improve risk factor knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-reported behavior related to cervical cancer screening among low-income Latinas who had not been screened in the past 2 years, compared to a usual care control group. Low-income Latinas who had not had a pap test in the prior 2 years were recruited from three Federally Qualified Health Centers and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups, with in-person assessment at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Women in the intervention group received a one-time low-literacy cervical cancer education program through an interactive, multimedia kiosk in either English or Spanish based on their language preference. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated greater knowledge (p < 0.0001) and more favorable attitudes at follow-up; fewer intervention group women never thought of getting a pap test (46 vs. 54 %, p = 0.050) or agreed that it is fate whether a woman gets cervical cancer or not (24 vs. 31 %, p = 0.043). The groups did not differ significantly on the proportion who had obtained or made an appointment for a pap test at follow-up (51 vs. 48 %, p = 0.35). Both groups reported high levels of self-efficacy regarding pap screening at post-intervention. A one-time interactive, multimedia educational intervention improved cervical cancer knowledge and attitudes among low-income Latinas but had no effect on cervical cancer-screening behavior. Exposure of the control group to the pre-test conducted on the multimedia kiosk may have influenced their screening behavior.

Development of an e-Learning Research Module Using Multimedia Instruction Approach.

Students nowadays feel more comfortable with new technologies, which increase their motivation and, as a result, improve their academic performance. In the last two decades, the use of information communication technology has been increasing in many disciplines in higher education. Online learning or e-learning has been used and integrated into the curriculum around the world. A team of nursing faculty and educational technology specialists have developed an e-learning research module and integrate it into the nursing curriculum. The aim was to assist master of nursing and postgraduate nursing students in developing their research knowledge before and throughout their enrollment in the research course. This e-learning module includes interactive multimedia such as audiovisual presentation, graphical theme, animation, case-based learning, and pretest and posttest for each topic area. The module focuses on three main topic areas: (1) basic research principles (for review), (2) quantitative method, and (3) qualitative method. The e-learning module is an innovative use of the information and communication technology to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes in a local context. This article discusses the development journey, piloting process, including the variety of evaluation perspectives, and the ways in which the results influenced the e-learning resource before its wider distribution.

Patient Preference for Instructional Reinforcement Regarding Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Although patient preference is a core value within the context of patient-centered models of care, little attention has been paid to determining patient preference for instructional media. Nurses have traditionally used verbal face-to-face instruction as the mainstay of patient education, with written materials being used extensively as teaching guides to supplement verbal instruction or for instructional reinforcement. However, advances in technology have made possible the adding of video instruction to nurses' repertoire of instructional media. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine patients' media preferences (verbal, video, written) when receiving instructional reinforcement about self-care needed to prevent radiation dermatitis. METHODS: The current study was conducted as a secondary analysis of data from a process improvement initiative. In the parent study, patients received multimedia education related to skin care to prevent radiation dermatitis. This secondary analysis examined patient preference for verbal, video, or written education reinforcement at treatment weeks 1 and 3. FINDINGS: Results suggest that, when given a choice, verbal and video reinforcement are preferred over written reinforcement.

Enhancing surgical safety using digital multimedia technology.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine whether incorporating digital and video multimedia components improved surgical time-out performance of a surgical safety checklist. METHODS: A prospective pilot study was designed for implementation of a multimedia time-out, including a patient video. Perceptions of the staff participants were surveyed before and after intervention (Likert scale: 1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). RESULTS: Employee satisfaction was high for both time-out procedures. However, employees appreciated improved clarity of patient identification (P < .05) and operative laterality (P < .05) with the digital method. About 87% of the respondents preferred the digital version to the standard time-out (75% anesthesia, 89% surgeons, 93% nursing). Although the duration of time-outs increased (49 and 79 seconds for standard and digital time-outs, respectively, P > .001), there was significant improvement in performance of key safety elements. CONCLUSION: The multimedia time-out allows improved participation by the surgical team and is preferred to a standard time-out process.

Sitio web para el aprendizaje de la historia clínica estomatológica / Website for the learning of dental clinical record

Se presenta un producto informático, útil como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje del método para la confección de la historia clínica en Estomatología General Integral. De forma ordenada y estructurada se realiza una recopilación exhaustiva de los aspectos y conocimientos básicos necesarios para el estudio del tema, así como textos, imágenes y videos que ayudan a enriquecer el contenido. La estructuración permite un acceso rápido a todos los contenidos y puede ser empleado como texto básico para la formación de pregrado y material de consulta para estudiantes de posgrado.

The present work shows an informatic product that helps to teach and study the method for the conformation of the clinical history in integral and general dentistry.An exhaustive compilation is presented about the main aspects needed for studying the isuue mentioned above.The structure oh the digital document allow a quick and easy acces to the content and make it usefull both as a basic text for junior students and as a consulting material for graduated.

Multimedia interactiva para el desarrollo de habilidades en el uso del oftalmoscopio indirecto / Interactive Multimedia development skills in the use of indirect ophthalmoscope

El oftalmoscopio indirecto es un medio diagnóstico y terapéutico muy necesario y con una amplia utilidad para todos los oftalmólogos, pues este contribuye al desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Oftalmología y en especial del segmento posterior del ojo. El objetivo es presentar una multimedia interactiva "Oftalmoscopio indirecto" para el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en el uso correcto de este medio diagnóstico en los residentes del Servicio Oftalmológico del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay". La multimedia contiene diferentes acápites relacionados con el examen oftalmológico, historia, videos, simuladores, posturas y ventajas del oftalmoscopio indirecto. La implementación de esta herramienta de trabajo, a partir del cumplimiento de las acciones que se establecen en la guía elaborada al efecto, permitirá a los residentes que se encuentran en ejercicio o en formación autoprepararse y contribuir a resolver los problemas que detecten a través del oftalmoscopio indirecto en el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de afecciones oftalmológicas que constituyen un problema de salud en Cuba.

The indirect ophthalmoscope is a very necessary diagnostic and therapeutic tool, widely used by all ophthalmologists, as this contributes to the development of teaching and learning Ophthalmology in general and particularly the posterior segment of the eye. Our purpose was to present the interactive multimedia "Indirect Ophthalmoscope" for the development of professional skills in residents of the ophthalmology Service at the Central Military Hospital concerning the proper use of this diagnostic tool. The multimedia contains different headings related to eye exam, history, videos, simulators, positions and advantages of indirect ophthalmoscope. From the fulfillment of the actions set out in the guide produced for this purpose, the implementation of this tool will allow residents to prepare themselves and help to solve problems detected through the indirect ophthalmoscope when diagnosing and treating eye conditions that constitute a health problem in Cuba.

Traditional text-only versus multimedia-enhanced radiology reporting: referring physicians' perceptions of value.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate referring physicians' perceptions of multimedia-enhanced radiology reporting (MERR) as an alternative to traditional text-only radiology reporting. MERR supplements text-only reports by embedding user-friendly interactive hyperlinks to key images and graphically plotting target lesion size longitudinally over time. METHODS: Of 402 physicians responding to a web-based survey, 200 (50 each medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, and pulmonologists) practicing in the United States fulfilled criteria to complete an online survey with questions focusing on satisfaction with current text-only reports and the perceived value of image- and data-enriched reporting. RESULTS: The mean respondent age was 46 years, with a mean of 15 years in posttraining clinical practice (85% men; 47% from academic medical centers). Although 80% were satisfied with the format of their current text-only radiology reports, 80% believed that MERR would represent an improvement. The most commonly reported advantages of MERR were "improved understanding of radiology findings by correlating images to text reports" (86%) and "easier access to images while monitoring progression of a disease/condition" (79%). Of the 28% of physicians with concerns about MERR implementation, the most common were that it was "too time intensive" (53%) and "the clinic workflow does not allow itself to view reports in such a fashion" (42%). Physicians indicated a strong increased likelihood of preferentially referring patients to (80%) and recommending peers to (79%) facilities that offer MERR. CONCLUSION: Most specialist referring physicians believe that interactive image- and data-embedded MERR represents an improvement over current text-only radiology reporting. Compared with current report formatting, most would preferentially refer patients and peers to facilities offering more meaningful image- and graphically enriched reporting platforms.

WISE-MD usage among millennial medical students.

BACKGROUND: E-learning is increasingly common in undergraduate medical education. Internet-based multimedia materials should be designed with millennial learner utilization preferences in mind for maximal impact. METHODS: Medical students used all 20 Web Initiative for Surgical Education of Medical Doctors modules from July 1, 2013 to October 1, 2013. Data were analyzed for topic frequency, time and week day, and access to questions. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred eighty-seven students completed 35,848 modules. Students accessed modules for average of 51 minutes. Most frequent use occurred on Sunday (23.1%), Saturday (15.4%), and Monday (14.3%). Friday had the least use (8.2%). A predominance of students accessed the modules between 7 and 10 PM (34.4%). About 80.4% of students accessed questions for at least one module. They completed an average of 40 ± 30 of the questions. Only 827 students (2.3%) repeated the questions. CONCLUSIONS: Web Initiative for Surgical Education of Medical Doctors has peak usage during the weekend and evenings. Most frequently used modules reflect core surgical problems. Multiple factors influence the manner module questions are accessed.

The development and preliminary testing of a multimedia patient-provider survivorship communication module for breast cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development of a theory-guided and evidence-based multimedia training module to facilitate breast cancer survivors' preparedness for effective communication with their health care providers after active treatment. METHODS: The iterative developmental process used included: (1) theory and evidence-based content development and vetting; (2) user testing; (3) usability testing; and (4) participant module utilization. RESULTS: Formative evaluation of the training module prototype occurred through user testing (n = 12), resulting in modification of the content and layout. Usability testing (n = 10) was employed to improve module functionality. Preliminary web usage data (n = 256, mean age = 53, 94.5% White, 75% college graduate and above) showed that 59% of the participants accessed the communication module, for an average of 7 min per login. CONCLUSION: The iterative developmental process was informative in enhancing the relevance of the communication module. Preliminary web usage results demonstrate the potential feasibility of such a program. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our study demonstrates survivors' openness to the use of a web-based communication skills training module and outlines a systematic iterative user and interface program development and testing process, which can serve as a prototype for others considering such an approach.

The utility of multimedia in the diagnosis and management of acute and subacute problems in hand surgery.

A typical consultation is based on a phone conversation between the consulting service and the surgeon. If the description given to the surgeon misrepresents the severity of the condition, unnecessary transfer of the patient could follow. In an attempt to reduce the occurrence of unnecessary transfers, we started supplementing our consultation with video captured with a cell phone camera demonstrating specific points in clinical examination of the hand. These videos were sent to the surgeon to clarify the clinical picture. We found this method useful in some cases in ruling out the need for urgent transfer.

Multimedia learning tools for teaching undergraduate ophthalmology: results of a randomized clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel multimedia learning tool (MMLT) for teaching a method of approaching common ophthalmologic presentations. DESIGN: Randomized clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: 25 second-year medical students at Queen's University. METHODS: We evaluated 2 MMLTs pertaining to common ophthalmologic presentations--acute visual loss and cataract--through the use of a randomized clinical study. Subjects were randomized either to watch a short-form video or to read a textbook excerpt for both cataract and acute visual loss. If randomized to one MMLT for the first module, the subject was allocated to the other modality for the second module. The main outcomes of interest were knowledge retention as measured by a short multiple-choice questionnaire, efficiency, and user preference. RESULTS: A trend was noted whereby subjects randomized to an MMLT had higher composite scores on multiple-choice questionnaires (mean score MMLT = 75.2% vs text = 67.5%; t test = 1.535; df = 22; p value = 0.139). Additionally, those who watched an MMLT spent 72% less time reviewing the education content (29 min vs 8 min; t test = 3.955, p value = 0.0003). Of the sample, 87% preferred the MMLT over the text. CONCLUSIONS: MMLTs can significantly reduce learning time without sacrificing knowledge retention in undergraduate students of ophthalmology.

Multimedia approach to preoperative adenotonsillectomy counseling.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to compare retention of knowledge of surgical risks in parents of children having an adenotonsillectomy who received a preoperative handout or watched a video, in addition to standard counseling. A secondary objective was to determine whether time from counseling to day of surgery affects risk retention. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized control study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study, conducted March 2010 through April 2011, included participants who had children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The preoperative and postoperative test scores of those undergoing verbal counseling, counseling with handout, or counseling with video were compared. RESULTS: Forty-five participants were tasked to identify 9 risks of adenotonsillectomy. Preoperatively, participants identified an average of 6.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2-7.3) in the counseling group, 7.3 (95% CI, 6.4-8.3) in the counseling and handout group, and 6.6 (95% CI, 5.9-7.3) in the counseling and video group (P = .32). Postoperatively, participants identified an average of 5.8 (95% CI, 4.9-6.7) in the counseling group, 6.5 (95% CI, 5.3-7.6) in the counseling and handout group, and 5.2 (95% CI, 4.1-6.3) in the counseling and video group (P = .19). Time between preoperative counseling and day of surgery was inversely correlated with postoperative score (ß -.34, P = .02). CONCLUSION: Participants were not able to identify all of the risks associated with adenotonsillectomy. There was no difference in identification of risks associated with adenotonsillectomy among different modalities of counseling. Participants retained more information when there was less time between the preoperative counseling and day of surgery.

Medication adherence among rural, low-income hypertensive adults: a randomized trial of a multimedia community-based intervention.

PURPOSE: Examine the effectiveness of a community-based, multimedia intervention on medication adherence among hypertensive adults. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rural south Alabama. SUBJECTS: Low-income adults (N  =  434) receiving medication at no charge from a public health department or a Federally Qualified Health Center. INTERVENTION: Both interventions were home-based and delivered via computer by a community health advisor. The adherence promotion (AP) intervention focused on theoretical variables related to adherence (e.g., barriers, decisional balance, and role models). The cancer control condition received general cancer information. MEASURES: Adherence was assessed by pill count. Other adherence-related variables, including barriers, self-efficacy, depression, and sociodemographic variables, were collected via a telephone survey. ANALYSIS: Chi-square analysis tested the hypothesis that a greater proportion of participants in the AP intervention are ≥80% adherent compared to the control group. General linear modeling examined adherence as a continuous variable. RESULTS: Participants receiving the intervention did not differ from individuals in the control group (51% vs. 49% adherent, respectively; p  =  .67). Clinic type predicted adherence (p < .0001), as did forgetting to take medications (p  =  .01) and difficulty getting to the clinic to obtain medications (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Multilevel interventions that focus on individual behavior and community-level targets (e.g., how health care is accessed and delivered) may be needed to improve medication adherence among low-income rural residents.

Enhancing blood donation intentions using multimedia donor education materials.

BACKGROUND: Prior research has shown that education materials that directly address prospective donor concerns and provide specific coping suggestions are particularly effective at enhancing donation attitudes and intentions to give blood. This study compared the effect of donor coping materials, provided in written and audiovisual formats, as potential tools to enhance recruitment of prospective blood donors. The role of initial attitudes toward blood donation on responses to these materials was also considered. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Young adults (62% female; mean [SD] age=19.1 [1.4]; mean [range] prior blood donations=1.32 [0-13]) were randomly assigned to 1) read a brochure addressing common blood donor concerns and suggesting specific coping strategies, 2) view a video addressing blood donor concerns and illustrating coping techniques, 3) read the brochure and view the video, or 4) read a control brochure on healthy eating and exercise. Measures of blood donation attitudes, anxiety, confidence, and intentions to give blood were completed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Relative to the control brochure, all the intervention groups showed larger reductions in anxiety, more positive changes in attitude, and greater increases in donation confidence and intentions. The combination of the brochure and video outperformed either intervention alone in further improving donation attitudes among participants with high initial donation attitudes. CONCLUSION: Blood donation coping materials, presented in either written or audiovisual formats, significantly enhance willingness to donate blood among young adults regardless of their initial attitudes toward blood donation.