Decolorization of reactive dye using a photo-ferrioxalate system with brick grain-supported iron oxide.

The photocatalytic activity of a brick grain-supported iron oxide (denoted as B1) was tested for its activity to degrade Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in the presence of oxalic acid. B1 was obtained as a solid waste from a wastewater treatment plant, and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherm analyses. The decolorization experiments were performed in a fluidized bed reactor with aeration under UV-A irradiation (λ = 365 nm). The effects of various factors such as solution pH, concentration of oxalic acid and dissolved oxygen on the decolorization of RB5 were evaluated considering the contributions of adsorption and photo-catalytic degradation. The role of dissolved iron in the removal of RB5 and the stability of B1 were also examined. In addition, the removal of TOC during the photo-catalytic reaction was monitored.

Degradation of H-acid and its derivative in aqueous solution by ionising radiation.

The mechanism of high-energy radiation induced degradation of H-acid (4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid, (I)) and its derivative, 4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid (II) (central parts of a large number of azo dyes), was investigated in aqueous solutions. These compounds can be efficiently destroyed by the (*)OH and hydrated electron intermediates produced during water radiolysis. As the first step of degradation mainly cyclohexadienyl-type radicals form, however, with I H-atom elimination from the NH(2) group is also observed yielding anilino-type radicals. Both the cyclohexadienyl and the anilino-type radicals decay on the millisecond timescale. In the (*)OH reactions as stable products hydroxylated molecules and quinone-type compounds form. These molecules by further decomposition of the ring structure transform to open chain molecules. In the case of hydrated electron, the primarily formed products have absorption spectra shifted to the low-wavelength region indicating the destruction of at least one of the aromatic rings.

[Effect of pulse electromagnetic radiation on erythrocyte ghosts]. / Vliianie impul'snogo élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia na teni éritrotsitov.

The pulse microwave radiation has been shown to increase the fluorescence intensity of 2-toluidinonaphthanene-6-sulfonate (2,6-TNS) and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (1,8-ANS) built-in membranes of erythrocyte ghosts. In experiments with 2,6-TNS a frequency dependence of the effect of microwave radiation with maximum within the frequency range of 55-65 Hz has been found. It is suggested that the changes registered with fluorescent probes are induced by mechanical oscillations generated by the pulse microwave radiation.