Development of a trigger tool to identify harmful incidents, no harm incidents, and near misses in prehospital emergency care.

BACKGROUND: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are a unique setting because care for the chief complaint is given across all ages in a complex and high-risk environment that may pose a threat to patient safety. Traditionally, a reporting system is commonly used to raise awareness of adverse events (AEs); however, it could fail to detect an AE. Several methods are needed to evaluate patient safety in EMS. In this light, this study was conducted to (1) develop a national ambulance trigger tool (ATT) with a guide containing descriptions of triggers, examples of use, and categorization of near misses (NMs), no harm incidents (NHIs), and harmful incidents (HIs) and (2) use the ATT on randomly selected ambulance records. METHODS: The ambulance trigger tool was developed in a stepwise manner through (1) a literature review; (2) three sessions of structured group discussions with an expert panel having knowledge of emergency medical service, patient safety, and development of trigger tools; (3) a retrospective record review of 900 randomly selected journals with three review teams from different geographical locations; and (4) inter-rater reliability testing between reviewers. RESULTS: From the literature review, 34 triggers were derived. After removing clinically irrelevant ones and combining others through three sessions of structured discussions, 19 remained. The most common triggers identified in the 900 randomly selected records were deviation from treatment guidelines (30.4%), the patient is non conveyed after EMS assessment (20.8%), and incomplete documentation (14.4%). The positive triggers were categorized as a near miss (40.9%), no harm (3.7%), and harmful incident (0.2%). Inter-rater reliability testing showed good agreement in both sessions. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a trigger tool together with a retrospective record review can be used as a method to measure the frequency of harmful incidents, no harm incidents, and near misses in the EMS, thus complementing the traditional reporting system to realize increased patient safety.

A Near-Miss in Clinical Outcomes Research Data Collection.

ABSTRACT: We present the case of a near-miss in clinical research to illustrate a situation in which errors in data collection would have led to different results in the data analysis, with the potential for drawing incorrect conclusions. Conclusions based on data errors may adversely influence future medical decision-making in patient care. In the interest of presenting this as an educational, nonpunitive, quality-improvement report, the study and the involved researchers remain anonymous, and the specific details and exact number of patients are not reported.

Surgical Safety Does Not Happen By Accident: Learning From Perioperative Near Miss Case Studies.

Adverse surgical events cause negative patient health outcomes and harm that can often overshadow the safe and effective patient care provided daily by nurses as members of interprofessional healthcare teams. Near misses occur far more frequently than adverse events and are less visible to nurse leaders because patient harm is avoided due to chance, prevention, or mitigation. However, near misses have comparable root causes to adverse events and exhibit the same underlying patterns of failure. Reviewing near misses provides nurses with learning opportunities to identify patient care weaknesses and build appropriate solutions to enhance care. As the operating room is one of the most complex work settings in healthcare, identifying potential weaknesses or sources for errors is vital to reduce healthcare-associated risks for patients and staff. The purpose of this manuscript is to educate, inform, and stimulate critical thinking by discussing perioperative near miss case studies and the underlying factors that lead to errors. Our authors discuss 15 near miss case studies occurring across the perioperative patient experience of care and discuss barriers to near miss reporting. Nurse leaders can use our case studies to stimulate discussion among perioperative and perianesthesia nurses in their hospitals to inform comprehensive risk reduction programs.

Near-miss hypoglycemia-reflections on perioperative glucose management guidelines in diabetics.

BACKGROUND: The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has an impressive array of professional perioperative guidelines but has not issued a guideline specific to perioperative blood glucose management and does not delve into the topic in their other guidelines. CASE REPORT: We experienced a perioperative case that highlights the potential difficulty of glucose management in this setting. During anesthetic induction for an orthopedic foot surgery, as the medication was infusing, an IDDM 1 (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 1) patient expressed feeling that her blood sugar level was low. Her finger stick after induction showed severe hypoglycemia with a blood glucose of 34 mg/dL. The hypoglycemia was treated with intravenous glucose and further closely monitored. CONCLUSIONS: This case led us to revisit the different perioperative guidelines and recommendations for diabetic patients and this manuscript aims to highlight the similarities and discrepancies among the different published recommendations. This case highlights the value of utilizing insulin pump infusions in the perioperative setting when available.

Prevalence of neonatal near miss in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal near miss (NNM) applies to cases where newborns almost died during the first 28 d of life but survived life-threatening conditions following birth. The most vulnerable time for infant survival is the neonatal stage, corresponding to almost 50% of deaths occurring at <5 y of age. No study indicates the overall pooled prevalence of NNM in Africa. Thus this review aimed to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of NNMs in Africa. METHODS: Articles were retrieved through a comprehensive search strategy using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative, Cochrane Library and Google Search. Data extraction was done independently by all authors. Forest plots and tables were used to represent the original data. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. There was heterogeneity between the included articles. Therefore the authors used a meta-analysis of random effects to estimate the aggregate pooled prevalence of NNM in Africa. Funnel plot and Egger regression test methods were used to assess possible publication bias. R software version 3.5.3 and R studio version 1.2.5003 were used to analyse the data. The guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to publish this article. The review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration ID: CRD42021290223). RESULTS: Through an exhaustive search, we found 835 articles. However, we considered only eight full-text articles to be included in this meta-analysis. The analysis of included studies showed that the overall pooled prevalence of NNM in Africa was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16 to 44). The subgroup analysis by study year showed that the prevalence of NNM from 2012-2015 and 2018-2019 was 36% (95% CI 23 to 49) and 20% (95% CI 1 to 39), respectively. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that the pooled prevalence of NNM is high in Africa as compared with other studies. Therefore the government and other stakeholders working on maternal and child health should assist in the design of interventions and strategies for improving the quality of neonatal care.

Near-Miss Events Detected Using the Emergency Department Trigger Tool.

OBJECTIVES: Near misses include conditions with potential for harm, intercepted medical errors, and events requiring monitoring or intervention to prevent harm. Little is reported on near misses or their importance for quality and safety in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This is a secondary evaluation of data from a retrospective study of the ED Trigger Tool (EDTT) at an urban, academic ED (data from October 1, 2014, to October 31, 2015; 92,859 eligible visits). All patients 18 years and older completing a visit were eligible. We ran the EDTT, a computerized query for triggers on 13 months of ED visit data, reviewing 5582 selected records using a 2-tiered approach. Events were categorized by occurrence (ED vs present on arrival [POA]), severity, omission/commission, and type, using a taxonomy with categories, subcategories, and cross-cutting modifiers. RESULTS: We identified 1458 ED near misses in 1269 of 5582 records (22.7%) and 80 near misses that were POA. Patient care events represented most ED near misses, including delays in diagnosis, treatment, and failure to monitor, primarily driven by ED boarding and crowding. Medication events were second most common (17%), including 80 medication administration errors. Of 80 POA events, 42% were related to overanticoagulation. We estimate that 19.3% of all ED visits include a near miss. CONCLUSIONS: Near-miss events are relatively common (22.7% of our sample, 19.3% in the population) and are associated with an increased risk for an adverse event. Most events were patient care related (77%) involving delays due to crowding and ED boarding followed by medication administration errors. The EDTT is a high-yield approach for detecting important near misses and latent system deficiencies that impact patient safety.

Characteristics of retained foreign bodies and near-miss events in the operating room: a ten-year experience at one institution.

PURPOSE: Retained foreign bodies (RFBs) are a major complication of surgical procedures. However, the efficacy of preventive measures is not well defined. This study investigates the characteristics of potential (near miss) and actual RFBs, and the contributions of routine practice for the prevention of RFB events. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of incident reports regarding near-miss and RFB events in patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia in our institution between October 2008 and November 2018. RESULTS: Among 49,831 operations under general anesthesia, there were 106 (2.13/1000) near-miss events and 24 (0.48/1000) RFB events. Counting surgical materials and intraoperative X-rays detected the remaining items before completion of surgery in 59 (56%) and 15 (14%) cases, respectively. The operator or staff noticed the surgical materials in the remaining 32 (30%) near-miss events. RFBs included 4 sponges (17%), 4 instruments (17%), 4 needles (17%), and 12 miscellaneous items (50%). Of these, 12 (50%) RFBs were discovered on postoperative X-rays and 16 (67%) patients required operative removal. Four incidents (17%) with RFBs were attributable to ignoring count discrepancies during surgery. CONCLUSION: The actual incidence of RFB events is higher than previously reported. A standardized counting protocol, communication among staff, and intra- and postoperative X-rays may contribute to the prevention and detection of RFBs.

Factors associated with neonatal near miss in a Midwest capital in Brazil / Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal em uma capital do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to estimate neonatal near miss rates and investigate sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and neonate factors residing in a Midwest capital city. Methods: observational cohort study of live births from Cuiabá in the period of 2015 to 2018, with data from the Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos (Mortality and Live Birth Information Systems). The neonatal near miss rate was calculated according to sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and neonate variables. Logistic regression model was adjusted to analyze the factors associated with neonatal near miss. Results: the neonatal near miss rate was 22.8 per thousand live births and the variables showed an association with the outcome were: maternal age 35 years or older (OR=1.53; CI95%=1.17-2.00), having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR=2.43; CI95%=2.08-2.86), non-cephalic fetal presentation (OR=3.09; CI95%=2.44-3.92), multiple pregnancy (OR=3.30; CI95%=2.57- 4.23), no live birth (OR=1.62; CI95%=1.34-1.96) or one live birth (OR=1.22; CI95%=1.00-1.48), delivery in public/university hospital (OR=2.16; CI95%=1.73-2.71) and philanthropic hospital (OR=1.51; CI95%=1.19-1.91) and non-induced labor (OR=1.50; CI95%=1.25-1.80). Conclusion: the neonatal near miss rate was 3.04 cases for each death, and neonatal near miss was influenced by maternal characteristics, obstetric history, type of birth hospital, and delivery care organization.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar as taxas de near miss neonatal e investigar os fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos, do parto e dos neonatos residentes em uma capital do Centro-Oeste. Métodos: estudo observacional de coorte de nascidos vivos de Cuiabá no período de 2015 a 2018, com dados dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foi calculada a taxa de near miss neonatal conforme as variáveis sociodemográficas, obstétricas, do parto e dos neonatos. Modelo de regressão logística foi ajustado para analisar os fatores associados ao near miss neonatal. Resultados: a taxa de near miss neonatal foi 22,8 por mil nascidos vivos e as variáveis que apresentaram associação com o desfecho foram: idade materna de 35 anos ou mais (OR=1,53; IC95%=1,17-2,00), realizar menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR=2,43; IC95%=2,08-2,86), apresentação fetal não cefálica (OR=3,09; IC95%=2,44-3,92), gravidez múltipla (OR=3,30; IC95%=2,57-4,23), nenhum filho nascido vivo (OR=1,62; IC=1,34-1,96) ouum filho nascido vivo (OR=1,22; IC95%=1,00-1,48), parto em hospital público/universitário (OR=2,16; IC95%=1,73-2,71) e filantrópico (OR=1,51; IC95%=1,19-1,91)e trabalho de parto não induzido (OR=1,50; IC95%=1,25-1,80). Conclusão: a taxa de near miss neonatal foi de 3,04 casos para cada óbito, sendo que o near miss neonatal foi influenciado pelas características maternas, histórico obstétrico, tipo do hospital do nascimento e organização da assistência ao parto.

Fatores de risco para near miss materno: revisão integrativa / Risk factors for maternal near miss: an integrative review / Factores de riesgo para near miss materno: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: sumarizar os principais fatores de risco relacionados ao near miss materno. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi efetuada em 21 de março de 2021, nas bases de dados: NationalLibrary of Medicine - Medline via PubMed; Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Science Direct,Elservier's Scopus, Web of Science e no portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Os estudos foram avaliados com a Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. Resultados: 12 artigos compuseram a revisão, todos de método quantitativo e idioma inglês. As evidências destacaram como risco para near miss materno: distúrbios hipertensivos, complicações hemorrágicas e a sepse puerperal. Demais achados relacionam-se à distância da moradia e dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde além da baixa escolaridade. Conclusões: os fatores de risco para near miss materno se relacionam com pré-natal inadequado, decorrente de questões geográficas e falta de acesso aos serviços, questões econômicas, educacionais e sociais.

Stage IV endometriosis: to treat or not to treat before in-vitro fertilization? Further considerations besides the pregnancy rate: a case of near-miss for spontaneous hemoperitoneum.

Endometriosis represents a well-known cause of infertility. Recently, its association with spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHIP) was reported. Its occurrence seems to be increased in patients with endometriosis who underwent IVF techniques. We present a case of near miss at 15 weeks of pregnancy associated with SHIP in a nulliparous patient of 39 years old with chronic endometriosis. Previously, she underwent several IVF cycles and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation plus embryo transfer (COH-ET). An explorative laparoscopy was performed, then converted in laparotomy. The bleeding endometriotic tissue was removed and an ureteral stent was placed. The patient lost a total of 4 liters of blood and fully recovered. Unfortunately, miscarriage occurred. The potential link between COH-ET, the number of cycles of ovarian stimulation and SHIP in severe endometriosis must take a part in the balanced decision between preventive surgery of direct hormonal stimulation.

Monitoring Preventable Adverse Events and Near Misses: Number and Type Identified Differ Depending on Method Used.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how many preventable adverse events (PAEs) and near misses are identified through the methods structured record review, Web-based incident reporting (IR), and daily safety briefings, and to distinguish the type of events identified by each method. METHODS: One year of retrospective data from 2017 were collected from one patient cohort in a 422-bed acute care hospital. Preventable adverse events and near misses were collected from the hospital's existing resources and presented descriptively as number per 1000 patient-days. RESULTS: The structured record review identified 19.9 PAEs; the IR system, 3.4 PAEs; and daily safety briefings, 5.4 PAEs per 1000 patient-days. The most common PAEs identified by the record review method were drug-related PAEs, pressure ulcers, and hospital-acquired infections. The most common PAEs identified by the IR system and daily safety briefings were fall injury and pressure ulcers, followed by skin/superficial vessel injuries for the IR system and hospital-acquired infections for the daily safety briefings. Incident reporting and daily safety briefings identified 7.8 and 31.9 near misses per 1000 patient-days, respectively. The most common near misses were related to how care is organized. CONCLUSIONS: The different methods identified different amounts and types of PAEs and near misses. The study supports that health care organizations should adopt multiple methods to get a comprehensive review of the number and type of events occurring in their setting. Daily safety briefings seem to be a particularly suitable method for assessing an organization's inherent security and may foster a nonpunitive culture.

One-Year Prevalence of Perceived Medical Errors or Near Misses and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Medical Professionals: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Objective: Medical errors or near misses (MENM) may cause serious negative outcomes for the patients. However, medical professionals with MENM may also be secondary victims. Although the association between MENM and depression among medical professionals has been explored in several previous studies, the possible causal relationship has been explored less, especially in China. In this study, our first aim was to determine the prevalence of MENM among Chinese medical professionals. We also wanted to explore the causal effect of MENM on depressive symptoms based on a propensity-score matching analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical professionals in Chinese public general hospitals, and 3426 medical professionals were analyzed in this study. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). MENM, social-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, and physical disease were also evaluated in this study. Results: The one-year prevalence of perceived MENM was 2.9% among medical professionals in Chinese public general hospitals. The results of logistic regressions showed that working hours/week (OR = 1.02, p < 0.05) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.05, p < 0.001) were associated with MENM. After propensity score matching, depressive symptoms were associated with MENM (OR = 1.05, p < 0.001) among medical professionals. The associations between occupational characteristics, physical disease, social support, and MENM were not supported by this study. Conclusions: The one-year prevalence of MENM was low in Chinese public general hospitals, and based on our propensity score matching analyses, the occurrence of MENM may cause depressive symptoms in medical professionals. A bigger effort by health systems and organizations may be helpful for reducing MENM.

Prevalencia de eventos adversos y sus manifestaciones en profesionales de la salud como segundas víctimas / Prevalence of adverse events and their manifestations in health professionals as second victims

Introducción. Los eventos adversos pueden causar daño al paciente y también afectar a los profesionales de la salud, lo que los convierte en segundas víctimas. Las intervenciones se han enfocado principalmente en los pacientes, pero poca atención se ha prestado a los profesionales de la salud, probablemente por falta de herramientas. Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de eventos adversos y describir sus manifestaciones en el personal asistencial, con el fin de evidenciar el fenómeno de las segundas víctimas en un hospital de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal analítico mediante una encuesta a 419 profesionales asistenciales de las áreas de hospitalización, urgencias y cirugía en un hospital de alta complejidad de Medellín en el 2019. Se estimó la frecuencia de eventos adversos, y se determinó su asociación con algunas variables laborales y demográficas. Resultados. El 93,1 % de los entrevistados conocía de casos de incidentes y el 79 %, de eventos adversos graves. El 44,4 % se había visto involucrado en un evento adverso, y el 99 % de estos expresaba sentirse como segunda víctima por experimentar dificultad para concentrarse, sentimientos de culpa, cansancio, ansiedad y dudas sobre sus decisiones. El 95 % quería recibir capacitación para afrontar las consecuencias de los eventos adversos y saber cómo informar al paciente. Conclusiones. Con frecuencia los profesionales de la salud se exponen a eventos adversos que pueden causarles emociones negativas como culpa, cansancio, ansiedad e inseguridad. La mayoría de los profesionales que participan en un evento adverso manifiestan sentimientos como segunda víctima. El informar al paciente sobre un evento adverso requiere preparación y la mayoría de los profesionales entrevistados pidió capacitación en el tema.

Introduction: Adverse events can cause harm to the patient, but they also affect health professionals making them second victims of the event. Interventions have been focused mostly on patients, but little on professionals, probably due to lack of tools. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adverse events and describe their manifestations in healthcare personnel to evidence the phenomenon of second victims in a highly complex hospital. Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study by a survey of 419 healthcare professionals from the hospitalization, emergency, and surgical areas in a highly complex hospital in Medellín in 2019. The frequency of adverse events was estimated and its association with some labor and demographic variables was determined. Results: We found that 93.1% of the participants knew of incident cases and 79% of serious adverse events while 44.4% had been involved in them and 99% of these had feelings as a second victim, mainly the difficulty to concentrate, guilt, fatigue, anxiety, and doubts about decisions; 95% indicated they wanted to receive training to face the consequences of adverse events and know how to inform the patient. Conclusions: Health professionals are frequently exposed to adverse events that can cause negative emotions in them such as guilt, fatigue, anxiety, and insecurity. Most professionals who participate in an adverse event express feelings as a second victim. Informing the patient about an adverse event requires preparation and most professionals requested training on the subject.

Morbidade neonatal near miss em um serviço de perinatologia / Morbilidad de near miss neonatal en un servicio de perinatología / Near miss neonatal morbidity in a perinatology service

OBJETIVO: identificar os casos de morbidade neonatal near miss em um serviço de Perinatologia do estado do Maranhão. MÉTODO: pesquisa descritiva e transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir da análise dos dados de recém-nascidos internados na Unidade Neonatal de um Serviço de Perinatologia no período de 2017 a 2018. As análises estatísticas foram processadas no programa estatístico STATA versão 14.0. RESULTADOS: o peso ao nascer <1500g foi a variável que mais classificou casos de near miss neonatal, seguido pela variável de idade gestacional <34 semanas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram associação entre hipertensão gestacional e peso ao nascer; hipertensão gestacional e idade gestacional ao nascer; parto cesáreo e Apgar no 5o minuto ≥ 7; parto cesáreo e sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se a importância da abordagem near miss neonatal para a compreensão ampliada da morbimortalidade neonatal e fatores associados.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to identify cases of neonatal near miss morbidity in a Perinatology service in the state of Maranhão. METHOD: descriptive and cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of data from newborns admitted to the Neonatal Unit of a Perinatology Service from 2017 to 2018. Statistical analyzes were processed in the statistical program STATA version 14.0. RESULTS: birth weight <1500g was the variable that most classified cases of neonatal near miss, followed by the variable of gestational age <34 weeks. The results obtained demonstrated an association between gestational hypertension and birth weight; gestational hypertension and gestational age at birth; cesarean delivery and Apgar at the 5th minute ≥ 7; Cesarean delivery and male. CONCLUSION: the importance of the neonatal near miss approach for a broader understanding of neonatal morbidity and mortality and associated factors was observed.(AU)

OBJETIVO: identificar casos de morbilidad neonatal near miss en un servicio de Perinatología en el estado de Maranhão. MÉTODO: investigación descriptiva y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, basada en el análisis de datos de recién nacidos ingresados en la Unidad Neonatal de un Servicio de Perinatología de 2017 a 2018. La estadística se procesó en el programa estadístico STATA versión 14.0. RESULTADOS: el peso al nacer <1500g fue la variable que más clasificó los casos de cuasi-miss neonatal, seguida de la variable edad gestacional <34 semanas. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una asociación entre la hipertensión gestacional y el peso al nacer; hipertensión gestacional y actos gestacionales al nacer; parto por cesárea y Apgar al quinto minuto ≥ 7; Parto por cesárea y masculino. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó la importancia del enfoque de cuasi accidente neonatal para una comprensión más amplia de la morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal y los factores asociados.(AU)

Associated factors of neonatal near miss among newborns of adolescent mothers in Brazil / Factores asociados al near miss neonatal en recién nacidos de adolescentes brasileñas / Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal em recém-nascidos de adolescentes brasileiras

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the associated factors of neonatal near miss among newborns of Brazilian adolescents and to compare their occurrence in young women aged 12 to 16 years and 17 to 19 years. Method: Cross-sectional, hospital-based study, using data from the study Nascer no Brasil ("Birth in Brazil") on puerperal adolescents and their newborns in all regions of Brazil. Multiple and univariate logistic regression were employed to identify the associated factors of neonatal near miss. Results: The following factors were found to be associated to neonatal near miss among newborns of adolescent mothers: public source of payment (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 2.02-10.32), having to seek help in different maternity hospitals (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.05-2.20), and maternal near miss (OR = 5.92; 95% CI = 1.94-18.05), in addition to a record of low weight in a previous pregnancy (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.61-6.04) and twin pregnancy (OR = 7.49; 95% CI = 3.28-16.82). Conclusion: Neonatal near miss affected newborns of adolescent mothers in both age groups equally. Also, the determinant factors of neonatal near miss can be mostly reduced with qualified prenatal, labor, and birth care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al near miss neonatal en recién nacidos de adolescentes brasileñas y comparar su ocurrencia entre las jóvenes de 12 a 16 años y las de 17 a 19 años. Método: Estudio transversal, de base hospitalaria, con datos de la investigación Nascer no Brasil, compuesta por puérperas adolescentes y sus recién nacidos en todas las regiones de Brasil. Se utilizó regresión logística univariante y múltiple para identificar los factores asociados al near miss neonatal. Resultados: Se asociaron al near miss neonatal los factores fuente de pago pública (OR = 4,57, IC95% = 2,02-10,32), peregrinación por hospitales de maternidad (OR = 1,52; CI95% = 1,05-2,20) y la presencia de near miss materno (OR = 5,92; CI95% = 1,94-18,05), además de los antecedentes de bajo peso en el embarazo anterior (OR = 3,12; CI95% = 1,61-6,04) y el embarazo gemelar (OR = 7,49; CI95% = 3,28-16,82). Conclusión: El near miss neonatal afectó igualmente a los recién nacidos de madres adolescentes de ambos grupos de edad. Además, los factores determinantes del near miss neonatal, en su mayoría, pueden reducirse con la atención cualificada al prenatal, al parto y al nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados ao near miss neonatal em recém-nascidos de adolescentes brasileiras e comparar sua ocorrência entre as jovens de 12 a 16 anos e as de 17 a 19 anos. Método: Estudo transversal, de base hospitalar, com dados da pesquisa "Nascer no Brasil", composto por puérperas adolescentes e seus recém-nascidos em todas as regiões do país. Utilizou-se regressão logística univariada e múltipla para identificar os fatores associados ao near miss neonatal. Resultados: Mostraram-se associados ao near miss neonatal de recém-nascidos de mães adolescentes os fatores fonte de pagamento público (OR = 4,57, IC95% = 2,02-10,32), peregrinação por maternidades (OR = 1,52; IC95% = 1,05-2,20) e presença de near miss materno (OR = 5,92; IC95% = 1,94-18,05), além de histórico de baixo peso em gestação anterior (OR = 3,12; IC95% = 1,61-6,04) e gemelaridade (OR = 7,49; IC95% = 3,28-16,82). Conclusão: O near miss neonatal acometeu igualmente os recém-nascidos de mães adolescentes de ambas as faixas etárias. Além disso, os determinantes do near miss neonatal, em sua maioria, podem ser reduzidos com atenção qualificada ao pré-natal, parto e nascimento.

Near-miss materno e violência obstétrica: uma relação possível? / Maternal near-miss and obstetric violence: a possible relation? / Near-miss materno y violencia obstétrica: øuna posible relación?

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva analisar a compreensão das mulheres que vivenciaram a morbidade materna aguda grave (near-miss materno) sobre a assistência obstétrica recebida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com referencial metodológico da história oral temática, realizada por meio de entrevistas presenciais. Participaram do estudo doze mulheres de diferentes regiões brasileiras e que vivenciaram o near-miss materno, principalmente, por complicações de síndromes hipertensivas, hemorragias e infecções. Das memórias coletivas emergidas, identificou-se a violência obstétrica na forma de: I. abuso físico; II. intervenções não consentidas ou aceitas com base em informações parciais ou distorcidas; III. cuidado não confidencial ou privativo; IV. tratamento não digno e abuso verbal; e V. abandono, negligência ou recusa de atendimento. Em conclusão, a violência obstétrica pode somar-se aos eventos que culminarão no near-miss materno e, nesse sentido, é potencialmente ameaçadora da vida.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the understanding of women who experienced the maternal near-miss about obstetric care received. It was a research of a qualitative approach, with a methodological reference of the thematic oral history, carried out through interviews with women who lived maternal near-miss. Twelve women from different Brazilian regions were interviewed and who experienced maternal near-miss, mainly due to complications of hypertensive syndromes, hemorrhages and infections. From the emerged collective memories, obstetric violence was identified in the form of: I. physical abuse; II. interventions not consented or accepted based on partial or distorted information; III. non-confidential or private care; IV. non-dignified care and verbal abuse; and V. abandonment, negligence or refusal of care. In conclusion, that obstetric violence can added to the events that will culminate in maternal near-miss and, in this sense, it is potentially life threatening.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la comprensión de las mujeres que experimentaron morbilidad materna aguda severa (near-miss materno) sobre la atención obstétrica recibida. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, con un marco metodológico de historia oral temática, realizada a través de entrevistas presenciales. Participaron en el estudio 12 mujeres de diferentes regiones brasileñas que experimentaron near-miss materno, principalmente debido a complicaciones de síndromes hipertensivos, hemorragias e infecciones. A partir de las memorias colectivas surgidas, se identificó la violencia obstétrica en forma de: I. maltrato físico; II. intervenciones no consentidas o aceptadas con base en información parcial o distorsionada; III. atención no confidencial o privada; IV. trato indigno y abuso verbal; y V. abandono, negligencia o negativa a asistir. En conclusión, la violencia obstétrica puede se sumar a los eventos que culminarán en un casi accidente materno y, en este sentido, es potencialmente mortal.

Factors associated with neonatal-near miss: birth cohorts in three Brazilian cities - Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís, Brazil / Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal: coortes de nascimentos de três cidades brasileiras - Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas e São Luís, Brasil

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, maternal reproductive profile and prenatal and childbirth care with neonatal near miss (NNM) morbidity in four birth cohorts. This study involved four population-based birth cohorts: Ribeirão Preto (RP) and São Luís (SL) (2010), Pelotas 2004 (PEL04) and 2015 (PEL15). NNM was defined when one or more of the following conditions were present: birthweight <1,500 g, 5-minute Apgar score <7, gestational age <32 weeks, and report of congenital malformations. The covariates were obtained with questionnaires applied to the puerperal women. Some particularities between cohorts were identified. In the RP and SL cohorts, factors of the more distal levels (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and reproductive profile) were associated with NNM. On the other hand, proximal factors related to healthcare were more significant for the occurrence of NNM in PEL. Only the absence of prenatal care was associated with NNM in all cohorts: RP (OR=4.27, 95%CI 2.16-8.45), SL (OR=2.32, 95%CI 1.09-4.94), PEL04 (OR=4.79, 95%CI 1.59-14.46), and PEL15 (OR=5.10, 95%CI 2.60-9.97).

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, perfil reprodutivo maternos e atenção pré-natal e ao parto com a morbidade near miss neonatal (NMN), em quatro coortes de nascimento. Este estudo envolveu quatro coortes de nascimento: Ribeirão Preto (RP) e São Luís (SL) (2010), Pelotas 2004 (PEL04) e 2015 (PEL15). Foi considerado NMN quando presente uma ou mais das seguintes condições: peso ao nascer <1.500g, índice de Apgar <7 no quinto minuto de vida, idade gestacional <32 semanas e relato de malformações congênitas. As covariáveis foram obtidas por meio de questionários aplicados às puérperas. Para análise, foi utilizada regressão logística múltipla com abordagem hierarquizada. Algumas particularidades entre as coortes foram verificadas. Nas coortes de RP e SL foram observadas associações dos fatores dos níveis mais distais (sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e perfil reprodutivo) com o NMN. Por outro lado, em PEL os fatores proximais relacionados à atenção à saúde foram mais significativos para ocorrência de NMN. Apenas a não realização do pré-natal associou-se ao NMN em todas as coortes: RP (OR=4,27, IC95% 2,16-8,45), SL (OR=2,32, IC95% 1,09-4,94), PEL04 (OR=4,79, IC95% 1,59-14,46) e PEL15 (OR=5,10, IC95% 2,60-9,97).

The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A near miss disaster.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread postponement and cancelation of elective vascular surgeries in Switzerland. The consequences of these decisions are poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this observational, retrospective, single-center cohort study, we describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic containment strategies on patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) referred during the period March 11, to May 11, 2020, compared to the same time frames in 2018 to 2019. Patients admitted for acute limb ischemia (ALI) or chronic PAD and undergoing urgent or elective vascular surgery or primary amputation were included. Patients' characteristics, indications for admission, and surgical features were analyzed. The occurrence of 30 day outcomes was assessed, including length of stay, rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE), and procedural and hemodynamic success. RESULTS: Overall, 166 patients were included. Fewer subjects per 10 day period were operated in 2020 compared to, 2018 to 2019 (6.7 vs. 10.5, respectively; P < 0.001). The former had higher rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25% vs. 11.1%; P = 0.029), and ASA score (3.13 vs. 2.90; P = 0.015). The percentage of patients with ALI in 2020 was about double that of the same period in 2018 to 2019 (47.5% vs. 24.6%; P = 0.006). Overall, the types of surgery were similar between 2020 and 2018 to 2019, while palliative care and primary amputations occurred only in 2020 (5 out 40 cases). The rate of post-operative MACE was significantly higher in 2020 (10% vs. 2.4%; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: During the first state of emergency for COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, less regular medical follow-up and hindered hospital access could have resulted in more acute and advanced clinical presentations of patients with PAD undergoing surgery. Guidelines are needed to provide appropriate care to this vulnerable population and avoid a large-scale disaster.