O perfil da produção científica neuropsicológica no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa / The profile of neuropsychological scientific production in Brazil: an integrative review

A neuropsicologia surgiu a partir de interações entre diferentes áreas e busca compreender a relação cérebro e mente, com enfoque na base anatômica das funções cognitivas. O presente artigo apresenta um panorama da neuropsicologia no Brasil nos últimos cinco anos, por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Os dados foram coletados selecionando cinco recursos informacionais: Literatura Latino Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO, Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia - PePSIC, Index Psi Periódicos Técnico-Científicos e Google acadêmico. A amostra final é composta por 20 artigos, cuja abordagem metodológica predominante é do tipo quantitativa. O periódico com mais publicações foi a Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana e, as palavras-chave identificadas, "neuropsicologia", "cognição" e "funções executivas" foram as mais adotadas nos artigos. Concluiu-se, com a presente revisão bibliográfica integrativa, que a temática mais abordada no contexto da neuropsicologia no Brasil são os transtornos mentais.

ILAE survey of neuropsychology practice in pediatric epilepsy surgery evaluation.

To determine the extent to which specific neuropsychological measures are in common use around the world for the assessment of children who are candidates for epilepsy surgery. As part of the work of the International League Against Epilepsy Pediatric Surgical Task Force, a survey was developed and distributed online. The survey consisted of questions related to demographics, training experience, general practice, and specific measures used and at what frequency. Seventy-eight clinicians with an average of 13.5 years of experience from 19 countries responded to the survey; 69% were English-speaking. Pre- and post-neuropsychological evaluations were conducted with a majority of children undergoing surgical resection for epilepsy. There was high consistency (>90%) among the domains evaluated, while consistency rate among specific measures was more variable (range: 0-100%). Consistency rates were also lower among respondents in non-English-speaking countries. For English-speaking respondents, at least one measure within each domain was used by a majority (>75%) of clinicians; 19 specific measures met this criterion. There is consensus of measures used in neuropsychological studies of pediatric epilepsy patients which provides a basis for determining which measures to include in establishing a collaborative data repository to study surgical outcomes of pediatric epilepsy. Challenges include selecting measures that promote collaboration with centers in non-English-speaking countries and providing data from children under age 5.

Demencia reversible por déficit de vitamina B12 / Reversible dementia by vitamin B12 deficiency

Antecedentes:Se define demencia como el desarrollo de múltiples defectos cognitivos manifestados por la incapacidad de aprender nueva información o para utilizar la ya aprendida y una o más de las siguientes: afasia, apraxia, agnosia y alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas, la naturaleza per se no indica una patología en particular. Una vez establecido la presencia de demencia se debe de realizar un abordaje diagnóstico para detectar causas potencialmente tratables y reversibles, como es el caso del déficit de vitamina B12. Caso Clínico: Masculino de 42 años sin antecedentes personales patológicos, quien desarrollo síntomas progresivos de deterioro cognitivo y del comportamiento asociado con alteraciones neuropsiquiatrías (memoria, organización, planeación, cálculo, estado de ánimo). Su perfil neuropsicológico mostro datos sugestivos de demencia, los datos de laboratorio revelaron anemia macrocítica hipercrómica y niveles bajos de Vitamina B12. Se recuperó completamente después del tratamiento con vitamina B12. En su seguimiento a 12 meses se ha mantenido asintomático neuropsicológicamente. Conclusión:Como se reporta en la literatura, en este caso se constata que la deficiencia de vitamina B12 es una causa de demencia, la cual es reversible si se hace el diagnóstico, etiológico y manejo preciso...

Iron states and cognitive abilities in young adults: neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment.

Many investigators found that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) had a great influence on cognitive functions in infants and children. However, studies of such topic in adults are few and controversial. We prospectively assessed the possible influence of IDA and iron supplementation (for 3 months) on cognitive function and intelligence of 28 young adults with IDA. We used group of hematological, cognitive, neurophysiological tests for assessment including: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory scale-revised (WMS-R), Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-R), event-related potentials (ERPs), and electroencephalography (EEG). Compared to controls, patients demonstrated lower scores of different cognitive tests (MMSE, WMS-R, and WAIS-R), which showed significant improvement after treatment. Prolongation of ERPs latencies (N200 and P300) and reduction in their amplitudes (P200 and P300) were identified with significant increase in amplitude occurred after treatment. EEG abnormalities were observed in 55% of patients which showed improvement in 35% after treatment. Positive correlation was identified before and after treatment between hemoglobin levels and MMSE (P=0.01, 0.05), total verbal (P=0.04) and performance (P=0.05, 0.04) IQ scores. Negative correlation was identified between before and after treatment between P300 latency and total IQ of WAIS-R (P=0.03, 0.008) and hemoglobin level (P=0.4, 0.01). Positive correlation was found before and after treatment between P300 amplitude and total IQ (P=0.028, 0.01) and serum iron (P=0.01, 0.001). In conclusion, IDA is a significant factor in cognitive performance in adult population, which can be partially reversed by treatment.

Estudo controlado das funções executivas no transtorno bipolar / Controlled study of executive functions in bipolar disorder

Este estudo investigou o funcionamento executivo em pacientes bipolares eutímicos, comparando os resultados obtidos aos de um grupo de sujeitos controles. Vinte e cinco pacientes bipolares eutímicos e 31 controles foram avaliados por uma bateria de provas neuropsicológicas e um questionário auto-aplicativo sobre as habilidades sociais. Houve uma diferença significativa na prova de fluência verbal, com menor produtividade para o grupo de pacientes. Foi encontrada associação entre o número de internações, presença de sintomas psicóticos ao longo da vida e os resultados dos testes neuropsicológicos. No Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, pacientes bipolares pontuaram menos nos itens que avaliavam as habilidades de “conversação e desenvoltura social” e, “auto-exposição a desconhecidos e situações novas” / This study aims to analyze the executive functioning in a group of euthymic bipolar patients in comparison to a healthy control group. Twenty-five euthymic bipolar patients and 31 controls underwent neuropsychological tests and self-report questionnaires about social skills. A significant difference was observed in the verbal fluency test, with a smaller productivity in the patients’ group. There was an association between the number of hospitalizations, lifetime occurrence of psychotic symptoms and neuropsychological tests results. Bipolar patients had lower scores on the social skills inventory, particularly in items that assess "conversation abilities and social self-confidence" and " self-exposition to unknown people and new situations...