Current Trends in Compensation for Fellowship in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Graduates: A 6-Year Follow-Up.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To present updated information regarding compensation patterns for Fellowship in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery (FMIGS)-graduated physicians in the United States beginning practice during the last 10 years, focusing on the variables that have an impact on differences in salary, including gender, fellowship duration, geographic region, practice setting, and practice mix. DESIGN: An online survey was sent to FMIGS graduates between March 15, 2019 and April 12, 2019. Information on physicians' demographics, compensation (on the basis of location, practice model, productivity benchmarks, academic rank, and years in practice), and attitudes toward fairness in compensation was collected. SETTING: Online survey. PARTICIPANTS: FMIGS graduates practicing in the United States. INTERVENTION: E-mail survey. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We surveyed 298 US FMIGS surgeons who had graduated during the last 10 years (2009-2018). The response rate was 48.7%. Most of the respondents were women (69%). Most of the graduates (84.8%) completed 2- or 3-year fellowship programs. After adjustment for inflation, the median starting salary for the first postfellowship job was $252 074 ($223 986-$279 983) (Table 1). The median time spent in the first job was 2.6 years, and the median total salary at the current year rose to $278 379.4 ($241 437-$350 976). The median salary for respondents entering a second postfellowship job started at $280 945 ($261 409-$329 603). Significantly lower compensation was reported for female FMIGS graduates in their initial postfellowship jobs and was consistently lower than for that of men over time. Most FMIGS graduates (59.7%) reported feeling inadequately compensated for their level of specialization. CONCLUSION: A trend toward higher self-reported salaries is noted for FMIGS graduates in recent years, with significant differences in compensation between men and women. Among obstetrics and gynecology subspecialists, FMIGS graduates earn significantly less than other fellowship-trained physicians, with median salaries that are lower than those of generalist obstetrics and gynecology physicians.

Perinatal depression screening rates, correlates, and treatment recommendations in an obstetric population.

INTRODUCTION: The current study aimed to assess perinatal depression (PD) screening and treatment practices of obstetrical health care providers. METHOD: Retrospective record reviews (n = 557) evaluated the PD screening, referral, and treatment practices at an Obstetrician/Gynecology practice. This study assessed the frequency of screening for PD, rates of elevated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, treatment recommendations, demographic correlates, and predictors of elevated EPDS scores. RESULTS: PD screening completion rates were: 60.1% (intake), 35% (glucola test), and 85.5% (6-week follow-up). Rates of clinically elevated EPDS scores were: 18.21% (intake), 17.43% (glucola test), and 13.00% (6-week follow-up). Correlates of clinically elevated EPDS scores at intake and 6-week follow-up were history of depression, history of anxiety, and young age. History of depression and anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of having a clinically significant EPDS score at intake. Intake EPDS score and history of depression were associated with an increased likelihood of having a clinically significant EPDS score at 6-week follow-up. DISCUSSION: Obstetric/gynecology providers should screen for perinatal depression at every obstetrical appointment. It is important to thoroughly assess history of depression and anxiety. Education and training for health care providers and perinatal women may improve the mental health experience of perinatal women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

How to prevent in-hospital COVID-19 infection and reassure women about the safety of pregnancy: Experience from an obstetric center in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the emergency responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for pregnant patients at our hospital and their effect on hospital operations and patients' outcomes. METHODS: We developed strategies to prevent hospital-associated transmission of COVID-19 in obstetric care. Infrastructure, including the fever clinic and wards, were modified. Outpatient volume was controlled and screening processes were strictly performed. Verification of the virus was compulsory for non-surgery and non-emergency patients. Emergency operations were performed in a negative pressure theater with surgeons fully protected. Outcomes were analyzed and the patients' characteristics were evaluated. The effect of intervention on depressed and anxious patients was assessed. Data from the first 2 months of 2019 and 2020 were compared. RESULTS: No in-hospital COVID-19 infections occurred in our unit. During the epidemic, patient volume significantly decreased. While major characteristics of patients were similar, a higher prevalence of gestational hypertension was found in 2020 than in 2019. Psychological interventions showed optimistic effects in ameliorating depression and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our strategies were effective in preventing in-hospital infection of COVID-19 and reassuring women about the safety of pregnancy. Monitoring and managing psychological issues were necessary during this critical period.

Hysterectomy Route and Numbers Reported by Graduating Residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology Training Programs.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize trends in self-reported numbers and routes of hysterectomy for obstetrics and gynecology residents using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log database. METHODS: Hysterectomy case log data for obstetrics and gynecology residents completing training between 2002-2003 and 2017-2018 were abstracted from the ACGME database. Total numbers of hysterectomies and modes of approach (abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal) were compared using bivariate statistics, and trends over time were analyzed using simple linear regression. RESULTS: Hysterectomy data were collected from 18,982 obstetrics and gynecology residents in a median of 243 (interquartile range 241-246) ACGME-accredited programs. The number of graduating residents increased significantly over time (12.1/year, P<.001), whereas the number of residency programs decreased significantly (0.52 fewer programs per year, P<.001) over the 16-year period. For cases logged as "surgeon," the median number of abdominal hysterectomies decreased by 56.5% from 85 (interquartile range 69-102) to 37 (interquartile range 34-43) (P<.001). The median number of vaginal hysterectomies decreased by 35.5% from 31 (interquartile range 24-39) to 20 (interquartile range 17-25) (P=.002). The median total number of hysterectomies per resident decreased by 6.3% from 112 (interquartile range 97-132) to 105 (interquartile range 92-121) (P=.036). In contrast, the median number of laparoscopic hysterectomies increased by 115% from 20 (interquartile range 13-28) in 2008-2009 to 43 (interquartile range 32-56) in 2017-2018, despite the decrease in overall number of hysterectomies (P<.001). These trends were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of hysterectomies performed by obstetrics and gynecology residents in the United States is decreasing, and the routes are changing with decreases in abdominal and vaginal approaches, and an increase in use of laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Telehealth Interventions to Improve Obstetric and Gynecologic Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness of telehealth interventions for improving obstetric and gynecologic health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a comprehensive search for primary literature in ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Qualifying primary studies had a comparison group, were conducted in countries ranked very high on the United Nations Human Development Index, published in English, and evaluated obstetric and gynecologic health outcomes. Cochrane Collaboration's tool and ROBINS-I tool were used for assessing risk of bias. Summary of evidence tables were created using the United States Preventive Services Task Force Summary of Evidence Table for Evidence Reviews. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, RESULTS: Of the 3,926 published abstracts identified, 47 met criteria for inclusion and included 31,967 participants. Telehealth interventions overall improved obstetric outcomes related to smoking cessation and breastfeeding. Telehealth interventions decreased the need for high-risk obstetric monitoring office visits while maintaining maternal and fetal outcomes. One study found reductions in diagnosed preeclampsia among women with gestational hypertension. Telehealth interventions were effective for continuation of oral and injectable contraception; one text-based study found increased oral contraception rates at 6 months. Telehealth provision of medication abortion services had similar clinical outcomes compared with in-person care and improved access to early abortion. Few studies suggested utility for telehealth to improve notification of sexually transmitted infection test results and app-based intervention to improve urinary incontinence symptoms. CONCLUSION: Telehealth interventions were associated with improvements in obstetric outcomes, perinatal smoking cessation, breastfeeding, early access to medical abortion services, and schedule optimization for high-risk obstetrics. Further well-designed studies are needed to examine these interventions and others to generate evidence that can inform decisions about implementation of newer telehealth technologies into obstetrics and gynecology practice.

59º CBGO: congresso brasileiro de ginecologia e obstetrícia: temas livres_i pt / 60th CBGO: Brazilian Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics: free themes

Organizado pela Febrasgo está Edição especial foi dedicada à divulgação dos Temas Livres selecionados para apresentação no 59º Congresso Brasileiro de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Resumos dos temas discutidos sobre como tornar a sua prática ainda melhor, tanto para os profissionais atuantes quanto para os pacientes. Varios debates envolvendo as melhores práticas clinicas, técnicas, tecnologias, casos clínicos complexos e tratamentos, gerando muito aprendizado, vislumbrando melhorar a qualidade de vida das mulheres brasileiras_i pt

Artificial Intelligence in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Is This the Way Forward?

An increasing trend in funding towards artificial intelligence (AI) research in medicine has re-animated huge expectations for future applications. Obstetrics and gynaecology remain highly litigious specialities, accounting for a large proportion of indemnity payments due to poor outcomes. Several challenges have to be faced in order to improve current clinical practice in both obstetrics and gynaecology. For instance, a complete understanding of fetal physiology and establishing accurately predictive antepartum and intrapartum monitoring are yet to be achieved. In gynaecology, the complexity of molecular biology results in a lack of understanding of gynaecological cancer, which also contributes to poor outcomes. In this review, we aim to describe some important applications of AI in obstetrics and gynaecology. We also discuss whether AI can lead to a deeper understanding of pathophysiological concepts in obstetrics and gynaecology, allowing delineation of some grey zones, leading to improved healthcare provision. We conclude that AI can be used as a promising tool in obstetrics and gynaecology, as an approach to resolve several longstanding challenges; AI may also be a means to augment knowledge and assist clinicians in decision-making in a variety of areas in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Tendencia de edad gestacional y cambios en la práctica obstétrica en un período de 10 años / Gestational age trend and changes in obstetric practice in a period of 10 years

Introducción: La edad gestacional, definida como semanas de gestación completas, es el principal predictor de resultados perinatales. El monitoreo de las tendencias en la distribución de la edad gestacinal puede ser un indicador importante de los resultados de salud y desarrollo a largo plazo. Objetivos: Primario: Examinar la tendencia de la edad gestacional de los partos asistidos en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional A. Posadas durante el período comprendido entre 2008-2017. Secundarios: Evaluar la tendencia en la edad gestacional según forma de inicio del parto. Determinar vía de finalización del embarazo según edad gestacional. Establecer complicaciones perinatales asociadas a la edad gestacional. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal. El relevamiento de datos se realizó a través del SIP. Criterio de inclusión: edad gestacional igual o mayor a 37 semanas. Criterios de exclusión: faltante de datos para la variable principal de interés. Las variables se presentan a través de medidas de frecuencia (%). Las comparaciones se realizaron con test Chi cuadrado/Fisher exact test según la conformación de la tabla de doble entrada. Se consideró un p valor<=0.05. Stata 12.0 Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se registraron 38977 nacimientos, de los cuales 28835 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El mayor porcentaje de nacimientos se produjo a las 39 semanas, variando entre 27% (2008) y 35% (2016). Se encontró una disminución gradual de los nacimientos a las 40 semanas, siendo de 12% en 2008 y 6% en 2017. La edad gestacional más frecuente de finalización programada, hasta el 2014 la edad gestacional más frecuente fue 38 semanas (25%-33%) y a partir del 2015 se postergó a las 39 semanas (29%-37%). En cuanto a la vía de finalización, la prevalencia de partos vaginales fue mayor en todas las semanas, aumentando la frecuencia a mayor edad gestacional (p=0.001). Al analizar las complicaciones perinatales se encontró que la tasa de mortalidad perinatal fue en disminución hasta las 39 semanas, con una diferencia mayor a menor edad gestacional al comparar nacimientos programados y espontáneos (24.5%00 vs 13%00; 13%00 vs 7%00; y 4%00 vs 3%00 a las 37, 38 y 39 semanas respectivamente). El 39% de los nacimientos producidos a las 37 semanas de modo programaado requirieron ingreso a terapia intensiva neonatal, disminuyendo a 19% a las 38 y 14% a las 39 semanas. Conclusión: La distribución de la edad gestacional al término del embarazo ha cambiado en los últimos 10 años a expensas de un aumento de la finalización espntánea a las 39 semanas y a un cambio en la práctica obstétrica con respecto a la postergación de una semana en la finalización programada en aquellas mujeres con patologías materno fetales o cesáreas iterativas. Este cambio constribuye a disminuir la morbimortalidad perinatal ya que fue observado que a menos edad gestacional aumentó el ingreso a terapia intensiva neonatal luego del nacimiento programado, así como también contribuye a la disminución del gasto en salud (AU)

This article details trends of the gestational age and changes in the obstetrical practice during a 10 yr, period. We can define gestational age as weeks of complete gestation, as the main predictor of perinatal results. The monitoring of the trends in the distribution of the gestational age can be an important indicator of the results of the health and development in a long term. Objectives: Primary: to examine the tendency of the gestational age of the deliveries attended in our Hospital between 2008-2017. Secondary to evaluate the tendency of the gestational age according to the start of the delivery. To determine the route of ending of the pregnancy according to the start of the delivery. To determine the route of ending of the pregnancy according with the gestational age. To establish perinatal complications associated to the gestational age. With this study it is proposed to evaluate the tendency to the gestational age at the birth, in a 10-yr. period in our institution and if changes in the obstetric practice in that period influenced in it. In conclusion, the results obtained in this investigation, justify the change of behaviour in the programmed ending of the pregnancy, contributing to the decrease of the perinatal morbi-mortality, and in consecuence, to the diminishing of the waste in health (AU)

IFPA meeting 2018 workshop report II: Abnormally invasive placenta; inflammation and infection; preeclampsia; gestational trophoblastic disease and drug delivery.

Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2018 there were nine themed workshops, five of which are summarised in this report. These workshops discussed new perspectives and knowledge in the following areas of research: 1) preeclampsia; 2) abnormally invasive placenta; 3) placental infection; 4) gestational trophoblastic disease; 4) drug delivery to treat placental dysfunction.

Surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia: a Cambrian explosion for global health.

Our current global health structure has not yet evolved to do what the world needs of it. Despite significant advances in some areas of public health over the past few decades, disparities in health have worsened in many areas. The historical approach of global health governance to health issues has been overwhelmingly led by vertical, single disease efforts. Yet, this structure cannot effectively implement broad-reaching international development goals set forth by the United Nations. The solution requires a rapid evolution of the present health system conceptualisation. As the Cambrian period brought skeletal infrastructure to life on our planet with vertebrates, allowing life to take on new capabilities never before witnessed on earth, so will surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia provide the much needed healthcare delivery infrastructure that will allow health system strengthening to take global healthcare along a new path. Surgery, anaesthesia and obstetrics form the core foundation upon which the whole of global health is built and serve as the skeletal structure and indicator of robust health systems. Integrating these domains as the backbone of health system strengthening will finally allow global health to stand and support all sectors of healthcare delivery as an equal partner in health.

Hereditary Cancer Risk Assessment and Genetic Testing in the Community-Practice Setting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and results of incorporating routine hereditary cancer risk assessment, counseling, and follow-up genetic testing in the community obstetrics and gynecology practice setting without referral to a genetic counselor. METHODS: This prospective process intervention study was conducted with two obstetrics and gynecology practice groups (five sites). The intervention included baseline process assessment, refinement of clinic-specific patient screening workflows and tools, and training in hereditary cancer risk screening and follow-up. Outcomes related to hereditary cancer assessment and testing were measured during an 8-week postintervention period. Patients and health care providers were surveyed about satisfaction with the process. Data also were collected during the 8 weeks before the intervention to assess the effects of screening process improvements. RESULTS: A total of 4,107 patients were seen during the postintervention period, and 92.8% (3,811) were assessed for hereditary cancer risk. Among those assessed, 906 of 3,811 (23.8%) women met National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for genetic testing, and 813 of 906 (89.7%) eligible patients were offered genetic testing. A total of 165 of 4,107 (4.0%) women completed genetic testing and received a final test result. This represents a fourfold increase over genetic testing immediately before the intervention (1.1%) and an eightfold increase over the previous year (0.5%). Testing identified pathogenic variants in 9 of 165 (5.5%) tested women. All health care providers (15/15) reported that they will continue to use the established hereditary cancer risk assessment process. In addition, 98.8% (167/169) of patients who submitted a sample for genetic testing and completed a patient satisfaction survey stated that they were able to understand the information provided, and 97.6% (165/169) expressed satisfaction with the overall process. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to incorporate hereditary cancer risk assessment, education, and testing into community obstetrics and gynecology practices. As a result, multigene panel testing identified significant cancer risks that otherwise would not have been recognized.

Rebirth of childbirth: reflections on medicalization of the Brazilian obstetric care / Renacimiento del parto: reflexiones sobre la medicalización de la atención obstétrica en Brasil / Renascimento do parto: reflexões sobre a medicalização da atenção obstétrica no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the medicalization process of childbirth and birth and its consequences based on a Brazilian audiovisual media artifact. Method: reflective and interpretive analysis of the documentary O Renascimento do Parto (The Rebirth of Childbirth) based on Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: c-section emerges as an alternative to adverse conditions of pregnancy. However, it has become a routine and abusive practice of a medicalized obstetric care, thus becoming a social problem. In order to the incidence of c-sections decrease, women's protagonism must be restored, in addition to considering psychological, affective, emotional, spiritual, cultural, and contextual aspects in childbirth. Conclusion: childbirth is established as a material element and a mental phenomenon of social practices. We must interrupt the predominant model, allowing the body to express itself through the release of oxytocin, and decrease the segregation that c-section causes, thus enabling affective bonds.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el proceso de medicalización al parto y nacimiento y sus consecuencias, a partir de un artefacto mediático audiovisual brasileño. Método: análisis reflexivo e interpretativo del documental "O Renascimento do Parto", basado en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso. Resultados: la cesárea se configura como alternativa a condiciones adversas en la gestación. Sin embargo, se convirtió en una práctica rutinaria y abusiva, de una atención obstétrica medicalizada, pasando a ser un problema social. Para que la incidencia de cesáreas disminuya es necesario que sea restituido el protagonismo de la mujer, además de considerar aspectos psicológicos, afectivos, emocionales, espirituales, culturales y contextuales en el parto. Conclusión: el parto se configura como elemento material y fenómeno mental de las prácticas sociales. Es necesario romper con el modelo predominante, permitir que el cuerpo se exprese por medio de la liberación de oxitocina y disminuir la segregación que la cesárea provoca, proporcionando la formación de vínculos afectivos.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre o processo de medicalização ao parto e nascimento e suas consequências, a partir de um artefato midiático audiovisual brasileiro. Método: análise reflexiva e interpretativa do documentário "O Renascimento do Parto", baseada na Análise do Discurso Crítica. Resultados: a cesariana configura-se como alternativa para condições adversas gestacionais. Entretanto, tornou-se uma prática rotineira e abusiva, de uma atenção obstétrica medicalizada, passando a ser um problema social. Para que a incidência de cesarianas diminua é necessário que seja restituído o protagonismo da mulher, além de considerar aspectos psicológicos, afetivos, emocionais, espirituais, culturais e contextuais no parto. Conclusão: o parto configura-se como elemento material e fenômeno mental das práticas sociais. É necessário romper com o modelo predominante, permitir que o corpo se expresse por meio da liberação de ocitocina e diminuir a segregação que a cesariana provoca, proporcionando a formação de vínculos afetivos.

A negociação de um corpo com dor: racionalidade biomédica na dinâmica ritualizada do trabalho de parto hospitalar / The negotiation of a body with pain: biomedical rationality in the ritualized dynamics of hospital labor

Resumo O objeto deste artigo é analisar o status da parturiente durante o ritual do trabalho de parto hospitalar. Para isto, partimos do entendimento da racionalidade biomédica de que o paradigma obstétrico se caracteriza pela intervenção técnica e tecnológica no corpo feminino, pela crença de sua biologia instável e pelo caráter liminar da parturiente, na expectativa do nascimento de um bebê saudável. A metodologia utilizada para o trabalho original foi qualitativa, baseada na observação participante dos atendimentos obstétricos que aconteceram nas salas de admissão, pré-parto e parto de uma maternidade pública do município do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos achados foi feita a partir da teoria antropológica dos rituais e de trabalhos que consideram a intervenção técnica e tecnológica no corpo das parturientes pela racionalidade biomédica. O diálogo que se estabelece entre obstetras e parturientes considera diferentes perspectivas, atores, locais e instrumentos, estabelecendo o sofrimento corporal, pela dor do trabalho de parto, como o grande negociador da dinâmica ritual.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the women's status during labor. We start with the understanding of the biomedical rationality that characterize the obstetric paradigm, by the technical and technological intervention on the female body, in the belief of its biological instability and the liminal character of the women in labor, with the expectation of normal birth. The methodology used was the participant observation of women in labor in a public maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis was based on the viewpoint of the theory of rituals, considering the technical and technological interventions on the women's bodies. The dialogue established between the obstetric staff and the women in labor includes different perspectives, actors, settings and instruments, affirming the bodies' suffering as the great negotiator of the ritual dynamics.

Motivos para atuação e formação profissional: percepção de doulas / Reasons for certification and professional performance: the doulas’ perception

Resumo A discussão sobre as práticas profissionais no modelo obstétrico brasileiro torna-se potente quando é possível destacar a atuação de cada ator neste cenário. Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar os fatores motivacionais para mulheres buscarem a formação de doula e desenvolverem suas atividades profissionais. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa exploratório-descritiva, realizada com 13 doulas, participantes de formação específica, através de entrevistas individuais por telefone. Após a análise dos depoimentos, emergiram duas categorias: O motivo para a formação no curso de doula; Os grupos de referência como perspectiva para o trabalho das doulas. Evidenciou-se que experiências individuais com o próprio parto motivaram mulheres na busca desta formação e que o fortalecimento da profissionalização por meio da constituição de grupos é uma forma buscada pelas doulas para qualificar sua atuação na obstetrícia.

Abstract The discussion about professional practices in the Brazilian obstetric model becomes potent when it is possible to highlight the performance of each actor in this scenario. This study aimed to analyze the motivational factors for women seeking the formation of doula and to develop their professional activities. It is an exploratory-descriptive qualitative research, carried out with 13 doulas, specific training participants, through individual telephone interviews. After the analysis of the testimonies, two categories emerged: The reason for the formation in the doula course; and Reference groups as a perspective for the work of doulas. It was evidenced that individual experiences with the birth itself motivated women in the search for this formation and that the strengthening of professionalization through the constitution of groups is a form sought by the doulas to qualify their work in obstetrics.