Assuntos
Displasia Cleidocraniana/cirurgia , Odontoma/cirurgia , Dente Supranumerário/cirurgia , Adulto , Displasia Cleidocraniana/complicações , Displasia Cleidocraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Odontoma/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Dente Supranumerário/dietoterapia , Dente Supranumerário/etiologiaRESUMO
Se presentó el caso clínico de un niño de 8 años de edad, que acude a consulta de Estomatología del Policlínico "Mártires de Jamaica", del municipio Manuel Tames, de la provincia Guantánamo, acompañado de la madre preocupada por la no erupción del diente 21. Al examen clínico se observó ausencia clínica del 21 con espacio para su ubicación con ligero aumento de volumen en el fondo del surco vestibular a nivel de la zona de consistencia dura a la palpación. Se indicó radiografía panorámica observándose imagen radiolúcida con numerosas formaciones radioopacas en su interior que asemejan estructuras dentarias y una banda radiolúcida en su periferia que presuntivamente se diagnosticó como un odontoma compuesto, se remite al segundo nivel de atención para excéresis y diagnóstico definitivo. Se discuten algunas características de su etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento(AU)
It was presented the clinical case of an 8-year-old boy, who was attended in the clinic of "Mártires de Jamaica" Polyclinic, in Manuel Tames municipality of Guantanamo province, accompanied by the mother concerned about the non-eruption of tooth 21 .On clinical examination, was observed absence of tooth 21 with space for its location with slight increase in volume at the bottom of the vestibular sulcus at the level of the area hard to palpation. Panoramic x-ray is indicated, with a radiolucent image with numerous radio opaque formations that resemble dental structures and a radiolucent band in its periphery presumptively diagnosed as a compound odontoma. It is referred to the second level of attention for excresis and definitive diagnosis. Some characteristics of its etiology, diagnosis and treatment were discussed(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Odontoma/cirurgia , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Odontoma/etiologia , Odontoma/terapia , Odontoma/patologia , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Retenção de Dentadura , Analgésicos , Anti-InfecciososRESUMO
Odontoma is considered to be the most common odontogenic tumor of the oral cavity. Most odontomas are asymptomatic and are discovered during routine radiographic investigations and can cause disturbances in the eruption of the teeth, most commonly delayed eruption or deflection. By a retrospective study design, demographic and clinical data regarding patients who presented odontomas from year 1995 to 2015 were obtained in order and the influence of active therapy on the dentition and on the treatment of impacted teeth was analyzed. Forty-five patients (mean age 14.2 years) with 29 complex and 16 compound odontomas were included in this retrospective study. Initial symptoms were delayed eruption of permanent teeth (nâ=â25), pain (nâ=â6), swellings (nâ=â4), and no symptoms (nâ=â10); 31 patients were discovered by incidence, all of them via panoramic radiographs. The mandible/maxilla ratio was about 2:1 (31/15). Thirty-two out of 45 odontomas were in close proximity of at least 1 tooth (nâ=â21 at incisive). A total of 12 teeth were extracted (complex: nâ=â8; compound: nâ=â4). Of the nonextracted teeth, 33 teeth were displaced and retained. Of those, 29 teeth were aligned through orthodontic-surgical approach and 4 teeth erupted spontaneously after surgery during the follow-up period. An early detection of odontoma is more likely an accidental radiological finding, hence the need for routine radiographic analysis should be emphasized. Early diagnosis of odontomas in primary dentition is crucial in order to prevent later complications, such as impaction or failure of eruption of teeth.
Assuntos
Dente Pré-Molar/anormalidades , Dente Serotino/anormalidades , Neoplasias Bucais/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Dente Impactado/complicações , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Radiografia Panorâmica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dente Impactado/diagnósticoRESUMO
El odontoma compuesto es un tumor benigno odontogénico conformadopor varios dentículos o dientes rudimentarios los cuales se encuentran conformados de tejido dental organizado. Su etiología no está biendefi nida pero se atribuye a traumatismos durante la primera dentición, así como a procesos infl amatorios o infecciosos, anomalías hereditarias o alteraciones en el gen de control del desarrollo dentario. Su presencia se encuentra entre los tres tumores odontogénicos más frecuentes, en diferente orden según el autor que se consulte. Está relacionado por logeneral con una alteración en la erupción o malposición dental. Tiene predilección en hueso maxilar, frecuentemente asintomáticos, se caracterizan por un crecimiento lento, diagnosticándose de forma casualmediante exámenes radiográfi cos de rutina entre la segunda y terceradécada de la vida. En este estudio se presenta el caso de un pacientefemenino de 14 años de edad, con presencia de un odontoma compuestode 40 dentículos, en la región parasinfi siaria izquierda, tratado medianteenucleación, y colocación de injerto óseo.
The compound odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor composed ofseveral denticles or rudimentary teeth made up of organized dentaltissue. Its etiology is not well defi ned but is attributed to trauma duringthe fi rst dentition, as well as to infl ammatory or infectious processes, inherited abnormalities, odontoblastic hyperactivity or alterations in the gene that controls tooth development. It is among the 3 mostcommon odontogenic tumors, though its ranking among these varies depending on the author consulted. It is usually associated with analteration in the eruption or malposition of teeth. It has a predilection for the maxillary bone, and is often slow-growing and asymptomatic. Odontomas are diagnosed incidentally during routine X-ray examinations of patients between the second and third decades of life. In this study, we present the case of a 14-year-old female patient with the presence of a compound odontoma comprised of 40 denticles inthe left parasymphyseal region, which is treated by enucleation andbone graft placement.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Manifestações Bucais , Odontoma/classificação , Odontoma/epidemiologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/classificação , Classificação Internacional de Doenças/tendências , Calcificações da Polpa Dentária , México , Odontoma/cirurgia , Odontoma/etiologia , Odontoma , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodosRESUMO
Elodontoma was diagnosed in two pet guinea pigs, one involving a maxillary premolar tooth and the other affecting a mandibular incisor tooth. Diagnostic imaging, including radiographs, computed tomography, and oral endoscopy was performed in order to quantify dental disease. Diagnostic imaging was also used to guide treatment of acquired dental disease, which included intraoral restoration of normal occlusal plane and tooth extraction using an extraoral approach. These are the first histologically confirmed cases of elodontoma in guinea pigs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Mandibulares/veterinária , Neoplasias Maxilares/veterinária , Odontoma/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/diagnóstico , Animais , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Incisivo/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Mandibulares/etiologia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/terapia , Neoplasias Maxilares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Maxilares/etiologia , Neoplasias Maxilares/terapia , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Odontoma/etiologia , Odontoma/terapia , Radiografia , Doenças dos Roedores/etiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of the present work is to analyze all scientific evidence to verify whether similarities supporting a unified explanation for odontomas and supernumerary teeth exist. A literature search was first conducted for epidemiologic studies indexed by PubMed, to verify their worldwide incidence. The analysis of the literature data shows some interesting similarities between odontomas and supernumerary teeth concerning their topographic distribution and pathologic manifestations. There is also some indication of common genetic and immuno-histochemical factors. Although from a nosological point of view, odontomas and supernumeraries are classified as distinct entities, they seem to be the expression of the same pathologic process, either malformative or hamartomatous.
Assuntos
Odontoma/etiologia , Dente Supranumerário/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Dentários , Odontogênese/genética , Odontoma/genética , Odontoma/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Síndrome , Dente Supranumerário/genética , Dente Supranumerário/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This report describes the case of a 13-year-old patient who experienced traumatic intrusion of the primary maxillary right central incisor and subsequently suffered an atypical tetrad, comprising of an unerupted compound odontoma associated with a dentigerous cyst, and an impacted, doubly dilacerated permanent maxillary right central incisor; however, the high interconnectivity of the occurrence of four pathologies together is unusual has not previously been reported. SUMMARY: The pathologies were detected 7 years after trauma; surgical removal of odontome along with the dentigerous cyst was performed, followed by orthodontic extrusion of the impacted double-dilacerated permanent central incisor. The 18-month follow-up shows no pathology, no gingival recession, and normal probing depth.
Assuntos
Cisto Dentígero/etiologia , Incisivo/lesões , Neoplasias Maxilares/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Dente Decíduo/lesões , Dente Impactado/etiologia , Adolescente , Cisto Dentígero/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incisivo/anormalidades , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirurgia , Odontoma/cirurgia , Extrusão Ortodôntica/métodos , Ápice Dentário/anormalidades , Germe de Dente/anormalidades , Dente Impactado/terapiaRESUMO
Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo es describir los odontomas compuestos desde una perspectiva actual, a partir de casos clínicos. Casos clínicos: se presentan cuatro casos de niños a los que se les realizó la enucleación de un odontoma, cuyas biopsias confirmaron el diagnóstico inicial. En los controles a distancia, no se registraron recidivas en ninguno de los casos. Conclusión: un odontoma compuesto está constituido por esmalte, dentina y, ocasionalmente, cantidades variables de cemento y pulpa que forman un conjunto de estructuras similares a dientes denominadas dentículos. Su etiología es desconocida. Son asintomáticos, por lo cual, generalmente, se diagnostican como hallazgos radiográficos. El tratamiento consiste en la escisión quirúrgica del odontoma.
Assuntos
Feminino , Criança , Odontoma , Odontoma/cirurgia , Odontoma/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/classificação , Biópsia , Odontoma/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , RecidivaRESUMO
A 12-year-old patient with multiple sequelaes of permanent dentition due to trauma in primary dentition at the age of 8 months, is presented. Clinical and radiographical examinations revealed aesthetical defects, crown-root malformations (#21), hypoplasia (#12, #22), tooth transposition (#13) and odontoma-like malformation (#11). The performed conservative, endo-surgical and prosthetic treatment to gain back the aesthetic and function is reported.
Assuntos
Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Anormalidades Dentárias/etiologia , Coroa do Dente/anormalidades , Traumatismos Dentários/complicações , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dentição Permanente , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Incisivo/lesões , Lactente , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Odontoma/etiologia , Radiografia , Anormalidades Dentárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Avulsão Dentária/complicações , Coroa do Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Decíduo/lesões , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This case report describes the management of developmental dental alterations in permanent dentition as a consequence of severe intrusive luxation in its predecessors in a child of 2 years. At 10 years of age, this patient was referred for consultation due to lack of permanent maxillary right central and lateral incisors. Radiographic examination revealed impaction of hypoplasic permanent maxillary central incisor, absence of the lateral incisor and compound odontoma in region of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. The odontoma was surgically removed and unerupted central incisor was placed in orthodontic traction over a period of 8 months. The central incisor presented with abnormal shape and was restored with composite resin. Odontoma histologic analysis was carried out through Hematoxylin and Eosin coloration and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Cement and osteocement formations were found in soft tissue, as well as some irregularly distributed dentine islands of tooth-like structures, indicative of compound odontoma. We followed up this patient for 5 years and orthodontic management was successfully performed for correct alignment of the maxillary right central incisor impacted by compound odontoma.
Assuntos
Incisivo/lesões , Neoplasias Maxilares/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Avulsão Dentária/complicações , Dente Decíduo/lesões , Dente Impactado/etiologia , Anodontia/etiologia , Criança , Cemento Dentário/patologia , Dentina/patologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incisivo/anormalidades , Masculino , Neoplasias Maxilares/patologia , Odontoma/patologia , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Dente Impactado/terapiaRESUMO
Traumatic injury to a primary tooth and/or a bone fracture has the potential to damage the underlying permanent tooth germ which may disturb its development. The extent of the malformation depends on the developmental stage of the permanent tooth and the intensity of the trauma. The presence of infection may be a predictive factor for these abnormalities. Open surgical procedures can also potentially cause impaction and developmental disturbances. Several developmental alterations such as discolouration, hypoplasia, crown dilaceration, root angulation or dilaceration, sequestration of permanent tooth buds and disturbance in eruption have been reported in permanent teeth after trauma. However, odontoma-like malformations and partial or complete arrest of root formation are rare complications developed after trauma. This article presents a rare case with simultaneous occurrence of an odontoma-like malformation and complete and partial arrested root formations as the results of maxillofacial trauma. Almost all pediatric fractures must be managed with closed reduction as much as possible. However, if it is necessary to perform an open reduction, careful attention must be paid during placement of the osteosynthetic plates and screws; and tooth bud development must be followed periodically.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/complicações , Anormalidades Dentárias/etiologia , Raiz Dentária/anormalidades , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Odontoma/complicações , Odontoma/etiologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The authors present an unusual complication of external mandibular distraction in a child with bilateral complex odontomas in the posterior mandible. CLINICAL REPORT: The patient is a 4-year-old girl with a history of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory distress (Pierre-Robin sequence) treated with neonatal external mandibular distraction. She was referred to our service with bilateral amorphic radio-opaque masses in the body of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of odontomas is uncertain, but different theories exist, such as local trauma, infection, family history, or spontaneous genetic mutation. After severe intrusion injuries to primary teeth, odontomalike malformations have been known to occur in the underlying permanent teeth later in life. This case highlights that externally placed distractors carry greater potential for injury to internal structures of the mandible owing to the unpredictability of placement.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/cirurgia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/etiologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Osteogênese por Distração/efeitos adversos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Micrognatismo/cirurgia , Osteogênese por Distração/instrumentação , Síndrome de Pierre Robin/cirurgia , Insuficiência Respiratória/cirurgia , Retrognatismo/cirurgiaRESUMO
Gardner syndrome (GS) is an abnormality of familial adenomatous polyposis accompanied by characteristic jaw lesions. Gardner syndrome intestinal polyps have a 100% risk of undergoing malignant transformation; consequently, early identification and surgical intervention of the disease are important to prolong the life of the patient. We present a case of GS in a 55-year-old woman. Familial adenomatous polyposis, osteomatous jaw and ocular lesions, several dental abnormalities, and an abdominal desmoid tumor are the characteristic features of this case. This case demonstrates the presence of unusual, widespread, hereditary, osteomatous jaw lesions that caused diagnostic confusion with familial gigantiform cementoma.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Gardner/complicações , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/etiologia , Osteoma/etiologia , Cementoma/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Seio Etmoidal , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Odontoma/etiologia , Neoplasias Orbitárias/etiologia , Osteoma/diagnóstico , Osteoma/genética , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/etiologiaAssuntos
Fibroma Ossificante/cirurgia , Fraturas Mandibulares/complicações , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Biópsia por Agulha , Placas Ósseas , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fibroma Ossificante/etiologia , Fibroma Ossificante/patologia , Seguimentos , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/etiologia , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/patologia , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Fraturas Mandibulares/patologia , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/etiologia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/etiologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/patologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/cirurgia , Odontoma/etiologia , Odontoma/patologia , Odontoma/cirurgia , Osseointegração , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) develop multiple premalignant colorectal adenomas. Untreated, one or more of these polyps will progress to colorectal carcinoma in middle-aged adults. Extra-intestinal manifestations of FAP are frequently observed and this combination has been called Gardner's syndrome. Oral and maxillofacial symptoms of FAP include an increased risk of jaw osteomas, odontomas and supernumerary or unerupted teeth. Early diagnosis of FAP is crucial and may be life saving. As oral signs usually precede gastrointestinal symptoms, the dentist may play an important role in the diagnosis of FAP.
Assuntos
Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/complicações , Neoplasias Faciais/etiologia , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/etiologia , Doenças Dentárias/etiologia , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/genética , Síndrome de Gardner/diagnóstico , Humanos , Odontoma/etiologia , Osteoma/etiologia , Dente Supranumerário/etiologia , Dente não Erupcionado/etiologiaRESUMO
Esta tesis consiste en el estudio de los diferentes tipos de neoplasias que se presentan en la región oral y cervicofacial, tratadas por los diferentes servicios médicos del Hospital escuela Dr. Roberto Calderón Gutiérrez en el período comprendido enero del año 2000 a diciembre del año 2006. La finalidad de esta tesis es demostrar la prevalencia de los diversos tumores que afectan la región oral y cervicofacial, desglosándolo en las diferentes regiones anatómicas que comprenden la boca, cara, cuello y glándulas salivales. Este estudio es descriptivo, de corte transversal, retrolectivo, no busca relación causa efecto, ni evalúa técnicas quirúrgicas, estudia la prevalencia de tumores, ya sean tratables o no quirúrgicamente. Se espera un seguimiento de este estudio, pero a nivel nacional, para así resaltar la importancia de la atención médica inmediata e interdisciplinaria para estos pacientes, cuyo número va incrementando día a día con la evolución tecnológica e industrial...
Assuntos
Odontoma/complicações , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Tumores Odontogênicos/cirurgia , Tumores Odontogênicos/classificação , Tumores Odontogênicos/diagnóstico , Tumores Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/tratamento farmacológico , Odontoma/cirurgia , Odontoma/etiologia , Odontoma/patologiaRESUMO
This report describes a case of a patient (1 year and 8 months old) with traumatic avulsion of the maxillary right primary central incisor and morphological changes in the germ of the permanent successor. One year after the trauma, an odontoma-like malformation developed. This malformation was removed 6 years after trauma and orthodontic treatment was started. Clinical follow-up and periodic radiographs are necessary after traumatic avulsion of primary teeth to monitor possible sequelae in the permanent successor. An odontoma-like malformation requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Assuntos
Incisivo/lesões , Neoplasias Maxilares/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Avulsão Dentária/complicações , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirurgia , Odontoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
Dentre os tumores odontogênicos benignos da maxila que acomete os pacientes infantis, destaca-se o odontoma. Este, geralmente encontrado na maxila em sua porção anterior, tem como causa principal a impactação de dentes permanentes e aumento do volume local. Abordamos neste estudo sua etiologia, conseqüências clínicas, diagnóstico, plano de tratamento, técnica e oportunidade cirúrgica através de relato de dois casos clínicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Odontoma/etiologia , Radiografia Dentária , Cirurgia Bucal/métodos , Estética Dentária , Reabilitação BucalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Odontoma-like structures are formed in the jaw bone of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice, which have a congenital deficiency in osteoclastic differentiation due to the absence of functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). METHODS: To clarify the histopathogenesis of tooth malformation and odontoma-like structures, a 2-year postnatal process of development of the op/op mandibular incisor was examined radiologically and histologically. At the same time, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling around tooth germs was analyzed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Abnormal forms of op/op tooth germ were noticeable even at 3 days after birth on a radiogram. Histologically, op/op mice were clearly distinguished by the disappearance of dental follicular space at 3 days. With aging, bone trabeculae, which were not remodeled, penetrated into op/op tooth germs and divided them into several daughter germs, which were recognized as odontomas. In mandibular incisor bodies, the immature ECM components, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycan and tenascin, were preserved diffusely in the dental papilla/pulp, which indicates that maturation of the stroma does not take place in op/op mandibular incisors. CONCLUSION: The observation suggests that the disturbed morphogenesis of op/op tooth germs is functionally explained by the disordered immunolocalization of ECM molecules, and that the dental follicular space is essential for normal tooth development because it prevents bone penetration into the tooth germs.
Assuntos
Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/deficiência , Neoplasias Mandibulares/etiologia , Odontoma/etiologia , Osteopetrose/fisiopatologia , Erupção Dentária , Germe de Dente/anormalidades , Germe de Dente/fisiopatologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Remodelação Óssea , Diferenciação Celular , Matriz Extracelular/patologia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/análise , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Incisivo/anormalidades , Incisivo/fisiopatologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/genética , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Odontogênese , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoclastos/patologia , Osteopetrose/complicações , Osteopetrose/congênito , Osteopetrose/genética , Osteopetrose/patologia , Radiografia , Anormalidades Dentárias/complicações , Erupção Dentária/genética , Erupção Dentária/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Incisor tooth germs of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice are known to fail to erupt, but form odontomas in their root apices instead, due to invasion of alveolar bone trabeculae into the tooth germs. The purpose of this study is to determine if the tooth developmental failures in op/op mice are intrinsic or secondarily arise as a result of the defective bone metabolism due to lack of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). METHODS: We isolated mandibular first molar tooth germs from normal and op/op mice and cultured them under conditions with or without bone tissues which had been formed around tooth germs. RESULTS: Tooth germs from normal mice, cultured for a week, showed almost the same developmental features as those of mice with the corresponding age. They were surrounded with dental follicular tissues and were never invaded by bone trabeculae. On the other hand, op/op tooth germs cultured in the presence of bone components were invaded by alveolar bone trabeculae around tooth germs in the same manner as shown in vivo. When cultured without bone, they developed without any interruptions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that op/op tooth germs had potential for normal development and that their abnormal development was a secondary phenomenon caused by lack of bone remodeling in the early phase of odontogenesis.