Infectious crystalline keratopathy in dogs and cats: clinical, in vivo confocal microscopic, histopathologic, and microbiologic features of eight cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, in vivo confocal microscopic, histopathologic, and microbiologic features of canine and feline cases of infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK). ANIMALS STUDIED: Six dogs and two cats with naturally acquired ICK. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs and cats with a clinical diagnosis of ICK were reviewed. Signalment, medical history, clinical findings, and diagnostic evaluations were retrieved, including corneal cytology, histopathology, in vivo confocal microscopy, and microbiology results. RESULTS: All animals presented with fine, needle-like, and branching white crystalline anterior stromal opacities emanating from corneal facets or corneal epithelial defects. Mild conjunctival hyperemia and anterior uveitis were frequently present. Concurrent ocular and systemic diseases were common, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal sequestrum, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and malignant neoplasia. Bacteria, with minimal or absent leukocytes, were identified by cytology and histopathology. Histopathologically, the crystalline corneal opacities corresponded with dense accumulations of bacteria present in the interlamellar stromal spaces and forming cord-like projections within the stroma. In vivo confocal microscopy demonstrated deposits of reflective crystalline or amorphous structures within the stroma with a paucity of associated inflammatory changes. The most frequently cultured bacteria were alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Resolution of clinical lesions was achieved in most cases with long-term medical or surgical therapy; however, the initiation of medical treatment was associated with an acute, dramatic onset of severe keratitis and anterior uveitis in some animals. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious crystalline keratopathy in dogs and cats shares many features with this condition in human patients. Prolonged medical therapy, or surgical intervention, is required for resolution.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty of dog eyes using the big-bubble technique.

This study was conducted to establish the feasibility of corneal transplantation using the big-bubble technique (BBT) to perform deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in three dogs. After the cornea was trephined 750 µm, 4 mL of air was injected, and the blanched stroma was removed to expose Descemet's membrane (DM). The donor corneal button, which was gently stripped off the DM, was sutured onto the bare DM of the recipient cornea. The dogs received topical antibiotics every 6 h for 7 days and 2% cyclosporine ointment every 12 h for 1 month. The eyes were examined post-operatively at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 150 days. The central portion of the transplanted cornea stayed transparent while corneal haze developed around the transplanted margin. Menace response was normal even though the transplanted cornea was edematous until 3 weeks after surgery. A marginal haze was rarely observed between the donor and recipient corneas at 150 days after the operation. A spotted haze developed in the central part of the deep stroma near the DM. Upon histopathological examination, the stroma and epithelium of the donor cornea had normal structures. Corneal transplantation using DALK with BBT can be performed in dogs preserving the healthy endothelium.

Disseminated T-cell lymphoma in a guinea pig with bilateral ocular involvement.

A 2-year-old female shorthair guinea pig was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for evaluation of a unilateral corneal opacity of 1 week duration. Physical examination revealed a markedly thickened right cornea and lymphadenopathy of the submandibular and prescapular lymph nodes. Cytology of a lymph node aspirate was highly suggestive of lymphoma. The animal was humanely euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed a disseminated lymphadenopathy involving the submandibular, anterior cervical, prescapular, bronchial, anterior mediastinal, and mesenteric nodes, and hepatomegaly with accentuation of lobular morphology. The right cornea was dark red, dry and dull, and diffusely thickened, and the globe was exophthalmic. Microscopically, pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoblasts were present in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, heart, rhinarium, bone marrow, and kidneys. Bilateral infiltration of the eyes by neoplastic lymphoblasts was noted, which was more extensive on the right. The neoplastic cells stained immunohistochemically as T-lymphocytes using antibodies directed against CD3 antigen.

"Florida spots" em cäes e gatos. Estudo clínico em Säo Paulo - Brasil / Florida spots in dogs and cats. A clinical study in Sao Paulo - Brazil

"Florida spots" é uma afecçäo da córnea caracterizada por opacidades brancas ou branco-acinzentadas do estroma. Descrita no sudeste dos Estados Unidos, parece atingir somente animais de regiöes tropicais ou subtropicais. Os olhos näo apresentam sinais de inflamaçäo ou desconforto e näo respondem ao tratamento com corticosteróide. De etiologia ainda obscura, parece estar relacionada a uma micobactéria. Descreve-se pela primeira vez, em nosso país, esta afecçäo em 10 cäes e 7 gatos

Inoculación experimental del paramixovirus del ojo azul en el gato doméstico (Felis catus) / Experimental inoculation of blue eye paramyxovirus in the cat (Felis catus)

En este trabajo se seleccionó al gato doméstico, debido a que la población felina tiene amplia distribución dentro de las granjas porcinas, principalmente por ser usada como control de roedores. Quince gatos adultos fueron inoculados con 4 ml de paramixovirus de ojo azul (POA) con un título de 10 DICC/ml por vía intranasal aplicado como bomba de aspersión. A los 0, 14 y 21 días (PI) se obtuvieron muestras séricas para detección de anticuerpos contra POA por las pruebas de inhibición de la hemoglutinación beta (IHA) y seroneutralización método beta (SN). Para el aislamiento viral se tomó hisoponasal y ocular a los 4 días, y biopsia de tonsila a los 7 días. Los animales fueron sacrificados a los 21 días posinoculación (PI). Se tomaron muestras de encéfalo, pulmón y tonsila para las prueba de inmunofluorescencia (IF) directa y para estudio histopatológico (HP). Todas las muestras de biopsia de tonsila e hisopo nasal y ocular fueron negativas en cultivo celular (CC) en los tres pases ciegos. En la prueba de IHA se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: el primer muestreo fue negativo y el segundo y tercero detectaron títulos entre 1:6 y 1:192. En las SN, el primer muestreo fue negativo y en el segundo y tercero se detectaron títulos entre 1:4 y 1:64. La IF directa de órganos fue negativa para pulmón, tonsila y encéfalo. En el estudio HP no hubo cambios significativos. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el gato tiene la capacidad de seroconvertir a POA sin ser necesariamente un portador

Neonatal ophthalmology.

This discussion of normal and abnormal findings on routine ophthalmic examination of the foal should prove useful to the equine practitioner who must provide counsel to the concerned owner and/or breeder. Early diagnosis and treatment of ocular abnormalities improve the prognosis for continued function and aid determination of the significance of lesions observed in later life.

Spontaneous eye lesions in laboratory animals: incidence in relation to age.

Examination of the eye in experiments designed to test the toxicity of drugs or chemicals is of considerable importance and the investigator must have a clear idea of the spontaneous eye changes he can expect in the test species. We have attempted to review the literature relating to commonly used laboratory animals--the rat, mouse, and dog as well as the hamster--but as there is still only a handful of workers that publish their findings, the literature is not fully comprehensive. Our own unpublished data have been used to try and provide a more complete account. There is, therefore, a considerable need for further work in this area and, in the future, newer techniques such as electron microscopy and histochemistry can help us in the understanding of the pathogenesis of age-related changes in laboratory animals.

Canine adenovirus-induced ocular lesions in the Afghan hound.

A series of referred cases of CAV-1-induced ocular disease suggested increased susceptibility of the Afghan Hound. Of a litter of Afghan Hound puppies inoculated with a commercial vaccine containing attenuated CAV-1, three developed corneal edema and the litter as a whole showed marked febrile and serological responses to the virus. Under experimental conditions Afghan Hounds inoculated with CAV-1 at two levels of attenuation showed more profound clinical responses than Beagles receiving similar inocula. An enhanced generalized susceptibility to infection is suggested as a possible explanation for the greater incidence of CAC-1-induced ocular lesions in this breed.

The effects of severe keratitis on corneal transmission.

An investigation into the effects of keratitis on corneal light transmission is presented. Transmission data from 9 diseased corneas are compared to those of 22 normal corneas in the 0.3-0.8 micron spectral range. Rhesus monkey corneas were used in the study. Several color photographs illustrate varieties of idiopathic keratitis in rhesus monkeys.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis I. Experimental production.

One or both eyes of 20 calves were inoculated one or more time with variou(s combinations of microorganism (live oor killed Moraxella bovis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus and Mycoplasma bovoculi) by conjunctival instillation or direct inoculation of the conjunctivea or cornea. The eyes of all the calves received natural or artificial ultraviolet irradiation. Neither the adenovirus nor parainfluenza-3 virus became established in the eye or produced keratoconjunctivitis. Both M. bovis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus became established in the bovine eye and produced disease. Subconjunctival or intracorneal inoculation of M. bovis caused a severe disease, simulating natural infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Only the intracorneal inoculation of mycoplasma produced severe keratoconjunctivits. Eyes that on initial exposure to M. bovis became severly inflamed were more resistant to a second or third exposure to M. bovis, presumably by enhanced local defence mechanisms.