Historia de la Liga Chilena contra la Epilepsia (LICHE). Conmemorando sus 70 años / History of the Chilean League against Epilepsy. 70 anniversary

La Liga Chilena contra la Epilepsia (LICHE), es una corporación sin fines de lucro, dedicada a apoyar a los pacientes con epilepsia y su entorno, educar en epilepsia, solidarizar con ellos en los aspectos psicosociales y socioeconómicos, procurándoles una mejor calidad de vida. Es parte del capítulo del International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Cumple 70 años de labor y en este artículo se expone su historia y trayectoria, siendo un ejemplo mundial de manejo integral de pacientes con epilepsia y el impacto en la comunidad.

The Chilean League against Epilepsy (LICHE), a non-profit corporation, dedicated to supporting patients with epilepsy and their environment, educating in epilepsy, solidarity with them in psychosocial and socioeconomic aspects, worrying about a better quality of life. It is part of the chapter of the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). It celebrates 70 years of work and this article exposes its history and trajectory, being a world example of integral management of patients with epilepsy and the impact on the community

Gestionar la ignorancia para gestionar el conocimiento: una necesidad organizacional / Managing ignorance for managing knowledge: an organizational need

Desde la década de 1990 (siglo XX), la literatura refleja la preocupación mostrada por diversas instituciones en relación con la necesidad de convertir el conocimiento individual en conocimiento social y, por tanto, crear ─a nivel de las instituciones─ un conocimiento organizacional a partir de la presencia de conocimientos y experiencias. El conocimiento organizacional tiene otra cara, relativa a lo desconocido, lo que significa ignorancia organizacional. En este trabajo se pretende profundizar en el alcance de la gestión de la ignorancia, como un reto imperativo para una adecuada gestión del conocimiento, principalmente en lo relativo al contexto organizacional. Se aborda el surgimiento del concepto ignorancia y su papel en las organizaciones. Se intenta mostrar la evolución de este concepto y de la necesidad de su gestión. Se presentan un conjunto de enfoques sobre el tema, tomados de la literatura especializada, y se esboza el papel de la información y del desarrollo de las competencias informacionales en la gestión de la ignorancia. Se mencionan algunas experiencias relativas a las auditorías del conocimiento, donde se ha hecho evidente la presencia de la ignorancia sin que se haya profundizado en estas manifestaciones. Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de manejar más información como parte de las rutinas organizacionales, a fin de identificar y solucionar vacíos de conocimiento e ir enfrentando paulatinamente la ignorancia organizacional(AU)

Since the 90's, the literature presents different institutional concerns about the conversion of individual knowledge into social knowledge and in this context use knowledge and experience to create an organizational knowledge. Organizational knowledge has another face, linked to the unknown, which is organizational ignorance. In this paper the appearance of the concept of ignorance and its role in organizations is presented. The evolution of this concept is analyzed and the need of its management is discussed. Different approaches obtained from the international literature are presented highlighting the role of information and of informational competences in ignorance management. Some experiences related to knowledge audits are mentioned, where the presence of ignorance has become evident without deepening these manifestations. Emphasis is placed on the need to handle more information as part of organizational routines, in order to identify and solve knowledge gaps and gradually face organizational ignorance(AU)

La Gestión de Información en el contexto institucional y el rol de los directivos / Information Management in the institutional context and the role of managers

La toma de decisiones en contextos institucionales ha sido objeto de estudio de innumerables autores y disciplinas científicas. Esta actividad, a pesar de ser inherente al ser humano, se manifiesta cotidianamente en el accionar de los directivos. La presente investigación aborda este tema desde el prisma de la Gestión de Información con el objetivo de indagar en sus principales características en el contexto institucional, con énfasis en el accionar del directivo y su compleja actuación en el proceso de la toma de decisiones y el procesamiento de la información. Mediante el auxilio del método del Análisis Documental se abordan las interacciones de la Gestión de Información con los enfoques del Management y se enfatiza en la presencia de la información como recurso estratégico de la institución. La investigación enfatiza en la relevancia de la Gestión de Información, el efecto dinamizador de la acción de dirigir y se plantean acciones que pueden guiar el accionar del directivo en el contexto institucional(AU)

Decision-making in institutions has been the object of study by countless authors and scientific disciplines. This activity, despite being inherent to the human being, is manifested on a daily basis in the actions of managers. This research addresses this issue from an Information Management approach with the aim of investigating its main characteristics in the institutional context, with emphasis on the actions of the manager and his complex action in the decision-making process and information processing. Documentary analysis is used to address the interactions of Information Management with management approaches and emphasize the presence of information as a strategic resource of the institution. The research emphasizes the relevance of Information Management, the dynamizing effect of the action of directing, and actions are proposed which can guide the actions of the manager in the institutional context(AU)

El balanced scorecard en la gestión de salud / The balanced scorecard in health management

El propósito de este estudio consistió en revisar el modelo del Balanced Scorecard y analizar su aplicabilidad como instrumento de gestión en los centros de salud. El tipo de investigación fue de tipo documental, con un diseño no experimental. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se revisaron los postulados teóricos de Kaplan y Norton, así como algunas implementaciones prácticas centradas en este paradigma que fueron desarrolladas en Norteamérica, Europa y Sur América. Los resultados demuestran el alto valor agregado que ofrece el Balanced Scorecard como instrumento de gestión en centros de salud.

The purpose of this study was to review the Balanced Scorecard model and analyze its applicability as a management instrument in health centers. The type of research was documentary, with a non-experimental design. To achieve the objective, the theoretical postulates of Kaplan and Norton were reviewed, as well as some practical implementations focused on this paradigm that were developed in North America, Europe and South America. The results demonstrate the high added value that the Balanced Scorecard offers as a management instrument in health centers.

A survey of nongovernmental organizations on their use of WHO's prequalification programme.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the perspectives of some small- and medium-sized organizations on the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification programme for medicines and to ascertain organizations' unmet needs. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory, qualitative study in 2018 among 17 representatives of 15 small- and medium-sized Belgian and non-Belgian organizations who purchase medicines for humanitarian, development or public programmes in low- and middle-income countries. We used semi-structured interviews to obtain respondents' views and experiences of using WHO prequalification guidance when procuring medicines. We identified emerging themes and formulated recommendations about the activities of the WHO Prequalification Team. FINDINGS: Most respondents suggested expanding prequalification to essential antibiotics, particularly paediatric formulations; and insulin, antihypertensives and cancer treatments. Respondents were concerned about irregular availability of WHO-prequalified medicines in the marketplace and sometimes high prices of prequalified products. Small organizations, in particular, had difficulties negotiating low-volume purchases. Organizations working in primary health care and hospitals seldom referred to the prequalified lists. CONCLUSION: We recommend that the WHO-prequalified products be expanded to include essential antibiotics and medicines for noncommunicable diseases. The WHO Prequalification Team could require prequalified manufacturers to make publicly available the details of their authorized distributors and facilitate a process of harmonization of quality assurance policies across all donors. Prequalification of distributors and procurement agencies could help create more transparent and stringent mechanisms. We urge WHO Member States and funders to sustain support for the WHO Prequalification Team, which remains important for the fulfilment of universal health coverage.

Impact of North American Institutions on Orthopedic Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

There exists an unmet need for locally relevant and sustainable orthopedic research in low- and middle-income countries. Partnerships between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries can bridge gaps in resources, knowledge, infrastructure, and skill. This article presents a select list of models for high-income countries/low- and middle-income countries research partnerships including academic partnerships, international research consortia, professional society-associated working groups, and nongovernmental organization partnerships. Models that produce research with lasting legacy are those that promote mutually beneficial partnerships over individual gains.

Injury patterns and causes of death in 953 patients with penetrating abdominal war wounds in a civilian independent non-governmental organization hospital in Lashkargah, Afghanistan.

Background: Management of penetrating abdominal war injuries centers upon triage, echeloned care, and damage control. A civilian hospital based in a war zone can rarely rely upon these principles because it normally has limited resources and lacks rapid medical evacuation. We designed this study to describe organ injury patterns and factors related to mortality in patients with penetrating abdominal war injuries in a civilian hospital in an active war zone in Afghanistan, examine how these findings differ from those in a typical military setting, and evaluate how they might improve patients' care. Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients admitted at the Lashkargah "Emergency" hospital with penetrating abdominal injuries treated from January 2006 to December 2016. Demographic and clinical data were recorded; univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify variables significantly associated with death. Results: We treated 953 patients for penetrating abdominal injury. The population was mainly civilian (12.1% women and 21% under 14). Mean age was 23 years, and patients with blast injuries were younger than in the other groups. The mechanism of injury was bullet injury in 589 patients, shell injury in 246, stab wound in 97, and mine injury in 21. The most frequent abdominal lesion was small bowel injury (46.3%). Small and large bowel injuries were the most frequent in the blast groups, stomach injury in stab wounds. Overall mortality was 12.8%. Variables significantly associated with death were age > 34 years, mine and bullet injury, length of stay, time since injury > 5 h, injury severity score > 17, and associated injuries. Conclusions: Epidemiology and patterns of injury in a civilian hospital differ from those reported in a typical military setting. Our population is mainly civilian with a significant number of women and patients under 14 years. BI are more frequent than blast injuries, and gastrointestinal injuries are more common than injuries to solid organs. In this austere setting, surgeons need to acquire a wide range of skills from multiple surgical specialties. These findings might guide trauma and general surgeons treating penetrating abdominal war wounds to achieve better care and outcome.

Implementing health policies in Australian junior sports clubs: an RCT.

BACKGROUND: This pilot study aimed to test the potential effectiveness and acceptability of an intervention to support the implementation of 16 recommended policies and practices to improve the health promotion environment of junior sporting clubs. Reported child exposure to health promoting practices at clubs was also assessed. METHODS: A cluster randomised trial was conducted with eight football leagues. Fourty-one junior football clubs belonging to four leagues in the intervention group received support (e.g. physical resources, recognition and rewards, systems and prompts) to implement 16 policies and practices that targeted child exposure to alcohol, tobacco, healthy food and beverages, and participation in physical activity. Thirty-eight clubs belonging to the four control group leagues did not receive the implementation intervention. Study outcomes were assessed via telephone interviews with nominated club representatives and parents of junior players. Between group differences in the mean number of policies and practices implemented at the club level at follow-up were examined using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: While the intervention was found to be acceptable, there was no significant difference between the mean number of practices and policies reported to be implemented by intervention and control clubs at post-intervention (Estimate - 0.05; 95% CI -0.91, 0.80; p = 0.90). There was also no significant difference in the proportion of children reported to be exposed to: alcohol (OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.41, 3.28; p = 0.78); tobacco (OR 0.97; CI 0.45, 2.10; p = 0.94); healthy food purchases (OR 0.49; CI 0.11, 2.27; p = 0.35); healthy drink purchases (OR 1.48; CI 0.72, 3.05; p = 0.27); or participation in physical activity (OR 0.76; CI 0.14, 4.08; p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Support strategies that better address barriers to the implementation of health promotion interventions in junior sports clubs are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12617001044314 ).

Guía de acercamiento y negociación / Approach and negotiation guide

El presente documento, es una actualización del que se elaborara en el 2016. Bajo la premisa aportada por el Convenio 169, en el artículo 25 que establece que: "Los servicios de salud…deberán planearse y administrarse en cooperación con los pueblos interesados y tener en cuenta sus condiciones económicas, geográficas, sociales y culturales, así como sus métodos de prevención, prácticas curativas y medicamentos tradicionales." Por ello, el modelo presentado, establece que "toda acción que se planifica desde fuera de la comunidad, altera su camino normal y se constituyen en intervenciones que reconfigura su cultura, formas de vida y cosmopercepción. Es necesario reconsiderar que las comunidades saben vivir y desarrollarse desde sus realidades, y que las intervenciones constituirán acciones para apoyar sus procesos históricos, incluyendo las de salud. Y agrega que: "debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones económicas, geográficas sociales y culturales de los pueblos; este párrafo justifica plenamente del porqué la planeación y administración de los servicios deben darse en conjunto; por cuanto ellos son los que conocen sus propias necesidades, sus realidades, su cultura, su organización local y todo lo referente a la comunidad."

[Psychosocial care of refugees in Germany : Insights from the emergency relief and development aid]. / Psychosoziale Versorgung von Flüchtlingen in Deutschland : Erkenntnisse aus der Not- und Entwicklungshilfe.

Approximately 1.2 million refugees have arrived in Germany since autumn 2014. They are often appraised as being a challenge for the German healthcare system because the acute need for healthcare support was large and appeared suddenly while at the same time resources were limited. This situation was previously unknown for a western European healthcare system, whereas it constitutes a typical challenge for nongovernmental organizations that are active in the field of emergency relief and development aid and that have developed a large number of successful intervention concepts. Of central importance in this context are the basic principles of equal rights, participation of those affected, the principle of nonmaleficence, the resource orientation instead of a deficit orientation as well as the need for integrated and stepped care models. These can serve as general principles not only in the setting of development aid in crisis areas worldwide but also in the health services provided to refugees in the current situation in Germany.

Boas práticas na gestão de parceria com o terceiro setor na saúde / Good practices in managing partnerships with the third sector in health

A gestão pública está sempre evoluindo. Modelos de gestão têm sido desenvolvidos e assimilados pelos poderes para que o Estado brasileiro cumpra seu papel de prestar serviços de qualidade aos cidadãos, sempre se norteando pelos princípios da administração pública. Com relação aos serviços públicos de saúde, isso não é diferente. A Constituição Federal de 1988 nos trouxe um sistema inclusivo e universal, em que se positivou o dever do Estado em prestar ações e serviços de saúde de maneira integral, para todos, com equidade, por meio do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde). Os avanços obtidos na saúde pública com o advento do SUS são notórios. O Sistema Único é um dos principais artífices da significativa evolução da expectativa de vida no nosso país e seus serviços são oferecidos nos mais longínquos rincões. Entretanto, um sistema tão ousado, em um país continental e com uma população que passa de 200 milhões de habitantes, traz enormes desafios. Uma das iniciativas adotadas na busca da integralidade, universalidade e melhoria na qualidade das ações de saúde é a contratação de organizações sociais para prestação desses serviços. Como todo modelo de gestão, essa abordagem precisa atender ao interesse público, trazer benefícios ao cidadão e ser harmônica com nosso sistema jurídico-administrativo. Além disso, a efetividade de seus resultados deve ser avaliada e monitorada, em especial quanto à boa e regular aplicação de recursos públicos. Agindo de forma orientadora, esta Corte de Contas entende a necessidade de se dialogar com os setores da sociedade sobre os temas estruturantes da nação. O Seminário Boas Práticas na Gestão de Parceria com o Terceiro Setor na Saúde, realizado neste Tribunal entre os dias 22 e 23 de agosto de 2018, buscou discutir a formatação, a celebração, a execução, o acompanhamento e o controle de contratos com essas entidades. Neste livro, reunimos as apresentações e palestras realizadas por pessoas de renome, dos mais diversos matizes: pesquisadores, gestores, promotores, auditores, empreendedores que apontam caminhos a serem observados e seguidos, tanto pelo poder público como pelos atores privados. Espero que o diálogo iniciado com esse evento se intensifique, possibilitando que nossa sociedade construa modelos que atendam aos anseios da nossa população, com correção e seriedade. Esse é motivo que nos levou a fazer essa publicação, e esperamos que ela contribua no esforço contínuo e conjunto de prestar melhores serviços públicos a todos

Sustentabilidade em contextos empresariais: qualidade de vida, ambientes de trabalho e práticas saudáveis / Sustainability in business contexts quality of life, workplaces and healthy practices

A saúde, o bem-estar e a segurança dos trabalhadores são aspectos primordiais para a produtividade, competitividade e sustentabilidade das organizações. O ambiente de trabalho é um espaço com altos desafios de engajamento e de sustentabilidade, além de importante para promover a saúde e a qualidade de vida e, para tanto, são fundamentais o protagonismo e o engajamento dos trabalhadores na sua promoção e na sua obtenção. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar se, na gestão de seus empregados, as ações das empresas para a promoção da saúde, bem-estar e qualidade de vida destes possibilitam o envolvimento dos trabalhadores, ou seja, quais são os fatores que contribuem para a real participação e engajamento do público-alvo na definição das políticas e programas de saúde e qualidade de vida nas organizações; e como este processo pode favorecer o cumprimento de premissas das Cinco Chaves para Ambientes de Trabalho Saudáveis (OMS, 2010), um modelo abrangente de boas práticas cujo objetivo é apoiar e influenciar a sustentabilidade do ambiente de trabalho e das organizações. O percurso metodológico da investigação considerou a análise do material referente a sete empresas vencedoras do Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade de Vida (Associação Brasileira de Qualidade de Vida - ABQV Nacional®) e do Global Healthy Workplace Awards; e a pesquisa com trabalhadores e com as lideranças de duas empresas, de diferentes portes, na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, que, supostamente, não contemplavam as Cinco Chaves para Ambientes de Trabalho Saudáveis (OMS, 2010) na sua integralidade. Trata-se de um estudo de campo de natureza qualitativa com uso de instrumento participativo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de grupo focal e de entrevista individual com trabalhadores das duas empresas pesquisadas. Para a análise, foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise documental e análise de conteúdo. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destacou-se a necessidade das empresas proporcionarem o protagonismo dos trabalhadores na identificação de suas necessidades e anseios, na concepção e na condução das políticas e ações que promovam a saúde, o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida desses trabalhadores; capacitá-los e engajá-los em um "fazer coletivo" juntamente com a liderança, de modo que os objetivos comuns sejam atingidos. Esse processo participativo contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes para a elaboração de material de apoio (guia) que favoreça o real envolvimento dos trabalhadores nas políticas e nos programas de promoção de saúde e qualidade de vida, passível de ser adaptado em outras empresas

The health, safety and well-being of workers are essential aspects for the productivity, competitiveness and sustainability of organizations. The workplace is a space with high engagement and sustainability challenges but it's also an important workplace to promote health and quality of life and for that, protagonism and engagement of wokers are essential in its promotion and achievement. This research aimed to identify if the actions of companies to promote the health, well-being and quality of life make possible the involvement of workers, which means, what factors are contributing to the real participation of workers in the definition of policies and health and quality of life programs in organizations; and how this process can foster compliance with the Five Keys to Healthy Workplaces: No Business Wealth without Workers's Health (WHO, 2010), a comprehensive model of good practice whose purpose is to support and influence the sustainability of the workplace and organizations. The methodological course of the investigation considered the analysis of the material referring to seven companies considered successful and winners of the National Quality of Life Award (ABQV Nacional®) and the Global Healthy Workplace Awards; and the research with workers and leaders of two companies of different sizes in the metropolitan area of the city of São Paulo, which supposedly did not contemplate the Five Keys to Healthy Workplaces (WHO, 2010) in its entirety. It is a qualitative field study with participative instrument used. To collect data, we used the techniques of focus group and individual interview with workers of the two companies surveyed. The techniques of document analysis and content analysis were used. Among the findings, we have highlighted the need of companies to provide the protagonism of workers in identifying their needs and desires, in the design and conduct of policies and actions that promote health, wellbeing and quality of life; empower them and engage them in a "collective doing" together with leadership so that common goals are achieved. This participatory process contributed to the development of guidelines for making of support material (guide) that favors the real involvement of workers in policies and programs to promote health and quality of life, which can be adapted in other companies

Modelo de salud y seguridad en el trabajo con gestión integral para la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones (SSeTGIS) / Health and safety at work model with integral management for sustainability of organizations (SSeTGIS)

RESUMEN Ante los desafíos que plantea hacer a las empresas sustentables con responsabilidad social, es necesario desarrollar procesos de mejora basados en una gestión integral con impactos medibles en los resul tados de calidad, productividad, salud y seguridad en el trabajo, el cuidado del medio ambiente y la cultura de protección civil. Para estas materias existen lineamientos internacionales y marcos jurí dicos nacionales que cumplir, los cuales establecen la metodología para reconocer, evaluar y controlar los factores de riesgo de todo tipo en el lugar de trabajo y para la comunidad. Este documento presenta un modelo de gestión integral para la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones desde la perspectiva de la salud y la seguridad en el trabajo sin limitarse a ellas: se denomina SSeTGIS; es holísti-co, multidisciplinar, centrado en las personas, preferentemente participativo, el cual se desarrolla como un proceso de ciclos de mejora continua en tres niveles de actuación: individual, lugar de trabajo y organizacional. Se exponen los argumentos, los propósi tos, los componentes, el proceso y la metodología, así como algunas notas de su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Faced with the challenges of making sustainable companies with social responsibility, it is necessary to develop improved processes based on comprehensive management with measurable impacts on the results of quality, productivity, health and safety at work, envi ronmental care and culture of civil protection. These subjects for which international guidelines and national legal frameworks exist for their fulfillment, establish the methodology for recognizing, evaluating and controlling all kinds of risk factors in the workplace and for the community. This document presents a model of integral management for the sustainability of organizations from the per spective of health and safety at work without limiting to them, referred to as SSeTGIS. It is holistic, multidisciplinary, people-cen tered, and preferably participatory. It is developed as a process of cycles of continuous improvement in three levels of performance: individual, workplace and organizational. The arguments, the pur poses, the components, the process and the methodology are pre sented as well as some notes of their application.

The contribution of a non-governmental organisation's Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar: trend over time.

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that the standard, passive case finding (PCF) strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Myanmar has not been successful: 26% of cases are missing. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as active case finding (ACF) by community volunteers, have been initiated since 2011. This study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme (CBTC) by local non-government organizations (NGOs) to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 years. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using routine, monitoring data. Original data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that database. Data from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were used. The project was launched in 2011. RESULTS: Over time, the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased, except in the Yangon Region, although in some areas, the numbers fluctuated. At the same time, there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated, compared to those referred, that decreased over time (P = 0.051). Overall, among 84 townships, the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6% to 4% over time (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries, a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 years. This suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are needed. They may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel, incentives for the volunteers, closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

Validación del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Colombia / Validation of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire in a Sample of University Students from Colombia

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta la validación del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora (CIE) en Colombia. Este cuestionario, desarrollado y validado en España (Rueda, Moriano, & Liñán, 2015), se enmarca dentro de la Teoría de la Acción Planificada (TAI, Ajzen, 1991). La TAP resulta en la actualidad el modelo más ampliamente utilizado para predecir las intenciones emprendedoras. Con una muestra de 316 estudiantes universitarios colombianos, el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales confirma que el CIE tiene una alta fiabilidad y validez predictiva sobre la intención emprendedora. Disponer de escalas de medida fiables y validadas en distintos contextos culturales permite las comparaciones entre distintas entidades y/o para una misma entidad en diferentes momentos (por ejemplo, antes y después de impartir un curso orientado al emprendimiento). Un mejor conocimiento de los antecedentes psicosociales (actitudes hacia el emprendimiento, norma subjetiva y autoeficacia emprendedora) que conducen a jóvenes universitarios a emprender puede contribuir a un diseño más adecuado de los programas de formación emprendedora que se están impulsando en muchas universidades y desde otro tipo de instituciones.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the validation of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Colombia. This questionnaire, developed and validated in Spain (Rueda, Moriano, & Linân, 2015), draws on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB, Ajzen, 1991). The TPB is the most widely used model for predicting entrepreneurial intention nowadays. With a sample of 316 Colombian university students, the results of the structural equation modeling confirm that the EIQ has a high reliability and predictive validity of entrepreneurial intentions. The availability of reliable measurement scales validated in different cultural contexts allows comparisons among institutions and/or within an institution along the time (e.g. before and after a course on entrepreneurship). A deep understanding of the psychosocial antecedents (i.e. attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy) that lead young university students to become entrepreneurs might contribute to a better design of the entrepreneurship education programmes that are being developed from universities and other institutions.

Prevalent Health Concerns Among African American Women Belonging to a National Volunteer Service Organization (The Links, Incorporated).

OBJECTIVE: African American women bear a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify prevalent health concerns among African American women who are members of The Links, Incorporated (Links), a large national service organization with health programming for communities of color. METHODS: Survey data (n = 391) were collected during the 2012 Links National Assembly. Twenty-six health issues were presented within five groups: cancer, CVD, pulmonary disease, chronic conditions, and behavioral health. For each issue, women indicated if it was a concern for "you/your family" or "the African American community" via check-boxes. Differences in the proportions for "you/your family" and "the African American community" were evaluated using the McNemar test. RESULTS: Hypertension was the most frequently endorsed concern for you/your family (79 %); 73 % indicated this was a concern for the African American community. Sickle cell anemia was the most frequently endorsed concern for the African American community (77 %). Melanoma was the least endorsed health issue overall (15 % you/your family, 55 % community). Breast was the most frequently endorsed cancer concern, while lung was among the least. For 23 out of 26 health issues, the proportion concerned was greater for the "African American community" than for "you/your family" (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CVD and breast cancer were salient concerns; both are topics for which national awareness campaigns and Links health programming exist. Comparatively lower concern was observed for melanoma, a cancer with known survival disparities, and for lung cancer, a leading cause of death in women.

Establishing a Cancer Research Consortium in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges Faced and Lessons Learned.

PURPOSE: There is an increasing effort in the global public health community to strengthen research capacity in low- and middle-income countries, but there is no consensus on how best to approach such endeavors. Successful consortia that perform research on HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases exist, but few papers have been published detailing the challenges faced and lessons learned in setting up and running a successful research consortium. METHODS: Members of the African Research Group for Oncology (ARGO) participated in generating lessons learned regarding the foundation and maintenance of a cancer research consortium in Nigeria. RESULTS: Drawing on our experience of founding ARGO, we describe steps and key factors needed to establish a successful collaborative consortium between researchers from both high- and low-income countries. In addition, we present challenges we encountered in building our consortium, and how we managed those challenges. Although our research group is focused primarily on cancer, many of our lessons learned can be applied more widely in biomedical or public health research in low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: As the need for cancer care in LMICs continues to grow, the ability to create sustainable, innovative, collaborative research groups will become vital. Assessing the successes and failures that occur in creating and sustaining research consortia in LMICs is important for expansion of research and training capacity in LMICs.