Preparo dos pais para a desospitalização de crianças em uso de traqueostomia e gastrostomia / Preparación de los padres para la deshospitalización de niños en uso de traqueostomía y gastrostomía / Parents' preparation for the dehospitalization of children using tracheostomy and gastrostomy

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência de uma ação educativa para o preparo dos pais para a desospitalização de crianças em uso de traqueostomia e gastrostomia. Método: relato de experiência sobre uma ação educativa, que é parte de um Programa de Treinamento de um hospital público de alta complexidade referência em pediatria, no período de dezembro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: o preparo dos responsáveis para a desospitalização de crianças em uso de traqueostomia e gastrostomia foi feito a partir de 5 etapas: 1) Instruções aos pais; 2) Treinamento dos pais para manuseio do dispositivo utilizado pela criança; 3) Manipulação dos dispositivos pelos pais sob supervisão do enfermeiro; 4) Feedback oferecido pela Enfermagem; e 5) Avaliação da ação educativa. Considerações finais: Acredita-se que a educação terapêutica fornecida aos envolvidos contribuiu na qualificação do cuidado à criança em uso de traqueostomia e gastrostomia, favorecendo sua qualidade de vida e reduzindo as intercorrências domiciliares relacionadas ao manuseio inadequado dos dispositivos em questão.

resumen Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de una acción educativa para la preparación de los padres para la deshospitalización de niños en uso de traqueostomía y gastrostomía. Método: relato de experiencia sobre una acción educativa, que hace parte de un Programa de Entrenamiento de un hospital público de alta complejidad referencia en pediatría, en el período de diciembre de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: la preparación de los responsables para la deshospitalización de niños en uso de traqueostomía y gastrostomía se hizo a partir de 5 etapas: 1) Instrucciones a los padres; 2) Entrenamiento de los padres para manejo del dispositivo utilizado por el niño; 3) Manipulación de los dispositivos por los padres bajo supervisión del enfermero; 4) Feedback ofrecido por la Enfermería; y 5) Evaluación de la acción educativa. Consideraciones finales: Se cree que la educación terapéutica proporcionada a los involucrados contribuyó en la calificación del cuidado del niño en uso de traqueostomía y gastrostomía, favoreciendo su calidad de vida y reduciendo las complicaciones domiciliarias relacionadas con el manejo inadecuado de los dispositivos en cuestión.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of an educational action for the preparation of parents for the dehospitalization of children using tracheostomy and gastrostomy. Method: experience report on an educational action, which is part of a Training Program of a public hospital of high complexity reference in pediatrics, from December 2017 to December 2018. Results: the preparation of those responsible for the dehospitalization of children using tracheostomy and gastrostomy was made from 5 stages: 1) Instructions to parents; 2) Training of parents to handle the device used by the child; 3) Manipulation of the devices by parents under the supervision of the nurse; 4) Feedback offered by Nursing; and 5) Evaluation of educational action. Final considerations: It is believed that the therapeutic education provided to those involved contributed to the qualification of care for children using tracheostomy and gastrostomy, favoring their quality of life and reducing home complications related to inadequate handling of the devices in question.

The Medical Needs and Characteristics of Cancer and Progressive Neurologic Disease Patients Who Use Home-Based Medical Care in Korea: A Retrospective Study for 2011-2020.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the needs and characteristics of patients with cancer and neurologic disorders requiring home-based medical care (HBMC). DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients receiving HBMC on discharge from a tertiary hospital in Korea during 2011-2020. METHODS: Patients were classified into 3 disease groups: cancer, progressive neurologic disorders (NR), and others. Characteristics and medical needs were assessed in each disease group. Medical needs were categorized based on functional items requiring support or management at the time of registration: respiratory, feeding, urinary system, drain tube, central catheter, wound, medication, and other. Patients with multiple medical needs were assigned to multiple categories. Patients who used HBMC for more than 3 months were defined as long-term users; their characteristics were evaluated in the same way. RESULTS: Of the total 655 patients, 47.0% (308) had cancer and 17.3% (113) were NR patients. Among all patients, 78.8% were partially dependent (44.0%) or completely dependent (34.8%) in daily activities, and there were more dependent patients in the NR group (80.5%) than cancer (26.6%). Patients with cancer needed central catheter management the most (43.5%), followed by wound care (36.7%), feeding support (35.1%), and drain tube management (22.1%). NR patients required feeding support the most (80.5%), followed by respiratory support (43.4%), wound care (41.6%), and urinary system support (19.5%). Of all patients, 30.2% (198) were long-term users (NR, 37.9%; cancer, 35.4%). Long-term users were common among patients who needed respiratory support (59.4%), feeding support (48.75), and urinary system support (34.6%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Homebound patients with cancer and progressive neurologic disorders need medical services at home after discharge. Patients who need feeding and respiratory support usually use HBMC for more than 3 months. Further studies are needed to design an optimal HBMC that continuously provides medical services to patients with serious illnesses living at home.

Factors associated with having home care physicians as an integrated source of medications for chronic conditions among homebound patients.

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate management of medications is a major threat to homebound patients with chronic conditions. Despite many efforts in improving medication reconciliation in ambulatory and inpatient settings, little research has focused on home care settings. In 2016, Taiwan initiated the Integrated Home Health Care programme, which was intended to reduce potentially inappropriate medication management and risks of uncontrolled polypharmacy through the integration of different medication sources for chronic conditions among homebound patients. This study investigated factors associated with having home care physicians as an integrated source of medications for chronic conditions among homebound patients. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 3142 community-dwelling homebound patients from Taipei City Hospital. Homebound patients' adherence to using home care physicians as an integrated source of chronic condition medications was defined as having all prescriptions for their chronic conditions prescribed by a single home care physician for at least 6 months. Both patient and home care physician characteristics were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was applied. RESULTS: Of the 3142 patients with chronic conditions, 1002 (31.9%) had consistently obtained all medications for their chronic illnesses from their home care physicians for 6 months and 2140 (68.1%) had not. The most common chronic diseases among homebound patients were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, cerebrovascular disease and constipation. Oldest-old patients with poor functional status, fewer daily medications, no co-payment exemption and no recent inpatient experience were more likely to adhere to this medication integration system. In addition, patients whose outpatient physicians were also their home care physicians were more likely to adhere to the system. CONCLUSIONS: The finding suggests that building trust and enhancing communication among homebound patients, caregivers and home care physicians are critical. Patient and provider variations highlight the need for further improvement and policy modification for medication reconciliation and management in home care settings. The improvement in medication management and care integration in home care settings may reduce misuse and polypharmacy and improve homebound patients' safety.

Professional Care in Home for Children and Teenagers with Special Health Needs: An Integrative Review / Assistência profissional no cuidado domiciliar de crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde: revisão integrativa / Atención profesional en atención domiciliaria para niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de salud: una revisión integradora

Objective: Analyzing the results of scientific publications on professional home care for children and teenagers with special health needs. Materials and method: An integrative review with articles published between 2009 and 2020 conducted in the BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline/PubMed databases and in the SciELO electronic library. The data were analyzed in four stages: data reduction; display of the data; comparison of data; drawing and verification of completion. Results: There were identified 5,641 articles; after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and disposal of duplicates, 637 articles were chosen for the reading of titles and abstracts, of which 61 were selected for full reading and of these, 28 composed the final sample. The offer of remote support actions and concern in training caregivers regarding the technical-scientific aspects of home care was identified, in addition to promoting the improvement of the quality of life of children/teenagers and their families. A gap was evidenced regarding the identification and management of pain by home service professionals. Conclusions: The performance of home services to this specific population focuses on the demands of care with health technologies and on promoting symptom relief, reducing the workload of caregivers and assisting in dehospitalization.

Objetivo: analisar os resultados de publicações científicas acerca da assistência domiciliar profissional às crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde. Materiais e método: revisão integrativa, com artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2020, realizada nas bases de dados BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline/PubMed e na biblioteca eletrônica SciELO. Os dados foram analisados em quatro etapas: redução dos dados; exibição dos dados; comparação dos dados; desenho e verificação da conclusão. Resultados: foram identificados 5 641 artigos; após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e descarte das duplicatas, foram eleitos 637 artigos para a leitura de títulos e resumos, dos quais 61 foram selecionados para a leitura na íntegra e destes, 28 compuseram a amostra final. Identificaram-se oferta de ações de suporte remoto e preocupação em capacitar os cuidadores quanto aos aspectos técnico-científicos do cuidado no domicílio, além da promoção da melhora da qualidade de vida das crianças/adolescentes e seus familiares. Evidenciou-se lacuna com relação à identificação e ao manejo da dor pelos profissionais dos serviços domiciliares. Conclusões: a atuação dos serviços domiciliares a essa população específica tem foco nas demandas de cuidados com as tecnologias em saúde e na promoção de alívio dos sintomas, diminuindo a carga de trabalho dos cuidadores e auxiliando na desospitalização.

Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de publicaciones científicas acerca de la atención domiciliar profesional a niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de salud. Materiales y método: Una revisión integradora con artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2020 realizada en las bases de datos BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline/PubMed y en la biblioteca electrónica SciELO. Se analizaron los datos en cuatro etapas: reducción de los datos; presentación de los datos; comparación de los datos; diseño y verificación de la conclusión. Resultados: Se identificaron 5 641 artículos; luego de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y descarte de los duplicados, se seleccionaron 637 artículos para la lectura de títulos y resúmenes, de los que 61 se seleccionaron para la lectura integral y de estos 28 compusieron la muestra final. Se identificaron la oferta de acciones de soporte remoto y la preocupación en capacitar los cuidadores en cuanto a los aspectos técnico-científicos del cuidado en el domicilio, además de la promoción de la mejoría de la calidad de vida de niños/adolescentes y sus familiares. Se evidenció la laguna en relación con la identificación y el manejo del dolor por los profesionales de los servicios domiciliares. Conclusiones: La actuación de los servicios domiciliares a esta población específica enfoca en las demandas de cuidados con las tecnologías en salud y promoción de alivio de los síntomas, disminuyendo la carga de trabajo de los cuidadores y auxiliando en la deshospitalización.

Capacitação do Cuidador Informal: estudo das dificuldades e das variáveis preditivas / Informal Caregiver Training: A Study of Difficulties and Predictor Variables / Capacitación del Cuidador Informal: estudio de las dificultades y las variables predictivas

Introdução: Cuidador Informal (CI) enfrenta múltiplas dificuldades no cuidado da pessoa dependente. Objetivos: avaliar as dificuldades sentidas pelos cuidadores informais no cuidado à pessoa dependente e identificar variáveis preditivas dessas dificuldades. Materiais e Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e de cariz quantitativo que utilizou uma amostra do tipo não probabilístico por conveniência, constituída por 119 CI, da Região Centro de Portugal. O instrumento de medida utilizado integrou uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e uma Escala de Avaliação das Dificuldades do Cuidador Informal (EADCI). Resultados: foram observadas maioritariamente dificuldades moderadas, sendo estas mais elevadas ao nível das dimensões cuidar de mim e das atividades de vida diária. Constituíram-se variáveis preditivas o grau de dependência funcional da pessoa dependente a idade do CI e a existência de barreiras arquitetónicas. Conclusão: estes resultados indicam que os CI apresentam dificuldades a vários níveis do cuidar da pessoa dependente, fortalecendo a necessidade de implementar novas estratégias capazes de responder a estes desafios.

Introduction: the Informal Caregiver (IC) faces multiple difficulties in the care of the dependent person. Objectives: to assess the difficulties felt by informal caregivers in the care of the dependent person and to identify the predictive variables of these difficulties. Materials and Methods: observational, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study with a quantitative approach that used a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 119 IC from the Central Region of Portugal. The measurement instrument used included a sociodemographic data sheet and an Informal Caregiver Difficulties Assessment Scale (EADCI). Results: moderate difficulties were mostly observed, being higher in the dimensions of self-care and activities of daily living. The degree of functional dependence of the dependent person, the age of the IC and the existence of architectural barriers were found as predictive variables. Conclusions: the results indicate that ICs present difficulties at different levels of dependent person care, strengthening the need to implement new possible strategies to respond to these challenges.

Introducción: el Cuidador Informal (CI) enfrenta múltiples dificultades en el cuidado de la persona dependiente. Objetivos: evaluar las dificultades sentidas por los cuidadores informales en el cuidado de la persona dependiente e identificar las variables predictivas de esas dificultades. Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo correlacional y con enfoque cuantitativo que utilizó una muestra de tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia, constituida por 119 CI, de la Región Centro de Portugal. El instrumento de medición utilizado integró una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y una Escala de Evaluación de las Dificultades del Cuidador Informal (EADCI). Resultados: se observaron mayoritariamente dificultades moderadas, siendo estas más altas en cuanto a las dimensiones del autocuidado y de las actividades de la vida diaria. Como variables predictivas se encontraron el grado de dependencia funcional de la persona dependiente, la edad del CI y la existencia de barreras arquitectónicas. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que los CI presentan dificultades en diferentes niveles del cuidado de la persona dependiente, fortaleciendo la necesidad de implementar nuevas estrategias posibles para responder a estos retos.

Implementing Health Care Quality Measures in Electronic Health Records: A Conceptual Model.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is significant literature on the development and validation of quality measures, but comparably less on their implementation into learning health systems. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have made vast amounts of data available for quality improvement purposes. In this paper we describe a conceptual model for EHR implementation of quality measures. DESIGN: The model involves five steps: (1) select a measure; (2) define measure criteria; (3) validate criteria and measurement process; (4) improve recording of measure-related activity; and (5) engage quality improvement processes. The model was used to develop and implement a quality measure in the Home-Based Medical Care (HBMC) setting. SETTING: Harris Health House Call Program (HHHC) provides primary medical and palliative care for homebound patients in Houston. PARTICIPANTS: Four-hundred twenty-four primary care patients followed in the HHHC. MEASUREMENT: Completion rate of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) within the Electronic Health Record of newly enrolled HHHC patients. RESULTS: Use of the conceptual model to guide implementation of a quality measure of depression screening in a HMBC practice was successful. Additional components of early leadership and clinician buy-in were required, as well as strong relationships with IT to ease implementation and limit disruptions in clinicians' work-flow. CONCLUSION: This conceptual model was feasible for guiding implementation of a quality measure for depression care of HBMC patients, and it can guide broader implementation of EHR-based quality measures in the future.

Desafios para o internamento domiciliar do idoso na perspectiva da família / Retos para la hospitalización domiciliara de los ancianos desde la perspectiva de la familia / Challenges for the home hospitalization of the elderly from the family perspective

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências que permeiam o internamento domiciliar do idoso na perspectiva da família. Método: Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados de abril a junho de 2019, por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada e submetida à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a atenção domiciliar proporciona benefícios ao cuidado, como o conforto do lar, vínculos afetivos e apoio dos profissionais de saúde. A inexperiência nos cuidados diretos no domicílio, a escassez de recursos materiais e financeiros e a ausência de integração entre os serviços foram descritos como desafios para o cuidado. As ações de capacitação do cuidador para a alta hospitalar implicam na continuidade do cuidado e aperfeiçoamento das habilidades necessárias. Considerações finais: finais: os resultados demonstraram a importância da compreensão das potencialidades e os desafios para as famílias cuidarem do idoso no domicilio.

Objetivo: conocer las experiencias que impregnan la estancia hospitalaria domiciliar de los ancianos desde la perspectiva de la familia. Método: estudio exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con diez cuidadores familiares de ancianos inscritos en un Servicio de Atención Domiciliaria. Los datos fueron recolectados de abril a junio de 2019, a través de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: la atención domiciliaria aporta beneficios a la atención, como la comodidad desde el hogar, los vínculos afectivos y el apoyo de los profesionales de la salud. La inexperiencia en la atención directa en el hogar, la escasez de recursos materiales y financieros y la falta de integración entre los servicios se describieron como desafíos para la atención. Las acciones de formación del cuidador para el alta hospitalaria implican la continuidad del cuidado y la mejora de las habilidades necesarias. Consideraciones finales: los resultados demostraron la importancia de comprender las potencialidades y desafíos de las familias para cuidar a los ancianos en el hogar.

Objective: to know the experience that permeates the home hospital stay of the elderly from the family perspective. Method: exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed with ten family caregivers of the elderly registered in a Home Care Service. Data were collected from April to June 2019, through semi-structured individual interviews and submitted to content analysis. Results: home care provides benefits to care, such as comfort from home, affective bonds and support from health professionals. Inexperience in direct care at home, scarcity of material and financial resources and lack of integration between services were described as challenges for care. The actions of training the caregiver for hospital discharge imply the continuity of care and improvement of the necessary skills. Final considerations: the results demonstrated the importance of understanding the potentialities and challenges for families to care for the elderly at home.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the NutriQoL® questionnaire to the Portuguese language: Brazilian version / Tradução e adaptação do questionário NutriQoL® para a língua portuguesa: versão Brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the NutriQoL® into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The NutriQoL® comprises 17 questions that evaluate the quality of life of patients receiving home enteral nutrition therapy. The methodological procedures included the translation from the Spanish version into Portuguese by two translators, synthesis of the translations, back translation, evaluation by a committee of judges composed of 24 individuals in which a content validity index > 0.78 was considered acceptable, and generation of the pre-final version. A pre-test to analyze its semantic equivalence was administered to 12 patients receiving home enteral nutrition therapy. The final version of the questionnaire was then prepared. Results A summary version of the questionnaire was obtained using two versions of the translation. Both back translations were identical for 73.6% of sentences (n=25). Twenty-four volunteers were included in the committee of judges. The content validity index was 0.88±0.11, and 14.7% (n=5) of questions had a low content validity index and were thus reformulated. In the pre-test, 35.3% (n=12) of items obtained low levels of understanding and required adjustment. In the preparation of the final version, the inconsistencies of the items mentioned were corrected and/or adjusted. Conclusion After completing the methodological procedures, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the NutriQoL® questionnaire was obtained. Following the validation process, it can be used by dieticians and other health professionals to assess the quality of life of patients receiving home enteral nutrition therapy to contribute to improvements in care practices.

RESUMO Objetivo O intuito deste estudo foi realizar a tradução do NutriQoL para a língua portuguesa e a adaptação transcultural para o Brasil. Métodos O NutriQoL® é composto de 17 pares de perguntas que avaliam a qualidade de vida de pacientes em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: tradução da versão em espanhol para a língua portuguesa por dois tradutores; síntese das traduções; retrotradução; avaliação, da versão traduzida, por um comitê de juízes composto por 24 indivíduos, na qual o índice de validade de conteúdo > 0,78 foi considerado, gerando a versão pré-final e realização de um pré-teste no qual a versão pré-final do questionário foi aplicada a 12 pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar para análise da equivalência semântica e elaboração da versão final do questionário. Resultados Observou-se que, a partir das duas versões traduzidas, foi possível obter uma versão síntese do questionário. As duas retrotraduções geradas foram idênticas em 73,6% das sentenças (n=25). O índice de validade de conteúdo foi 0,88 ± 0,11, e 14,7% (n=5) das questões tiveram baixo índice de validade de conteúdo, sendo então reformuladas. No pré-teste foi observado que 35,3% (n=12) dos itens obtiveram baixos índices de compreensão e necessitaram de ser reformulados. Na elaboração da versão final do questionário as inconsistências dos itens mencionados foram sanadas e/ou adaptadas. Conclusão Após conclusão dos procedimentos metodológicos, foi possível obter a versão brasileira do questionário NutriQoL® em língua portuguesa para que, após processo de validação, o instrumento seja utilizado pelo nutricionista ou demais profissionais de saúde para avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar, a fim de contribuir com melhorias nas práticas assistenciais.

Needs for family caregivers of Cerebrovascular Accident survivors

Objective. To know the needs of family caregivers of Cerebrovascular Accident survivors. Methodology. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study. Data were collected from 37 family caregivers of Cerebrovascular Accident survivors from a city in the interior of Bahia, through an interview using a semi-structured form, between September 2017 and March 2018, and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results. Three categories emerged: the early need for health education on the disease and care for family caregivers; the need to restructure care for family caregivers; 3) family caregivers need free time for social activities and (self)care. Conclusion. Caregivers have basic needs for health care and social interaction, which can enable by educational health interventions.

Objetivo. Conocer las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares de sobrevivientes de accidente cerebrovascular. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Los datos se recogieron de 37 cuidadores familiares de sobrevivientes de accidente cerebrovascular de una ciudad en el interior de Bahía, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, entre septiembre de 2017 y marzo de 2018, y sometidos al análisis temático de contenido. Resultados. Surgieron tres categorías: 1) la necesidad temprana de educación en salud sobre la enfermedad y la atención a los cuidadores familiares; 2) la necesidad de reestructurar la atención a los cuidadores familiares; 3) necesidad de tiempo libre para los cuidadores familiares para las actividades sociales y (auto)cuidado. Conclusión. Se encontró que los cuidadores tienen necesidades básicas de atención en salud e interacción social, lo que puede ser posible gracias a las intervenciones educativas en salud.

Objetivo. Conhecer as necessidades de cuidadores familiares dos sobreviventes de Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Os dados foram coletados com 37 cuidadores familiares dos sobreviventes de Acidente Vascular Cerebral de uma cidade no interior da Bahia, por meio de entrevista com uso de formulário semiestruturado, entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados. Emergiram três categorias: necessidade precoce de educação em saúde sobre a doença e cuidados à cuidadores familiares; necessidade de reestruturação da assistência à cuidadores familiares; necessidade de tempo livre aos cuidadores familiares para as atividades sociais e (auto)cuidado. Conclusão. Verificou-se que os cuidadores possuem necessidades básicas de atenção à saúde e interação social, que podem ser viabilizadas por intervenções educativas em saúde.

Predictors of CNS-Active Medication Use and Polypharmacy Among Homebound Older Adults With Depression.

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacy among low-income, racially diverse homebound older adults with depression (N=277) and its associations with the participants' ratings of depressive symptoms and pain. METHODS: CNS-active and other psychotropic and analgesic medications intake was collected from patients' medication containers. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and pain intensity was measured on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Covariates were disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). RESULTS: Of the patients, 16% engaged in CNS polypharmacy, taking three or more CNS-active medications. Of these, 69%, 69%, and 89% were using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and opioids, respectively. Higher pain intensity ratings were associated with CNS polypharmacy. Benzodiazepine users were more likely than nonusers to use opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Medication reviews and improved access to evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatments are needed for these older individuals with depression.

Doze semanas de exercício físico domiciliar melhora amplitude de movimento do ombro de idosas mastectomizadas em tratamento para câncer de mama / Twelve weeks of home physical exercise improves shoulder range of motion in elderly mastectomized women undergoing treatment for breast cancer

Introdução: A realização de exercícios físicos domiciliares é uma metodologia segura e eficiente. Entretanto, poucos estudos abordam idosas com câncer de mama mastectomizadas. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto de 12 semanas de um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares na amplitude de movimento do ombro de idosas sobre- viventes de câncer de mama em tratamento. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com idosas mastectomizadas (n=33), 18 idosas para Grupo Controle e 15 para o Grupo Intervenção, realizado de abril a novembro de 2015. Foi ofertado ao Grupo Intervenção um manual de exercícios físicos e DVD previamente desenvolvido. Para o estudo, foram analisados os dados referentes ao teste "Alcançar as Costas" da bateria Senior Fitness Test. As idosas foram avaliadas no início da pesquisa e ao término da 12a semana. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva através do programa estatístico STATA versão 12, com nível de significância de <0,05. Resultados: Após 12 semanas, foram observadas melhora significativa da flexibilidade no grupo de exercícios físicos domiciliares, de acordo com o teste "Alcançar as Costas" da Senior Fitness Test, medido em centímetros (-7.93 ± 11.54 a 0.533 ± 7.9, p <0,02), e tendência de piora do Grupo Controle (-12.5 ± 9.16 a -18.33 ± 9.12, p <0,06). Além disso, alterações referentes à classificação da flexibilidade das idosas de acordo com a idade foram observadas com ganhos para o Grupo Intervenção (p<0.01). Conclusão: A realização de um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares parece ser sensível para a melhora da amplitude de movimento de idosas mastectomizadas em tratamento de hormonioterapia.(AU)

Introduction: Home-based exercise is a safe and efficient methodology. However, few studies address older women with mastectomized breast cancer. Purpose: To verify the 12-week impact of a home-based exercise program on shoulder range of motion of older women with breast cancer undergoing treatment. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with mastectomized older women (n = 33), 18 for the Control Group and 15 for the Intervention Group, conducted from April to November 2015. A previously developed exercise manual and DVD were offered to the Intervention Group. For the study, data r the "Reaching the Back" test of the Senior Fitness Test battery were analyzed. The older women were evaluated at the beginning of the research and at the end of week 12. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program STATA version 12, with a significance level of <0.05. Results: After 12 weeks, a significant improvement in flexibility was observed in the home-based exercise group according to the Senior Fitness Test Back Scratch test, measured in centimeters (-7.93 ± 11.54 to 0.533 ± 7.9, p <0.02 ), and worsening trend of the Control Group (-12.5 ± 9.16 to -18.33 ± 9.12, p <0.06). In addition, changes regarding the flexibility classification of older women according to age were observed with gains for the Intervention Group (p <0.01). Conclusion: The implementation of a home-based exercise program seems to be sensitive to the improvement of the range of motion of mastectomized older women undergoing hormone therapy.(AU)

Beneficios de una unidad de mediana estancia en la rehabilitación de adultos mayores dependientes / Benefits of a subacute care unit in the rehabilitation of frail dependent older adults

Las Unidades de Mediana Estancia (UME) se definen como un recurso institucional con camas de hospitalización para pacientes ancianos, en donde ‒una vez superada la fase aguda de la enfermedad‒ sea posible efectuar un tratamiento a medio plazo, con recursos rehabilitadores, atención médica y cuidados de enfermería, todo ello con el propósito de conseguir la recuperación funcional y la reinserción en la comunidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue efectuar un estudio cuasi experimental con propio individuo control antes-después con el fin de describir las características basales de los pacientes ingresados en la UME con objetivos de rehabilitación, así como su ganancia funcional luego de la intervención, medida como la diferencia entre el índice de Barthel al alta (valor final) y al ingreso en la UME (valor basal). Para ello se incluyeron 122 personas y se obtuvo como principal resultado una ganancia funcional positiva de 40 puntos y un parámetro de eficacia (ganancia funcional/días de internación) de 1,18. Los resultados obtenidos se consideran, de acuerdo con la literatura, como efectivos y eficaces. (AU)

Subacute Care Units are defined as an institutional resource with hospital beds where once a patient overcomes the acute phase of a disease, it is possible for him to undergo a rehabilitation treatment with the objective of achieving functional recovery and reintegration into the community. The purpose of this paper was to carry out a quasi-experimental before and after study where the subjects serve as their own controls, in order to describe the baseline characteristics of the patients admitted to the subacute care unit with rehabilitation objectives, as well as their functional gain after the intervention, measured as the difference between the Barthel index at discharge (final value) and admission to the EMU (baseline value). For this, 122 people were included, obtaining as main results a positive functional gain of 40 points (p <0.001) and an efficiency parameter (functional gain / days of hospitalization) of 1.18, considering the results obtained according to the literature as effective and efficient. (AU)

Quedas em pacientes da atenção domiciliar: prevalência e fatores associados / Falls of patients with home care: prevalence and associated factors / Caídas en pacientes de atención domiciliaria: prevalencia y factores asociados

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de quedas, identificar os fatores associados e estabelecer modelo de predição para seu desenvolvimento em pacientes atendidos por um programa de atenção domiciliar. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado entre junho de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, com 131 pacientes atendidos pelo Programa Melhor em Casa, de uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais. Com o auxílio de um instrumento foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Realizou-se análise descritiva e as razões de prevalências ajustadas foram obtidas por análise múltipla de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: dos 131 pacientes, 72 (55%) eram do sexo feminino, a média de idade foi de 66,8 anos e 43,5% apresentaram queda. As variáveis independentes que impactaram de forma significativa e conjunta no desfecho queda foram: tipo de queda - acidental; local de queda - quarto; local de queda - sala; local de queda - cozinha; local de queda - quintal; local de queda - rua; e medo de novas quedas. Conclusão: a queda é achado comum em pacientes da atenção domiciliar e cuidados para sua prevenção devem ser estabelecidos.(AU)

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of falls, identify the associated factors and establish a prediction model for their development in patients treated by a home care program. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2017 and January 2018, with 131 patients treated by Melhor em Casa Program, in a city in the north of Minas Gerais. We collected socio-demographic and clinical data through an instrument. Descriptive analysis was performed and the adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by multiple Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. Results: 72 (55%) of the 131 patients were female, the average age was 66.8 years old and 43.5% had a fall. The independent variables that had a significant and joint impact on the fall outcome were: type of fall - accidental; fall location - bedroom; fall location ­ dining-room; fall location - kitchen; fall location - yard; fall location - street; and fear of further falls. Conclusion: falls are a common finding with home care patients and care for their prevention should be established.(AU)

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de caídas, identificar los factores asociados y establecer un modelo de predicción para pacientes de un programa de atención domiciliaria. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado entre junio de 2017 y enero de 2018 con 131 pacientes del programa "Melhor em casa", en una ciudad al norte de Minas Gerais. Los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos se recogieron mediante un instrumento. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y, con el análisis múltiple de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, se obtuvieron las razones de prevalencia ajustadas. Resultados: de los 131 pacientes 72 (55%) eran mujeres, edad promedio de de 66.8 años y 43.5% había tenido alguna caída. Las variables independientes de impacto significativo y conjunto en el resultado de la caída fueron: tipo de caída - accidental; lugar de caída - habitación; lugar de caída - salón; lugar de caída - cocina; lugar de caída - patio; lugar de caída - calle; y miedo a nuevas caídas. Conclusión: las caídas suelen ser comunes en pacientes de atención domiciliaria y, por ello, deben establecerse medidas para su prevención.(AU)

Trajectories of Homebound Status in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 and Older.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectories of homebound status in older adults and to investigate the risk factors in shaping the pattern of these trajectories. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study sample was a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older (N = 7,607) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (Round 1-Round 7). Homebound state was defined as never or rarely went out the home in the last month. Homebound trajectories were identified using an enhanced group-based trajectory modeling that accounted for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine risk factors of homebound trajectories. RESULTS: Three trajectory groups were identified: the "never" group (65.5%) remained nonhomebound; the "chronic" group were largely persistently homebound (8.3%); and the "onset" group (26.2%) had a rapid increase in their risk of being homebound over the 7-year period. The following factors increased the relative risk for being on the "onset" and "chronic" versus the "never" trajectory: older age, Hispanic ethnicity, social isolation, past or current smoking, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, probable dementia, and use of a walker or wheelchair. Male sex and living alone were associated with a lower risk of being on the "chronic" trajectory, whereas depression and anxiety symptoms, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living limitations increased the risk. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The progression of homebound status among community-dwelling older adults followed three distinct trajectories over a 7-year period. Addressing social isolation and other risk factors may prevent or delay the progression to homebound state.

Eliminating the Surprise Question Leaves Home Care Providers With Few Options for Identifying Mortality Risk.

BACKGROUND: Precision health initiatives for end-of-life planning require robust methods for identifying patient risk for decline and mortality. The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) surprise question (SQ; M1034 Overall Status) is the primary tool for evaluating risks in homebound older adults. However, the OASIS-D, Released in 2019, eliminates this question. This study examines the prognostic ability of 12- and 24-month mortality risk reflected in the OASIS-SQ and develops an alternative approach for classifying mortality risk to support decision-making in the absence of the OASIS-SQ. DESIGN: Retrospective secondary data analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 69 097 OASIS-C assessments (2012) linked to the Master Beneficiary Summary file (2012 and 2013). MEASUREMENTS: Survival analysis, k-means clustering, and Cohen κ coefficient with Z test. RESULTS: The OASIS-SQ predicts mortality (35% at 12 and 45% at 24 months; P < .001). Cluster analysis identified 2 risk groups: OASIS activity of daily living "ADL total scores" >15 = (lower risk) and ≤15 = (higher risk) for 24-month mortality. Model agreement is weak for both cluster 1 and cluster 2, the OASIS-SQ κ = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = .19 to .21, and "alive/not alive" κ = .17, 95% CI = .16 to .18. CONCLUSION: The OASIS-SQ and "ADL total score" are almost equally likely to predict 24-month mortality; therefore, it was reasonable to use the "ADL total score" as a substitute for the OASIS-SQ. Removal of the OASIS-SQ leaves home care providers with few clear options for risk screening resulting in missed opportunities to refer to palliative or hospice services.

What's Happening at Home: A Claims-based Approach to Better Understand Home Clinical Care Received by Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Home clinical care (HCC) includes home-based medical care (HBMC-medical visits in the home) and skilled home health care (skilled nursing or therapy visits). Over 7 million older adults would benefit from HCC; however, we know surprisingly little about homebound older adults and HCC. OBJECTIVE: To describe HCC received by older adults using claims data within the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. RESEARCH DESIGN: Using administrative claims data for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, we describe morbidity profiles, health service use, and care coordination (operationalized as care plan oversight [CPO]) for people receiving HCC and the subgroup receiving HBMC. PARTICIPANTS: Three million adults (3,027,247) age ≥65 with 12 months of continuous enrollment 2013-2014. MEASURES: CPT or HCPCS codes delineated HCC, HBMC, and CPO recipients and care site, frequency, and provider type. Other measures included demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization. RESULTS: Overall, 5% of the study population (n=161,801) received 2+ months of HCC visits; of these, 46% also received 2+ HBMC visits (n=73,638) while 54% received only skilled home health (n=88,163 HCC but no HBMC). HBMC-recipients had high comorbidity burden (Charlson score 4.3), dementia (35%), and ambulance trips (58%), but few nursing facility admissions (4.9%). Evidence of care coordination (CPO claims) occurred in 30% of the HCC population, 46% of HBMC, and 17% of the skilled home health care only. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 of 20 older adults in this study received HCC; 30% or less have a claim for care coordination by their primary care provider.

Impacto do afastamento do trabalho por doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Brasil / Impact of work disability due to inflammatory bowel diseases in Brazil

As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) podem ter impactos sociais e econômicos no Brasil, onde sua prevalência aumentou recentemente. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a incapacidade por DII na população brasileira, descrevendo proporções com fatores demográficos e como objetivo secundário, a avaliação de possíveis fatores de risco de afastamento do trabalho por Doença de Crohn (DC) em um centro de referência em DII da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), cujo resultado pode refletir outras regiões do país. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se a plataforma do Sistema Único de Informações sobre Benefícios da Previdência Social, com um primeiro cruzamento de dados de auxílios doença e aposentadorias por invalidez com DC e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU) entre 2010-2014. Dados adicionais como valores médios de benefícios, duração do benefício, idade, sexo e região foram obtidos através da mesma plataforma. Um segundo cruzamento entre auxílios doença e aposentadorias por invalidez foi feito somente para DC entre 2010-2018 no estado do Rio de Janeiro e foram pesquisados os mesmos dados adicionais. Uma subanálise foi realizada nos casos de incapacidade em comum com os pacientes com DC da UERJ, para avaliação das características que teriam maior chance de atuar como fator de risco para afastamento do trabalho, se comparando com a população de DC desse ambulatório que não teve afastamento pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS). No Brasil, a incapacidade temporária ocorreu com maior frequência na RCU enquanto a permanente na DC. A DC afastou pacientes mais jovens que a RCU e ambas mais mulheres que homens. As ausências temporárias do trabalho por DC e RCU foram maiores no Sul e as menores ausências por DC foram observadas no Norte e Nordeste. A média de dias de incapacidade foi longa, de quase um ano, sendo maiores na DC em comparação à RCU, porém ambos tenderam a diminuir de 2010 à 2014. O valor dos benefícios pagos pelas DII representou aproximadamente 1% de todos os benefícios da mesma natureza no país, sendo 51% dos gastos com DC. No RJ, a prevalência da DC foi de 26 por 100.000/habitantes, com custo indireto de 0,8% dos benefícios totais, apresentando taxa de 16,6% de incapacidade, similar a encontrada no grupo de pacientes da UERJ. Os fatores de risco de incapacidade por DC na UERJ foram idade menor que 40 anos a época do diagnóstico, tempo de duração da doença, cirurgia intestinal prévia e fístula anovaginal. Dos afastados, 19% apresentaram depressão ou ansiedade associados. A média de tempo entre o diagnóstico de DC e a incapacidade foi de 3 anos. No Brasil, as DII frequentemente causam incapacidade prolongada e podem gerar aposentadorias precoces, com programas de reabilitação profissional ainda pouco explorados. As tendências de redução das taxas de incapacidade no Brasil podem refletir melhorias no acesso a cuidados de saúde e a medicamentos. Os custos indiretos baseados apenas no absenteísmo em empregos foram significativos e a demonstração desse impacto socioeconômico e de fatores de risco de incapacidade podem auxiliar no planejamento de políticas públicas para o país.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can lead to Brazil's social and economic impacts, where their prevalence has recently increased. This study's main objective is to evaluate the disability due to IBD in the Brazilian population describing proportions with demographic factors. Secondly, it assesses possible risk factors of absence from work due to Crohn's disease (CD) in a referral center of IBD of the State University of RJ (UERJ), which results may reflect other regions of the country. The analysis was performed using the Unified Social Security Benefits Information System platform, with the first crossing of data on sickness benefits and disability pensions with CD and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) between 2010- 2014. Additional data, such as average benefit values, benefit duration, age, sex, and region of the country, were obtained through the same platform. A second crossing between sickness benefits and disability pensions was made only for CD between 2010-2018 in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) for the evaluation of the same additional data. A subanalysis was made in cases of CD disability in common with patients at UERJ, to assess the characteristics that would have a greater chance as a risk factor for absence from work, compared to the population of CD of this clinic that had no disability by the Institute National Social Security (INSS). In Brazil, temporary disability occurred more frequently in the UC while the permanent one in CD. Disability occurred in patients with CD younger than UC and both more in women than in men. Temporary absences from work due to CD and UC were more significant in the South, and the lowest absences due to CD were observed in the North and Northeast. The average number of days of disability was long, almost one year, being higher in CD than in UC, but both tended to decrease from 2010 to 2014. IBD's benefits represented approximately 1% of all the benefits of sickness in the country, with 51% of DC spending. In RJ, the prevalence of CD was 26 per 100,000 / inhabitants, with an indirect cost of 0.8% of total benefits, with a rate of 16.6% of disability, similar to that found in the group of patients at UERJ. The risk factors for CD disability in UERJ were age under 40 at the time of diagnosis, duration of the disease, previous intestinal surgery, and anovaginal fistula. Of those on absence from work 19% had associated depression or anxiety. The average time between the diagnosis of CD and disability was three years. In Brazil, IBDs often cause prolonged disability and can lead to early retirements, with professional rehabilitation programs still little explored. Trends in the reduction of disability rates in Brazil may reflect improvements in access to healthcare and medicines. The indirect costs with IBD in Brazil, based only in absenteeism, were significant, and demonstrating this socioeconomic impact and risk factors for disability can help plan public policies for the country.

Síndrome de inmovilidad en adultos mayores del Policlínico Bernardo Posse del municipio San Miguel del Padrón / Immobilization syndrome in elderly people in "Bernardo Posse" Policlinic in San Miguel del Padron

RESUMEN Fundamento: Dentro de los grandes síndromes geriátricos, la inmovilidad es una de las más graves consecuencias de las enfermedades que puede sufrir el anciano. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del síndrome de inmovilidad en los adultos mayores del Grupo Básico de Trabajo n.o 1 del policlínico Bernardo Posse de San Miguel del Padrón. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en 145 pacientes con síndrome de inmovilidad, de una población de 160 ancianos desde enero de 2015 a diciembre del 2017. Se determinó el tipo de inmovilidad, y las causas principales, así como las complicaciones. Resultados: El síndrome predominó en pacientes femeninos en edades altas de la vida. El tipo de inmovilidad más frecuente fue la larvada y las causas más frecuentes fueron las enfermedades osteomioarticulares, las infecciones, el cáncer y el síndrome del cuidador. Las complicaciones que predominaron fueron a nivel de los sistemas digestivo, respiratorio, cardiovascular y la piel. Conclusiones: El riesgo de presentar algún tipo de inmovilidad aumenta con la edad y el sexo femenino es más susceptible a este. La inmovilidad es una entidad sindromática que deteriora de manera significativa la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores ya que el anciano inmovilizado es un paciente de alto riesgo para la aparición de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: Within the great geriatric syndromes, immobility is one of the most serious consequences of the diseases that the elderly can suffer. Objective: To characterize the behavior of the immobility syndrome in the elderly from the Basic Working Group No. 1 at Bernardo Posse polyclinic in San Miguel del Padrón. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in 145 patients with immobility syndrome, from a population of 160 elderly people, from January 2015 to December 2017. The type of immobility was determined, as well as the main causes, as well as complications. Results: The syndrome predominated in female patients at high ages of life. The most frequent type of immobility was larvae and the most frequent causes were osteomyoarticular diseases, infections, and cancer also the caregiver syndrome. The predominated complications were at the level of the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and skin systems. Conclusions: The risk of presenting some type of immobility increases with age, and the female sex is more susceptible to it. Immobility is a syndromic disease that significantly deteriorates the quality of life of elderly, since the immobilized elderly person is a high-risk patient for complications.

Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes atendidos por um programa público de atenção domiciliar / Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients treated by a public home care program

Objetivo: caracterizar clínica e epidemiologicamente os pacientes atendidos por um programa público de atenção domiciliar na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal e exploratório, realizado entre junho de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, com 131 pacientes cadastrados e atendidos pelo Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar - Melhor em Casa. Para o levantamento dos dados utilizou-se um instrumento contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e funcionais. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes eram idosos (67,9%), do sexo feminino (55%), pardos (47,3%), casados (31,3%) e/ou solteiros (31,3%), restritos ao leito (71%) e alimentavam-se via oral (68,7%). As doenças vasculares (42%) foram as mais prevalentes, 45,8% dos pacientes apresentavam lesão por pressão e o atendimento domiciliar foi realizado principalmente pelo enfermeiro (83,2%) e médico (82,4%). Conclusão: A identificação do perfil clínico e epidemiológico é fundamental para planejar e implementar cuidados adequados às necessidades específicas dos pacientes. (AU)

Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients attended by a public home care program in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methodology: A cross - sectional and exploratory study was carried out between June 2017 and January 2018, with 131 patients enrolled and attended by the Home Care Service - Better at Home. Data were collected using an instrument containing sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables and were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of the patients were elderly (67.9%), female (55%), brown (47.3%), married (31.3%) and / or unmarried to bed (71%) and were fed orally (68.7%). Vascular diseases (42%) were the most prevalent, 45.8% of the patients had pressure lesions, and home care was performed mainly by the nurse (83.2%) and the physician (82.4%). Conclusion: The characterization of the profile, besides describing problems, contributes to patient care, impacting on the planning and implementation of appropriate interventions. (AU)

Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes atendidos por un programa público de atención domiciliaria en la ciudad de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Metodología: Estudio transversal y exploratorio, realizado entre junio de 2017 y enero de 2018, con 131 pacientes catastrados y atendidos por el Servicio de Atención Domiciliar - Mejor en Casa. Para el levantamiento de los datos se utilizó un instrumento que contenía variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y funcionales, analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes eran ancianos (67,9%), del sexo femenino (55%), pardos (47,3%), casados (31,3%) y / o solteros (31,3%), restringidos al lecho (71%) y se alimentaban vía oral (68,7%). Las enfermedades vasculares (42%) fueron las más prevalentes, el 45,8% de los pacientes presentaban lesión por presión y la atención domiciliaria fue realizada principalmente por el enfermero (83,2%) y médico (82,4%). Conclusión: La caracterización del perfil, además de describir problemas, contribuye al cuidado del paciente, impactando en la planificación e implementación de intervenciones adecuadas. (AU)