Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves the outcome of postsurgical paresis in glioma patients - A randomized, double-blinded trial.

BACKGROUND: Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) is effective therapy for stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation could be supported by low-frequency stimulation of the non-damaged hemisphere to reduce transcallosal inhibition. OBJECTIVE: The present study examines the effect of postoperative nrTMS therapy of the unaffected hemisphere in glioma patients suffering from acute surgery-related paresis of the upper extremity (UE) due to subcortical ischemia. METHODS: We performed a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial on patients suffering from acute surgery-related paresis of the UE after glioma resection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either low frequency nrTMS (1 Hz, 15 min) or sham stimulation directly before physical therapy for 7 consecutive days. We performed primary and secondary outcome measures on day 1, on day 7, and at a 3-month follow-up (FU). The primary endpoint was the change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) at FU compared to day 1 after surgery. RESULTS: Compared to the sham stimulation, nrTMS significantly improved outcomes between day 1 and FU based on the FMA (mean [95% CI] +31.9 [22.6, 41.3] vs. +4.2 [-4.1, 12.5]; P = .001) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (-5.6 [-7.5, -3.6] vs. -2.4 [-3.6, -1.2]; P = .02). To achieve a minimal clinically important difference of 10 points on the FMA scale, the number needed to treat is 2.19. CONCLUSION: The present results show that patients suffering from acute surgery-related paresis of the UE due to subcortical ischemia after glioma resection significantly benefit from low-frequency nrTMS stimulation therapy of the unaffected hemisphere. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Local institutional registration: 12/15; ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03982329.

Skull base osteomyelitis: factors implicating clinical outcome.

Skull base osteomyelitis is a serious disease with a high risk of complications including neuroinfection. Typically, the inflammation of the skull base results from infection from neighboring tissues. In case of malignant otitis externa, inflammation disseminates from the external auditory canal. In this study, we present our experience with seven patients diagnosed with skull base osteomyelitis that began with otitis externa and have been treated in our department for the last 10 years. Department Patient Database was searched for the diagnosis skull base osteomyelitis. The search covered the last 10 years. The search revealed seven patients who met the above-described criteria. Medical records of those patients were carefully analyzed including age, gender, symptoms and signs, diagnostics details, treatment, performed procedures, number of hospitalization days, comorbid diseases, and complications including any cranial nerve palsy. Detailed analysis of medical records of patients included in this study showed that skull base osteomyelitis presents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment strategy requires prolonged aggressive intravenous antibiotic therapy, and in some cases combined with surgical intervention. Cranial nerve paresis indicates progression of the disease and is associated with longer hospital stay. Similar relationship is observed in patients with skull base osteomyelitis that required surgery. Diabetes in patient's medical history may complicate the healing process. Diabetes, neural involvement, and surgery may overlap each other resulting in longer hospital stay. Cranial nerve paresis may not resolve completely and some neural deficits become persistent.

Respostas cardiorrespiratórias e percepção subjetiva do esforço de hemiparéticos submetidos à prática de exergames / Cardiorrespiratory responses and subjective perception of the effort in hemiparetics after exergames practice / Respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo de hemipareticos después de la práctica de exergames

Objetivo: avaliar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias e percepção subjetiva do esforço de pacientes hemiparéticos submetidos à prática dos jogos de vídeo do XBOX Kinect. Método: estudo de casos múltiplos com abordagem quantitativa, com avaliação da frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, saturação de oxigênio, pressão arterial e percepção do esforço durante prática do jogo Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012® cinco e dez minutos após o término da atividade, sendo considerados também os valores de frequência cardíaca máxima e de treino para fornecer mais segurança a pesquisa. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por dois sujeitos que apresentaram respostas adequadas a prática dos jogos ativos de vídeo game. Para o sujeito 1 a atividade foi considerada como leve e para o sujeito 2 uma atividade moderada. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de mais estudos científicos para esclarecer os efeitos desses jogos sobre os diversos sistemas e a necessidade de profissionais habilitados a utilização desses jogos para fins terapêuticos.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the cardiorespiratory responses and subjective perception of the effort of hemiparetic patients submitted to XBOX Kinect video games. Method: multiple case study with quantitative approach, with evaluation of heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and perception of effort during practice of the game Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012® five and ten minutes after the end of the activity, being also considered the values of maximum heart rate and training to provide more safety to the research. Results: the sample consisted of two subjects who presented adequate responses to the practice of active video game games. For subject 1 the activity was considered as mild and for subject 2 a moderate activity. Conclusion: the need for more scientific studies to clarify the effects of these games on the different systems and the need for professionals qualified to use these games for therapeutic purposes was evidenced.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar las respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo de pacientes hemiparéticos despúes de la práctica de los juegos de vídeo del XBOX Kinect. Método: Estudio de casos múltiples con abordaje cuantitativo, con evaluación de la frecuencia cardíaca, respiratoria, saturación de oxígeno, presión arterial y percepción del esfuerzo durante la práctica del juego Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012® después de cinco y diez minutos del término de la actividad. Se consideran también los valores de frecuencia cardiaca máxima y de entrenamiento para proporcionar más seguridad a la investigación. Resultados: la muestra fue compuesta por dos sujetos, éstos presentaron respuestas adecuadas a la práctica de los juegos activos de video. Para el sujeto 1 la actividad fue considerada como leve y para el sujeto 2 una actividad moderada. Conclusión: se evidenció la necesidad de más estudios científicos para aclarar los efectos de estos juegos sobre los diversos sistemas y la necesidad de profesionales habilitados para la utilización de esos juegos para fines terapéuticos.(AU)

A 15-Year-Old Girl With Sudden Onsent Reversible Neurologic Symptoms After Cranial Irradiation for Medulloblastoma.

A 15-year-old girl with history of medulloblastoma was evaluated for headache and neurologic deficits 5 years after completion of initial radiation therapy and 3 years following completion of reirradiation. Neurologic examination was notable for new-onset left hemianopia, hemiparesis, and neglect. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive areas of cortical T2 prolongation and thickening involving the right parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes with associated extensive gyral enhancement. Upon spontaneous resolution of her weakness after 4 days, repeat magnetic resonance imaging showed resolution of the edema and gyral enhancement, suggestive of the diagnosis of stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART syndrome). A review of SMART is provided in this case report.

Cortical Hand Knob Stroke: Report of 25 Cases.

BACKGROUND: Although uncommon, cortical hand knob territory stroke is a well-defined stroke entity that mimics peripheral nerve damage. Atherosclerosis and hypertension are the most prevalent risk factors for the disease. Embolic origin, either artery-to-artery or cardioembolic, has been suggested as the most probable underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with isolated hand palsy due to central origin were admitted to our department between 2006 and 2016. Cortical lesions were proven by either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The average age was 67 ± 12 years. Most of the cases were first-ever strokes (n = 23, 92%). Isolated infarct in the hand knob region was found in 18 of the 25 cases, whereas 7 had multiple acute infarctions. Supra-aortic atherosclerosis was found in 21 patients, 8 of them had 50% or greater ipsilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Hypertension was the second most prevalent risk factor (n = 20, 80%). Quick improvement of symptoms was seen in almost every case (mean follow-up 17.5 months), 9 patients showed complete recovery, whereas 2 remained disabled and 1 died due to a malignant disease. Three patients suffered a recurrent stroke on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that distal arm paresis is a rare presentation of acute stroke with usually benign course.

Evaluation and Management of Acute-Onset Hemiparesis in an Adolescent With Leukemia.

Emergency departments (EDs) are alert to the possibility of stroke and the need for early interventions to improve long-term clinical outcomes. However, new-onset hemiparesis in pediatric patients with leukemia may be due to a number of different etiologies, including most common side effects from chemotherapeutic agents. We present a case of a 15-year-old boy with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy, having recently received a high-dose methotrexate infusion in addition to intrathecal methotrexate therapy, who presented to our ED with acute right-sided hemiparesis. He was initially suspected as having a possible ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence) demonstrated focal areas of diffusion restriction, an early sign of delayed-onset methotrexate neurotoxicity. Our patient received appropriate supportive care and leucovorin rescue with gradual clinical recovery, after a prolonged hospitalization and acute care rehabilitation over the course of several months. Our case illustrates the need for ED providers to consider methotrexate neurotoxicity in pediatric oncology patients presenting with acute neurologic changes.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Anabolic Signaling in Patients with Stroke.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke results in limited ability to produce voluntary muscle contraction and movement on one side of the body, leading to further muscle wasting and weakness. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is often used to facilitate involuntary muscle contraction; however, the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle growth and strengthening processes in hemiparetic muscle is not clear. This study examined the skeletal muscle anabolic response of an acute bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in individuals with chronic stroke and healthy older adults. METHODS: Eleven individuals (59.8 ± 2.7 years old) were divided into a chronic stroke group (n = 5) and a healthy older adult control group (n = 6). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after stimulation from the vastus lateralis of the hemiparetic leg for the stroke group and the right leg for the control group. The neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocol consisted of a 60-minute, intermittent stimulation train at 60 Hz. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 were analyzed by Western blot. FINDINGS: An acute bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation increased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (stroke: 56.0%; control: 51.4%; P = .002) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (stroke: 131.2%; control: 156.3%; P = .002) from resting levels to post-neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment, respectively. Phosphorylated protein content was similar between stroke and control groups at both time points. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that paretic muscles of patients with chronic stroke may maintain ability to stimulate protein synthesis machinery in response to neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor presented with an immobile arm in a one-year-old boy.

Infants with an immobile arm may be easily overlooked in primary care settings. Differential diagnoses include injuries, infections, neuropathies, ischemia and rarely, neoplasms. We report the case of a one-year-old boy with weakness in his left arm after minor trauma with a diagnosis of brachial plexus palsy initially. After rehabilitation for 2months, his weakness progressed to unsteady gait and quadriparesis. MRI revealed a huge solid tumor in the left supraclavicular fossa, which also involved the left brachial plexus, upper thoracic cavity, and left paravertebral space with invasion into the spinal canal. Microscopically, the medium-large polygonal tumor cells had an eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm and immunostaining showed a loss of nuclear INI1 expression. Array comparative genomic hybridization of the tumor tissue confirmed a segmental deletion at chromosome region 22q11.23 involving the SMARCB1 gene. The final diagnosis was cervical paravertebral malignant rhabdoid tumor with intraspinal epidural and intradural invasion, a rare case of extrarenal extracranial rhabdoid tumor (ERRT). The intraspinal part of the tumor was resected followed by interval-compressed chemotherapy with vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide-etoposide (VDC/IE). The tumor showed very good partial response to four cycles of chemotherapy with gradual recovery of neurological symptoms. ERRT is a very rare and aggressive tumor that mainly occurs in infants and children and may manifest with vague neurological symptoms when it involves the spinal cord and/or peripheral nerves. A neoplasm such as ERRT originating from or involving the brachial plexus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an immobile arm in infancy.

ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator in multiple sclerosis: a new indication.

OBJECTIVE Direct stimulation of the peroneal nerve by the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator is a potent therapy that was described previously for stroke-related drop foot. The authors report here successful long-term application of the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Six patients with MS and 2 years of persisting central leg paresis received an implantable ActiGait drop foot stimulator after successful surface test stimulation. Ten weeks and 1 year after surgery, their gait speed, endurance, and safety were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire. RESULTS In the 20-m gait test, stimulation with the ActiGait stimulator significantly reduced the time needed, on average, by approximately 23.6% 10 weeks after surgery, and the time improved further by 36.3% after 1 year. The median distance covered by patients with the stimulator after 6 minutes of walking increased significantly from 217 m to 321 m and remained stable for 1 year; the distance covered by patients after surface stimulation was 264 m. Patients with an implanted ActiGait stimulator noticed pronounced improvement in their mobility, social participation, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator improved gait speed, endurance, and quality of life in all patients over a period of 1 year. It may serve as a new therapeutic option for patients with MS-related drop foot.

The Efficacy of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Using Transcranial Electrically Stimulated Muscle-evoked Potentials (TcE-MsEPs) for Predicting Postoperative Segmental Upper Extremity Motor Paresis After Cervical Laminoplasty.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of transcranial electrically stimulated muscle-evoked potentials (TcE-MsEPs) for predicting postoperative segmental upper extremity palsy following cervical laminoplasty. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Postoperative segmental upper extremity palsy, especially in the deltoid and biceps (so-called C5 palsy), is the most common complication following cervical laminoplasty. Some papers have reported that postoperative C5 palsy cannot be predicted by TcE-MsEPs, although others have reported that it can be predicted. METHODS: This study included 160 consecutive cases that underwent open-door laminoplasty, and TcE-MsEP monitoring was performed in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, abductor digiti minimi, tibialis anterior, and abductor hallucis. A >50% decrease in the wave amplitude was defined as an alarm point. According to the monitoring alarm, interventions were performed, which include steroid administration, foraminotomies, etc. RESULTS: Postoperative deltoid and biceps palsy occurred in 5 cases. Among the 155 cases without segmental upper extremity palsy, there were no monitoring alarms. Among the 5 deltoid and biceps palsy cases, 3 had significant wave amplitude decreases in the biceps during surgery, and palsy occurred when the patients awoke from anesthesia (acute type). In the other 2 cases in which the palsy occurred 2 days after the operation (delayed type), there were no significant wave decreases. In all of the cases, the palsy was completely resolved within 6 months. DISCUSSION: The majority of C5 palsies have been reported to occur several days after surgery, but some of them have been reported to occur immediately after surgery. Our results demonstrated that TcE-MsEPs can predict the acute type, whereas the delayed type cannot be predicted. CONCLUSIONS: A >50% wave amplitude decrease in the biceps is useful to predict acute-type segmental upper extremity palsy. Further examination about the interventions for monitoring alarm will be essential for preventing palsy.

Complete resolution of postoperative hemiparesis following carotid endarterectomy with therapeutic hypothermia: a case study and literature review.

Therapeutic hypothermia is indicated in a number of traumatic brain injuries as well as for cardiovascular shock (Warner DS, James ML, Laskowitz, et al. Translational research in acute central nervous system injury: lessons learned and the future. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:1311-1318), but it has been limited in its application to acute ischemic stroke. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with a clinical cerebrovascular accident following a right carotid endarterectomy who was treated with a 24-hr hypothermia protocol and had a full recovery. The hypothermia protocol utilized on this patient and a review of the literature surrounding hypothermia in the setting of ischemic stroke are presented.

Longitudinal evaluation of corticospinal tract in patients with resected brainstem cavernous malformations using high-definition fiber tractography and diffusion connectometry analysis: preliminary experience.

OBJECT: Brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) are challenging due to a higher symptomatic hemorrhage rate and potential morbidity associated with their resection. The authors aimed to preoperatively define the relationship of CMs to the perilesional corticospinal tracts (CSTs) by obtaining qualitative and quantitative data using high-definition fiber tractography. These data were examined postoperatively by using longitudinal scans and in relation to patients' symptomatology. The extent of involvement of the CST was further evaluated longitudinally using the automated "diffusion connectometry" analysis. METHODS: Fiber tractography was performed with DSI Studio using a quantitative anisotropy (QA)-based generalized deterministic tracking algorithm. Qualitatively, CST was classified as being "disrupted" and/or "displaced." Quantitative analysis involved obtaining mean QA values for the CST and its perilesional and nonperilesional segments. The contralateral CST was used for comparison. Diffusion connectometry analysis included comparison of patients' data with a template from 90 normal subjects. RESULTS: Three patients (mean age 22 years) with symptomatic pontomesencephalic hemorrhagic CMs and varying degrees of hemiparesis were identified. The mean follow-up period was 37.3 months. Qualitatively, CST was partially disrupted and displaced in all. Direction of the displacement was different in each case and progressively improved corresponding with the patient's neurological status. No patient experienced neurological decline related to the resection. The perilesional mean QA percentage decreases supported tract disruption and decreased further over the follow-up period (Case 1, 26%-49%; Case 2, 35%-66%; and Case 3, 63%-78%). Diffusion connectometry demonstrated rostrocaudal involvement of the CST consistent with the quantitative data. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic brainstem CMs can disrupt and displace perilesional white matter tracts with the latter occurring in unpredictable directions. This requires the use of tractography to accurately define their orientation to optimize surgical entry point, minimize morbidity, and enhance neurological outcomes. Observed anisotropy decreases in the perilesional segments are consistent with neural injury following hemorrhagic insults. A model using these values in different CST segments can be used to longitudinally monitor its craniocaudal integrity. Diffusion connectometry is a complementary approach providing longitudinal information on the rostrocaudal involvement of the CST.

Recurrent Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome Following Repeat Brain Tumor Resection Involving Supplementary Motor Cortex.

BACKGROUND: Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome occurs after surgery involving the SMA and is characterized by contralateral hemiparesis with or without speech impairment (dependent on involvement of the dominant SMA), which is transient and characteristically resolves over the course of weeks to months. Recurrent SMA syndrome after repeat craniotomy has not been previously described. OBJECTIVE: To describe the presentation and clinical course of patients who developed recurrent SMA syndrome after redo resection of tumors involving the SMA. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent repeated resection of low-grade glioma from the superior and middle frontal gyrus. Of these patients, we identified 6 cases of recurrent SMA syndrome. RESULTS: Six patients had a documented SMA syndrome occurring after initial and subsequent resection of tumor in proximity to the SMA. Intraoperative localization of eloquent motor and language cortex was achieved in each patient by using a combination of somatosensory evoked potentials and electrocortical stimulation mapping. Location of tumor and extent of resection was examined with magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates that recurrent SMA syndrome occurs in patients undergoing repeat resection of tumors involving the SMA. The presence of recurrent SMA syndrome provides support for reorganization of SMA function to adjacent ipsilateral cortex after resection. Patients with recurrent neoplasms of the SMA should be counseled on the possibility of recurrent SMA syndrome.

Scapula alata: description of a physical therapy program and its effectiveness measured by a shoulder-specific quality-of-life measurement.

BACKGROUND: To date, there are no published outcomes-based treatment programs to guide clinicians when managing patients with scapula alata. The purposes of this study were to describe a physical therapy program in patients with scapula alata and to evaluate its effect using a shoulder-specific quality-of-life measurement. METHODS: In this case series and retrospective study, 22 patients (11 female patients) with a median age of 34 years (interquartile range, 28-44 years), diagnosed with scapula alata caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve, were successively referred as outpatients to a physical therapy program at a university hospital. The program included (1) physical examination, (2) thoracic brace treatment, and (3) muscular rehabilitation. The treatment frequency and duration were determined individually. The effect was evaluated by a shoulder-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index. The WORC Index is grouped into 5 domains: physical symptoms, sport/leisure time, work, lifestyle, and emotional health. RESULTS: The results showed a highly significant improvement (P < .001) from pretest to post-test as measured by all 5 domains in the WORC Index. CONCLUSIONS: This study described in detail a physical therapy program; the program showed significant benefit. Further research is needed before recommending the program as a potential treatment option.

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy in the approach of post-stroke chronic hemiparetic child: a case report / Terapia de constricción y inducción al movimiento modificada en el planteamiento terapêutico de un niño hemiparético crónico después de un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico infantil: un reporte de caso / Terapia de constrição e indução ao movimento modificada na abordagem terapêutica de uma criança hemiparética crônica pós-acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico infantil: um relato de caso

Stroke is the result of disorientation of brain activity of vascular origin, with more than 24 hours. The constrain induction movement therapy (CIMT) is a highlighting method for motor rehabilitation that provides cortical reorganization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor function after stroke in a child before and after CIMT. Participated in this study, a female child, nine years old and with chronic left hemiparesis. For the simultaneous analysis of the flexor and extensor muscles of the wrist in maximal voluntary isometric contraction, at the start and the end of CIMT protocol, we used surface electromyography and stabilometry to balance access. The patient had constricted close to the body the non-paretic upper limb, enabling only the use of the paretic upper limb. Still, 14 consecutive sessions of physiotherapy were performed. For constriction, we use a tubular mesh for 23 hours per day. The analysis revealed a root mean square (RMS) increase in flexors and extensors to the wrist, improves balance and weight bearing. Thus, fourteen days CIMT associated a functional activities protocol resulted in an improved of extensors and flexors of the wrist muscle activation pattern and a significant improvement of the balance of the patient.

El accidente vascular encefálico (AVE) es resultado de la desorientación de la actividad encefálica, de origen vascular, con más de 24 horas de duración. La terapia de constricción con inducción al movimiento (TCIM) se destaca como un método de rehabilitación motora que proporciona la reorganización cortical. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la función motora de un niño pos-AVE, antes y después de la TCIM. Participó de este estudio un niña de nuevo años y con hemiparesia crónica a la izquierda. Al principio y al final del protocolo de TCIM para el análisis simultáneo de los músculos flexores y extensores de la muñeca en la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima, se utilizó la electromiografía de superficie para evaluar el equilibrio. El paciente tuvo el miembro superior (MS) no parético inmovilizado junto al cuerpo, lo que permitió sólo el uso del MS parético. Además, fueron realizadas 14 sesiones consecutivas de fisioterapia. Para la contención, se utilizó una malla tubular durante 23 horas al día. El análisis reveló un aumento de la root mean square (RMS) de flexores y extensores de la muñeca, mejora del equilibrio y descarga de peso después de la intervención. Por lo tanto, 14 días de TCIM asociada con el protocolo de actividades funcionales en la fisioterapia resultaron un mejor patrón de activación muscular de los extensores y flexores de la muñeca y una mejora significativa del equilibrio de la paciente.

O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é resultado de desorientação da atividade encefálica, de origem vascular, com mais de 24 horas de duração. A terapia de constrição com indução ao movimento (TCIM) destaca-se como método de reabilitação motora que proporciona reorganização cortical. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a função motora em uma criança pós-AVE, antes e após a TCIM. Participou deste estudo uma criança do sexo feminino, com nove anos e hemiparesia crônica à esquerda. No início e no final do protocolo de TCIM, para a análise simultânea dos músculos flexores e extensores de punho em contração isométrica voluntária máxima, foi utilizada a eletromiografia de superfície para avaliar o equilíbrio a estabilometria. A paciente teve o membro superior (MS) não parético imobilizado junto ao corpo, possibilitando somente a utilização do MS parético. Ainda, foram realizadas 14 sessões consecutivas de fisioterapia. Para a contenção, foi utilizada uma malha tubular, durante 23 horas por dia. A análise revelou um aumento da root mean square (RMS) de flexores e extensores de punho, melhora do equilíbrio e descarga de peso após a intervenção. Assim, 14 dias de TCIM associada ao protocolo de atividades funcionais na fisioterapia resultaram em um melhor padrão de ativação muscular dos extensores e flexores do punho e uma importante melhora do equilíbrio da paciente.