RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las mordeduras causadas por animales de compañía constituyen el 5% de las heridas traumáticas registradas en los servicios de urgencias. OBJETIVO: Conocer los principales agentes infecciosos presentes en las mordeduras provocadas por perros y gatos, tanto de forma individual como conjunta; así como los factores que favorecen la infección. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pub-Med con la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: (("Bites, Human"[Mesh]) OR "Bites and Stings"[Mesh]) AND "Infection"[Mesh]. Se incluyeron 24 trabajos en la síntesis cualitativa escritos en lengua inglesa o española, casos clínicos o descriptivos y publicados entre los años 2000 y 2019. RESULTADOS: Las especies más frecuentemente aisladas fueron Capnocytophaga canimorsus en perros y Pasteurella multocida en gatos. La existencia de comorbilidades en el individuo, la mordedura en la mano, o la presencia de signos de alteración del estado general del individuo mordido fueron considerados como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la infección tras la mordedura. CONCLUSIONES: Todos los afectados por mordeduras animales deben recibir asistencia médica y considerar la administración de una pauta de profilaxis antimicrobiana con el fin de reducir el riesgo de shock séptico. Por otro lado, es importante advertir al laboratorio de microbiología de la naturaleza de las muestras clínicas obtenidas para alcanzar el mejor diagnóstico etiológico.
BACKGROUND: Bites caused by pets constitute 5% of the traumatic injuries registered in the emergency services. AIM: To know the main infectious agents present in dog and cat bites, both individually and jointly, in humans, as well as the predisposing factors that favor infection and its spread. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed with the following search strategy: (("Bites, Human" [Mesh]) OR "Bites and Stings" [Mesh]) AND "Infection" [Mesh]. Twenty-four papers were included in the qualitative synthesis written in English or Spanish, clinical or descriptive cases and published between 2000 and 2019. Results: Most frequently isolated species were Capnocytophaga canimorsus in dogs and Pasteurella multocida in cats. The existence of comorbidities in the individual, the bite on the hand, or the presence of signs of alteration of the general state of the bitten individual were considered as risk factors for the development of infection after the bite. CONCLUSIONS: All patients with animal bites should receive medical assistance, and the administration of an antibiotic prophylaxis regimen should be considered to reduce the risk of septic shock. Besides, it is important to advise the microbiology laboratory of the nature of the clinical samples obtained in order to reach the best etiological diagnosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Mordeduras e Picadas/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Capnocytophaga/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Resumen Pasteurella multocida es reconocida por ser una de las especies más frecuentemente aisladas en la microbiota oral de animales domésticos y salvajes; asociadas a infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos secundarias a mordeduras y rasguños. Las infecciones sistémicas son poco frecuentes, asociadas a la diseminación desde infecciones localizadas y a factores de riesgo asociados a inmunosupresión. Presentamos un caso de bacteriemia por Pasteurella multocida en un paciente de 88 años, relacionada con alimentos compartidos con su mascota; un mecanismo de producción de bacteriemia nunca antes descrito en la literatura médica.
Pasteurella species are known to be one of the most frequently isolated in oral microbiota of domestic and wild animals, because of that, they are associated with skin and soft tissues infections secondary to bites and scratches. Systemic infections are uncommon, but are associated with dissemination from localized infections and some risks factors related to immunosuppression. We report a case of Pasteurella multocida bacteremia in an 88 years old patient, associated with food sharing with his dog; a bacteremia mechanism never described before in the medical literature.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cães/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/imunologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológico , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Bacteriemia/imunologia , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Bovine respiratory disease complex is a major disease affecting the global cattle industry. Multiple infections by viruses and bacteria increase disease severity. Previously, we reported that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection increases adherence of Pasteurella multocida to human respiratory and bovine kidney epithelial cells. To examine the interaction between the virus and bacteria in bovine respiratory cells, we generated respiratory epithelial cell lines from bovine trachea (bTEC), bronchus (bBEC), and lung (bLEC). Although all established cell lines were infected by BRSV and P. multocida susceptibility differed according to site of origin. The cells derived from the lower respiratory tract (bBEC and bLEC) were significantly more susceptible to BRSV than those derived from the upper respiratory tract (bTEC). Pre-infection of bBEC and bLEC with BRSV increased adherence of P. multocida; this was not the case for bTEC. These results indicate that BRSV may reproduce better in the lower respiratory tract and encourage adherence of bacteria. Thus, we identify one possible mechanism underlying severe pneumonia.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/veterinária , Células Epiteliais , Interações Microbianas , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Animais , Complexo Respiratório Bovino/microbiologia , Complexo Respiratório Bovino/virologia , Brônquios/citologia , Brônquios/microbiologia , Brônquios/virologia , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Pulmão/citologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/virologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/virologia , Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/microbiologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/genética , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/isolamento & purificação , Traqueia/citologia , Traqueia/microbiologia , Traqueia/virologiaRESUMO
Pasteurella multocida is a known pathogen in humans, mostly reported after animal bite incidents. Atraumatic infections have been described, especially in immunocompromised patients. A 20-year-old patient with a history of stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma with cavitating pulmonary lesions presented with a bilateral pneumonia. Shortly after finishing antibiotic treatment, she quickly developed the same symptoms of pneumonia. Bronchoscopy showed a large cavity in the right upper lobe and P. multocida was isolated from all bronchial cultures. The transmission route of P. multocida via the patient's dog was confirmed by sampling the full genome of the dog's mouth, which matched the unique P. multocida sequences found in the patient. This case demonstrates the importance of accurately determining the aetiology of the patient's symptoms, and Pasteurella infection should be considered in all immunocompromised patients with domestic animal contact, even without a bite incident.
Assuntos
Doença de Hodgkin , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Mordeduras e Picadas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cães/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Adulto Jovem , ZoonosesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) is considered a secondary agent of pneumonia in pigs. The role of PmA as a primary pathogen was investigated by challenging pigs with eight field strains isolated from pneumonia and serositis in six Brazilian states. Eight groups of eight pigs each were intranasally inoculated with different strains of PmA (1.5 mL/nostril of 10e7 CFU/mL). The control group (n = 12) received sterile PBS. The pigs were euthanized by electrocution and necropsied by 5 dpi. Macroscopic lesions were recorded, and swabs and fragments of thoracic and abdominal organs were analyzed by bacteriological and pathological assays. The PmA strains were analyzed for four virulence genes (toxA: toxin; pfhA: adhesion; tbpA and hgbB: iron acquisition) by PCR and sequencing and submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: The eight PmA strains were classified as follows: five as highly pathogenic (HP) for causing necrotic bronchopneumonia and diffuse fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis; one as low pathogenic for causing only focal bronchopneumonia; and two as nonpathogenic because they did not cause injury to any pig. PCR for the gene pfhA was positive for all five HP isolates. Sequencing demonstrated that the pfhA region of the HP strains comprised four genes: tpsB1, pfhA1, tpsB2 and pfhA2. The low and nonpathogenic strains did not contain the genes tpsB2 and pfhA2. A deletion of four bases was observed in the pfhA gene in the low pathogenic strain, and an insertion of 37 kb of phage DNA was observed in the nonpathogenic strains. MLST clustered the HP isolates in one group and the low and nonpathogenic isolates in another. Only the nonpathogenic isolates matched sequence type 10; the other isolates did not match any type available in the MLST database. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that some PmA strains are primary pathogens and cause disease in pigs without any co-factor was confirmed. The pfhA region, comprising the genes tpsB1, tpsB2, pfhA1 and pfhA2, is related to the pathogenicity of PmA. The HP strains can cause necrotic bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis in pigs and can be identified by PCR amplification of the gene pfhA2.
Assuntos
Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , Broncopneumonia/microbiologia , Broncopneumonia/veterinária , Genes Bacterianos , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/veterinária , Infecções por Pasteurella/genética , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pericardite/microbiologia , Pericardite/veterinária , Pleurisia/microbiologia , Pleurisia/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Suínos , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are as many as 300,000 visits to the emergency department in the USA with animal bites every year. The most common infection after cat or dog bite is with Pasteurella Multocida. Many people infected will also have long-term central venous access for dialysis or for other reasons. No prior reports or guidelines exist regarding the management of P. multocida bacteremia due to line infection or bacteremia in the presence of long-term central venous access. We describe the successful treatment of an individual with P. multocida bacteremia secondary to tunnelled line infection managed with line retention. CASE PRESENTATION: A 21 year-old man with a history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis on home hemodialysis presented with fever and hypotension 3 days after dialysis catheter replacement. The patient was found to be bacteremic with Pasteurella Multocida and he subsequently reported a history of cat bite to his dialysis catheter. He declined removal of the tunnelled catheter and was thereafter treated for a total of 2 weeks with intravenous ceftazidime post-dialysis and gentamicin line-locks without recurrence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Pasteurella Multocida bacteremia in the presence of a long-term central venous catheter is potentially curable using 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and line retention. Further data regarding outcomes of treatment in this setting are required though in select cases clinicians faced with a similar scenario could opt for trial of intravenous therapy and retention of central venous catheter.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Mordeduras e Picadas/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico , Pasteurella multocida , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Mordeduras e Picadas/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Gatos , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/microbiologia , Gentamicinas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Pasteurella/etiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Mycoplasma bovis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Mannheimia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/patologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Carne Vermelha , Doenças Respiratórias/microbiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/patologiaRESUMO
Mannheimia haemolytica is causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis (mannheimiosis) that causes huge economic losses to livestock farmers. We investigated the microbial and clinico-pathological patterns associated with ovine pneumonic pasturellosis during an outbreak. Prior to death, infected sheep revealed clinical signs including dyspnoea, salivation, pyrexia and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Mortality was significantly (p < 0.05) high in young sheep as compared to adults. Necropsy findings revealed presence of froth in trachea, congestion and consolidation of lungs, pulmonary edema, severe pleural adhesions, pericarditis, hemorrhages on mucosa of jejunum and kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed circumscribed and centrally calcified necrotic areas punctuated with chronic inflammatory cells and interstitial pneumonia. Moreover, bronchial epithelial hyperplasia, edema, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, thick interlobular septae and peri-vascular cuffing were the striking changes in lungs. Furthermore, lungs showed severe fibrin depositions along with abundant amount of fibrin meshwork on pleura infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. Histologically, liver, kidneys and lymph nodes showed degenerative changes. Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were differentially identified on the basis of culture characteristics and biochemical tests. M. haemolytica was further confirmed by using polymerase chain reaction. From the findings of current study, it is concluded that M. haemolytica is a major respiratory threat in small ruminants that causes severe pneumonic changes in infected animals.
Assuntos
Bactérias/patogenicidade , Pulmão/microbiologia , Mannheimia haemolytica/patogenicidade , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Animais , Calcinose/patologia , Calcinose/veterinária , Clima , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Hiperplasia/veterinária , Rim/microbiologia , Rim/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Mannheimia haemolytica/genética , Mannheimia haemolytica/isolamento & purificação , Mortalidade , Necrose/patologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/epidemiologia , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/microbiologia , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/patologia , Patologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of a Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) like disease causing large mortalities in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Asia and in Africa have been reported since 1890. Yet the aetiology of this condition remains elusive. This study is the first to apply state of the art molecular methods to shed light on the nasopharyngeal carrier state of Pasteurellaceae in camels. The study focused on HS causing Pasteurella multocida capsular types B and E. Other Pasteurellaceae, implicated in common respiratory infections of animals, were also investigated. METHODS: In 2007 and 2008, 388 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 12 locations in North Kenya from 246 clinically healthy camels in 81 herds that had been affected by HS-like disease. Swabs were used to cultivate bacteria on blood agar and to extract DNA for subsequent PCR analysis targeting P. multocida and Mannheimia-specific gene sequences. RESULTS: Forty-five samples were positive for P. multocida genes kmt and psl and for the P. multocida Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) specific sequences KTSP61/KTT72 but lacked HS-associated capsular type B and E genes capB and capE. This indicates circulation of HS strains in camels that lack established capsular types. Sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene identified 17 nasal swab isolates as 99% identical with Mannheimia granulomatis, demonstrating a hitherto unrecognised active carrier state for M. granulomatis or a closely related Mannheimia sp. in camels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide evidence for the presence of acapsular P. multocida or of hitherto unknown capsular types of P. multocida in camels, closely related to P. multocida strains causing HS in bovines. Further isolations and molecular studies of camelid P. multocida from healthy carriers and from HS-like disease in camels are necessary to provide conclusive answers. This paper is the first report on the isolation of M. granulomatis or a closely related new Mannheimia species from camelids.
Assuntos
Camelus/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurellaceae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/veterinária , DNA Bacteriano , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurellaceae/genética , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/veterinária , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
The pasteurella multocida (PM) is widely gastrointestinal parasitic on dogs, cats and other animals. The PM human infections is caused by animal bites orits close contact. Clinically foundin focal wound infection after bite, and acute suppurative otitis media reportshave not been caused by PM. A 45 years old nasopharyngeal cancer who sudden stabbing painof the left ear for 5h. Physical examination found that the left earexisted a lot of yellowish white purulent secretion. Distribution and drug sensitivity test of bacteria showed PM and it was sensitive to many antibiotics. nasopharygo fiberscope revealed that eustachian tube and theleft ear had a large number of purulentsecretion. The main diagnosis was: â Recurrent nasopharyngealcarcinoma; â¡ Acute suppurative otitis media. TREATMENT: according to the results of drug sensitive test and skin test inpatients with selection of levofloxacin (0.2 g/12 h), clindamycin (0.6 g/12 h) anti-infection treatment, the patient get better in the end.
Assuntos
Otite Média Supurativa/diagnóstico , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Mordeduras e Picadas , Carcinoma , Humanos , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Otite Média Supurativa/tratamento farmacológico , Otite Média Supurativa/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Infection of an aortic endograft is a rare complication following endovascular aneurysm repair. These patients have been treated with explantation of the graft to obtain source control followed by an extra-anatomic bypass to restore circulation. The present case study describes an interesting case of Pasteurella infection involving an aortic endograft managed nonoperatively by percutaneous drainage and graft preservation.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/microbiologia , Aortografia/métodos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Drenagem/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Pasteurella/terapia , Infecções por Pasteurella/transmissão , Animais de Estimação/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/transmissão , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , ZoonosesRESUMO
Abstract Pasteurella multocida causes atrophic rhinitis in swine and fowl cholera in birds, and is a secondary agent in respiratory syndromes. Pathogenesis and virulence factors involved are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to detect 22 virulence-associated genes by PCR, including capsular serogroups A, B and D genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida strains from poultry and swine. ompH, oma87, plpB, psl, exbD-tonB, fur, hgbA, nanB, sodA, sodC, ptfA were detected in more than 90% of the strains of both hosts. 91% and 92% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were classified in serogroup A. toxA and hsf-1 showed a significant association to serogroup D; pmHAS and pfhA to serogroup A. Gentamicin and amoxicillin were the most effective drugs with susceptibility higher than 97%; however, 76.79% of poultry strains and 85% of swine strains were resistant to sulphonamides. Furthermore, 19.64% and 36.58% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were multi-resistant. Virulence genes studied were not specific to a host and may be the result of horizontal transmission throughout evolution. High multidrug resistance demonstrates the need for responsible use of antimicrobials in animals intended for human consumption, in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to P. multocida.
Assuntos
Animais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Pasteurella multocida/efeitos dos fármacos , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genótipo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Aves Domésticas , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Sorotipagem , Suínos , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Cat bites at the hand are common situation in emergency departments. Neglected or poorly supported, these lesions sometimes lead to serious injuries that may compromise the function of the hand. Pasteurellamultocida is the most offending germ in these lesions, despite their sensitivity to antibiotics; it can sometimes lead to deep infections involving the skin, bones and joints. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome is exceptional after cat bite. We report a case of a 56 Year old female presenting with an acute carpal tunnel syndrome associated with compartment syndrome of the right hand 6 days after a cat bite of her right thumb. The patient was treated by surgery to relieve the median nerve. Microbiology identified PasteurellaMultocida.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/etiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/complicações , Doença Aguda , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/microbiologia , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/microbiologia , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Gatos , Feminino , Mãos , Humanos , Nervo Mediano/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Treatment of septic hand tenosynovitis is complex, and often requires multiple débridements and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The authors undertook this study to identify factors that might be associated with the need for subsequent débridement (after the initial one) because of persistence or secondary worsening of infection. METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, the authors included all adult patients who presented to their emergency department from 2007 to 2010 with septic tenosynovitis of the hand. RESULTS: The authors identified 126 adult patients (55 men; median age, 45 years), nine of whom were immunosuppressed. All had community-acquired infection; 34 (27 percent) had a subcutaneous abscess and eight (6 percent) were febrile. All underwent at least one surgical débridement and had concomitant antibiotic therapy (median, 15 days; range, 7 to 82 days). At least one additional surgical intervention was required in 18 cases (median, 1.13 interventions; range, one to five interventions). All but four episodes (97 percent) were cured of infection on the first attempt after a median follow-up of 27 months. By multivariate analysis, only two factors were significantly associated with the outcome "subsequent surgical débridement": abscess (OR, 4.6; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 14.0) and longer duration of antibiotic therapy (OR, 1.2; 95 percent CI, 1.1 to 1.2). CONCLUSION: In septic tenosynovitis of the hand, the only presenting factor that was statistically predictive of an increased risk of needing a second débridement was the presence of a subcutaneous abscess. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
Assuntos
Desbridamento , Infecções por Pasteurella/cirurgia , Pasteurella multocida , Infecções Estafilocócicas/cirurgia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/cirurgia , Streptococcus pyogenes , Tenossinovite/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológico , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Tenossinovite/diagnóstico , Tenossinovite/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In order to understand better the pathological aspects and spread of Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary cause of pneumonia in pigs, was made an experiment with intranasal inoculation of different concentrations of inocula [Group (G1): 108 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml; G2: 107 CFU/ml; G3: 106 CFU/ml and G4: 105 CFU/ml], using two pigs per group. The pigs were obtained from a high health status herd. Pigs were monitored clinically for 4 days and subsequently necropsied. All pigs had clinical signs and lesions associated with respiratory disease. Dyspnoea and hyperthermia were the main clinical signs observed. Suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, in some cases associated with necrosuppurative pleuropneumonia, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritic, were the most frequent types of lesion found. The disease evolved with septicaemia, characterized by septic infarctions in the liver and spleen, with the detection of P. multocida type A. In this study, P. multocida type A strain #11246 was the primary agent of fibrinous pleuritis and suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, pericarditis and septicaemia in the pigs. All concentrations of inoculum used (105-108 CFU/ml) were able to produce clinical and pathological changes of pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis and septicemia in challenged animals...
Para entender melhor os aspectos patológicos e disseminação de Pasteurella multocida tipo A como causa primária de pneumonia em suínos foi realizado um experimento com inoculação intranasal de diferentes concentrações de inóculos [Grupo (G1): 108 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC)/ml; G2: 107 UFC/ml; G3: 106 UFC/ml e G4: 105 UFC/ml], usando dois suínos por grupo. Esses suínos foram obtidos de um rebanho de alto status sanitário. Os animais foram monitorados clinicamente por quarto dias e subsequentemente necropsiados. Todos os suínos apresentaram sinais clínicos e lesões associadas com doença respiratória. Dispneia e hipertermia foram os principais sinais clínicos observados. Broncopneumonia cranioventral supurativa, em alguns casos associados com pleuropneumonia necrossupurativa, pleurites e pericardite fibrinosa foram mais frequentes. A doença evoluiu com septicemia, caracterizada por infartos sépticos no fígado e baço, com detecção de P. multocida. Neste estudo, P. multocida tipo A isolado 11246 foi agente primário de pleurite fibrinosa e broncopneumonia cranioventral supurativa, pericardite fibrinosa e septicemia em suínos. Todas as concentrações de inóculo utilizado (105-108 UFC/ml) foram capazes de produzir sinais clínicos e patológicos de alterações de pneumonia, pleurites, pericardites e septicemia nos animais...
Assuntos
Animais , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Suínos/microbiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Lesão Pulmonar/veterinária , Pleuropneumonia/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Sepse/veterináriaRESUMO
Para avaliação dos aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos de casos clínicos de doenças respiratórias em suínos de terminação foram analisados 75 suínos doentes oriundos de 36 lotes. Suínos que apresentavam sinais clínicos respiratórios evidentes foram necropsiados para avaliação macroscópica e colheita de amostras para análise histopatológica e microbiológica. Foram realizados testes de isolamento bacteriano para as principais bactérias do sistema respiratório dos suínos, PCR para Mycoplasma hyorhinis, imuno-histoquímica para Influenza A, Circovirus suíno tipo 2 e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A sensibilidade antimicrobiana de 24 amostras de Pasteurella multocida tipo A foi avaliada por testes de concentração inibitória mínima para os principais antimicrobianos utilizados em suinocultura. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae e Pasteurella multocida tipo A foram os agentes infecciosos mais prevalentes. Broncopneumonia supurativa e pleurite foram as principais lesões respiratórias encontradas. Pasteurella multocida tipo A, quando presente, aumentou a extensão das lesões pulmonares. Todas as amostras de Pasteurella multocida testadas foram sensíveis aos antimicrobianos Doxiciclina, Enrofloxacina e Tilmicosina. Em 58% das amostras foi identificado mais de um agente infeccioso, evidenciando a alta prevalência da associação de agentes nas doenças respiratórias de suínos em terminação...
For pathological and microbiological evaluation of porcine respiratory disease in fattening pigs, seventy five animals showing respiratory distress, fever and/or cough were analyzed. These pigs were necropsied and samples were collected for histological and microbiological analysis. Bacterial isolation procedures were performed aiming to detect major swine bacterial respiratory pathogens. Also, PCR for Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and immunohistochemistry for Influenza A, porcine circovirus type 2, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were carried out. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida type A were the most prevalent infectious agents. The antimicrobial sensitivity of 24 samples of P. multocida type A was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration tests and all these samples were sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin and enrofloxacin. Suppurative bronchopneumonia and pleuritis were main respiratory lesions found. When P. multocida type A was present, the extension of lung lesions was increased. In 58% of the samples more than one infectious agent was identified, suggesting a high prevalence of infectious agents associations in porcine respiratory disease in Brazil...
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Suínos/microbiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma hyorhinis/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterináriaRESUMO
This report presents a case of progressive septic arthritis and osteomyelitis caused by a rare pathogen, Pasteurella multocida, thought to be provoked by the use of systemic corticosteroids. Despite initial improvement after antibiotics and surgical procedure, the patient returned with new, associated symptoms 1 month later. This concurrent set of circumstances leading to a life-threatening condition has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Physicians aware of such a case will be better prepared to diagnose, treat, and educate their patients. Additionally, the diagnostic challenge presented by this case report emphasizes the need for vigilance and thoroughness in obtaining histories from patients presenting with seemingly benign complaints, especially in vulnerable populations, such as infants, pregnant women, and immunocompromised adults.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Infecciosa/terapia , Biópsia , Mordeduras e Picadas , Gatos , Terapia Combinada , Desbridamento , Humanos , Masculino , Osteomielite/terapia , Infecções por Pasteurella/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Cats are often described as carriers of Pasteurella multocida in their oral microbiota. This agent is thought to cause pneumonia, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, gingivostomatitis, abscess and osteonecrosis in cats. Human infection with P. multocida has been described in several cases affecting cat owners or after cat bites. In Brazil, the cat population is approximately 21 million animals and is increasing, but there are no studies of the presence of P. multocida in the feline population or of human cases of infection associated with cats. In this study, one hundred and ninety-one healthy cats from owners and shelters in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for the presence of P. multocida in their oral cavities. Twenty animals were positive for P. multocida, and forty-one strains were selected and characterized by means of biochemical tests and PCR. The P. multocida strains were tested for capsular type, virulence genes and resistance profile. A total of 75.6% (31/41) of isolates belonged to capsular type A, and 24.4% (10/41) of the isolates were untypeable. None of the strains harboured toxA, tbpA or pfhA genes. The frequencies of the other genes tested were variable, and the data generated were used to build a dendrogram showing the relatedness of strains, which were clustered according to origin. The most common resistance profile observed was against sulfizoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Pasteurella multocida/efeitos dos fármacos , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Brasil , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Boca/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/classificação , Pasteurella multocida/genética , SorogrupoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The rare descriptions, in the literature, of ocular infections due to Pasteurella multocida include: endophtalmitis, keratitis and corneal ulcers, Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, and conjunctivitis. Here, we report a rare case of rapidly evolving conjunctivitis due to Pasteurella multocida, occurring after direct inoculation with animal droplets in an immuno-compromised host. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old, Caucasian male was referred to our department with purulent conjunctivitis, occurring five days after chemotherapy for an angioimmunoblastic-T-cell-lymphoma, and thirty-three hours after being struck in his right eye by his sneezing Dachshund dog. Physical examination revealed purulent conjunctivitis of the right eye associated with inflammatory edema of both lids. Direct bacteriological examination of conjunctival secretions showed gram-negative bacilli and regular, grey non-hemolytic colonies appearing the next day on blood agar. The oxidase test was positive for these colonies. An antibiotherapy associating intravenous amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate was administered. The outcome was favorable in the next three days allowing discharge of the patient with amoxicillin (2 g tid per os). CONCLUSION: This case report may be of interest for infectious diseases, ophthalmology or oncology specialists, especially nowadays with chemotherapy being administered in day care centres, where unusual home pathogens can be encountered in health related infections. In this case, previous animal contact and conjunctival samples showing Enterobacteriaceae like colonies with positive oxidase test were two important clues which could help clinicians to make the diagnosis of Pasteurella conjunctivitis in every day practice.
Assuntos
Conjuntivite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Cães/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/microbiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Idoso , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Linfoma de Células T/patologia , Masculino , Infecções por Pasteurella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológico , Animais de Estimação , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Pasteurella multocida inhabits the upper respiratory tract of many animals. It can cause skin and soft tissue infections in humans, usually in association with animal bites. We present a case of a 66-year-old chemotherapy-induced immunocompromised patient with lung cancer, who was treated for pneumonia and septicaemia due to P. multocida. There was no anamnestic contact with animals, which underlines the fact that immunocompromised patients can suffer from serious systemic infections due to P. multocida - even with no known animal contact.