Grado de conocimiento de la población acerca del cáncer bucal y su prevención / Degree of knowledge of the population about oral cancer and its prevention

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el grado de conocimiento que poseen las personas que concurren a una campaña de prevención de Cáncer bucal, en relación a: mucosas orales sanas, lesiones cancerizables y factores de riesgo que pueden desencadenar este tipo de patologías, como así también identificar prácticas de auto-cuidado que realizan para prevenirlas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 personas encuestadas en la capital de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, en una zona de residencia de universitarios, en diciembre del 2014, en el marco de la campaña de prevención del cáncer de boca. Se aplicó una encuesta modificada de JC Quintana Díaz y col. Los resultados más relevantes obtenidos fueron: respecto del conocimiento de la existencia del cáncer bucal, un 63,8% conocía de su presencia y se obtuvieron similares porcentajes referentes a anormalidades en las mucosas, tales como tener "fuegos" o llagas en la boca o lesiones de abultamientos, siendo la mayor lesión anormal reconocida el hecho de tener manchas en la boca (90%). El conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo en general fue insuficiente. Los factores más registrados como promotores del cáncer bucal fueron: el cigarrillo 88,80%, la exposición solar 56%, y el alcohol 47%, habiendo encontrado un gran desconocimiento de factores como el virus del VPH 70%. El 56% de los entrevistados presentó alguna vez una lesión bucal, el 46% se examinaba entre una y dos veces al año y el 17% se examinaba tres o más veces al año. Entendiéndose por examinarse a mirarse el interior de la boca frente a un espejo con luz artificial. De los resultados obtenidos concluimos que, aun teniendo en cuenta el nivel de escolaridad alto de la muestra, el grado de conocimiento de la población sobre factores de riesgo en relación al cáncer oral es insuficiente (AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of knowledge possessed by people who attend a prevention campaign for oral cancer, in relation to; healthy oral mucous membranes, cancerous lesions and risk factors that can trigger this type of pathologies, as well as identify self-care practices that are carried out to prevent them. The sample consisted of 80 people surveyed in the capital of the province of Córdoba Argentina, in an area of residence of university students, in December 2014 as part of the mouth cancer prevention campaign. A modified survey was applied by JC Quintana Díaz et al. The most relevant results, obtained, were; Regarding the knowledge of the existence of oral cancer, 63.8% were aware of its presence and similar percentages were obtained regarding mucosal abnormalities such as having "fires" or sores in the mouth or bulging lesions, the largest lesion being Abnormal recognized the fact of having spots in the mouth (90%). The knowledge about the risk factors in general was insufficient. The most registered factors as promoters of oral cancer were the 88.80% cigarette, 56% solar exposure and 47% alcohol, having found a great ignorance of factors such as the HPV virus 70%. 56% of those interviewed had a buccal lesion at some time, 46% were examined once or twice a year and 17% were examined three or more times a year. Understanding by examining yourself to look inside the mouth in front of a mirror with artificial light. From the results obtained we conclude that; even taking into account the high level of schooling of the sample, the degree of knowledge of the population about risk factors in relation to oral cancer is insufficient (AU)

Ability of Dental Students in Spain to Identify Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer.

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of students at the School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, to diagnose oral cancer and other potentially malignant disorders, as well as to compare their ability at different stages of the learning process and evaluate their knowledge retention. Students were surveyed after they had studied oral medicine and oral pathology at two time points: midway through and near the end of their studies. The survey consisted of questions about 40 photographs of benign oral lesions, malignant oral lesions, and potentially malignant disorders. The response rate for all groups was greater than 70%. The results showed that these students' overall success rate in differentiating benign from malignant lesions averaged 73.9%. When the distinction for potentially malignant disorders was included, their average overall success rate decreased to 42.8% (p<0.001). Furthermore, the students' average success rate was at its lowest at the end of the dental program (p<0.001). Results from this study suggest that, given these students' difficulties in identifying potentially malignant disorders, an increased emphasis on cancer education in the dental curriculum may be needed for future practitioners to master this ability.

Undergraduate education in special needs dentistry in Malaysian and Australian dental schools.

Meeting the oral health care needs of the growing population of people with special health care needs (SHCN) starts with dental students' acquisition of sound knowledge and development of clinical competence at the predoctoral level. The aim of this study was to review the level of undergraduate education in Special Needs Dentistry (SND) in Malaysian and Australian dental schools. The deans of all six Malaysian public dental schools and eight of nine Australian dental schools participated in a postal survey on current undergraduate didactic and clinical training in SND at their institutions. The results showed the number of dental schools in Malaysia with teaching in SND as a specific discipline was relatively low compared to that of Australia. However, a high percentage of Malaysian and Australian dental schools reported incorporating teaching of SND into pediatric dentistry (83.3 percent vs. 75 percent), oral medicine/oral pathology (66.7 percent vs. 75 percent), and oral surgery (66.7 percent vs. 25 percent). Most respondents said their school delivered SND clinical training in dental school clinics, hospital-based settings, and residential aged care facilities. Respondents in both countries viewed lack of faculty expertise as the greatest barrier to providing SND education. The study provides valuable information that can direct SND curriculum development in the two countries.

Assessment of tobacco dependence curricula in Italian dental hygiene schools.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of tobacco dependence education offered by Italian dental hygiene programs. A fifty-question survey was mailed to the thirty-one active public and private dental hygiene programs in Italy during the 2008-09 academic year. The survey assessed faculty confidence in teaching tobacco treatment, which courses contained tobacco dependence content, the number of minutes spent on specific content areas, and the level of clinical competence that dental hygiene graduates should be able to demonstrate. Surveys were returned by sixteen programs for a response rate of 52 percent. Respondents indicated tobacco dependence education was included in clinic or clinic seminar (56 percent), periodontics (44 percent), oral pathology (31 percent), and prevention (19 percent). All programs reported including the effects of tobacco on general and oral diseases in courses. However, more in-depth topics received less curriculum time; these included tobacco treatment strategies (63 percent) and discussion of cessation medications (31 percent). Interestingly, 62 percent of the respondents indicated they expected dental hygiene graduates to demonstrate a tobacco treatment competency level of a moderate intervention or higher (counseling, discussion of medications, follow-up) rather than a brief intervention in which patients are advised to quit then referred to a quitline. The results of this study indicated that Italian dental hygiene students are not currently receiving adequate instruction in tobacco treatment techniques nor are they being adequately assessed. This unique overview of Italian dental hygiene tobacco dependence education provides a basis for further discussion towards a national competency-based curriculum.

Scandinavian Fellowship for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine: guidelines for oral pathology and oral medicine in the dental curriculum.

In Scandinavia, as in many European countries, most patients consult their general dentist once a year or more. This gives the dentist a unique opportunity and an obligation to make an early diagnosis of oral diseases, which is beneficial for both the patient and the society. Thus, the dentist must have knowledge of clinical symptoms, local and systemic signs and clinical differential diagnoses to make an accurate diagnosis. The dentist must be competent in selecting appropriate diagnostic tests, for example, tissue biopsy and microbiological samples, and conducting them correctly, as well as in interpreting test results and taking appropriate action accordingly. Furthermore, the dentist must be aware of diseases demanding multidisciplinary cooperation and be able to recognise his/her professional limitation, and to refer to other specialists when required. The dental curriculum changes over time as new approaches, treatments and diagnostic possibilities develop. Likewise, the role of the dentist in the community changes and may vary in different countries. As members of the Scandinavian Fellowship for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine and subject representatives of oral pathology and oral medicine, we feel obliged to contribute to the discussion of how the guidelines of the dental curriculum support the highest possible standards of dental education. This article is meant to delineate a reasonable standard of oral pathology and oral medicine in the European dental curriculum and to guide subject representatives in curriculum development and planning. We have created an advisory topic list in oral pathology and oral medicine.

Comunicación entre distintos niveles educativos: de la universidad a la escuela / Communication between different educational levels: from the university to the school

Las universidades, generadoras de conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos, tienen la obligación de contribuir a que éstos sean accesibles n este contexto,desde 2001 estamos desarrollando la serie pedagógica “De la Universidad a la Escuela”, que consiste en actividades docentes innovadoras en el área de ciencias naturales, con experimentación en laboratorios escolares porteños.Realizamos una selección de contenidos de distintas disciplinas de las carreras de las ciencias de la salud: farmacología, microbiología, infectología, fisiología, química biológica. educación para la salud) a fin de comprender y resolver problemas relacionados con las infecciones infantiles más comunes, la salud y la ali-mentación. Impartimos nociones sobre la etiología, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento. Subsecuentemente, difundimos algunos resultados de investigación obtenidos por el equipo de la investigadora de la UBA y los relacionamos con posibles aplicacionesterapéuticas, biotecnológicas, etc.A fin de facilitar el aprendizaje, adecuamos el nivel de abstracción y complejidad a las posibilidades de losalumnos. Al pasar de la “ciencia escolar” a la “ciencia real”, se enriqueció la curricula escolar en contenidos y enfoques, con apertura novedosa a la investigación científica. Desde el punto de vista de las universidades, la pro-puesta integra sus tres funciones primordiales: docencia, investigación y extensión de su labor hacia la sociedad, en este caso escuelas primarias, si bien puede ser extensible a los niveles secundario y terciario. Además, al promover el cuidado de la salud, la pro-puesta fomenta la adquisición de valores individuales y sociales mediante la propagación de mensajes a través de la comunidad educativa.

Oral and maxillofacial pathology: quality diagnostics for the present and the future.

The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (AAOMP) has 619 members and 276 fellows. Oral and maxillofacial pathologists are uniquely qualified by training to combine expertise in histo-pathologic diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. The majority of oral and maxillofacial pathologists are academicians, and optimal education of students of all types is a major focus of the specialty. Oral pathology is an important bridging specialty between dentistry and medicine, and strong links exist between it and pathology, otolaryngology, and dermatology, among others. Patient education is also important to the specialty, and information to assist patients is a critical part of the AAOMP Web site. In research and patient care, the main focus has been on oral cancer, and the specialty continues to emphasize that dentistry not lose sight of its role in combating malignancy. The organization has worked most recently to increase liaisons among both medical and dental sister organizations to improve the healthcare climate for all.

Nivel de conocimiento poblacional sobre cáncer bucal en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina / Level of public awareness on oral cancer in Cordoba city, Argentina

El cáncer bucal (CB) es considerado como un serio problema de salud pública que causa gran morbilidad y mortalidad en la población. Su pronóstico depende, fundamentalmente, del diagnóstico precoz. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento poblacional sobre CB, factores de riesgo, signos clínicos sospechosos y parámetros relacionados con la consulta temprana a los profesionales de la salud en la ciudad de Córdoba. Materiales y método: se realizaron entregistas anónimas, aplicando un muestreo sistemático, utilizando la guía telefónica 2004-2005 de Córdoba capital. Se realizaron 526 llamadas y se obtuvieron 400 entrevistas efectivas a argentinos mayores de 18 años. Resultados: se entrevistaron 281 mujeres y 119 varones, edad promedio 45 años, rango de 18-9. Un 41 por ciento de los entrevistados desconocía la existencia del CB y se encontró el porcentaje más alto entre los menores de 30 años. De los que sabían de su existencia, 60 por ciento conocía algún factor de riesgo, siendo el tabaco el más asociado; 45 por ciento conocía alguna manifestación clínica, entre ellas, las úlceras fueron las más mencionadas. Si bien la mayoría de los entrevistados consultaba al odontólogo una o varias veces al año, sólo 32 por ciento recuerda que se le haya realizado un correcto examen bucal. Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de informar a la población sobre factores de riesgo, manifestación precoz del CB y de la importancia de la consulta temprana, así como también la de capacitar a los profesionales odontólogos y médicos clínicos para el diagnóstico de las manifestaciones iniciales del CB.

An application of virtual microscopy in the teaching of an oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory course.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to share the experience of establishing a virtual microscope and telepathology system for the oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory course in a dental school. STUDY DESIGN: A dot-slide system has been used to generate digitized microscopic slides, which are placed on an image server that is available online. RESULTS: Using software that is available as a free download (OlyVIA), students are able to select a teaching slide record, view at magnifications comparable with those of a conventional microscope, and navigate to any area on the matching virtual slide image that is stored on the image server database. Before class, the students can review the findings of the virtual teaching slides at any time or any place via broadband internet by using the instructions available on DVD. During class, students report and discuss the histological findings of the virtual teaching slides with tutors who evaluate, test, and make constructive comments on the presentations in a Web-based computer classroom. After class, students can revise the histological findings of the microscopic virtual slides available on the server. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual microscopy has many advantages over real microscopy in oral and maxillofacial pathology education. Furthermore, telepathology could also be applied in other pathological services, such as intraoperative frozen sections, routine surgical pathology, and subspecialty consultation.

Intervención educativa sobre salud bucal en gerontes institucionalizados de zona rural / Educative oral health intervention in the institutionalized elderly from a rural zone

Se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa, generalizando el instructivo educativo sonrisas del milenio, para cambiar hábitos en cuanto a salud bucal en la población de gerontes de zona rural institucionalizados pertenecientes al municipio Mella, durante el período comprendido de mayo a agosto del 2005. El universo estuvo compuesto por todos los adultos mayores, donde estudiamos las variables de sexo, edad y escolaridad. Se tomó una muestra de 26 ancianos, incorporados activamente a la institución, según sus posibilidades y que dieron su disposición. Se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre los temas que abordó la investigación, con el objetivo de medir conocimientos acerca de las problemáticas de salud planteadas, así como se contó con un programa de actividades que mediante técnicas grupales y juegos didácticos que garantizó la participación interactiva en la adquisición de conocimientos. También se les efectuó un examen bucal, lo cual facilitó la atención estomatológica curativa que se brindó colateralmente a la intervención educativa. Con esta intervención se logró incrementar significativamente el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en los senescentes participantes(AU)

He/she was carried out a study of educational intervention, generalizing the educational instructive "smiles of the millennium", to change habits as for buccal health in the population of institutionalized gerontes of rural area belonging to the municipality it Dents, during the understood period of May to August of the 2005. The universe was compound for all the bigger adults, where we study the sex variables, age and escolaridad. He/she took a sample of 26 old men, incorporate actively to the institution, according to their possibilities and that they gave their disposition. They were applied a questionnaire on the topics that it approached the investigation, with the objective of measuring knowledge about the outlined problems of health, as well as he/she had a program of activities that by means of technical grupales and didactic games that it guaranteed the interactive participation in the acquisition of knowledge. They were also made a buccal exam, that which facilitated the attention healing estomatológica that you toasted colaterally to the educational intervention. With this intervention it was possible to increase the level of knowledge significantly it has more than enough buccal health in the participant senescentes(AU)

Oral brush biopsy technique instruction outcomes for senior dental students.

Computerized oral brush biopsy became commercially available in 1999. The objectives of this study were to provide senior dental students with the clinical competency to perform oral brush biopsy and to evaluate the extent to which students used this technique and the outcomes of their biopsy techniques. During the 2004-05 academic year, 114 senior dental students at The Ohio State University College of Dentistry participated in a brush biopsy instructional program. Brush biopsy training was part of their outreach and engagement experience. Technique instruction included 1) completion of thirteen interactive online educational modules, 2) discussion of a written protocol including clinical photographs and an oral pathology position paper, and 3) performance of a trial demonstration brush biopsy on each other. Eighty-one students submitted brush biopsies on clinical patients. Lesions were found in approximately one out of every twenty patients. Seventy-four biopsy results (91 percent) were diagnostic although seventeen (21 percent) were limited by suboptimal cellular representation and seven (9 percent) were inadequate. The high percentage (71 percent) of students who actually applied their training in a true clinical setting indicates that the program was successful in providing dental students the information necessary to perform this procedure on their own. However, the number of incomplete specimens suggests the need for technique refinement and additional clinical experience.

Cisto de Gorlin: revisão de literatura / Gorlin's cyst: review of literature

O Cisto Odontogênico Epitelial Calcificante(COEC) é uma lesão incomum que apresenta comportamentoclínico variável e características histopatológicas peculiares,além de uma grande diversidade de terminologias, devido àssuas variáveis clínica, radiográfica e microscópica. Podeaparecer associado com outros tumores odontogênicos,mudando suas características. Somente em 1971 o COEC,também conhecido com Cisto de Gorlin, foi reconhecido pelaOMS como entidade patológica distinta, e classificado comolesão cística não neoplásica pelo Centro de ReferênciaInternacional para a Definição e Classificação Histológica dosTumores Odontogênicos, Cistos dos Maxilares e Lesões Afinsda OMS. Atualmente a Organização Mundial de Saúde define oCisto de Gorlin como tumor odontogênico, incluindo todas assuas variantes. Objetivo: Faremos neste trabalho uma revisãode literatura sobre o COEC e relataremos um caso clínico destaentidade, enfatizando aspectos clínicos, radiográficos ehistopatológicos relevantes para o diagnóstico e tratamentodesta patologia. Conclusão:O Cisto de Gorlin é uma entidadepatológica distinta, incomum e com características clínicas,radiográficas e histopatológicas variáveis; acomete tantomandíbula como maxila, preferencialmente na região anterior enão existe predileção por sexo ou raça, surgindo na maioria doscasos na 4a década de vida; apesar da ocorrência maisevidente em adultos, o COEC pode acometer crianças e oCirurgião-Dentista deve estar atento para realizar o diagnóstico desta patologia

Training in oral disease, diagnosis and treatment for medical students and doctors in the United Kingdom.

To find out if the training of medical undergraduates and qualified doctors was adequate to diagnose, investigate, manage, and refer common oral disorders appropriately, we sent anonymous questionnaires to undergraduate and postgraduate medical and dental deans, accident and emergency (A&E) doctors, and dentists. We wanted to know if they were capable of diagnosing and treating 10 common oral disorders, and if their training was adequate to enable them to do so. Ten clinical photographs with short clinical histories were sent to 48 A&E physicians together with a structured questionnaire. Twenty-one of the 29 medical schools in the UK responded to a questionnaire about the teaching given in the current curriculum about oral anatomy and pathology, and the prevention of oral disease. A questionnaire sent to the deans of the 16 British dental schools asked how many academic staff were involved in undergraduate teaching, and how many in postgraduate courses. A third questionnaire was sent to the 24 postgraduate medical deans to find out how many postgraduate courses there were for qualified medical staff. Of the 48 medical staff, 134 (28%) diagnosed cases correctly, compared with 194 (88.7%) of the 22 dentists, indicating serious deficiencies in diagnostic awareness. Only 11 of the 21 medical schools who responded currently incorporate teaching of oral pathology in their curricula. We conclude that doctors and medical students are inadequately educated about oral diseases with obvious consequences.