The current status of various preclinical therapeutic approaches for tendon repair.

Tendons are fibroblastic structures that link muscle and bone. There are two kinds of tendon injuries, including acute and chronic. Each form of injury or deterioration can result in significant pain and loss of tendon function. The recovery of tendon damage is a complex and time-consuming recovery process. Depending on the anatomical location of the tendon tissue, the clinical outcomes are not the same. The healing of the wound process is divided into three stages that overlap: inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, the curing tendon has a high re-tear rate. Faced with the challenges, tendon injury management is still a clinical issue that must be resolved as soon as possible. Several newer directions and breakthroughs in tendon recovery have emerged in recent years. This article describes tendon injury and summarizes recent advances in tendon recovery, along with stem cell therapy, gene therapy, Platelet-rich plasma remedy, growth factors, drug treatment, and tissue engineering. Despite the recent fast-growing research in tendon recovery treatment, still, none of them translated to the clinical setting. This review provides a detailed overview of tendon injuries and potential preclinical approaches for treating tendon injuries.

The Effect of Connective Tissue Graft Compared to Concentrated Growth Factor Graft on Buccal Peri-Implant Gingival Thickness: A 12-month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Attached gingival phenotype has a crucial impact on the implant's durability and its future success. PURPOSE: This study aims to measure and compare buccal peri-implant gingival thickness following grafting with connective tissue graft (CTG) and the concentrated growth factor (CGF) graft. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: This is a split-mouth designed randomized controlled clinical study in which a total of 20 aged 18 to 55 have bilateral missing teeth in the maxillary premolar region with less than 2 mm of healthy peri-implant gingival thickness. Patients were excluded if they were smokers, had poor oral hygiene, had uncontrolled widespread periodontal disease, or had a history of radiation treatment. The same surgical protocol was followed for each study participant, where an independent blinded medical practitioner assigned the first stage side to be treated with CTG, while the second stage side with CGF 2 weeks later. EXPOSURE VARIABLE: The primary exposure variable of this study was the gingival grafting technique; CTG or CGF. OUTCOME VARIABLE: The primary outcome variable was the buccal peri-implant gingival thickness. Gingival thickness was measured at six different times; immediately before the procedure (T0), after 30 days (T1), after 45 days (T2), after 3 months (T3), after 6 months (T4), and after 12 months (T5). COVARIATES: The covariates were age, sex general health, and periodontal status. ANALYSIS: The statistical analysis; repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to compare the gingival thickness between the studied follow-up times within each group. The level of significance was set at ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 40 treatment sites of 20 patients. The mean age of the sample was 32 years and 45% were male. The mean gingival thickness value of the CTG group was 1.62 mm with a (standard deviation = 0.18) compared to 1.28 mm for the CGF group with (standard deviation = 0.20) and an overall P value (0.001) at T5. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: CTG showed to have better gingival thickness than CGF in managing peri-implant buccal gingival thickness deficiency.

Discrete Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathways, Stem Cells, and Therapeutic Targets.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions via its discrete binding partners to form two multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1, which regulates protein synthesis and cell growth, is tightly controlled by PI3K/Akt and is nutrient-/growth factor-sensitive. In the brain, mTORC1 is also sensitive to neurotransmitter signaling. mTORC2, which is modulated by growth factor signaling, is associated with ribosomes and is insensitive to rapamycin. mTOR regulates stem cell and cancer stem cell characteristics. Aberrant Akt/mTOR activation is involved in multistep tumorigenesis in a variety of cancers, thereby suggesting that the inhibition of mTOR may have therapeutic potential. Rapamycin and its analogues, known as rapalogues, suppress mTOR activity through an allosteric mechanism that only suppresses mTORC1, albeit incompletely. ATP-catalytic binding site inhibitors are designed to inhibit both complexes. This review describes the regulation of mTOR and the targeting of its complexes in the treatment of cancers, such as glioblastoma, and their stem cells.

Recent Achievements in the Development of Biomaterials Improved with Platelet Concentrates for Soft and Hard Tissue Engineering Applications.

Platelet concentrates such as platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin or concentrated growth factors are cost-effective autologous preparations containing various growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor ß, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. For this reason, they are often used in regenerative medicine to treat wounds, nerve damage as well as cartilage and bone defects. Unfortunately, after administration, these preparations release growth factors very quickly, which lose their activity rapidly. As a consequence, this results in the need to repeat the therapy, which is associated with additional pain and discomfort for the patient. Recent research shows that combining platelet concentrates with biomaterials overcomes this problem because growth factors are released in a more sustainable manner. Moreover, this concept fits into the latest trends in tissue engineering, which include biomaterials, bioactive factors and cells. Therefore, this review presents the latest literature reports on the properties of biomaterials enriched with platelet concentrates for applications in skin, nerve, cartilage and bone tissue engineering.

Blockage of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel alleviates the severity of experimental malaria-associated acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) is a well-recognized clinical complication of severe, complicated malaria that is partly driven by sequestrations of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) on lung postcapillary induced impaired blood flow. In earlier studies the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel emerged as a regulator of mechanical stimuli, but the function and underlying mechanism of Piezo1 impacting MA-ALI severity via sensing the impaired pulmonary blood flow are still not fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the role of Piezo1 in the severity of murine MA-ALI. METHODS: Here, we utilized a widely accepted murine model of MA-ALI using C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection and then added a Piezo1 inhibitor (GsMTx4) to the model. The iRBC-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro were also targeted with GsMTx4 to further explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS: Our data showed an elevation in the expression of Piezo1 and number of Piezo1+-CD68+ macrophages in lung tissues of the experimental MA-ALI mice. Compared to the infected control mice, the blockage of Piezo1 with GsMTx4 dramatically improved the survival rate but decreased body weight loss, peripheral blood parasitemia/lung parasite burden, experimental cerebral malaria incidence, total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung wet/dry weight ratio, vascular leakage, pathological damage, apoptosis and number of CD68+ and CD86+ macrophages in lung tissues. This was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of CD206+ macrophages (M2-like subtype), upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-4 and IL-10) and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL-1ß). In addition, GsMTx4 treatment remarkably decreased pulmonary intracellular iron accumulation, protein level of 4-HNE (an activator of ferroptosis) and the number of CD68+-Piezo1+ and CD68+-4-HNE+ macrophages but significantly increased protein levels of GPX4 (an inhibitor of ferroptosis) in experimental MA-ALI mice. Similarly, in vitro study showed that the administration of GsMTx4 led to a remarkable elevation in the mRNA levels of CD206, IL-4, IL-10 and GPX-4 but to a substantial decline in CD86, TNF-α, IL-1ß and 4-HNE in the iRBC-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that blockage of Piezo1 with GsMTx4 alleviated the severity of experimental MA-ALI in mice partly by triggering pulmonary macrophage M2 polarization and subsequent anti-inflammatory responses but inhibited apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung tissue. Our data suggested that targeting Piezo1 in macrophages could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating MA-ALI.

Novel Applications of Concentrated Growth Factors in Facial Rejuvenation and Plastic Surgery.

Concentrated growth factor (CGF), which is a third-generation platelet concentrate product, exhibits good potential for repair and regeneration of soft and hard tissues, and has gradually attracted attention in the field of cosmetic plastic surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and research of CGF in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. A comprehensive review of the literature about the applications of CGF in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 articles were included in this review. In recent years, CGF has been applied in many aspects in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery, including skin photoaging, repairment of soft-tissue defects, rhinoplasty, hair loss, autologous fat transplantation, and scars. In addition, no significant adverse reactions have been reported so far. CGF is rich in high-concentration growth factors, which has great potential and application prospects in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. However, the applications of CGF still have some problems, such as the mechanism, time of decomposition, and long-term efficacy and safety, which are needed to be resolved in future.

The effect of platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-rich plasma, and concentrated growth factor in the repair of full thickness rotator cuff tears.

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff lesions rank among the prevalent causes of shoulder pain. Combining surgical interventions with growth factors, scaffolds, and stem cell therapies can effectively decrease the likelihood of rotator cuff repair recurrence. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factor (CGF), isolated from blood and rich in growth factors, have a critical role in cell migration, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis during the tissue regeneration process. Investigations have further substantiated the beneficial impact of PRP and PRF on the biomechanical and histologic attributes of the tendon-bone interface. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CGF compared with PRF and PRP in the repair of rotator cuff lesions as a new treatment strategy. METHODS: Incision was performed on both shoulder regions of 21 adult rabbits. After 8 weeks, both shoulders of the rabbits were repaired by suturing. PRF and CGF were administered to 2 separate groups along with the repair. Tissues were collected for biomechanical measurements and histologic evaluations. RESULTS: Histologically, CGF, PRF, and PRP showed similar results to the healthy control group. The level of improvement was significant in the PRF and PRP groups. In the PRF group, the distribution of Ki67 (+), CD31 (+), and CD34 (+) cells was determined intensely in the tendon-bone junction regions. Apoptotic cells increased significantly in the repair group compared with the healthy group, whereas fewer apoptotic cells were found in the PRF-, PRP-, and CGF-applied groups. In the biomechanical results, no statistical difference was recorded among the groups. CONCLUSION: The use of PRF, PRP, and CGF in rotator cuff repair shows promise in shortening the treatment period and preventing the recurrence of rotator cuff lesions.

Phenotype-structured model of intra-clonal heterogeneity and drug resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex hematological cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. This disease progresses from a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) through sequential genetic alterations involving various genes. These genetic changes contribute to the uncontrolled growth of multiple clones of plasma cells. In this study, we present a phenotype-structured model that captures the intra-clonal heterogeneity and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). The model accurately reproduces the branching evolutionary pattern observed in MM progression, aligning with a previously developed multiscale model. Numerical simulations reveal that higher mutation rates enhance tumor phenotype diversity, while access to growth factors accelerates tumor evolution and increases its final size. Interestingly, the model suggests that further increasing growth factor access primarily amplifies tumor size rather than altering clonal dynamics. Additionally, the model emphasizes that higher mutation frequencies and growth factor availability elevate the chances of drug resistance and relapse. It indicates that the timing of the treatment could trajectory of tumor evolution and clonal emergence in the case of branching evolutionary pattern. Given its low computational cost, our model is well-suited for quantitative studies on MM clonal heterogeneity and its interaction with chemotherapeutic treatments.

Efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the surgical treatment of oral diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Concentrated growth factor (CGF), a new autologous platelet concentrate, has been widely investigated to the adjunctive treatment of oral diseases. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of CGF in the surgical treatment of oral diseases. METHODS: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched up to July 2023. Only randomized clinical trials were included. The methodologic quality was evaluated by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: In the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, bone graft combined with CGF was significantly superior to bone graft (P < 0.01), with mean intrabony defect depth reduction of 1.41 mm and mean clinical attachment level gain of 0.55 mm. In the regenerative surgery of furcation defects, the effect of CGF group was significantly better than control group (P < 0.0001), with mean probing depth reduction of 0.99 mm, vertical bone gain of 0.25 mm, and horizontal bone gain of 0.34 mm. CGF combined with coronally advanced flap (CAF) was more effective than CAF alone (mean keratinized tissue width increase of 0.41 mm, mean gingival thickness increase of 0.26 mm, P < 0.00001), but less effective than connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with CAF (mean root coverage difference of -15.1%, mean gingival thickness difference of -0.5 mm, P < 0.0001). In the alveolar ridge preservation, additional use of CGF reduced horizontal bone resorption by 1.41 mm and buccal vertical bone resorption by 1.01 mm compared to control group (P < 0.0001). The VAS score of CGF group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the 1st and 7th day after oral surgery (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: CGF can exert a positive adjunctive effect for the regenerative surgery of periodontal intrabony defects, furcation defects, and alveolar ridge preservation procedure. CGF combined with CAF has a better therapeutic effect on gingival recession compared to CAF alone, although it is not as effective as CTG combined with CAF. CGF could promote postoperative healing and pain relief in oral surgery within a week. There is currently not enough evidence to support the clinical benefits of CGF in other oral surgeries.

Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic vasculitis syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 gene. The diagnosis of DADA2 is confirmed by decreased enzymatic activity of ADA2 and genetic testing. Symptoms range from cutaneous vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa-like lesions to stroke. The vasculopathy of DADA2 can affect many organ systems, including the gastrointestinal and renal systems. Hematologic manifestations occur early with hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, pure red cell aplasia, or pancytopenia. Treatment can be challenging. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are helpful to control inflammatory symptoms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant may be needed to treat refractory cytopenias, vasculopathy, or immunodeficiency.

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Growth Factors After Myocardial Infarction: From Recombinant Proteins to Gene Therapies and Beyond.

Ischaemic heart disease is the primary cause of death worldwide with myocardial infarction (MI) contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. The human heart has a limited capacity to regenerate and the significant loss of cardiomyocytes after MI can overwhelm this limited innate regenerative capability. This is in part compensated for by the creation of collagen-rich scar tissue. Therapeutic angiogenesis is an exciting prospect that can assist cardiac regeneration after MI with various approaches having been explored. This review will focus on results from clinical growth factor trials, and the lack of clinical translation. Inconsistencies in results from these may be due to heterogeneity within patient selection and an incomplete understanding of therapeutic differences between isoforms of active agents. The technology used has also evolved with recombinant protein and, subsequently, gene therapy being utilised. Innovative therapeutic designs, such as combinatorial therapies, might help to resolve these issues in the future.

Choroidal neovascularization associated with butterfly-shaped pattern dystrophy - a case report.

The pattern dystrophies (PDs) are a group of primarily autosomal dominant inherited macular diseases that cause the deposition of lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and may lead to significant vision loss in later life. Patients can develop choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and/ or geographic atrophy (GA) and for this reason they are often misdiagnosed as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We presented a case of a 66-year-old patient complaining of vision loss in the right eye (RE) for 8 months. At the initial examination, his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.6 in the RE. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) allowed to diagnose butterfly-shaped PD in both eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the RE. The patient was treated with three intravitreal anti-vascular epithelial growth factor (anti-VEGF, ranibizumab) injections during six weeks intervals, which improved and stabilized the BCVA of the RE to 0.7 during the over two-year observation period. Our report contributes to the still limited data regarding CNV associated with butterfly-shaped PDs and the results of treatment with ranibizumab. Abbreviations: AMD = age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF = anti-vascular epithelial growth factor, AOFVD = adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, BCVA = best corrected visual acuity, CNV = choroidal neovascularization, FAF = fundus autofluorescence, FFA = fundus fluorescein angiography, GA = geographic atrophy, LE = left eye, MIDD = maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, OCT = optical coherence tomography, OCTA = optical coherence tomography angiography, OU = oculus uterque, both eyes, PD = pattern dystrophy, PDSFF = pattern dystrophy simulating fundus flavimaculatus, PDT = photodynamic therapy, PRPH2 = peripherine-2, RE = right eye, RPE = retinal pigment epithelium, VA = visual acuity.

Clinical Effect Evaluation of Concentrated Growth Factor in Endodontic Microsurgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is the third-generation platelet concentrate product. This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of CGF during endodontic microsurgery had a positive influence on surgical outcomes. METHODS: Fifty-four patients who underwent endodontic microsurgery from January 2017 to November 2021 were enrolled. They were assigned to the CGF and the control groups according to whether CGF was used during the surgery and followed up at 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. Preoperative classification of the cases and follow-up radiographic outcomes were based on Kim's classification and Molven's criteria, respectively, and evaluated by 2 calibrated endodontists. The Student t test and χ2 test were used to assess the baseline of 2 groups. Rank sum test was used to determine whether CGF had an impact on the surgical outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (41 periapical lesion sites) were included in the CGF group, and 23 patients (26 periapical lesion sites) were included in the control group. The overall success rate of endodontic microsurgery was greater than 90%. The baseline of the 2 groups had no difference (P < .05). In the CGF group, the success rate was always 100% in 3 follow-ups, whereas the success rate was 84.2%, 92.8%, and 90%, respectively, in the control group. The success rate between the CGF group and the control group was statistically significant in all 3 follow-up points (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of CGF during endodontic microsurgery might have a positive influence on surgical outcomes, thus, its prognosis. However, higher-grade evidence is needed to demonstrate its role.

Promoter hypermethylation of SFRP1 as a prognostic and potentially predictive blood-based biomarker in patients with stage III or IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Unfortunately, current prognostic biomarkers are limited, and no predictive biomarkers exist. This study examined promoter hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (phSFRP1) in cfDNA as a prognostic biomarker and predictor of treatment effect in patients with metastatic FOLFIRINOX-treated PDAC and locally advanced PDAC. METHODS: We performed methylation-specific PCR of the SFRP1 genes' promoter region, based on bisulfite treatment. Survival was assessed as time-to-event data using the pseudo-observation method and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and generalized linear regressions. RESULTS: The study included 52 patients with FOLFIRINOX-treated metastatic PDAC. Patients with unmethylated (um) SFRP1 (n = 29) had a longer median overall survival (15.7 months) than those with phSFRP1 (6.8 months). In crude regression, phSFRP1 was associated with an increased risk of death of 36.9% (95% CI 12.0%-61.7%) and 19.8% (95% CI 1.9-37.6) at 12 and 24-months, respectively. In supplementary regression analysis, interaction terms between SFRP1 methylation status and treatment were significant, indicating reduced benefit of chemotherapy. Forty-four patients with locally advanced PDAC were included. phSFRP1 was associated with an increased risk of death at 24-months CONCLUSIONS: This indicates that phSFRP1 is a clinically useful prognostic biomarker in metastatic PDAC and possibly in locally advanced PDAC. Together with existing literature, results could indicate the value of cfDNA-measured phSFRP1 as a predictive biomarker of standard palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic PDAC. This could facilitate personalized treatment of patients with metastatic PDAC.

The Green Walnut Husks Induces Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer through Regulating NLRC3/PI3K Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type of gastrointestinal tumor, but the available pharmacological treatment is insufficient. As a traditional Chinese medicine, the green walnut husks (QLY) exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of QLY extracts on CRC were not yet made known. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide efficient and low toxicity drugs for the treatment of CRC. The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-CRC effect and mechanism of QLY, providing preliminary data support for clinical research of QLY. METHODS: Western blotting, Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Transwell, MTT, Cell proliferation assay, and xenograft model were used to perform the research. RESULTS: In this study, the potential of QLY to inhibit the proliferation, migration invasion and induce apoptosis of the mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26 in vitro was identified. The xenograft tumor model of CRC noted that QLY suppressed tumor growth without sacrificing body weight in mice. In addition, QLY-induced apoptosis in tumor cells through NLRC3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was revealed. CONCLUSION: QLY regulates the levels of mTOR, Bcl-2 and Bax by affecting the NLRC3/PI3K/AKT pathway to promote apoptosis of tumor cells, suppressing cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and subsequently preventing the progression of colon cancer.

A Comparative Evaluation of Iliac Crest Cortical-Cancellous Bone Blocks Graft With and Without Concentrated Growth Factors (CGFs) in Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect and bone resorption of iliac crest cortical-cancellous bone block grafts combined with concentrated growth factor (CGF) compared with iliac crest cortical-cancellous bone block grafts only in secondary alveolar bone grafting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients (43 in the CGF group and 43 in the non-CGF group) with unilateral alveolar clefts were examined. Patients (17 in the CGF group and 17 in the non-CGF group) were randomly chosen for radiologic evaluation. Quantitative evaluation of the bone resorption rate was made with cone-beam computed tomography and Mimics 19.0 software at 1 week and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: The success rate of bone grafting was 95.3% and 79.1% in the CGF and non-CGF groups, respectively ( P =0.025). The mean bone resorption rate at 12 months postoperatively was 35.66±15.80% and 41.39±19.57% in the CGF and non-CGF groups, respectively ( P =0.355). The bone resorption patterns of the 2 groups were similar on the labial, alveolar process, and palatal sides, and there was no obvious bone resorption on the labial side in either group. Nasal side bone resorption in the CGF group was significantly less than that in the non-CGF group ( P =0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Cortical-cancellous bone block grafts reduce labial bone resorption, while CGF reduces nasal bone resorption and improves the success rate. The combination of bone block and CGF in secondary alveolar bone grafting is worthy of further clinical application.

Advances in Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Spinal Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Spinal diseases are commonly associated with pain and neurological symptoms, which negatively impact patients' quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous source of multiple growth factors and cytokines, with the potential to promote tissue regeneration. Recently, PRP has been widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, including spinal diseases, in clinics. Given the increasing popularity of PRP therapy, this article examines the current literature for basic research and emerging clinical applications of this therapy for treating spinal diseases. First, we review in vitro and in vivo studies, evaluating the potential of PRP in repairing intervertebral disc degeneration, promoting bone union in spinal fusion surgeries, and aiding in neurological recovery from spinal cord injury. Second, we address the clinical applications of PRP in treating degenerative spinal disease, including its analgesic effect on low back pain and radicular pain, as well as accelerating bone union during spinal fusion surgery. Basic research demonstrates the promising regenerative potential of PRP, and clinical studies have reported on the safety and efficacy of PRP therapy for treating several spinal diseases. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized controlled trials would be required to establish clinical evidence of PRP therapy.