Avaliação do risco de sarcopenia em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 / Assessment of the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Introdução: Diabéticos podem apresentar perda de força e massa muscular de forma acentuada. Assim, as triagens SARC-F e SARC-CALF são úteis na investigação do risco de sarcopenia. Objetivo: Associar o risco de sarcopenia em pacientes diabéticos com as variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, clínicas, antropométricas e de estilo de vida. Método: Estudo do tipo série de casos realizado com adultos diabéticos tipo 2, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 59 anos. A avaliação do risco de sarcopenia se deu pela aplicação dos questionários SARC-F e SARC-CALF. Para caracterização da amostra e associação com o risco de sarcopenia, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e econômicos, medidas antropométricas, condições clínicas e estilo de vida. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 69 pacientes, com média de idade de 53±7,5 anos e maior proporção de mulheres (63,8%; IC95%: 50,7-75,4). A frequência do risco positivo para sarcopenia segundo o SARC-F e o SARC-CALF foi de 43,48% e 46,38%, respectivamente. O SARC-F não mostrou associação significativa com as variáveis estudadas; já o SARC-CALF associou-se com índice de massa corporal (p <0,001), circunferência da cintura (p <0,001) e hábito de fumar (p = 0,027). Conclusão: O risco de sarcopenia foi observado em aproximadamente metade dos pacientes avaliados. O instrumento SARC-CALF apresentou associação com as variáveis antropométricas e o hábito de fumar, podendo ser considerado satisfatório para avaliar o risco de sarcopenia e intervir de forma precoce e efetiva.

Introduction: Individuals with diabetes often experience an accentuated loss of muscle mass and strength. Thus, the SARC-F and SARC-CALF screening tools are useful for the investigation of the risk of sarcopenia. Objective: Associate the risk of sarcopenia with sociodemographic, economic, clinical, anthropometric and lifestyle variables in individuals with diabetes. Methods: A case-series study was conducted involving male and female adults with type 2 diabetes between 20 and 59 years of age. The assessment of the risk of diabetes was performed using the SARC-F and SARC-CALF instruments. Data were collected on sociodemographic-economic variables, anthropometric measures, clinical conditions and lifestyle for the characterization of the sample and to test associations with the risk of sarcopenia. Results: The sample was composed of 69 patients, with a mean age of 53 ± 7.5 years and a predominance of women (63.8%; 95%CI: 50.7-75.4). The prevalence of risk of sarcopenia was 43.48% and 46.38% based on the SARC-F and SARC-CALF, respectively. Using the SARC-F, no significant associations were found with the variables of interest. Using the SARC-CALF, however, the risk of sarcopenia was associated with body mass index (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001) and smoking habit (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Approximately half of the individuals analyzed were at risk of sarcopenia. The SARC-CALF questionnaire was associated with anthropometric variables and the smoking habit and can be considered adequate for the assessment of the risk of sarcopenia, enabling early, effective interventions.

Fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e nutricionais no ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de hemodiálise / Factores socioeconómicos, clínicos y nutricionales en el aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de hemodiálisis / Socioeconomic, clinical and nutritional factors on interdialytic weight gain in haemodialysis users

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados ao ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de serviços de hemodiálise em uma Região Metropolitana do Brasil. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo 1.024 indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise no Brasil. O ganho de peso interdialítico foi avaliado pelo percentual de ganho de peso entre uma sessão de hemodiálise e outra. As variáveis incluídas na análise de regressão logística binária foram selecionadas considerando p< 0,10 no teste bivariado. Resultados Demonstramos que ter mais anos de estudo (OR=0,537;IC 95% = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) e sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95% = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) ou obesidade ( OR=0,387;IC 95% = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) reduziu as chances de os usuários apresentarem alto ganho de peso interdialítico. Usuários sem trabalho remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95% = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) e que não adotavam medidas para reduzir o sal (OR=1,694; IC 95% = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tiveram maiores chances de ganho de peso interdialítico. Conclusão Os resultados apontam para associação entre o aumento do ganho de peso interdialítico e a ausência de trabalho remunerado e a não adoção de medidas para reduzir a ingestão de sal na dieta. Portanto, o conhecimento sobre esses fatores associados pode ser uma alternativa importante para o direcionamento individualizado dessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados al aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de servicios de hemodiálisis en una región metropolitana de Brasil. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico transversal que incluyó 1.024 individuos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis en Brasil. El aumento de peso interdialítico se evaluó mediante el porcentaje de aumento de peso entre una sesión de hemodiálisis y otra. Las variables incluidas en el análisis de regresión logística binaria fueron seleccionadas considerando p< 0,10 en la prueba bivariada. Resultados Se demostró que tener más años de estudio (OR=0,537;IC 95 % = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) y sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95 % = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) u obesidad ( OR=0,387;IC 95 % = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) redujo las chances de que los usuarios presenten un elevado aumento de peso interdialítico. Usuarios sin trabajo remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95 % = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) y que no adoptaban medidas para reducir la sal (OR=1,694; IC 95 % = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tuvieron más chances de aumento de peso interdialítico. Conclusión Los resultados señalan una relación entre el aumento de peso interdialítico y la ausencia de trabajo remunerado y la no adopción de medidas para reducir la ingesta de sal en la dieta. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre estos factores asociados puede ser una alternativa importante para la orientación individualizada de esta población.

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with interdialytic weight gain in users of haemodialysis services in a metropolitan region of Brazil. Methods This is an cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,024 individuals with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis in Brazil. Interdialytic weight gain was evaluated by the percentage weight gain between one haemodialysis session and another. The variables included in the binary logistic regression analysis were selected by considering p< 0.10 in the bivariate test. Results We demonstrated that having more years of study (OR=0.537;CI 95% = 0.310-0.931; p=0.027) and be overweight (OR=0.661;CI 95% = 0.461-0.948; p=0.024) or obese (OR=0.387;CI 95% = 0.246-0.608; p=<0.001) reduced the chances of users having high interdialytic weight gain. Those who did not have paid work (OR=2.025;CI 95% = 1.218-3.365; p=0.007) and not adopting measures to reduce salt increased (OR=1.694;CI 95% = 1.085-2.645; p=0.020) increased the chances of interdialytic weight. Conclusion The results point to an association between the increase in interdialytic weight gain and the absence of paid work and the non-adoption of measures to reduce salt intake in the diet. Therefore, the need for knowledge about these associated factors can be an important alternative for the individual targeting of this population.

Thigh-hip ratio is significantly associated with all-cause mortality among Japanese community-dwelling men.

Anthropometric evaluation is a simple yet essential indicator of muscle and fat mass when studying life prognosis in aging. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of anthropometric measurements, independent of body mass index, to measures of all-cause mortality. We examined data for 1,704 participants from the 2014 Nomura Cohort Study who attended follow-ups for the subsequent eight years (follow-up rate: 93.0%). Of these, 765 were male (aged 69 ± 11 years) and 939 were female (aged 69 ± 9 years). The Japanese Basic Resident Registry provided data on adjusted relative hazards for all-cause mortality. The data were subjected to a Cox regression analysis, wherein the time variable was age and the risk factors were gender, age, anthropometric index, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, cardiovascular history, hypertension, lipid levels, diabetes, renal function, and serum uric acid. Of the total number of participants, 158 (9.3%) were confirmed to have died, and of these, 92 were male (12.0% of all male participants) and 66 were female (7.0% of all female participants). The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that a smaller thigh-hip ratio predicted eight-year all-cause mortality in male participants, but only baseline body mass index was associated with all-cause mortality in female participants. Thigh-hip ratio is a useful predictor of death in Japanese community-dwelling men.

Tracking de 10 anos da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física / 10-Year tracking of fitness and functional capacity of adult women practicing physical activity of physical activity

Contexto e objetivo: Diversos benefícios são advindos da prática da atividade física durante o envelhecimento, porém poucos são os achados que apresentem os dados ao longo do tempo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade das variáveis da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física em um período de 10 anos. Desenho e local: Estudo longitudinal com mulheres de São Caetano do Sul. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 157 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 86 anos (65,7 ± 6,7), analisadas em quatro intervalos de tempo: baseline, 6, 8 e 10 anos, todas praticantes de atividade física. A avaliação incluiu variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras e de capacidade funcional. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste t de Student, correlação de Spearman Rho e delta percentual. O nível de significância adotado foi de P < 0,01. Resultados: Os resultados apresentaram correlações de estabilidade alta e significante (rho = 0,64 a 0,87) nos três grupos nas variáveis índice de massa corporal, adiposidade, força de membros superiores, flexibilidade e agilidade. O acompanhamento de 6 a 10 anos evidenciou diferenças significantes de força de membros superiores, inferiores, agilidade e equilíbrio, sendo expressa pela redução da força de membros superiores de 8% a 13%, força de membros inferiores de 18% a 21%, agilidade de 18% a 19% e equilíbrio de 28% a 34%. Conclusão: Houve estabilidade das variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras, capacidade funcional e equilíbrio de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física, mesmo apresentando redução significativa nas variáveis citadas anteriormente.

Assessment of jugular bulb variability based on 3D surface models: quantitative measurements and surgical implications.

PURPOSE: High-riding jugular bulbs (JBs) among other anatomical variations can limit surgical access during lateral skull base surgery or middle ear surgery and must be carefully assessed preoperatively. We reconstruct 3D surface models to evaluate recent JB classification systems and assess the variability in the JB and surrounding structures. METHODS: 3D surface models were reconstructed from 46 temporal bones from computed tomography scans. Two independent raters visually assessed the height of the JB in the 3D models. Distances between the round window and the JB dome were measured to evaluate the spacing of this area. Additional distances between landmarks on surrounding structures were measured and statistically analyzed to describe the anatomical variability between and within subjects. RESULTS: The visual classification revealed that 30% of the specimens had no JB, 63% a low JB, and 7% a high-riding JB. The measured mean distance from the round window to the jugular bulb ranges between 3.22 ± 0.97 mm and 10.34 ± 1.41 mm. The distance measurement (error rate 5%) was more accurate than the visual classification (error rate 15%). The variability of the JB was higher than for the surrounding structures. No systematic laterality was found for any structure. CONCLUSION: Qualitative analysis in 3D models can contribute to a better spatial orientation in the lateral skull base and, thereby, have important implications during planning of middle ear and lateral skull base surgery.

Neck circumference and its association with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis / Circunferência do pescoço e sua associação com parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between neck circumference and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Western Bahia. For the data collection, anthropometric measures were taken and clinical and biochemical data were gathered from the patient records and employing a structured questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and the anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Results: A total of 119 patients were evaluated, of which 63.03% were men and 57.98% were aged between 35 and 59 years old. The mean neck circumference of the patients was 36.2±3.8 cm. A negative association was found between neck circumference and the female sex (p<0.001), while waist circumference (p<0.001), the body adiposity index (p=0.002), and pre-dialysis serum urea concentration (p=0.006) were positively associated with neck circumference. Conclusion: Neck circumference is inversely associated with the female sex and positively associated with a high waist circumference, body adiposity index, and serum urea concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre circunferência do pescoço e parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos em pacientes renais crônico sem hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise no Oeste da Bahia. Para a coleta de dados foram aferidas medidas antropométricas e dados clínicos e bioquímicos foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes e por meio de um questionário estruturado. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi aplicada para avaliar a relação entre a circunferência do pescoço e os parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 119 pacientes, sendo 63,03% homens e 57,98% com idade entre 35 e 59 anos. A média da circunferência do pescoço dos pacientes foi de 36,2±3,8 cm. Foi encontrada associação negativa entre a circunferência do pescoço e sexo feminino (p<0,001), enquanto a circunferência da cintura (p<0,001), o índice de adiposidade corporal (p=0,002) e a concentração sérica de ureia pré-diálise (p=0,006) foram positivamente associados à circunferência do pescoço. Conclusão: A circunferência do pescoço está inversamente associada ao sexo feminino e positivamente associada a uma circunferência abdominal elevada, índice de adiposidade corporal e concentração sérica de ureia em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.

Length-weight relationship: eight species of Cyprinidae from river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan / Relação peso-comprimento: oito espécies de Cyprinidae do rio Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão

Seven hundred and twenty four fish specimens were captured from March to September 2016. The materials used in the current study were cast nets, hand nets. Eight cyprinid fish species were studied for their length weight relationships. Parameter b in the LWR was 3.03, 3.06, 3.02, 2.29, 2.82, 3.43, 2.73 and 2.47 for Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax esocinus, Racoma labiata, Tor putitora, Barilius vagra, Garra gotyla, Puntius ticto and Arassius auratus respectively. Current study is the first attempt on the LWRs of cyprinid species, provide a baseline approach for conservation and /management of local fish fauna of economic importance.

Um total de 724 espécimes de peixes foi capturado de março a setembro de 2016. Os materiais usados no presente estudo foram redes de lançamento, redes de mão. Oito espécies de peixes ciprinídeos foram estudadas quanto às suas relações peso/comprimento. O parâmetro b no LWR foi 3,03, 3,06, 3,02, 2,29, 2,82, 3,43, 2,73 e 2,47 para Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax esocinus, Racoma labiata, Tor putitora, Barilius vagra, Garra gotyla, Puntius ticto e Arassius auratus respectivamente. O estudo atual é a primeira tentativa sobre os LWRs de espécies de ciprinídeos, fornecendo uma abordagem de base para a conservação e o manejo da ictiofauna local de importância econômica.

The effects of intuitive eating on body appreciation, body mass index, and nutritional behaviors in adults: a sample of Türkiye / Os efeitos da alimentação intuitiva na apreciação do corpo, índice de massa corporal e comportamentos nutricionais em adultos: uma amostra da Türkiye

ABSTRACT Objective Intuitive eating is an adaptive eating style that makes a strong connection with internal physiological manifestations of hunger and satiety. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intuitive eating on body appreciation, body mass index, and nutritional behaviors in adults. Methods Sample consisted of 497 individuals. Data were collected online. The questionnaire form included a general information and physical activity evaluation form, anthropometric measurements, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Body Appreciation Scale-2, and food frequency questionnaire. Results A statistically significant relationship was found between body mass index and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence subscale scores, and total scale score. There was a correlation between body appreciation and unconditional permission to eat, reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence subscale scores, and total scale score. The number of physically active intuitive eaters was significantly higher than non-intuitive eaters. A significant correlation was found between intuitive eating scores and frequency of consumption of fish, cake, biscuit, chocolate, granulated sugar, honey, jam, molasses, pastries and dairy-based desserts, sunflower oil, margarine, and sugary, carbonated drinks. Conclusion Intuitive eating can be an effective tool in sustaining and controlling weight loss, and with more studies, it may be possible to further spread this practice

RESUMO Objetivo A alimentação intuitiva é um estilo alimentar adaptativo que faz uma forte conexão com as manifestações fisiológicas internas de fome e saciedade. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da alimentação intuitiva na apreciação corporal, índice de massa corporal e comportamentos nutricionais em adultos. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 497 indivíduos. Os dados foram coletados online. O formulário do questionário incluiu um formulário de informações gerais e avaliação de atividade física, medidas antropométricas, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Body Appreciation Scale-2 e questionário de frequência alimentar. Resultados Uma relação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre o índice de massa corporal e a alimentação com base em razões fisiológicas em vez de razões emocionais, dependência de sinais de saciedade, pontuação da subescala de adequação da escolha do alimento corporal e pontuação total da escala. Houve uma correlação entre a apreciação do corpo e o consentimento incondicional para comer, confiança nos sinais de saciedade, pontuação da subescala de adequação da escolha do alimento corporal e pontuação total da escala. A quantidade de comedores intuitivos fisicamente ativos foi significativamente maior do que a dos comedores não intuitivos. Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o escore de alimentação intuitiva e a frequência de consumo de peixe, bolo, biscoito, chocolate, açúcar granulado, mel, geleia, melado, doces e sobremesas lácteas, óleo de girassol, margarina e refrigerantes açucarados. Conclusão A alimentação intuitiva pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz na sustentação e controle da perda de peso e, com mais estudos, pode ser possível disseminar mais essa prática.

Is calf circumference associated with clinical and nutritional outcome in older patients? / A circunferência da panturrilha está associada ao desfecho clínico e nutricional em pacientes idosos?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a relationship between calf circumference (CC) and outcomes in hospitalized patients. AIMS: To investigate the relationship between CC and clinical and nutritional outcomes in older in-patients (OiP) in a surgery ward. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 417 OiP in a surgery ward. Clinical variables, anthropometry, and nutritional screening instruments such as subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and nutritional risk screening (NRS) were used in the investigation. The tests Pearson's chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to review the factors associated with CC. RESULTS: Lower CC values were found in the age group 80 years and over (p<0.0001), presence of complications (p=0.0269), NRS (p<0.0001), SGA (p<0.0001), and MNA (p<0.0001). Gender (p=0.0011; partial R2=0.01151), age (p=0.0002; partial R2=0.06032), body mass index (p≤0.0001; partial R2=0.40820), and arm circumference (p≤0.0001; partial R2=0.11890) are variables that together were associated with CC. There was also a relationship between SGA (p=0.0166; partial R2=0.00605) and absence of complications during hospitalization (p=0.0047; R2=0.01154) with CC. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, age, body mass index, and arm circumference were jointly associated with CC, in addition to SGA and absence of complications. The CC is a relevant indicator for OiP in the clinical practice.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Estudos anteriores mostraram uma relação entre a circunferência da panturrilha (CP) e desfechos em pacientes hospitalizados. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a relação entre CP e desfecho clínico e nutricional em pacientes idosos hospitalizados (PIH) em uma enfermaria cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo transversal com 417 PIH em uma enfermaria de cirurgia. Variáveis clínicas, antropometria e instrumentos de triagem nutricional como avaliação subjetiva global (ASG), mini avaliação nutricional (MAN) e triagem de risco nutricional (NRS) foram utilizados na investigação. Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente de Spearman e análise de regressão linear múltipla foram usados para analisar os fatores associados a CP. RESULTADOS: Menores valores de CP foram encontrados na faixa etária de 80 anos (p<0,0001), complicações (p=0,0269), risco nutricional pelo NRS (p<0,0001), ASG (p<0,0001) e MAN (p<0,0001). Sexo (p=0,0011; R2 parcial=0,01151), idade (p=0,0002; R2 parcial=0,06032), IMC (p≤0,0001; R2 parcial=0,40820) e circunferência do braço (CB) (p≤0,0001; R2 parcial=0,11890) foram variáveis que juntas estiveram associadas com a CP. Também houve relação entre ASG (p=0,0166; R2 parcial=0,00605) e ausência de complicações durante a internação (p=0,0047; R2= 0,01154) com a CP. CONCLUSÕES: Sexo, idade, IMC e CB associaram-se conjuntamente com CP, ASG e ausência de complicações. CP é um indicador relevante em PIH na prática clínica.

Parasitosis intestinales y medidas antropométricas en preescolares del cantón de Portoviejo, Ecuador / Intestinal parasites and anthropometric measurements in preschoolers from the canton of Portoviejo, Ecuador

Las enteroparasitosis son un problema de salud pública a nivel global con mayor impacto en los países subdesarrollados asociadas a condiciones de vida inadecuadas. La población infantil es más suceptible para desarrollar sintomatología provocando cuadros disentéricos, vomitos, síndrome de mal absorción, lo que influye en deficiencia de nutrientes y vitaminas, como consecuencia retraso en el crecimiento, malnutrición, trastornos del desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, de corte transversal para estimar la prevalencia de parásitos instestinales y las diferencias en relación a las medidas antropométricas, en 283 escolares de la Capital de la provincia de Manabí. Las variables peso, talla parada, circunferencia de brazo izquierdo, pliegues de tríceps y subescapular, índice de masa corporal, área magra y área grasa fueron seleccionadas para establecer la relación. El coproparasitológico se realizó con el método directo (solución salina 0,9% y Lugol) y Kato Katz. Los resultados mostraron 62,54% de prevalencia, sin distingo de sexo, ni edad. Blastocytis spp., la especie más frecuente, confirmándose el comportamiento epidemiológico a nivel mundial a expensa de los protozoarios, con presencia de especies comensales (E. nana) relacionada con el fecalismo. A pesar de la alta prevalencia, no se observó diferencia significativa entre variables antropométricas analizadas en los escolares parasitados y no parasitados. Se infiere que es debido al tipo de especies y la intensidad de la infestación. Se recomienda realizar campañas de educación sanitaria y promover hábitos de higiene, así como dirigir investigaciones para determinar el papel epidemiológico del agua de consumo y las enteroparasitosis(AU)

Enteroparasitosis is a global public health problem with the greatest impact in underdeveloped countries associated with inadequate living conditions. The child population is more susceptible to developing symptoms causing dysentery, vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, which influences nutrient and vitamin deficiency, resulting in growth retardation, malnutrition, physical and cognitive development disorders. A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the differences in relation to anthropometric measurements, in 283 schoolchildren from the capital of the province of Manabí. The variables weight, standing height, left arm circumference, triceps and subscapular folds, body mass index, lean area, and fat area were selected to establish the relationship. Coproparasitology was performed with the direct method (saline solution 0.9% and Lugol) and Kato Katz. The results showed 62.54% prevalence, regardless of sex or age. Blastocytis spp., the most frequent species, confirming the epidemiological behavior worldwide at the expense of protozoa, with the presence of commensal species (E. nana) related to fecalism. Despite the high prevalence, no significant difference was observed between the anthropometric variables analyzed in parasitized and non-parasitized schoolchildren. It is inferred that it is due to the type of species and the intensity of the infestation. It is recommended to carry out health education campaigns and promote hygiene habits, as well as to conduct research to determine the epidemiological role of drinking water and enteroparasitosis(AU)

Consumo de alimentos, estado nutricional antropométrico, actividad física y motivaciones de vegetarianismo en adultos venezolanos / Food consumption, anthropometric nutritional status, physical activity and motivations for vegetarianism in Venezuelan adults

Introducción: las dietas vegetarianas o que evitan las carnes animales incluyen a las dietas ovolactovegetarianas, veganas, entre otras variantes basadas en plantas. Objetivo: caracterizar el consumo de alimentos, estado nutricional antropométrico, nivel de actividad física y las motivaciones en una muestra de adultos vegetarianos provenientes de los estados Distrito Capital, Yaracuy y Carabobo de Venezuela. Materiales y métodos: fueron evaluados 51 adultos, 23,5% veganos y 76,5% ovolactovegetarianos, con edades entre 18 y 65 años. Se realizó un recordatorio de ingesta de alimentos en 24 horas, se tomaron indicadores de dimensión (IMC y circunferencia de cintura) y composición corporal (área muscular y porcentaje de grasa), se aplicó el instrumento IPAQ largo de actividad física y se preguntó por la principal motivación para seguir estas dietas. Resultados: la dieta resultó deficitaria en calorías (60,8%), baja en carbohidratos (72,5%) y grasas (58,8%), y elevada en proteínas (43,1%) y fibra dietética (70,6%). El estado nutricional antropométrico de los individuos resultó en un peso adecuado (62,7%), muscularidad (51%) y grasa (68,6%) promedio, y riesgo bajo según circunferencia de cintura (86,3%). El nivel de actividad física que prevaleció fue representado por las categorías moderada e intensa con 39,2% cada una. La mayoría decidió seguir la dieta vegetariana por razones de salud 72,5%. Conclusiones: la mayoría del grupo de estudio, a pesar de tener una dieta desequilibrada (baja en carbohidratos y grasas, pero alta en proteínas y fibra), presentó el estado nutricional antropométrico y niveles de actividad física en rangos aceptables(UA)

Introduction: vegetarian diets are diets that avoid animal meat, it includes ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets, among other plant-based variants. Objective: to characterize food consumption, anthropometric nutritional assessment, physical activity level and motivations in a sample of vegetarian adults from the Capital District, Yaracuy and Carabobo states of Venezuela. Materials and methods: 51 adults were evaluated, 23.5% vegan and 76.5% ovo-lacto vegetarian, aged between 18 and 65 years. A 24-hour dietary recall was carried out, indicators of dimension (BMI and waist circumference) and body composition (muscle area and percentage of fat) were taken, the long IPAQ instrument of physical activity was applied and it was asked about the main motivation to follow these diets. Results: the diet was deficient in calories (60.8%), low in carbohydrates (72.5%) and fats (58.8%), and high in proteins (43.1%) and dietary fiber (70.6 %). The anthropometric nutritional assessment of the individuals resulted in an adequate weight (62.7%), average muscularity (51%) and fat (68.6%), and low risk according to waist circumference (86.3%). The level of physical activity that prevailed were the moderate and intense categories with 39.2% each. The majority decided to follow the vegetarian diet for health reasons 72.5%. Conclusions: the majority of the study group, despite having an unbalanced diet (low in carbohydrates and fats, but high in proteins and fiber), presented an anthropometric nutritional status and levels of physical activity within acceptable ranges(AU)

Perfil antropométrico de crianças ribeirinhas de 5 a 10 anos que vivem na ilha de Cotijuba - Pará / Perfil antropométrico de niños ribereños de 5 a 10 años -isla Cotijuba/Pará / Anthropometric profile of riverside childrenfrom 5 to 10 years -Cotijuba island/Pará

RESUMO O objetivo foi estudar o perfil antropométrico de crianças ribeirinhas de 5 a 10 anos que vivem na ilha de Cotijuba - Pará - Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa de campo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e características descritivas, composta por 60 crianças de 5 a 10 anos. Em relação à massa corporal, 5% do total da amostra estudada apresentou a maior massa corporal. Nos resultados obtidos a partir do Z-score, por faixa etária, todas as idades listadas na pesquisa tiveram classificação adequada. Em relação à altura, 5% apresentaram a maior estatura. Em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), 5% apresentaram maior massa corporal. Observou-se que as crianças ribeirinhas que participaram do estudo apresentam tendência a baixos índices de obesidade, e possuem um estilo de vida que favorece a prática de atividades físicas.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue estudiar el perfil antropométrico de niños ribereños de 5 a 10 años que viven en la isla de Cotijuba - Pará - Brasil. La metodología utilizada fue una investigación de campo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo y características descriptivas, conformada por 60 niños de 5 a 10 años. En relación a la masa corporal, el 5% del total de la muestra estudiada tuvo la mayor masa corporal. En los resultados obtenidos del Z-score, por grupo de edad, todas las edades enumeradas en la encuesta tenían una clasificación adecuada. En relación a la altura, el 5% tuvo la mayor altura. En cuanto al índice de masa corporal (IMC), el 5% tuvo mayor masa corporal. Se pudo observar que los niños ribereños que participaron del estudio tienen tendencia a bajos índices de obesidad, y tienen un estilo de vida que promueve la práctica de actividades físicas.

ABSTRACT The objective was to study the anthropometric profile of riverine children aged 5 to 10 years who live on the island of Cotijuba - Pará - Brazil. The methodology used was a cross-sectional field investigation with a quantitative approach and descriptive characteristics, made up of 60 children from 5 to 10 years old. Results: in relation to body mass, 5% of the total sample studied had the highest body mass. In the results obtained from the Z-score, by age group, all the ages listed in the survey had an adequate classification. In relation to height, it can be observed that 5% of the total sample studied had the highest height. Regarding the body mass index (BMI), it can be observed that 5% of the total sample studied had the highest body mass. Conclusion: It was observed that the riverine children who participated in the study have a tendency to low obesity rates, but the riverine children, according to the collection of this study, realized that they have a lifestyle that promotes the practice of physical activities.

Ethmoid roof morphometric measurements of a pediatric population using computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the anatomical relationships of the ethmoid roof on CT in pediatric case group. METHODS: We measured the depth of olfactory fossa (DOF), the width of olfactory fossa (WOF), the angle between lateral lamella and cribriform plate (LLCPA), the width of the olfactory cleft (WOC), the length of lateral lamella (LLL), orbital roof fovea to ethmoidal distance (ORFED) and orbital roof to cribriform plate distance (ORCPD) and we determined Keros and LLCPA types from paranasal sinus CT of subjects under 16 years of age retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of Keros type I was higher in females and Keros Type II in males. The ORCPD, DOF and LLL values were found to be higher in 13-16 years age group and WOF and LLCPA in 4-6 years age group. The prevalence of Keros type II was higher in the 13-16 age group, and Keros type I was higher in other age groups. LLCPA type A was the most frequent in all age groups and in both sexes. There was a positive correlation between age and ORCPD, DOF, LLL, and a negative correlation with ORFED, WOF, LLCPA. Olfactory fossa width and depth had a negative correlation. LLCPA had a positive correlation with WOF and a negative correlation with DOF. There was a positive correlation between LLCPA and LLL. DOF and LLL had a positive correlation too. CONCLUSIONS: Paranasal sinus CT provides useful information about frontal skull base anatomic relations before sinus surgery in pediatric cases.

Morphometric study of post menarcheal nulliparous breasts, their clinical relevance and relationship with body size indicators in a Nigerian population.

Background: The female breast is a symbol of femininity and aesthetics having a great psychosocial impact on the woman's sense of wellbeing and self-esteem. To optimize satisfaction of patients in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, there is a need to define the dominant breast size and shape that connotes feminine attractiveness. This necessitates the knowledge of ideal data for normal nulliparous female breast parameters and volume for various body sizes in the particular population, nationality, and race. Aim: To establish reference data for normal breast parameters and volumes for the various body sizes amongst the Nigerian population and to determine their relationships with other body parameters. Patients and Methods: A total of 528 breasts from 264 Nigerian undergraduate post-menarcheal nulliparous students of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus aged between 17 and 29 years were measured. Thirty-one (31) anthropomorphic parameters and five body size anthropometric indicators were measured. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21(IBM) and were summarized using various descriptive statistics tools. Results: The mean nipple-nipple distance is 23.37 ± 3.10. The mean left Midclavicle-nipple Length (22.17 ± 3.5 cm) is significantly (P = 0.04) higher than the right (21.79 ± 3.3 cm) just as the mean left (12.60 ± 2.5) medial radius is significantly (P = 0.0001) longer than the right (12.45 ± 2.4 cm). The mean left nipple projection (0.37 ±0.2 cm) and left vertical surface dimension (32.27 ± 5.7 cm) are significantly (P > 0.05) longer than the right (0.33 ±0.2) and (31.76 ± 5.2 cm). Also the mean volume for the left breast (605.26 ± 280.52 cm) is significantly (0.0001) higher than that of the right breast (592.53 ± 278.69). Breast volume correlated well with most of the breast parameters, BMI, and other anthropometric variables. Most breasts were ptotic (51%, 55%), especially the left breasts. Breast dimensions were asymmetrical in >50% of subjects, where the left breasts were seen to have slightly greater breast dimensions than right. Conclusion: Breast values and related body size parameters were noted to be comparatively higher than earlier reported values mostly for the Asian population.

Análisis de la curva ROC en la evaluación de indicadores antropométricos / Analysis of the ROC curve in the evaluation ofanthropometric indicators

Evaluación del Índice Peso-Circunferencia de Cintura (IPCC) mediante Regresión Logística. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, muestra 1095 adultos y adultos mayores, edad entre 20 y 96 años. Métodos: variables: edad, peso, talla, Circunferencia de Cintura (CC), IMC, Índice Cintura-Talla (ICT). Resultados: IMC similar en los dos sexos; promedios de CC e ICT mayor en grupo ≥ 65 años; IPCC mayor en grupo 20-59 años; porcentaje de riesgo del IPCC(54,1%) mayor en CC (44,7%) menor en ICT (78,2%). IPCC significativamente asociado al IMC, CC e ICT (p<0,000); valor predictivo positivo 0,92 y valor predictivo negativo 0,70, indican capacidad discriminativa; Riesgo Relativo, 1,92; el estadístico de prueba Wald indica significancia estadística para los coeficientes de ecuaciones de probabilidad de riesgo; área bajo la curva ROC es 0,803 y 0,903 (P<0,000), alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Conclusión: el IPCC puede considerarse para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos, dada su alta capacidad discriminativa(AU)

Evaluation of the Waist Weight-CircumferenceIndex (WWCI) using Logistic Regression. Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study shows 1095 adults andolder adults, aged between 20 and 96 years. Methods: variables: age, weight, size, Waist Circumference (WC), BMI, Waist-SizeIndex (WSI). Results: Similar BMI in both sexes; higher WCand WSI averages in a ≥ age of 65; major WWCI in group20-59 years; WWCI risk rate (54.1%) higher in WC (44.7%)WSI (78.2%). WWSI significantly associated with BMI, WCand WSI (p<0.000); positive predictive value 0.92 and negative predictive value 0.70, indicate discriminatory capacity; RelativeRisk, 1.92; Wald test statistic indicates statistical significance for the coefficients of risk probability equations; area under theROC curve is 0.803 and 0.903 (P<0.000), high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: WWCI can be considered to evaluate overweight and obesity in adults, given its high discriminatory capacity(AU)

Situación nutricional entre los percentiles ecuatorianos y la OMS en adolescentes del 12 años / Nutritional situation between ecuadorian and who percentile in 12-year-old adolescents

Se trata de la recopilación de información sobre estudios que reflejan la situación nutricional en Ecuador, y las comparaciones entre los percentiles ecuatorianos y los que sugiere la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Estudios refieren que este tipo de comparación difiere de las realidades de un país pues presenta diferente ubicación geográfica y por sus rasgos culturales, que difieren ancestralmente se presentan divergencias entre la alimentación, estilos de vida, bases socioeconómicas, rasgos antropométricos y otras variables que influyen y que han obligado a crear sus propios estándares de comparaciones. Objetivo: Describir la situación nutricional entre los percentiles ecuatorianos y la OMS en adolescentes de 12 años. Materiales y método: Es del tipo cualitativa, descriptiva, donde se recopila información relevante vinculada al descriptor en estudio, por eso la modalidad es tipo documental y descriptiva, transversal y observacional porque se le y observa información relevante de momento y se describe y señalan procedimientos como modelos para otras investigaciones. Resultados: Ecuador como país latinoamericano refleja una situación alimentaria y nutricional de amplio potencial productivo, de grandes oportunidades y capacidades socioeconómicas, necesarios para dar respuestas a las exigencias nutricionales de su población. Sin embargo, la información sobre el estado nutricional de la población infantil refleja el desarrollo del país, con una reducción significativa de la prevalencia de retardo de crecimiento, que prevalecen mucho más en grupos indígenas, por problemas sociales: mortalidad infantil, pobreza, indigencia y analfabetismo. Conclusiones: Estimar valores de desnutrición y sobrepeso a través de comparaciones por los percentiles internacionales (WHO) y los de Estados Unidos no reflejan la realidad de una población que difiere en todo con la de esos estándares comparativos. Por ello el esfuerzo de estudios por crear sus propios estándares nacionales es loable y muestra las realidades de una población(AU)

This is the collection of information on studies that reflect the nutritional situation in Ecuador, and comparisons between Ecuadorian percentiles and those suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Studies report that this type of comparison differs from the realities of a country because it has different geographical location and its cultural features, which differ ancestrally, there are divergences between food, lifestyles, socioeconomic bases, anthropometric traits and other variables that influence and that have forced to create their own standards of comparisons. Objective: To describe the nutritional situation between the Ecuadorian and WHO percentiles in 12-year-old adolescents Materials and methods: It is of the qualitative, descriptive type, where relevant information linked to the descriptor in study is collected, so the modality is documentary and descriptive, transversal and observational because relevant information is observed at the moment and procedures are described and indicated as models for another research. Results: Ecuador as a Latin American country reflects a food and nutritional situation with ample productive potential, great opportunities and socioeconomic capacities, necessary to respond to the nutritional demands of its population. However, information on the nutritional status of the child population reflects the development of the country, with a significant reduction in the prevalence of growth retardation, which is much more prevalent in indigenous groups, due to social problems: infant mortality, poverty, indigence and illiteracy. Conclusions: Estimating values of malnutrition and overweight through comparisons by the international percentiles (WHO) and those of the United States do not reflect the reality of a population that differs in everything with that of these comparative standards. That is why the effort of studies to create their own national standards is laudable and shows the realities of a population(AU)

Physical Fitness Test (PFT) in Police and Military in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Physical Fitness Tests (PFTs) are part of military routines and are usually administered to applicants for the Brazilian corps member, including the civil police. Objective To identify in the literature, scientific articles aimed at assessing physical fitness of police and military personnel in Brazil, using PFTs. Methods This was a systematic review, using the PRISMA systematization, using the following search keywords "police", "military", "physical fitness test" and " PFT", in English and Portuguese. The databases used were ScienceDirect, PubMed, BVS (Lilacs) and Scielo. Only original works performed with police and military personnel in Brazil were selected, through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results After the screening process, 11 articles were selected from a total of 1,487. Conclusions The data collected from the selected articles suggest that older age is related to a decrease in physical fitness, and better performance in the tests is related to a lower risk of comorbidities. Although high-intensity training improves physical fitness and anthropometric data, it is associated with injury rates; physically active lifestyle is associated with better flexibility.