Olhares e produções de saberes: narrativas da psicologia acerca das relações raciais / Gaze and knowledge production: psychology narratives about racial relations / Mirada y producción de saber: narrativas de la psicología sobre las relaciones raciales

Este artigo realiza um percurso histórico das narrativas teóricas construídas pelas elites intelectuais brancas brasileiras sobre as relações raciais no campo psicológico, bem como os efeitos desse processo no desenvolvimento da psicologia enquanto ciência e profissão. Como a maioria de profissionais da área é branca em um país cuja maioria da população é negra, torna-se cada vez mais urgente e necessário revisitar tanto as bases da psicologia acerca das relações raciais quanto o modo como essas relações se dão no cotidiano, com vistas a construir caminhos para pensar teoria e prática comprometidas com a igualdade racial. Nesse sentido, tecem-se considerações sobre as narrativas teóricas acerca das relações raciais no campo científico brasileiro, destacando o lugar da psicologia nesse percurso. Em seguida, discutem-se as relações entre as perspectivas da realidade social e das produções de saberes nesse campo. Ainda mais especificamente no campo da psicologia, evidenciam-se os paradigmas que orientaram os estudos sobre as relações raciais na área e, por fim, aponta-se um caminho possível para a construção de uma ciência psicológica compromissada com a igualdade racial.(AU)

This paper presents a historical overview of the theoretical narratives constructed by white Brazilian intellectual elites about race relations within psychology and its the effects on the development of Psychology as a science and a profession. As psychology professionals are white, whereas the majority of the population is black, it is increasingly urgent and necessary to revisit the foundations of psychology on everyday life racial relations, towards a theory and practice committed to racial equality. The text presents considerations on the theoretical narratives about race relations in the Brazilian scientific field, highlighting the role played by psychology. It then discusses the relations between social reality and knowledge production in this field. Regarding psychology specifically, it highlights the paradigms that guided studies on race relations in the field and proposes a possible way to develop a psychological science committed to racial equality.(AU)

Este trabajo realiza un recorrido histórico sobre las narrativas teóricas construidas por las élites intelectuales brasileñas blancas sobre las relaciones raciales en el campo de la Psicología, y los efectos de este proceso en el desarrollo de la psicología como ciencia y profesión. Como la mayoría de los profesionales en el área son blancos en un país donde la mayoría de la población es negra, es cada vez más urgente y necesario revisar los fundamentos de la psicología sobre las relaciones raciales, y cómo son estas relaciones en la vida cotidiana, para que podamos construir teoría y práctica comprometidas con la igualdad racial. Primero, se reflexionará sobre las narrativas teóricas de las relaciones raciales en este campo científico brasileño, destacando el lugar de la psicología en este camino. Luego, se discutirán las relaciones entre las perspectivas sobre la realidad social y la producción de conocimiento en este campo. Aún más específicamente en el campo de la psicología, se resaltarán los paradigmas que guiaron los estudios sobre las relaciones raciales en el área y, finalmente, se señalará un posible camino en la construcción de una ciencia psicológica comprometida con la igualdad racial.(AU)

The boundlessness of behavioral neuroscience: A look across 30 years.

It has been more than thirty years since the two inaugural IBNS presidents sat down at a larger neuroscience conference and decided that there should be more to behavioral neuroscience than a single theme at a meeting. The progeny of these conversations is the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society (IBNS) and this year will be its thirty year anniversary. We reflect back on the last thirty years of the research career of the society's second president, Paul R. Sanberg, as an example of how behavioral neuroscience research has changed these last few decades.

Overweight/obesity in college students: a systematic review / Excesso de peso/obesidade em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática / Sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática

This article aims to characterize the prevalence and the factors associated with overweight/obesity in college students, through a systematic review. For doing so, the PRISMA protocol has been utilized. Articles about overweight/obesity were selected in college students on the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science and Scopus, it was considered the publication period from 2014 to 2019. We found 4,740 articles and 28 met the eligibility criteria. The overweight/obesity prevalence in college students varied from 9.5% to 47.0%. The Odds Ratio was the most used association measure (comparison) in studies. As characteristics that favor overweight/obesity, inadequate diet, income, male gender, low level of physical activity and family history of overweight/obesity are mentioned. The factors associated with protection against overweight/obesity were a healthy diet, regular physical activity and screen time. Finally, this review showed that university students are prone to overweight/obesity, as they have behavioral factors related to inadequate diet, low level of physical activity, income, being male, and sociocultural and family aspects due to a history of overweight/obesity. In counterpart, this review argues that healthy diet and physical activity and reduced screen time represent a health maintenance factor against overweight/obesity.

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Para isso, foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA. Foram selecionados os artigos sobre sobrepeso/obesidade de universitários nas bases de dados da National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science e Scopus, considerou-se o período de publicação de 2014 a 2019. Dos 4.740 artigos encontrados, 28 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários variou de 9,5% a 47,0%. Dentre as medidas de associação (comparação), houve maior utilização do Odds Ratio. Como destaques os fatores associados com o sobrepeso/obesidade, cita-se a dieta inadequada, renda, sexo masculino, baixo nível de atividade física e o histórico familiar de sobrepeso/obesidade. Os fatores associados como proteção ao sobrepeso/obesidade foram a dieta saudável, prática regular de atividade física e o tempo de tela. Por fim, esta revisão mostrou que os universitários são propensos ao sobrepeso/obesidade, por apresentarem fatores comportamentais relacionados a dietas inadequadas, baixo nível de atividade física, renda, ser do sexo masculino e aspectos socioculturais e familiares em função de histórico de sobrepeso/obesidade. Em contrapartida, esta revisão sustenta que a dieta saudável e atividade física e a redução do tempo de tela representam um fator de manutenção da saúde contra o sobrepeso/obesidade.

Este artículo pretende caracterizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios, a través de una revisión sistemática. Para ello se ha utilizado el protocolo PRISMA. Se seleccionaron artículos sobre sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios en las bases de datos de la National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science y Scopus, se consideró el periodo de publicación de 2014 a 2019. Se encontraron 4.740 artículos y 28 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios varió del 9,5% al 47,0%. El Odds Ratio fue la medida de asociación (comparación) más utilizada en los estudios. Como características que favorecen el sobrepeso/obesidad se mencionan la dieta inadecuada, los ingresos, el sexo masculino, el bajo nivel de actividad física y los antecedentes familiares de sobrepeso/obesidad. Los factores asociados a la protección contra el sobrepeso/obesidad fueron la dieta saludable, la actividad física regular y el tiempo de pantalla. Por último, esta revisión mostró que los estudiantes universitarios son propensos al sobrepeso/obesidad, ya que tienen factores de comportamiento relacionados con la dieta inadecuada, el bajo nivel de actividad física, los ingresos, el hecho de ser varones y aspectos socioculturales y familiares debido a una historia de sobrepeso/obesidad. En contrapartida, esta revisión sostiene que la dieta y la actividad física saludables y la reducción del tiempo de pantalla representan un factor de mantenimiento de la salud contra el sobrepeso/obesidad.

Behavioral Research in Cancer Prevention and Control: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities.

It is estimated that behaviors such as poor diet, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, sedentary behavior, and excessive ultraviolet exposure account for nearly one-half of all cancer morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the behavioral, social, and communication sciences have been important contributors to cancer prevention and control research, with methodological advances and implementation science helping to produce optimally effective interventions. To sustain these contributions, it is vital to adapt to the contemporary context. Efforts must consider ancillary effects of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, profound changes in the information environment and public understanding of and trust in science, renewed attention to structural racism and social determinants of health, and the rapidly increasing population of cancer survivors. Within this context, it is essential to accelerate reductions in tobacco use across all population subgroups; consider new models of energy balance (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior); increase awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer; and identify better communication practices in the context of cancer-related decisions such as screening and genetic testing. Successful integration of behavioral research and cancer prevention depends on working globally and seamlessly across disciplines, taking a multilevel approach where possible. Methodological and analytic approaches should be emphasized in research training programs and should use new and underused data sources and technologies. As the leadership core of the National Cancer Institute's Behavioral Research Program, we reflect on these challenges and opportunities and consider implications for the next phase of behavioral research in cancer prevention and control.

Behavioural oncology research in Africa: Lessons from the last two decades and key considerations moving forward.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the state of behavioural oncology research in Africa and outline key considerations for future research. METHODS: Five bibliographic databases were searched to identify original English-language articles published between January 2000 and August 2020. The Behavioural Epidemiology Framework was applied to studies with data/findings from Africa to delineate their current state. Research gaps/opportunities available for behavioural oncology research in Africa were further highlighted. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-seven original research with findings from Africa has been published over the last two decades, with the highest contribution arising from Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia and South Africa. Cervical and breast cancers were the most widely investigated. Prominently studied behaviours relate to cancer screening, health literacy, lifestyle, and vaccination. Behavioural oncology literature in Africa is generally in Phases I and III and lacks in measurement studies (<2%) and studies that seek to evaluate behaviour change/health promotion interventions (<6%) or translate them into practice (13.2%). CONCLUSION: Embracing new and progressive approaches, including methodological/analytical paradigms and implementation science is imperative to advance the frontiers of behavioural oncology research in Africa. This calls for a responsive research approach that can mobilise multidisciplinary/multilevel coalitions, ensuring a research structure that effectively integrates behavioural research and cancer prevention/control in the region.

Behavioral characterization of ayahuasca treatment on Wistar rats in the open field test

Abstract Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychedelic beverage with therapeutic potential for many mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are some preclinical studies, no published reports have tested the behavioral effects of AYA gavage in animal models. This investigation aimed to characterize the behavior of Wistar rats after acute ingestion of AYA for 40 min in the open field test (OFT). The sample consisted of three experimental groups treated with different dosages of AYA (125, 250, or 500 mg kg-1) and a control group. Each group consisted of 10 participants. After gavage, the number of crossings of the OFT grid lines, latency to enter the central area of the device, grooming frequency, and time spent in the central perimeter of the device were immediately evaluated. Analyses were based on one-way ANOVA and a linear-regression mixture model for longitudinal data. AYA intake did not interfere with habituation. The 500 mg kg-1 group showed a decrease in the time spent in the center of the device and in the number of crossings compared to the control group in the last 10 min. These results suggest that gavage with AYA did not interfere with the results, and the behavioral effects were perceived only between 30 and 40 min after gavage. Taken together, the results indicate that three aspects should be considered in OFT studies of AYA acute effects: the moment when the observation starts, the observation period, and the AYA dosage.

Behavioral medicine, cancer control, and NCI: reflections on a fruitful past and auspicious future.

Cancer prevention and control has benefited substantially from behavioral medicine research over the last several decades. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, ably led by Barbara Rimer and then Bob Croyle since being established in 1997, has been a primary supporter of this research. NCI has made significant investments in many of the topics featured in this special section and will continue to do so. These include research on basic behavioral processes such as affect as well as optimal approaches to health communication. A key and enduring focus has been the support of behavioral interventions, particularly for tobacco, diet, physical activity, and sun exposure. The success of such interventions will be amplified to the extent that they leverage novel research designs, emerging digital technologies, evidence gleaned from the burgeoning field of implementation science, and lessons learned from greater attention to the impact of health disparities and inequities. Moreover, as the cancer survivor population continues to grow given the rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic science, it will be even more essential to devote attention to understanding and addressing the health care and other needs of survivors such as cognitive dysfunction and financial toxicity. The field of behavioral medicine should be both applauded for its many contributions to reducing the cancer burden and encouraged to continue developing new research ideas in these critical areas.

Equivalência de estímulos e ensino de leitura características dos participantes de estudos empíricos brasileiros de 2008 a 2017 / Stimulus equivalence and reading teaching: characteristics of the participants of Brazilian empirical studies from 2008 to 2017 / Equivalencia de estímulos y enseñanza de lectura: características de los participantes de estudios empíricos brasileños de 2008 a 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever as características dos participantes de estudos empíricos que tratam da equivalência de estímulos e ensino de leitura, entre os anos de 2008 a 2017. Foram analisados artigos completos localizados nas bases de dados Periódicos CAPES e PEPSIC, por meio de busca combinada de descritores de equivalência de estímulos e leitura, selecionados a partir de estudos anteriores. Localizaram-se nas bases de dados dezenove artigos que compuseram o estudo. Observou-se que a escola é o local em que mais ocorreram estudos, realizados em sua maioria com crianças de desenvolvimento típico, não leitoras, com faixa etária predominante de seis a sete anos. Sobre o nível de escolaridade dos participantes pode-se identificar que a maioria se encontrava no ensino fundamental, com destaque aos 2° e 3° anos; além disso, foi identificado um estudo com alunos do Ensino Médio. Chama-se atenção à multiplicidade de característica dos participantes (deficiência auditiva, física, intelectual), característica esta vista como positiva e necessária de acordo com os pesquisadores. Sugere-se para estudos futuros ampliação da busca em outros bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, além da descrição dos procedimentos adotados e resultados obtidos nos diferentes públicos. (AU)

This paper describes the characteristics of the participants of empirical studies dealing with the stimulus equivalence and reading teaching between the years 2008 and 2017. Scientific papers from CAPES and PEPSIC periodical database were analyzed through a combined search of stimulus equivalence and reading descriptors, selected from previous studies. Nineteen articles that composed the study in the databases. It was observed that the school is the place where most studies took place, mostly with children of typical development, non-readers, ranging from six to seven years. Regarding the educational level of the participants, the majority was in elementary school, mainly on the 2nd and 3rd years; and also a high school. It is important to highlight the multiplicity of the participants (hearing and physical impairment and intellectual disability), which is a trend understood as positive and necessary to the researchers. It is suggested, for future studies, to expand the search to national and international databases, besides the description of the adopted procedures and results obtained with different subjects. (AU)

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir las características de los participantes de estudios empíricos que tratan de la equivalencia de estímulos y enseñanza de lectura entre los años 2008 y 2017. Se analizaron artículos completos, de las bases de datos "Periódicos CAPES" y "PEPSIC", por medio de la búsqueda combinada de descriptores de equivalencia de estímulos y lectura, seleccionados a partir de estudios anteriores. Se localizaron, en las bases de datos, diecinueve artículos que compusieron el estudio. Se observó que la escuela es el lugar en que más ocurrieron estudios, realizados en su mayoría con niños de desarrollo típico, no lectores, con rango de edad predominante entre los seis y siete años. Sobre el nivel de escolaridad de los participantes, se puede identificar que la mayoría se encontraba en la enseñanza fundamental, con destaque a los 2° y 3° años; además, se identifico un estudio con alumnos de la enseñanza media. Se destaca la multiplicidad de característica de los participantes (discapacidad auditiva, física, intelectual), que es una tendencia comprendida como positiva y necesaria a los ojos de los investigadores. Se sugiere, para estudios futuros, ampliación de la búsqueda en otros bancos de datos nacionales e internacionales, además de la descripción de los procedimientos adoptados y resultados obtenidos en los diferentes públicos. (AU)

The experimental method in Public Administration: lessons from replication in Psychology / O método experimental na Administração Pública: algumas lições das replicações na Psicologia

Abstract In recent years, an increasing number of studies adopting the experimental method have appeared in Public Administration journals. It has been argued that the advantage of experiments in behavioral sciences is that researchers can control contextual factors while investigating the effect of manipulations on a variable of interest. Another point is that experiments can be replicated and, thus, increase confidence in research results. However, replications are rarely undertaken, especially in the behavioral sciences. This article examines the results of the "Open Science Reproducibility Project: Psychology," which replicated 100 experiments previously published in leading Psychology journals. Based on the findings of this project, we present seven recommendations to Public Administration scholars that can improve the quality of their experiments.

Resumen En los últimos años, han aparecido en revistas de Administración Pública un número creciente de estudios que adoptan el método experimental. Se ha argumentado que la ventaja de los experimentos en las ciencias del comportamiento es que permiten a los investigadores controlar los factores contextuales mientras investigan el efecto de las manipulaciones en una variable de interés. Otro argumento es que los experimentos se pueden reproducir y, por tanto, aumentar la confianza en los resultados de la investigación. Sin embargo, las repeticiones rara vez se realizan, especialmente en las ciencias del comportamiento. En este artículo examinamos los resultados del Open Science Reproducibility Project: Psychology, que repitió 100 experimentos publicados anteriormente en las principales revistas de Psicología. Con base en los hallazgos de este proyecto, presentamos siete recomendaciones a los académicos del área de Administración Pública que pueden mejorar la calidad de sus experimentos.

Resumo: Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de estudos adotando o método experimental tem surgido em periódicos de Administração Pública. Tem-se argumentado que a vantagem dos experimentos nas ciências comportamentais é que este permite aos pesquisadores controlar os fatores contextuais enquanto investigam o efeito das manipulações em uma variável de interesse. Outro argumento é que os experimentos podem ser replicados e, assim, aumentar a confiança nos resultados da pesquisa. No entanto, replicações raramente são realizadas, especialmente nas ciências comportamentais. Neste artigo, examinamos os resultados do Open Science Reproducibility Project: Psychology, que replicou 100 experimentos publicados anteriormente nas principais revistas de Psicologia. Com base nas conclusões deste projeto, apresentamos sete recomendações a acadêmicos da área de Administração Pública que podem melhorar a qualidade de seus experimentos.

Identifying stress-related eating in behavioural research: A review.

Stress is a commonly reported precipitant of overeating. Understanding the relationship between stress and food intake is important, particularly in view of the increasing prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this review is to examine how stress-related eating has been defined and measured in the literature to date. There are no established diagnostic criteria or gold standards for quantification of stress-related eating. Questionnaires relying on the accuracy of self-report are the mainstay of identifying people who tend to eat in response to stress and emotions. There is a paucity of clinical research linking objective measurements of stress and appetite with self-reported eating behaviour. Limitations of the methodological approaches used and the heterogeneity between studies leave significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of stress related eating, and how best to identify it. These issues are discussed, and areas for further research are explored.

Can Behavioral Research Improve Transplant Decision-Making? A Mock Offer Study on the Role of Kidney Procurement Biopsies.

Background: The use of procurement biopsies for assessing kidney quality has been implicated as a driver of the nearly 20% kidney discard rate in the United States. Yet in some contexts, biopsies may boost clinical confidence, enabling acceptance of kidneys that would otherwise be discarded. We leveraged a novel organ offer simulation platform to conduct a controlled experiment isolating biopsy effects on offer acceptance decisions. Methods: Between November 26 and December 14, 2018, 41 kidney transplant surgeons and 27 transplant nephrologists each received the same 20 hypothetical kidney offers using a crossover design with weekend "washout" periods. Mini-study 1 included four, low serum creatinine (<1.5 mg/dl) donor offers with arguably "poor" biopsy findings that were based on real offers that were accepted with successful 3-year recipient outcome. For each of the four offers, two experimental variants-no biopsy and "good" biopsy-were also sent. Mini-study 2 included four AKI offers with no biopsy, each having an offer variant with "good" biopsy findings. Results: Among low serum creatinine donor offers, we found approximately threefold higher odds of acceptance when arguably poor biopsy findings were hidden or replaced with good biopsy findings. Among AKI donor offers, we found nearly fourfold higher odds of acceptance with good biopsy findings compared with no biopsy. Biopsy information had profound but variable effects on decision making: more participants appeared to have been influenced by biopsies to rule out, versus rule in, transplantable kidneys. Conclusions: The current use of biopsies in the United States appears skewed toward inducing kidney discard. Several areas for improvement, including reducing variation in offer acceptance decisions and more accurate interpretation of findings, have the potential to make better use of scarce, donated organs. Offer simulation studies are a viable research tool for understanding decision making and identifying ways to improve the transplant system.

Conhecimento, comportamento e práticas em saúde do homem em relação ao câncer de próstata / Knowledge, behaviour and health practices of men concerning the prostate cancer / Conocimiento, comportamiento y práctica en salud del hombre en relación con cáncer de próstata

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento, o comportamento e as práticas em relação ao câncer de próstata em adultos. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado com 130 homens. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2015, por meio do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Resultados: Embora relatem conhecimento sobre o câncer, 30% realizam a dosagem do Antígeno Prostático Específico e 17,6% o exame de toque retal anualmente. A maioria percebe a susceptibilidade e a severidade do câncer e acredita que é capaz de fazer algo por si mesmo, beneficiando-se com esses cuidados. Quanto às barreiras, 16,9% apresentaram comportamento não preventivo. Conclusão: O medo da dor, a vergonha e a falta de coragem para realizar o exame constituem barreiras a esses indivíduos. A equipe de saúde deve oportunizar abordagens considerando esses aspectos, utilizando estratégias que ampliem o acesso dos homens ao serviço de saúde e estimulem a prática do autocuidado

Objective: The study's purpose has benn to describe the knowledge, behavior and health practices regarding the prostate cancer in adults. Methods: It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which had 130 participating men. Data collection took place from March to April 2015, using the Health Belief Model. Results: Although they report having knowledge about cancer, only 30% had done the prostate-specific antigen dosage and 17.6% the rectal examination annually. Most comprehend the susceptibility and severity of this cancer, and believe that they are capable of doing something for themselves and benefiting from such care. Regarding the barriers, 16.9% had non-preventive behavior. Conclusion: Fear of pain, shame, and lack of courage to take the exam are barriers to these individuals. The health team should opportunistically approach these aspects by using strategies that increase men's access to health care and encourage self-care practices

Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento, el comportamiento y las prácticas en relación al cáncer de próstata en adultos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, realizado con 130 hombres. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre marzo a abril de 2015, a través del Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Resultados: Aunque reportan conocimiento sobre el cáncer, el 30% realiza la dosificación del Antígeno Prostático y el 17,6% el examen de tacto anual. La mayoría percibe la susceptibilidad y la severidad del cáncer y cree que es capaz de hacer algo por sí mismo y beneficiarse con esos cuidados. En cuanto a las barreras, el 16,9% presentó comportamiento no preventivo. Conclusión: El miedo al dolor, la vergüenza y la falta de coraje para realizar el examen constituyen barreras a esos individuos. El equipo de salud debe oportunizar enfoques considerando estos aspectos, utilizando estrategias que amplíen el acceso al servicio de salud y estimulen la práctica del autocuidado

Online panels in social science research: Expanding sampling methods beyond Mechanical Turk.

Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is widely used by behavioral scientists to recruit research participants. MTurk offers advantages over traditional student subject pools, but it also has important limitations. In particular, the MTurk population is small and potentially overused, and some groups of interest to behavioral scientists are underrepresented and difficult to recruit. Here we examined whether online research panels can avoid these limitations. Specifically, we compared sample composition, data quality (measured by effect sizes, internal reliability, and attention checks), and the non-naivete of participants recruited from MTurk and Prime Panels-an aggregate of online research panels. Prime Panels participants were more diverse in age, family composition, religiosity, education, and political attitudes. Prime Panels participants also reported less exposure to classic protocols and produced larger effect sizes, but only after screening out several participants who failed a screening task. We conclude that online research panels offer a unique opportunity for research, yet one with some important trade-offs.

Conducting reproductive research during a new childhood cancer diagnosis: ethical considerations and impact on participants.

PURPOSE: Research among adults shows benefits and low perceived burden of engaging in behavioral research. However, questions remain regarding the ethics of conducting behavioral research in pediatric populations during sensitive situations, including during a new life-threatening diagnosis or at end-of-life. We examined reactions to participating in a behavioral reproductive research study among male adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer and their parents, as a step towards optimizing fertility preservation utilization in a population where future infertility is common. METHODS: Pediatric literature regarding the ethics of behavioral research was reviewed. In our pilot, forty-four participants (19 mothers, 11 fathers, 14 male adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer) from 20 families completed demographic questionnaires and a fertility preservation decision tool developed by the study team. Qualitative interviews exploring the impact of study participation were subsequently conducted. Verbatim transcripts were coded for thematic content using the constant comparison method. RESULTS: Literature review showed positive reactions to research participation among youth/caregivers. In our pilot study, 89% (n = 17) of mothers, 64% (n = 7) of fathers, and 71% (n = 10) of adolescents reported at least one benefit of participating. Eleven percent (n = 2) of mothers, 36% (n = 4) of fathers, and 29% (n = 4) of adolescents said they were not affected; none of the participants reported a negative effect. CONCLUSION: Consistent with prior literature, our study suggests behavioral reproductive research prior to cancer treatment can offer direct benefits to participants and society, without increasing burden. These findings will inform future interventions to improve long-term psychosocial and reproductive outcomes for youth with cancer.

Recruitment, Engagement, and Retention of Fathers in Nutrition Education and Obesity Research.

This article provides a perspective about recruiting, engaging, and retaining fathers in research and programming related to nutrition education and childhood obesity prevention. Recent research emphasizes the importance of fathers in childhood obesity prevention, and although father-friendly approaches can emulate other underserved populations, some researchers have acknowledged that differences may exist. Family sciences- related and nutritional sciences-related literature is summarized to provide guidance for nutrition and obesity scholars. Best practices may vary by the type of study and father characteristics; and the venues, content, structure, timing, and approach of research and interventions may need to be tailored for fathers.

Neguinho e Kika: (re)significações audiovisuais / Neguinho e Kika": audiovisual meanings / Neguinho e Kika: (re)significación audiovisual

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo a análise de um filme de curta metragem Neguinho e Kika. O filme conta a história de Neguinho, um jovem trabalhador do tráfico de drogas, que vive um amor em meio aos dramas da vida. Para pensar o filme e as relações estéticas a partir da obra, tomamos como interlocutor o filósofo Jacques Rancière. A análise foi orientada pelo paradigma indiciário, método de investigação que se atenta aos detalhes das narrativas, cenários e atuações. As cenas escolhidas para análise têm em comum a presença de instituições que, de certa maneira, (des)ordenam a vida na comunidade: o estado, a família e o tráfico. Compreendemos, a partir de nossa análise, que o filme mostra sua potência nas relações que estabelece, além do que é visível e dizível, no fazer sentir e pensar para além do que o autor nos apresenta (AU).

This article presents the results of a research whose objective was to analyze a short movie Neguinho and Kika. The movie tells the story of Neguinho, a young drug dealer who lives a love affair in the midst of life dramas. To think about the movie and its aesthetic relations, we took the philosopher Jacques Rancière as an interlocutor. The analysis was driven by the indiciary paradigm, an investigation method that attains to the details of the narratives, set design and performances. The scenes chosen for analysis have in common the presence of institutions that, in a certain way, (dis) order the life in the community: the state, the family and the drug traffic. We understood, from our analysis, that the movie shows its power through the relationships that it builds, beyond what is visible and sayable, in making us feel and think beyond what the author presents us (AU).

El presente estudio presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo el análisis de la película de cortometraje Neguinho y Kika. La película narra la historia de Neguinho, un joven trabajador del narcotráfico, que vive un amor en medio a las tragedias de la vida. Para pensar la película y las relaciones estéticas desde la obra, tomamos como interlocutor el filósofo Jacques Rancière. El análisis se orientó por el paradigma indiciario, método de investigación que atenta a todos los detalles de las narrativas, escenarios y actuaciones. Las cenas elegidas para el análisis tienen en común la presencia de instituciones que en cierto modo (des)ordenaron la vida en la comunidad: el estado, la familia y el narcotráfico. Entendemos, a partir de nuestro análisis, que la película demuestra su potencia en las relaciones que establece, más allá de lo que es visible y de lo que puede decirse, en el hacer experimentar y pensar más allá de lo que el autor nos presenta (AU).

Customer discovery as a tool for moving behavioral interventions into the marketplace: insights from the NCI SPRINT program.

The National Cancer Institute established a dissemination and implementation accelerator program called Speeding Research-tested INTerventions (SPRINT) in order to expedite the translation of behavioral research into practice. The goal of SPRINT is to introduce researchers to a new method for moving their research into practice in order to increase the real-world impact of their evidence-based interventions. The goal of this article is to present case studies on three teams that have completed the SPRINT program to date. Each case study provides a description of the intervention the team came into the program with, the team's motivation for participating in the SPRINT program, the team's experience in the program, lessons learned from "customer discovery" interviews conducted by the team during the course, and the team's future plans for their intervention. The case studies suggest that by focusing on behavioral researchers, SPRINT addresses an unmet need in the commercialization training space; that the definition of "success" can vary across SPRINT projects; that identifying and engaging "payors" for behavioral interventions is an ongoing challenge; and that there are potential "misalignments" between the research process and market demands. Overall, these examples show that customer discovery is a potentially useful method for making interventions more responsive to the needs of stakeholders, and that researchers can benefit from learning the "language" of business and working with individuals who have business experience before trying to move their research from the lab to the real world.

Uplifting Fear Appeals: Considering the Role of Hope in Fear-Based Persuasive Messages.

Fear appeal research has focused, understandably, on fear as the primary emotion motivating attitude and behavior change. However, while the threat component of fear appeals associates with fear responses, a fear appeals' efficacy component likely associates with a different emotional experience: hope. Drawing from appraisal theories of emotion in particular, this article theorizes about the role of hope in fear appeals, testing hypotheses with two existing data sets collected within the context of sun safety messages. In both studies, significant interactions between hope and self-efficacy emerged to predict behavioral intentions. Notable main effects for hope also emerged, though with less consistency. Further, these effects persisted despite controlling for the four cognitions typically considered central to fear appeal effectiveness. These results, consistent across two samples, support the claim that feelings of hope in response to fear appeals contribute to their persuasive success. Implications for developing a recursive model of fear appeal processing are discussed.

Validation of a brief behavioral economic assessment of demand among cigarette smokers.

Basic and clinical addiction research use demand measures and analysis extensively to characterize drug use motivations. Hence, obtaining an accurate and brief measurement of demand that can be easily utilized in different settings is highly valued. In the current study, 2 versions of a breakpoint measure, designed to capture cigarette demand, were investigated in 119 smokers who were recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform. The first version determines the maximum price a smoker is willing to pay for one cigarette received right now when paid out of pocket, and the second determines the maximum price when paid using a hypothetical $100 gift card received for free. The breakpoint measures were administered along with the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), and The Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-brief). Both single-item breakpoint versions were significantly correlated with CPT-derived demand measures loaded on the persistence factor (i.e., elasticity of demand, breakpoint, Pmax, and Omax), but not with those loaded on the amplitude factor (i.e., intensity of demand). In addition, both single-item measures were associated with metrics of tobacco dependence (e.g., FTCD, QSU) with effect sizes that are similar to the ones found between CPT-derived breakpoint and those same metrics. These findings suggest that the single-item breakpoint measure is a viable method for measuring demand that may provide a useful and efficient tool to capture crucial and distinct aspects of smoking. In addition, the breakpoint measures may help increase the utility of behavioral demand measures in novel research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).