Interaction Between Chronic Endometritis Caused Endometrial Microbiota Disorder and Endometrial Immune Environment Change in Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Objective: To investigate the Interaction between chronic endometritis (CE) caused endometrial microbiota disorder and endometrial immune environment change in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Method: Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the endometrial of 112 patients was preform by using High-Throughput Sequencing. The endometrial microbiota of 43 patients was analyzed by using 16s rRNA sequencing technology. Result: In host endometrium, CD4 T cell and macrophage exhibited significant differences abundance between CE and non-CE patients. The enrichment analysis indicated differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in immune-related functional terms. Phyllobacterium and Sphingomonas were significantly high infiltration in CE patients, and active in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and/or fat metabolism. The increased synthesis of lipopolysaccharide, an important immunomodulator, was the result of microbial disorders in the endometrium. Conclusion: The composition of endometrial microorganisms in CE and non-CE patients were significantly different. Phyllobacterium and Sphingomonas mainly regulated immune cells by interfering with the process of carbohydrate metabolism and/or fat metabolism in the endometrium. CE endometrial microorganisms might regulate Th17 response and the ratio of Th1 to Th17 through lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Pseudaminobacter granuli sp. nov., isolated from granules used in a wastewater treatment plant.

A Gram negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as Gr-2T was isolated from granules used in a wastewater treatment plant in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain Gr-2T grew at 18-37°C (optimum temperature, 30°C) and a pH of 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH, 7.0) on R2A agar medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, the novel strain showed a new branch within the genus Pseudaminobacter of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, and formed clusters with Pseudaminobacter defluvii THI 051T (98.9%) and Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans BN12T (98.7%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6%. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major fatty acids were cyclo-C19:0 ω8c, C18:1 ω7c, and iso-C17:0. The overall polar lipid patterns of Gr-2T were similar to those determined for the other Pseudaminobacter species. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain Gr-2T and its closest phylogenetically neighbors were below 18%. Strain Gr-2T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Pseudaminobacter. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudaminobacter granuli sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain Gr-2T (=KACC 18877T =LMG 29567T).

Hoeflea halophila sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from marine sediment of the East Sea, Korea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, straight or curved rod-shaped marine bacterium was isolated from marine sediment of the East Sea, Korea. The isolated strain, JG120-1(T), grows with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl and at 15-30 °C and pH 6-9. α-galactosidase activity test was positive. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that this strain belonged to the Alphaproteobacteria and was the most closely related to Hoeflea alexandrii AM1 V30(T), Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43(T) and Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (98.9, 97.9 and 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). Strain JG120-1(T) was found to possess summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c, 71.11 %) as the major cellular fatty acid. The major ubiquinone was determined to be Q-10. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain JG120-1(T) was determined to be 57.8 mol %. DNA-DNA relatedness data indicated that strain JG120-1(T) represents a distinct species that is separate from H. phototrophica DFL-43(T), H. marina LMG128(T) and H. alexandrii AM1 V30(T). On the basis of polyphasic evidences, it is proposed that strain JG120-1(T) (= KCTC 23107(T) = JCM 16715(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species, Hoeflea halophila sp. nov.

The ethylene pathway contributes to root hair elongation induced by the beneficial bacteria Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196.

In Arabidopsis roots, some epidermal cells differentiate into root hair cells. Auxin regulates root hair positioning, while ethylene controls cell elongation. Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196, a beneficial strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the roots of field-grown oilseed rape, stimulates root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We investigated the role of ethylene in the response of root hair cells to STM196 inoculation. While we could not detect a significant increase in ethylene biosynthesis, we could detect a slight activation of the ethylene signalling pathway. Consistent with this, an exhaustive survey of the root hair elongation response of mutants and transgenic lines affected in the ethylene pathway showed contrasting root hair sensitivities to STM196. We propose that local ethylene emission contributes to STM196-induceed root hair elongation.