RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pneumopericardium is a rare air leak syndrome caused by the abnormal presence of air in the pericardial sac, with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. It is clinically divided into nontension and tension pneumopericardium, with the latter resulting in a decreased cardiac output and circulatory failure. There are limited data regarding nontraumatic pneumopericardium in nonventilated pediatric patients. Therefore, we aimed to describe a case of tension pneumopericardium and review the available literature. METHODS: Case report and literature review of nontraumatic pneumopericardium in nonventilated pediatric patients. RESULTS: A 2-month-old infant developed cardiac tamponade secondary to tension pneumopericardium 11 days after cardiac surgery promptly resolved with pericardium drainage. We reviewed the literature on this topic and retrieved 50 cases, of which 72% were nontension whereas a minority were tension pneumopericardium (28%). Patients with tension pneumopericardium were mostly neonates (35.7% vs 22.2%), presented with an isolated air leak (64.3% vs 36.1%), and had a history of surgery (28.6% vs 8.3%) or hematological disease (28.6% vs 11.1%). In all nontension cases, treatment was conservative, whilst in all other cases, pericardiocentesis/pericardium drainage was carried out. There was a high survival rate (86.0%), which was lower in patients with tension pneumopericardium (71.4% vs 91.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumopericardium is a rare condition with a higher mortality rate in patients with tension pneumopericardium, which requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. In nonventilated patients, tension pneumopericardium occurred more frequently in neonates, as an isolated air leak, and in those with a history of surgery or hematological disease.
Assuntos
Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Drenagem/métodos , Pneumopericárdio , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Tamponamento Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Tamponamento Cardíaco/mortalidade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico , Pneumopericárdio/mortalidade , Respiração Artificial , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasAssuntos
Fístula Brônquica/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico , Fístula Brônquica/complicações , Fístula Brônquica/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dispneia/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pericárdio/patologia , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Thoracic endometriosis is a rare entity characterized by presence of endometrial tissue in pleura, lung parenchyma or airways. Most frequent manifestations are catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis and pulmonary nodules. We report here a rare case of a woman with thoracic endometriosis who developed iterative pneumothorax and pneumopericardium on bilateral bullous pulmonary dystrophy. She was a 37-year-old woman without any tobacco exposure and with previous history of pleural tuberculosis treated 5 years earlier. She was first referred to our centre for right pleuro-pneumothorax and hemorrhagic ascites. Pleural fluid examinations did not show any tuberculosis relapse, the evolution was favorable after thoracic drainage and there was no parenchymal lung abnormality on CT scan after surgery. Celioscopic peritoneal examination revealed stage IV peritoneal endometriosis. One year later, she was admitted for left catamenial pneumothorax. Thoracic CT scan showed apparition of large subpleural bulla. She underwent thoracotomy for bulla resection and left partial pleurectomy. Two years later, she was hospitalized for right pneumothorax and compressive pneumopericardium. Surgical lung biopsies confirmed pleuropulmonary endometriosis. Thoracotomy was performed for talcage pleurodesis and diaphragmatic leakages sutures. Lung bulla are rare in thoracic endometriosis, mechanism of their formation remains unknown. Pericardial involvement is rare in endometriosis; we report here a unique case of pneumopericardium.
Assuntos
Endometriose/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumotórax/complicações , Adulto , Endometriose/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/cirurgia , Pneumopatias/complicações , Pneumopatias/cirurgia , Pleura/patologia , Pleura/cirurgia , Doenças Pleurais/complicações , Doenças Pleurais/cirurgia , Pleurodese/métodos , Pneumopericárdio/cirurgia , Pneumotórax/cirurgia , Toracotomia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Artefatos , Tamponamento Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Tamponamento Cardíaco/complicações , Dor no Peito/etiologia , Tosse/etiologia , Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardiocentese , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Radiografia , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/diagnósticoRESUMO
A 76-year-old man was transferred to our institution with blunt chest trauma after falling off a roof. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed left pneumothorax and pneumopericardium but no displacement of the heart into the hemithorax. These findings suggested traumatic pericardial rupture without cardiac herniation. After chest drainage, a follow-up CT scan demonstrated no pericardial or pleural air. At thoracotomy, we observed that the pericardium was torn and that the heart was exposed. The tear was repaired with direct sutures. This case report highlights the importance of reviewing the initial CT scan.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/prevenção & controle , Hérnia/prevenção & controle , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Torácica , Idoso , Traumatismos Cardíacos/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pericárdio/lesões , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Colonoscopy is a generally safe test whose use is rapidly increasing; complications are unusual and the accepted rate of perforation after diagnostic colonoscopy is between 1 in 800-1500 cases. Colonoscopic perforation may not be recognised at the time and the patient may present to a variety of medical practitioners after discharge from hospital. The presentation is usually with abdominal pain. We report an unusual presentation of colonoscopic perforation in which the patient attended the Emergency Department complaining of a painful neck.
Assuntos
Colo/lesões , Colonoscopia/efeitos adversos , Perfuração Intestinal/complicações , Perfuração Intestinal/etiologia , Cervicalgia/etiologia , Pneumopericárdio/etiologia , Enfisema/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , RadiografiaRESUMO
An unusual case is presented of a tourist who developed fatal cerebral air embolism, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium while ascending from low altitude to Europe's highest railway station. Presumably the air embolism originated from rupture of the unsuspected bronchogenic cyst as a result of pressure changes during the ascent. Cerebral air embolism has been observed during surgery, in scuba diving accidents, submarine escapes and less frequently during exposure to very high altitude. People with known bronchogenic cysts should be informed about the risk of cerebral air embolism and surgical removal should be considered. Cerebral air embolism is a rare cause of coma and stroke in all activities with rapid air pressure changes, including alpine tourism, as our unfortunate tourist illustrates.
Assuntos
Cisto Broncogênico/complicações , Embolia Aérea/etiologia , Embolia Intracraniana/etiologia , Altitude , Cisto Broncogênico/diagnóstico por imagem , Coma/etiologia , Embolia Aérea/diagnóstico por imagem , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Embolia Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Enfisema Mediastínico/complicações , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , ViagemRESUMO
Massive subcutaneous emphysema (SE), pneumomediastinum (PM), and pneumopericardium (PP) are rare conditions in the pediatric population. Air leak syndrome is a constellation of disorders that include SE, PM, PP, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In children, SE, PM, and PP are associated with obstructive airway disease most often in the case of asthma. Management may be conservative or involve invasive procedures that require surgical intervention. Here, we describe a case of massive SE, PM, and PP in a 10-year-old child after placement of a peripherally inserted central line and review the literature.
Assuntos
Enfisema Mediastínico/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Enfisema Subcutâneo/complicações , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Criança , Progressão da Doença , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Mediastínico/terapia , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopericárdio/terapia , Radiografia Torácica , Doenças Raras , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Subcutâneo/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Esophagopericardial fistula (EPF) is an uncommon complication of esophageal disease. Although, the esophagus is in direct contact with the pericardium in the lower thoracic vertebrae level, EPF is still rare. Recorded causes of EPF include ingested foreign bodies such as fish bone, benign ulceration in association with hiatus hernia, esophageal carcinoma, and achalasia. Congenital EPF occurs even less but with a high ratio of mortality and misdiagnosis. We present a case of PEF in a 1-year-old boy. It is unique in that the patient was a very young child which is rarely reported in literature and the main cause factor seemed to be repeated vomiting since birth. However, he had a good outcome with surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Fístula Esofágica/complicações , Fístula/complicações , Pericardite/etiologia , Pericárdio , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Fístula Esofágica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Esofágica/cirurgia , Fístula/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pericardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopericárdio/cirurgia , Toracotomia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/terapia , Pneumopericárdio/terapia , Diálise Renal , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Uremia/terapia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Uremia/complicações , Uremia/diagnósticoAssuntos
Hérnia Diafragmática/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Evolução Fatal , Hérnia Diafragmática/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Derrame Pericárdico/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
In 1997, a 53-year-old male smoker was admitted for progressive shortness of breath associated with a productive cough and yellowish sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and low-grade fever. There was no history of trauma. A posterior-anterior chest radiograph showed a diffuse infiltrate through the right lung field and an air space parallel to the lateral border of the heart. A computed tomographic scan of the chest confirmed pneumopericardium, with no associated pericardial effusion. It also showed a cavitary infiltrate in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe, but no definite neoplasm. Cultures of the sputum grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient had positive antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. A bronchial biopsy from the right lower lobe showed well differentiated infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma with an acute inflammatory exudate. No bronchopericardial fistula was noted. After antibiotic treatment, a repeat chest radiograph showed resolution of pneumopericardium and improvement of the chest infiltrate. Repeat computed tomography of the chest showed that the pneumopericardium had resolved, but now revealed a large pericardial effusion. No bronchopericardial fistula could be demonstrated. Unfortunately, our patient refused further investigation. Pneumopericardium is a rare disorder. In adults, pneumopericardium most commonly results from trauma. Although many other reports link pneumopericardium to an underlying disease process, our patient with HIV antibodies developed pneumopericardium despite having no history of trauma and no documentation of a communicating fistula. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of pneumopericardium in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Escarro/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea. Chest radiography showed interstitial shadows in the upper lobe. The pathological diagnosis of lung biopsy specimens obtained from upper and middle lobes by video-assisted thoracoscopy was non-specific interstitial pneumonia, group 2. Administration of glucocorticoids improved the symptoms, the chest radiography findings, and the serum KL-6 level. This patient may belong to the new category of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, though he exhibited several features of idiopathic pulmonary upper lobe fibrosis originally described by Amitani et al.
Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Transtornos Psicóticos , Transtornos Puerperais , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicações , Adulto , Tamponamento Cardíaco/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/cirurgia , Lesão Pulmonar , Pneumopericárdio/cirurgia , Gravidez , Reoperação , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirurgiaRESUMO
The coexistence of pneumothorax and pneumopericardium in patients with primary lung cancer is a very rare phenomenon. We report one such case, in which squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was complicated by pneumopericardium and pneumothorax. Several explanations of the mechanisms involved will be discussed.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumotórax/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumotórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Se presentan dos pacientes que consultaron a nuestra institución por dolor pericardial luego de gran consumo de de cocaína inhalada. En ambos casos se descartó infarto agudo de miocardio; por los métodos convencionales y ecocardiografía se documentó neumoparicardio y neumomediastino.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Enfisema Mediastínico/complicações , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico , Enfisema Mediastínico/epidemiologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/etiologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/fisiopatologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/mortalidade , Enfisema Mediastínico/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema Mediastínico/terapia , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico , Pneumopericárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopericárdio/epidemiologia , Pneumopericárdio/etiologia , Pneumopericárdio/fisiopatologia , Pneumopericárdio/terapiaAssuntos
Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Pneumopericárdio/complicações , Carcinoma Broncogênico/complicações , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumopericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia TorácicaRESUMO
Pneumopericardium resulting in cardiac tamponade may be caused by a variety of phenomena. The onset of cardiac tamponade can indicate the presence of a rare underlying condition. As a rare complication of mechanical ventilation and PEEP, our patient experienced pneumopericardium that resulted in cardiac tamponade. Perhaps the most crucial therapy of all is astute critical care nursing assessment of patients at risk of developing the life-threatening complication of cardiac tamponade. All critical care nurses should know the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. Through accurate data collection, frequent monitoring, and immediate referral to the critical care team for medical diagnosis and treatment, a patient's death can be prevented.