RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescence is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. The chronic inflammation associated with MetS can be attenuated by the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols. We aimed to evaluate total urinary polyphenols as a biomarker of anti-inflammatory diets and their effect on MetS in adolescents. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis of a longitudinal cohort study, the relationship between total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in urine, the inflammatory potential of the diet measured through the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), and the presence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated. The study population consisted of adolescents enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial, who had completed all the study forms and provided urine samples at baseline and at the two-year follow-up. Multivariate linear regression and multinominal logistic regression models were generated to evaluate the relationship of changes in TPE with changes in the C-DII score and changes in MetS status, respectively. An analysis of the ROC curve was performed to assess the potential of TPE as a biomarker of an anti-inflammatory diet. RESULTS: This study included 662 adolescents, 51.2% were males, and 48.8% were females, with a mean age of 12 (0.38) years at baseline. The relationship between changes in TPE and changes in the C-DII score was stratified by sex with a p-value <0.001 for the interaction. TPE and C-DII were inversely associated in males (-0.13 mg GAE/g creatinine [-0.26; -0.01] per 1-SD increase, p-value = 0.037). In addition, an increase in changes in TPE levels were associated with a reversal in MetS status in all adolescents (1.30 [1.27; 1.34] per 1-SD increase, p-value<0.001). The ROC curve showed that urinary TPE levels can predict dietary inflammatory potential with an AUC = 0.793 (0.725; 0.863) in males. CONCLUSION: Polyphenols excreted in urine are a potential biomarker of anti-inflammatory diets in males and are associated with a reversal of MetS status in adolescents. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03504059, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03504059.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Dieta , Síndrome Metabólica , Polifenóis , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/urina , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/urina , Síndrome Metabólica/urina , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dieta/métodos , Inflamação/urina , Criança , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The present study attempted for the first time to investigate the metabolic fate of (poly)phenolic compounds provided by a hull-less and purple grain barley genotype biofortified in anthocyanins. Balb/c mice were supplemented either with standard purified diet (SD) or whole-grain barley supplemented diet (WGB) for six weeks. Subsequently, (poly)phenolic metabolites were determined in urine samples by UPLC-MS/MS, and the principal metabolic pathways were elucidated. Thirty-nine (poly)phenolics compounds were identified in WGB which were distributed between the free (58%) and bound (42%) fractions, encompassing anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavones. Upon WGB intake, forty-two (poly)phenolic metabolites were identified, predominantly comprising phase-II sulphate, glucuronide, and/or methylated conjugates, along with colonic catabolites. Noteworthy metabolites included peonidin-3-O-glucuronide, peonidin-3-O-6''-O-malonylglucoside, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside among anthocyanins; hydroxyphenylpropanoic acid-O-sulphate among phenolic acids; and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-O-sulphate among flavan-3-ols. Metabolites like phenylpropionic, phenylacetic, hydroxybenzoic, and hippuric acids were found in both WGB and SD groups, with higher levels after barley consumption, indicating both endogenous and polyphenolic metabolism origins. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the metabolism of (poly)phenols in purple barley, setting the stage for future investigations into the health benefits linked to the consumption of purple grain barley.
Assuntos
Hordeum , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Hordeum/química , Hordeum/metabolismo , Animais , Camundongos , Masculino , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antocianinas/urina , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Polifenóis/urina , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/urina , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/urinaRESUMO
Grape and grape derived products contain many bioactive phenolics which have a variety of impacts on health. Following oral ingestion, the phenolic compounds and their metabolites may be detectable in human urine. However, developing a reliable method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in urine is challenging. In this work, we developed and validated a new high-throughput, sensitive and reproducible analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of 31 grape phenolic compounds and metabolites using Oasis PRiME HLB cleanup for sample preparation combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Using this new method, the accuracy achieved was 69.3 % â¼ 134.9 % (except for six compounds), and the recovery achieved was 52.4 % â¼ 134.7 % (except for two very polar compounds). For each of the 31 target analytes, the value of intra-day precision was less than 14.3 %. The value of inter-day precision was slightly higher than intra-day precision, with a range of 0.7 % â¼ 19.1 %. We report for the first time on the effect of gender and BMI on the accuracy and recovery of human urine samples, and results from analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated there was no difference in the value of accuracy and recovery between different gender or BMI (>30) using our purposed cleanup and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method. Overall, this newly developed method could serve as a powerful tool for analyzing grape phenolic compounds and metabolites in human urine samples.
Assuntos
Polifenóis , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vitis , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Vitis/química , Polifenóis/urina , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Masculino , Feminino , Modelos Lineares , Limite de Detecção , Adulto , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodosRESUMO
The objective assessment of habitual (poly)phenol-rich diets in nutritional epidemiology studies remains challenging. This study developed and evaluated the metabolic signature of a (poly)phenol-rich dietary score (PPS) using a targeted metabolomics method comprising 105 representative (poly)phenol metabolites, analyzed in 24 h of urine samples collected from healthy volunteers. The metabolites that were significantly associated with PPS after adjusting for energy intake were selected to establish a metabolic signature using a combination of linear regression followed by ridge regression to estimate penalized weights for each metabolite. A metabolic signature comprising 51 metabolites was significantly associated with adherence to PPS in 24 h urine samples, as well as with (poly)phenol intake estimated from food frequency questionnaires and diaries. Internal and external data sets were used for validation, and plasma, spot urine, and 24 h urine samples were compared. The metabolic signature proposed here has the potential to accurately reflect adherence to (poly)phenol-rich diets, and may be used as an objective tool for the assessment of (poly)phenol intake.
Assuntos
Dieta , Polifenóis , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Polifenóis/urina , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Metabolômica , Padrões DietéticosRESUMO
Background: Estimating (poly)phenol intake is challenging due to inadequate dietary assessment tools and limited food content data. Currently, a priori diet scores to characterise (poly)phenol-rich diets are lacking. This study aimed to develop a novel (poly)phenol-rich diet score (PPS) and explore its relationship with circulating (poly)phenol metabolites. Methods: A total of 543 healthy free-living participants aged 18-80 years completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (EPIC-Norfolk) and provided 24 h urine samples. The PPS was developed based on the relative intake (quintiles) of 20 selected (poly)phenol-rich food items abundant in the UK diet, including tea, coffee, red wine, whole grains, chocolate and cocoa products, berries, apples and juice, pears, grapes, plums, citrus fruits and juice, potatoes and carrots, onions, peppers, garlic, green vegetables, pulses, soy and soy products, nuts, and olive oil. Foods included in the PPS were chosen based on their (poly)phenol content, main sources of (poly)phenols, and consumption frequencies in the UK population. Associations between the PPS and urinary phenolic metabolites were investigated using linear models adjusting energy intake and multiple testing (FDR adjusted p < 0.05). Result: The total PPS ranged from 25 to 88, with a mean score of 54. A total of 51 individual urinary metabolites were significantly associated with the PPS, including 39 phenolic acids, 5 flavonoids, 3 lignans, 2 resveratrol and 2 other (poly)phenol metabolites. The total (poly)phenol intake derived from FFQs also showed a positive association with PPS (stdBeta 0.32, 95% CI (0.24, 0.40), p < 0.01). Significant positive associations were observed in 24 of 27 classes and subclasses of estimated (poly)phenol intake and PPS, with stdBeta values ranging from 0.12 (0.04, 0.20) for theaflavins/thearubigins to 0.43 (0.34, 0.51) for flavonols (p < 0.01). Conclusion: High adherence to the PPS diet is associated with (poly)phenol intake and urinary biomarkers, indicating the utility of the PPS to characterise diets rich in (poly)phenols at a population level.
Assuntos
Fenol , Polifenóis , Humanos , Polifenóis/urina , Fenóis , Dieta , Frutas , AntioxidantesRESUMO
The practitioner's dilemma in metabolite assignment can be described as follows: for compound and metabolite identification, strict guidelines should be followed using authentic standards only, or uncertainties in structure assignment of compounds with the certainty of consequential errors should be accepted. These uncertainties arise due to limitation of software and databases in combination with the complexity of the human body fluid samples.
Assuntos
Polifenóis , Software , Humanos , Polifenóis/urina , Espectrometria de Massas , Bases de Dados Factuais , MetabolômicaRESUMO
Untargeted liquid chromatographic-high-resolution mass spectrometric (LC-HRMS) metabolomics for potential exposure marker (PEM) discovery in nutrikinetic studies generates complex outputs. The correct selection of statistically significant PEMs is a crucial analytical step for understanding nutrition-health interactions. Hence, in this paper, different chemometric selection workflows for PEM discovery, using multivariate or univariate parametric or non-parametric data analyses, were comparatively tested and evaluated. The PEM selection protocols were applied to a small-sample-size untargeted LC-HRMS study of a longitudinal set of serum samples from 20 volunteers after a single intake of (poly)phenolic-rich Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium corymbosum supplements. The non-parametric Games-Howell test identified a restricted group of significant features, thus minimizing the risk of false-positive retention. Among the forty-seven PEMs exhibiting a statistically significant postprandial kinetics, twelve were successfully annotated as purine pathway metabolites, benzoic and benzodiol metabolites, indole alkaloids, and organic and fatty acids, and five (i.e. octahydro-methyl-ß-carboline-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-methyl-ß-carboline-dicarboxylic acid, citric acid, caprylic acid, and azelaic acid) were associated to Vaccinium berry consumption for the first time. The analysis of the area under the curve of the longitudinal dataset highlighted thirteen statistically significant PEMs discriminating the two interventions, including four intra-intervention relevant metabolites (i.e. abscisic acid glucuronide, catechol sulphate, methyl-catechol sulphate, and α-hydroxy-hippuric acid). Principal component analysis and sample classification through linear discriminant analysis performed on PEM maximum intensity confirmed the discriminating role of these PEMs.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Metabolômica/métodos , Vaccinium/química , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants to defend themselves from environmental stressors. We explored the effect of Wolffia globosa 'Mankai', a novel cultivated strain of a polyphenol-rich aquatic plant, on the metabolomic-gut clinical axis in vitro, in-vivo and in a clinical trial. METHODS: We used mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics methods from three laboratories to detect Mankai phenolic metabolites and examined predicted functional pathways in a Mankai artificial-gut bioreactor. Plasma and urine polyphenols were assessed among the 294 DIRECT-PLUS 18-month trial participants, comparing the effect of a polyphenol-rich green-Mediterranean diet (+1240 mg/polyphenols/day, provided by Mankai, green tea and walnuts) to a walnuts-enriched (+440 mg/polyphenols/day) Mediterranean diet and a healthy controlled diet. RESULTS: Approximately 200 different phenolic compounds were specifically detected in the Mankai plant. The Mankai-supplemented bioreactor artificial gut displayed a significantly higher relative-abundance of 16S-rRNA bacterial gene sequences encoding for enzymes involved in phenolic compound degradation. In humans, several Mankai-related plasma and urine polyphenols were differentially elevated in the green Mediterranean group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05) after six and 18 months of intervention (e.g., urine hydroxy-phenyl-acetic-acid and urolithin-A; plasma Naringenin and 2,5-diOH-benzoic-acid). Specific polyphenols, such as urolithin-A and 4-ethylphenol, were directly involved with clinical weight-related changes. CONCLUSIONS: The Mankai new plant is rich in various unique potent polyphenols, potentially affecting the metabolomic-gut-clinical axis.
Assuntos
Araceae/metabolismo , Araceae/microbiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolômica/métodos , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Adulto , Humanos , Israel , Juglans/metabolismo , Juglans/microbiologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Valor Nutritivo , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Chá/metabolismo , Chá/microbiologiaRESUMO
The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with an augmented prevalence of metabolic diseases, namely, obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, nowadays, it is broadly accepted that foods and beverages rich in (poly)phenols could contribute to reducing the incidence of these pathologies. In this sense, the objective of the work was to revalue second quality citrus fruits for the development of new beverages, rich in anthocyanins and flavanones (maqui berry and second qualities citrus-based), and evaluate the influence of alternative sweeteners (sucralose, sucrose, or stevia), regarding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds in the frame of a chronic (longitudinal) intervention. To fulfill this objective, a longitudinal study of the urinary excretion of anthocyanins and flavanones, after 2-months of ingestion of the developed maqui-citrus beverage, by 138 volunteers (n = 46 per beverage) and the analysis of the resulting phenolic metabolites by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS) was carried out. As major results, the bioavailable metabolites of caffeic acid (CA), catechol (CAT), 3,4-di-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), eriodictyol (E), homoeriodictyol (HE), hippuric acid (HA), naringenin (N), trans-ferulic acid (TFA), 2,4,6-tri-hydroxybenzaldehyde (THBA), trans-isoferulic acid (TIFA), and vanillic acid (VA) were detected. Accordingly, significantly different bioavailability was dependent on the sweetener used, allowing proposing stevia and, to a lower extent, sucralose, as valuable alternatives to sucrose.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/urina , Citrus/química , Flavanonas/urina , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Sobrepeso/urina , Adulto , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Flavanonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Polifenóis/urina , Espanha , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Many studies have associated the consumption of (poly)phenol-rich diets with health benefits. However, accurate high-throughput quantitative methods for estimating exposure covering a broad spectrum of (poly)phenols are lacking. We have developed and validated a high-throughput method for the simultaneous quantification of 119 (poly)phenol metabolites in plasma and urine using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, with a very fast sample treatment and a single run time of 16 min. This method is highly sensitive, precise, accurate, and shows good linearity for all compounds (R2 > 0.992). This novel method will allow a quantitative assessment of habitual (poly)phenol intake in large epidemiological studies as well as clinical studies investigating the health benefits of dietary (poly)phenols.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Metabolômica/métodos , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Humanos , Plasma/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Urina/químicaRESUMO
Pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation of polyphenolic metabolites over 24 h was conducted in human subjects (n = 13, BMI = 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2) after acute mango pulp (MP), vitamin C (VC) or MP + VC test beverage intake and after 14 days of MP beverage intake. Plasma and urine samples were collected at different time intervals and analyzed using targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) of gallotannin metabolites were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after acute MP beverage intake compared to VC beverage alone. MP + VC beverage non-significantly enhanced the Cmax of gallic acid metabolites compared to MP beverage alone. Pyrogallol (microbial-derived metabolite) derivatives increased (3.6%) after the 14 days of MP beverage intake compared to 24 h acute MP beverage intake (p < 0.05). These results indicate extensive absorption and breakdown of gallotannins to galloyl and other (poly)phenolic metabolites after MP consumption, suggesting modulation and/or acclimation of gut microbiota to daily MP intake.
Assuntos
Mangifera , Metabolômica , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Humanos , Mangifera/metabolismo , Metabolômica/métodos , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Análise de Componente Principal , Análise EspectralRESUMO
Urinary polyphenol metabolites are potential biomarkers of dietary polyphenol intake. The current study aims to evaluate associations between total diet, vegetable and fruit polyphenol intakes with urinary polyphenol metabolite concentrations in a sample of adults prescribed a diet rich in vegetables and fruit. Thirty-four participants completed a 10-week pre-post study. Participants were asked to consume Australian recommended daily vegetable and fruit serves and attend measurement sessions at baseline and at weeks 2 and 10. Two 24-h diet recalls were collected at each time-point and polyphenol intakes were calculated using the Phenol-Explorer database. Spot urine samples, collected at each time-point, were analyzed for 15 polyphenol metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Spearman's correlation analyzes assessed the strength of relationships between urinary and dietary polyphenols. Linear mixed models were used to investigate relationships between polyphenol excretion and intake. Total urinary polyphenols were significantly correlated with total polyphenol intakes at week 10 (rs = 0.47) and fruit polyphenols at week 2 (rs = 0.38). Hippuric acid was significantly correlated with vegetable polyphenols at baseline (rs = 0.39). Relationships were identified between individual polyphenol metabolites and vegetable and fruit polyphenols. Linear mixed model analyzes identified that for every 1 mg increase in polyphenol intakes, urinary polyphenol excretion increased by 16.3 nmol/g creatinine. Although the majority of relationships were not sufficiently strong or consistent at different time-points, promising relationships were observed between total urinary polyphenols and total polyphenol intakes, and hippuric acid and vegetable polyphenols.
Assuntos
Dieta , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Austrália , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Frutas/química , Hipuratos/urina , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Verduras/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Vascular dysfunction and injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress are closely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary polyphenols are reported to exert beneficial effects in reducing the risk of CVD. Black soybean has been used as a nutritionally rich food and contains abundant polyphenols in its seed coat and grain. Black soybean has many beneficial physiological activities, and its prevention effects on CVD risk were reported mainly in animal experiments. In this study, we performed a randomized, single blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effect of black soybean consumption on the vascular function in healthy humans. Twenty-two healthy adults aged from 30 to 60 completed the four week trial with daily consumption of about a 40 g test material cookie containing 20 g roasted black soybean powder. Body composition, vascular function, biomarkers for oxidative stress, and polyphenol contents in the urine and the plasma were measured. After ingestion of the black soybean cookie, vascular function, which was evaluated by plethysmogram using a Pulse Analyzer®, was improved and systolic blood pressure was decreased. Moreover, nitric oxide levels in plasma and urine were increased, while an oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level, in the plasma was decreased accompanied by an increase in the concentration of polyphenols derived from black soybean in plasma and urine. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of black soybean polyphenols and an increase in the nitric oxide level may contribute to the improvement of vascular function. Thus, black soybean is an attractive food material for improvement of vascular function through decreasing oxidative stress by its potent antioxidant activity and increasing the nitric oxide level in healthy humans.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycine max , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Óxido Nítrico/urina , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pletismografia , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
Vascular dysfunction and injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress is closely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary polyphenols is reported to exert the beneficial effects on reducing the risk of CVD. Black soybean is rich in polyphenols, including isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols, and its prevention effects on CVD risk were reported in the animal experiments. In this study, we investigated the effect of black soybean consumption on the vascular function and oxidative stress associating with the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women. Lowered vascular age was observed in 33 out of 44 volunteers who completed the 8-week trial. It was observed that improvement of the vascular stiffness, increasing in the urinary NO2 and NO3 level, and decreasing in the oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, hexanoyl-lysine and myeloperoxidase. In addition, concentration of 12 polyphenols in black soybean increased in the plasma and urine. Increased concentration of polyphenols would be involved in the decreased oxidative stress. Thus, black soybean consumption improved the vascular function through an increase in nitric oxide and a decrease in oxidative stress accompanied by increasing the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycine max/química , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/urina , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Óxido Nítrico/urina , Fotopletismografia , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Wine pomace by-products are an important source of phenolic acids with significant health benefits. However, phenolic acid bioavailability in vivo has been little studied and there are few comparative studies on bioavailability between red and white wine pomace and the effect of intake of different doses. The qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic acid metabolites in plasma and urine samples from Wistar rats was obtained by gas chromatography/mass detection, after oral administration of four doses (50, 100, 150, and 300 mg) of both the red and the white wine pomace products (rWPP and wWPP, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of the plasma samples assessed by both the ABTS and the FRAP levels was also evaluated. The results showed that neither the bioavailability nor the antioxidant capacity in vivo of the rWPP increased at high doses. However, both parameters were dependent on the intake of the wWPP.
Assuntos
Preparações de Plantas , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Vitis/química , Vinho/análise , Administração Oral , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Disponibilidade Biológica , Masculino , Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Preparações de Plantas/química , Preparações de Plantas/farmacocinética , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/urina , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim of this work was to profile, by using an HPLC-MS/MS method, cranberry compounds and metabolites found in human urine after ingestion of a highly standardized cranberry extract (Anthocran®). Two different strategies were adopted for the data analysis: a targeted and an untargeted approach. These strategies allowed the identification of 42 analytes including cranberry components, known metabolites and metabolites hitherto unreported in the literature, including six valerolactones/valeric acid derivatives whose presence in urine after cranberry consumption has never been described before. Absolute concentrations of 26 over 42 metabolites were obtained by using pure available standards. Urine collected at different time points after the last dosage of Anthocran® were tested on the reference strain C. albicans SC5314, a biofilm-forming strain. Fractions collected after 12 h were found to significantly reduce the adhesion and biofilm formation compared to the control (p < 0.05). A similar effect was then obtained by using Anthocran™ Phytosome™, the lecithin formulation containing 1/3 of standardized cranberry extract and formulated to enhance the absorption of the cranberry components. The urinary profile of cranberry components and metabolites in the urine fractions collected at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after the last capsule intake were then reproduced by using the pure standards at the concentration ranges found in the urine fraction, and tested on C. albicans. Only the mixture mimicking the urinary fraction collected at 12 h and containing as main components, quercetin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone was found effective thus confirming the ex-vivo results.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/farmacologia , Ácidos Pentanoicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/urina , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Adulto , Antocianinas/urina , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Feminino , Flavonoides/urina , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/urina , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/urina , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Ácidos Pentanoicos/química , Ácidos Pentanoicos/urina , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Polifenóis/classificação , Polifenóis/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SCOPE: The association between self-reported dietary intake and urinary metabolomic markers of habitual nut exposure with cognitive decline over a 3-year follow-up in an older Italian population is prospectively evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 119 older participants are selected, based on self-referred nut intake: the non-nut consumer (n = 72) and the regular consumer (≥2.9 g d-1 , n = 47). Nut exposure is measured at baseline either with the use of a validated food frequency questionnaire or with an HPLC-Q-ToF-MS metabolomic approach. Three years after, 28 from the nonconsumers and 10 from the consumers experienced cognitive decline. Dietary nut exposure is characterized by urinary metabolites of polyphenols and fatty acids pathways. Nut consumption estimated either by the dietary marker or by the urinary marker model is in both cases associated with less cognitive decline (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61,0.99; p = 0.043 and OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.991,0.999; p = 0.016, respectively) with AUCs 73.2 (95% CI: 62.9, 83.6) and 73.1 (62.5, 83.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of nuts may protect older adults from cognitive decline. Metabolomics provides accurate and complementary information of the nut exposure and reinforces the results obtained using dietary information.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Dieta , Nozes , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/urina , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Polifenóis/urina , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
A cross-over study was conducted in 16 healthy adult volunteers to describe the urinary excretion of polyphenols from date seeds and investigate the antioxidant effect after consumption of different doses of date seeds powder (DSP), bread (DSB) and extract (DSE). After 12 h of fasting, one of the six treatments (0.25 g and 0.5 g/kg bodyweight DSP, 360 g of 10% and 15% DSB, 30 mg and 60 mg/kg bodyweight DSE) was provided along with breakfast, with a two weeks wash-out period between 2 consecutive treatments. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 2, 8 and 24 h post intake. Urine was collected at baseline, 3, 8, and 24 h post intake. An abundant release of polyphenols was detected in urine within the 0-3 h post intake, reached a peak at 8 h, then decreased with polyphenols still being detected up to 24 h post intake. The antioxidant defence system, as measured by reduced glutathione (GSH), was strengthened as soon as 1 h and up to 8 h post intake. Markers of protein and lipid oxidative damages were reduced from 1 h and up to 8 and 24 h post intake, respectively. This supports an antioxidant effect of date seeds products in humans, most probably due to their polyphenols.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Phoeniceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Sementes/química , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/urina , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/urina , Pós , Fatores de Tempo , Emirados Árabes Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pomegranate flowers is an ancient medicine that has commonly been used to treat various diseases such as diabetes. However, no reports are available on the metabolic profile of pomegranate flowers in vivo. In the present study, with the aid of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS2, 67 compounds were identified in pomegranate flowers extract, including 18 ellagitannins, 14 gallic acid and galloyl derivatives, five anthocyanins and 18 flavonoids. Seven compounds were firstly identified. In vivo, 22 absorbed compounds and 35 metabolites were identified in rat biosamples (urine, feces, plasma and tissues) after orally administered with pomegranate flowers extract. This result showed that not all compounds abundant in pomegranate flowers extract could be absorbed well in plasma and tissues. This finding also suggested a potential correlation between study on metabolic profile of these compounds in vivo and study on strategy of screening bioactivity of the isolates with in vitro cell systems evaluation. Notably, mono-glucuronide conjugated metabolite of ellagitannin compound (corilagin) was firstly identified. In addition, this is first report to identify phase II conjugate metabolites of ellagitannins in vivo after oral administration of ellagitannins-rich extracts (or foods). Thus, characterizing its multiple constitution, absorption and metabolic fate of these compounds in vivo is helpful to better analyze the active components in pomegranate flowers.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flores/química , Lythraceae/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Polifenóis/análise , Animais , Masculino , Polifenóis/sangue , Polifenóis/urina , RatosRESUMO
The health benefits of black tea have been linked to polyphenol metabolites that target specific modes of action in the human body. A major bottleneck in unravelling the underlying mechanisms is the preparative isolation of these metabolites, which hampers their structural elucidation and assessment of in vitro bioactivity. A solid phase extraction (SPE)-preparative liquid chromatography (prepLC)-MS-LC-MS-NMR workflow was implemented for preparative isolation of conjugated valerolactone metabolites of catechin-based polyphenols from urine of black tea consumers. First, the urine was cleaned and preconcentrated using an SPE method. Subsequently, the clean urine concentrate was injected on a preparative LC column, and conjugated valerolactones were obtained by MS-guided collection. Reconstituted fractions were further separated on an analytical LC column, and valerolactone fractions were collected in an MS-guided manner. These were reconstituted in methanol-d4 and identified and quantified using 1D and 2D homo- and hetereonuclear NMR experiments (at a field strength of 14.1 T), in combination with mass spectrometry. This resulted in the full spectral 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments of five conjugated valerolactones. These metabolites were collected in quantities of 8-160 µg and purities of 70-91%. The SPE-prepLC-MS-LC-MS-NMR workflow is suitable for isolating metabolites that occur at sub-µM concentrations in a complex biofluid such as urine. The workflow also provides an alternative for cumbersome and expensive de novo synthesis of tea metabolites for testing in bioactivity assays or for use as authentic analytical standards for quantification by mass spectrometry.