Suicídio como sintoma social: um estudo sobre os impactos do capitalismo nas subjetividades / Suicide as a social symptom: a study on the impacts of capitalism on subjectivities / El suicidio como síntoma social: un estudio sobre los impactos delcapitalismo enlas subjetividades

O suicídio é um fenômeno multifatorial, considerado um grave problema de saúde pública que atinge, em média, cerca de 700 mil pessoas todos os anos. Diante disso, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar este fenômeno e sua relação com o capitalismo, tendo como base a determinação social da saúde e o cenário individualista deste modelo de sociedade que podem ser causadores da morte autoprovocada. Com isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica que evidenciou a precarização da vida na realidade brasileira e o sofrimento social envolto à população marginalizada, mediado pelas desigualdades do sistema capitalista, dentre elas o desemprego, precarização do trabalho, racismo, sexismo, lgbtfobia e a pobreza como alguns dos elementos envolvidos no suicídio. Verificou-se a importância de considerar os atravessamentos sociais, políticos, econômicos, históricos e culturais no debate sobre a morte voluntária e na promoção e valorização da vida, contrapondo uma visão individualista e reducionista do fenômeno. (AU)

El suicidio es un fenómeno multifactorial, considerado un grave problema de salud pública que afecta, en promedio, a alrededor de 700,000 personas cada año. Ante esto, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar este fenómeno y su relación con el capitalismo, basándose en la determinación social de la salud y en el escenario individualista de este modelo de sociedad, que pueden ser causantes de la muerte autoprovocada. Con esto, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica que evidenció la precarización de la vida en la realidad brasileña y el sufrimiento social que rodea a la población marginada, mediado por las desigualdades del sistema capitalista, entre las que se encuentran el desempleo, la precarización del trabajo, el racismo, el sexismo, la lgbtfobia y la pobreza como algunos de los elementos del suicidio. Se destacó la importancia de considerar los cruces sociales, políticos, económicos, históricos y culturales en el debate sobre la muerte voluntaria y en la promoción y valoración de la vida, oponiéndose a una visión individualista y reduccionista del fenómeno. (AU)

Suicide is a multifactorial phenomenon, considered a serious public health problem that affects, on average, about 700 thousand people per year. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the phenomenon of suicide and its relationship with capitalism, based on the social determination of the health and the individualistic scenario of this model of society that can be the cause of self-mutilation. With that, a bibliographical research was carried out that evidenced the precariousness of life in the Brazilian reality and the social suffering that surrounds the marginalized population, mediated by the inequalities of the capitalist system, including unemployment, precariousness of employment, racism, sexism, LGBTphobia and poverty as some of the elements involvedin suicide. It was found important to consider the social, political, economic, historical and cultural intersections in the debate on voluntary death and in the promotion and appreciation of life, in opposition to an individualistic and reductionist viewof the phenomenon.

Inclusion of a Parental Component in a Sports-Based HIV Prevention Program for Dominican Youth.

BACKGROUND: Underprivileged youth in the Dominican Republic (DR) are at high risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Protective parenting practices may inhibit sexual risk-taking. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether parental involvement in a sports-based HIV prevention program increased self-efficacy to prevent HIV and safe sex behavior among Dominican youth. METHOD: The study had a quasi-experimental design with repeated measures. N = 90 participants between 13 and 24 years of age participated in the program through two different trainings, UNICA and A Ganar, both of which had an experimental (i.e., program with parental component) and a control (i.e., program without parental component) condition. RESULTS: Self-efficacy to prevent HIV significantly increased among participants in the experimental condition of UNICA. Self-efficacy for safe sex increased among sexually active participants in the experimental condition of A Ganar. Implications for Impact: These findings are important to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal of good health and wellbeing, as they suggest that parental involvement in sports-based HIV prevention programs can enhance their positive effects for increasing youth's self-efficacy to practice HIV-preventive behaviors. Randomized control trials and longitudinal studies are needed.

As implicações do distanciamento social à saúde psicossocial do idoso em tempos de pandemia / The implications of social withdrawal on the psychosocial health of the elderly in times of pandemic / Las implicaciones del distanciamiento social en la salud psicosocial de los ancianos en tiempos de pandemia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos do distanciamento social à saúde psicossocial da pessoa idosa no período da pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo revisão integrativa, realizado entre abril e Setembro de 2022, documentos dispo- nível como artigos científicos; ano de publicação 2020 a 2022. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos de revisão, arquivos do tipo dissertação e teses. A pesquisa incluiu 47 do- cumentos; posteriormente foi realizada leitura crítica e reflexiva dos assim, estabeleceu- se a amostra de 11 artigos. Resultados e Discussão: Mediante todas as medidas tomadas para conter a pandemia, o distanciamento social é a estratégia até então mais eficiente para evitar a disseminação do vírus. Entretanto, as evidências mostram que o mesmo pode trazer prejuízos de natureza psicológica e psicossomática à população, principalmente à população idosa, que é um dos grupos de risco para contágio da doença. Além disso, pode provocar hábitos como o sedentarismo e inatividade física, condições que também são atreladas ao desenvolvimento de doenças físicas, mentais e, consequentemente, ao risco de morte em populações vulneráveis. Conclusão: Trata-se de um fenômeno social com- plexo e que exige atenção das entidades prestadoras de serviço à comunidade idosa, assim como os gestores e familiares. Desse modo, as linhas de cuidado devem se basear nas respostas em rede, que realizam esforços intersetoriais que envolvem políticas públicas de saúde, apoio do estado, assistência social, seguridade e justiça em ação das proteções de direitos, instituídos no Estatuto do Idoso.

The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of social distancing on the psychosocial health of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Integrative review study, carried out between April and September 2022, documents available as scientific articles; year of publication 2020 to 2022. Exclusion criteria were review articles, dissertation and theses type files. The research included 47 documents; later, a critical and reflective reading of the articles was carried out, thus, a sample of 11 articles was established. Results and Discussion: Through all the measures taken to contain the pandemic, social distancing is the most efficient strategy so far to prevent the spread of the virus. However, evidence shows that it can bring psychological and psychosomatic damage to the population, especially the elderly population, which is one of the risk groups for contagion of the disease. In addition, it can cause habits such as physical inactivity and physical inactivity, conditions that are also linked to the development of physical and mental illnesses and, consequently, to the risk of death in vulnerable populations. Conclusion: It is a complex social phenomenon that requires attention from entities providing services to the elderly community, as well as managers and family members. In this way, the lines of care must be based on network responses, which carry out intersectoral efforts that involve public health policies, state support, social assistance, security and justice in action of the protections of rights, established in the Statute of the Elderly.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos del distanciamiento social en la salud psicosocial de los ancianos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio de revisión integradora, realizado entre abril y septiembre de 2022, documentos disponibles como artículos científicos; año de publicación 2020 a 2022. Los criterios de exclusión fueron artículos de revisión, archivos tipo disertación y tesis. La investigación incluyó 47 documentos; posteriormente, se realizó una lectura crítica y reflexiva de los artículos, así, se estableció una muestra de 11 artículos. Resultados y Discusión: A través de todas las medidas tomadas para contener la pandemia, el distanciamiento social es la estrategia más eficiente hasta el momento para prevenir la propagación del virus. Sin em- bargo, la evidencia muestra que puede traer daños psicológicos y psicosomáticos a la población, especialmente a la población anciana, que es uno de los grupos de riesgo de contagio de la enfermedad. Además, puede provocar hábitos como la inactividad física y el sedentarismo, condiciones que también están relacionadas con el desarrollo de enfer- medades físicas y mentales y, en consecuencia, con el riesgo de muerte en poblaciones vulnerables. Conclusiones: Se trata de un fenómeno social complejo que requiere atención por parte de las entidades prestadoras de servicios a la comunidad de adultos mayores, así como de los gestores y familiares. De esta forma, las líneas de atención deben basarse en respuestas en red, que realicen esfuerzos intersectoriales que involucren políticas públicas de salud, apoyo estatal, asistencia social, seguridad y justicia en acción de las protecciones de derechos, establecidas en el Estatuto del Anciano.

Contribuições psicanalíticas ao tema da responsabilização de adolescentes nas políticas socioeducativas / Psychoanalytical contributions to the theme of accountability of adolescents in socio-educational policies / Contribuciones psicoanalíticas al tema de la rendición de cuentas de los adolescentes en las políticas socioeducativas

Desde a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), assistimos a avanços significativos no campo das políticas voltadas para a população infantojuvenil. Dentre esses, destacamos as medidas socioeducativas, intervenção que veio romper com práticas higienistas e repressoras legitimadas por legislações anteriores. De todo modo, apesar do vanguardismo de suas propostas, a socioeducação, mesmo através das medidas socioeducativas, segue apresentando altos índices de reincidência infracional. Tal retrato nos faz questionar: o que leva tantos desses jovens a retornarem ao chamado "mundo do crime" mesmo após o cumprimento de uma medida? A fim de compreender melhor a responsabilização juvenil, problematizamos, a partir da psicanálise, três de suas dimensões: a jurídica, a subjetiva e a social. (AU)

Since the enactment of the Statute for Children and Adolescents (ECA), we have witnessed significant advances in the field of policies aimed at the children and adolescents. Among these, we highlight the socio-educational measures, an intervention that came to break with hygienist and repressive practices legitimized by previous legislation. In any case, despite the vanguard of its proposals, socio-education, even through socio-educational measures, continues to show Since the enactment of the Statute for Children and Adolescents (ECA), we have witnessed significant advances in the field of policies aimed at the children and adolescents. Among these, we highlight the socio-educational measures, an intervention that came to break with hygienist and repressive practices legitimized by previous legislation. In any case, despite the vanguard of its proposals, socio-education, even through socio-educational measures, continues to show. (AU)

Desde la promulgación del Estatuto para Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (ECA), hemos sido testigos de avances significativos en el campo de las políticas dirigidas a niños, niñas y adolescentes. Entre estos, destacamos las medidas socioeducativas, una intervención que rompió con las prácticas higienistas y represivas legitimadas por la legislación anterior. En cualquier caso, a pesar de la vanguardia de sus propuestas, la socioeducación, incluso a través de medidas socioeducativas, sigue mostrando altas tasas de infracción. Tal retrato nos hace preguntarnos: ¿qué impulsa a tantos de estos jóvenes a regresar al llamado "mundo del crimen" incluso después del cumplimiento de una medida? Para comprender mejor la responsabilidad juvenil, problematizamos, en base al psicoanálisis, tres de sus dimensiones: legal, subjetiva y social.Creemos que tal discusión es fundamental para la creación de acciones socioeducativas de carácter crítico, emancipatorio y realmente capaces de impactar en la reducción de la reincidencia delictiva en la vida de los jóvenes. (AU)

Educational Intervention of Healthy Life Promotion for Children with a Migrant Background or at Socioeconomic Disadvantage in the North of Italy: Efficacy of Telematic Tools in Improving Nutritional and Physical Activity Knowledge.

The aim of the "Smuovi La Salute" ("Shake Your Health") project was to implement an integrated and comprehensive model to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in low socioeconomic status (SES) and minority groups living in three different districts in the north of Italy. An app and a cookbook promoting transcultural nutrition and a healthy lifestyle were developed, and no-cost physical activities were organized. Healthy lifestyle teaching was implemented in 30 primary school classrooms. Learning was assessed through pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. At the Obesity Pediatric Clinic, overweight and obese children of migrant background or low SES were trained on transcultural nutrition and invited to participate in the project. Primary school students increased their knowledge about healthy nutrition and the importance of physical activity (p-value < 0.001). At the Obesity Pediatric Clinic, after 6 months, pre-post-intervention variation in their consumption of vegetables and fruit was +14% (p < 0.0001) and no variation in physical activity habits occurred (p = 0.34). In this group, the BMI z-score was not significantly decreased (-0.17 ± 0.63, p= 0.15). This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of telematic tools and targeted community approaches in improving students' knowledge with regard to healthy lifestyle, particularly in schools in suburbs with a high density of migrants and SES families. Comprehensive and integrated approaches provided to the obese patients remain mostly ineffective.

Utilizing Participatory Research to Engage Underserved Populations to Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Delaware.

Cooperative Extension is a community outreach program. Despite its large reach, there is a need for the evaluation of changes in health-related outcomes for individuals engaged with Cooperative Extension. A team-based challenge was developed using community-engaged participatory research integrated with Cooperative Extension to encourage healthy eating and physical activity behaviors through Cooperative Extension programming. Thus, the primary purpose of this secondary analysis was to (1) evaluate changes in anthropometric outcomes and (2) evaluate changes in health behavior outcomes. Associations of anthropometric changes and health behavior changes with engagement in the three-month team-based challenge were explored. Anthropometrics were measured using standard procedures, and intake of fruits and vegetables and physical activity were self-reported. Of the 145 participants in the community-engaged participatory research portion of the study, 52.4% (n = 76) had complete anthropometrics before and after the team-based challenge and were included in this study. At 3 months, there was a significant reduction in body mass index (-0.3 kg/m2, p = 0.024) and no significant change in waist circumference (p = 0.781). Fruit and vegetable intake significantly increased (+0.44 servings/day, p = 0.018). Physical activity did not significantly change based on (1) the number of days 30 or more minutes of physical activity was conducted (p = 0.765) and (2) Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire scores (p = 0.612). Changes in anthropometrics and health behaviors were not associated with engagement in the team-based challenge. Using community-engaged participatory research with community outreach programs, such as Cooperative Extension, can improve health-related outcomes in underserved populations. However, despite a participatory approach, changes in anthropometrics and health behaviors were not associated with engagement in the developed team-based challenge.

Intersection of social vulnerability and residential diversity: Postoperative outcomes following resection of lung and colon cancer.

INTRODUCTION: While the impact of demographic factors on postoperative outcomes has been examined, little is known about the intersection between social vulnerability and residential diversity on postoperative outcomes following cancer surgery. METHODS: Individuals who underwent a lung or colon resection for cancer were identified in the 2016-2017 Medicare database. Data were merged with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention social vulnerability index and a residential diversity index was calculated. Logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the probability of postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Among 55 742 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent lung (39.4%) or colon (60.6%) resection, most were male (46.6%), White (90.2%) and had a mean age of 75.3 years. After adjustment for competing risk factors, both social vulnerability and residential diversity were associated with mortality and other postoperative outcomes. In assessing the intersection of social vulnerability and residential diversity, synergistic effects were noted as patients from counties with low social vulnerability and high residential diversity had the lowest probability of 30-day mortality (3.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-3.5) while patients from counties with high social vulnerability and low diversity had a higher probability of 30-day postoperative death (5.2%, 95% CI: 4.6-5.8; odds ratio: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSION: Social vulnerability and residential diversity were independently associated with postoperative outcomes. The intersection of these two social health determinants demonstrated a synergistic effect on the risk of adverse outcomes following lung and colon cancer surgery.

Smoking and cessation behaviors in patients at federally funded health centers - United States, 2014.

BACKGROUND: Federally funded health centers (HCs) provide care to the most vulnerable populations in the U.S., including populations with disproportionately higher smoking prevalence such as those with lower incomes. METHODS: This study compared characteristics of adult HC patients, by cigarette smoking status, and assessed smoking cessation-related behaviors using 2014 Health Center Patient Survey data; analysis was restricted to adults with data on cigarette smoking status (n = 5583). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Overall, 28.1 % were current smokers and 19.2 % were former smokers. Current smokers were more likely to report fair/poor health (48.2 %) and a high burden of behavioral health conditions (e.g., severe psychological distress 23.9 %) versus former and never smokers. Most current smokers reported wanting to quit in the past 12 months (79.0 %) and receiving advice to quit from a healthcare professional (78.7 %). In a multivariable model, age <45, non-white race, COPD diagnosis, and past 3-month marijuana use were significantly associated with desire to quit. Few former smokers (15.2 %) reported using cessation treatment, though use was higher among those who quit within the previous year (30.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although most current smokers reported a desire to quit, low uptake of evidence-based treatment may reduce the number who attempt to quit and succeed. Given the burden of tobacco use, future efforts could focus on identifying and overcoming unique personal, healthcare professional, or health system barriers to connecting them with cessation treatments. Increasing access to cessation treatments within HCs could reduce smoking-related disparities and improve population health.

Managing cancer in context of pandemic: a qualitative study to explore the emotional and behavioural responses of patients with cancer and their caregivers to COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Having to access life-sustaining treatment during the emerging COVID-19 outbreak has placed patients with cancer at an especially vulnerable position notwithstanding their immunocompromised condition. The present study aimed to elucidate cancer patients' and their caregivers' experiences during this outbreak. DESIGN: Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted. SETTING: A tertiary cancer care facility. PARTICIPANTS: 16 patients with cancer and 14 caregivers. Inclusions criteria were: (A) diagnosed with cancer, (B) receiving active treatment or follow-ups, (C) aged 21 years and above and (D) fluent in English or Mandarin. RESULTS: Thematic analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified: heightened sense of threat, impact on healthcare experience, responsibility falls on oneself, striving for normalcy and sense of safety and trust. Heightened threat of COVID-19 was more pronounced in patients and linked to vulnerability and fear, uncertainty and actions of socially irresponsible others. Dominant in their healthcare experience was prioritising cancer and treatment amidst heightened threat and anticipatory worry about treatment disruptions. Both noted on the importance of taking responsibility for one's health, with caregivers reporting a reinforced sense of duty towards patients. They strived to maintain normalcy by viewing COVID-19 as beyond personal control, downplaying and living life as usual. Their resolve was supported by a sense of safety from the actions of authorities, hospitals and trust towards healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer intensifies threat and the emotional impact of COVID-19 and may trigger specific concerns related to treatment. Psychoeducation interventions led by healthcare providers over digital platforms could help address cancer-specific concerns and support patients and caregivers during the pandemic.

A vulnerable age group: the impact of cancer on the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to increase our understanding of the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCS) as well as the positive and negative impacts of cancer. METHODS: YACCS (aged 18-30, diagnosed ≤ 18, time since diagnosis ≥ 5 years) cross-sectionally filled out the "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adults" (PedsQL-YA), "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" (HADS), and "Checklist Individual Strengths" (CIS-20R) to measure fatigue and survivor-specific "Impact of Cancer - Childhood Survivors" (IOC-CS), which measures the long-term impact of childhood cancer in several domains. Descriptive statistics (IOC-CS), logistic regression (HADS, CIS-20R), and ANOVA (PedsQL-YA, HADS, CIS-20R) were performed. Associations between positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer and psychosocial outcomes were examined with linear regression analyses. RESULTS: YACCS (N = 151, 61.6% female, mean age 24.1 ± 3.6, mean time since diagnosis 13.6 ± 3.8) reported lower HRQOL (- .4 ≤ d ≤ - .5, p ≤ .001) and more anxiety (d = .4, p ≤ .001), depression (d = .4, p ≤ .01), and fatigue (.3 ≤ d ≤ .5, p ≤ .001) than young adults from the general Dutch population. They were at an increased risk of experiencing (sub)clinical anxiety (OR = 1.8, p = .017). YACCS reported more impact on scales representing a positive rather than negative impact of CC. Various domains of impact of childhood cancer were related to psychosocial outcomes, especially "Life Challenges" (HRQOL ß = - .18, anxiety ß = .36, depression ß = .29) and "Body & Health" (HRQOL ß = .27, anxiety ß = - .25, depression ß = - .26, fatigue ß = - .47). CONCLUSION: YACCS are vulnerable to psychosocial difficulties, but they also experience positive long-term impacts of childhood cancer. Positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer were associated with psychosocial outcomes in YACCS. Screening of psychosocial outcomes and offering targeted interventions are necessary to optimize psychosocial long-term follow-up care for YACCS.

Estudo de uma intervenção remota com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade na pandemia do COVID-19 / Estudio de una intervención remota con adolescentes vulnerables en la pandemia COVID-19 / Study of a remote intervention with vulnerable adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic / Etude d'une intervention à distance auprès d'adolescents vulnérables dans la pandémie COVID-19

Amparada nos conceitos de biopolítica e necropolítica,e na psicanálise lacaniana, a pesquisa busca refletir sobre os efeitos da pandemia nos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade participantes do projeto Desembola na Ideia. A (não) implicação dos adolescentes nas medidas de proteção contra o vírus exigiu a criação de espaços virtuais para oficinas e acolhimento para que houvesse uma via de endereçamento da angústia dos jovens. Além disso, analisa os modos de subjetivação que foram suscitados na experiência de atenção psicossocial nos grupos remotos durante esse período. Como metodologia, utilizam-se vinhetas clínicas colhidas nos grupos e discutidas em três categorias de análise. O atendimento remoto apresentou uma função de "prótese" para a manutenção de algo do laço social, diante do desamparo colocado pela pandemia e pela violência já vivida pelos adolescentes

Anclado en los conceptos de biopolítica y necropolítica, y psicoanálisis lacaniano, la investigación tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los efectos de la pandemia en adolescentes vulnerables, que forman parte del proyecto Desembola da Ideia. La (no) implicación de los adolescentes en las medidas de protección contra el virus requirió la creación de espacios virtuales para los talleres y su recepción, que sirvieran de canal para atendersu ansiedad. Además, analiza los modos de subjetivación que fueron evocados en la experiencia de atención psicosocial en grupos remotos durante este período. Se utilizan como metodología viñetas clínicas recopiladas de los grupos remotos y discutidas en tres categorías de análisis. Así, la atención a distancia sirvió de "prótesis" para mantener algo del vínculo social, ante el abandono impuesto por la pandemia y la violencia ya vivida por estos adolescentes

Anchored in the concepts of biopolitics and necropolitics, and Lacanian psychoanalysis, the research aims to reflect on the effects of the pandemic on vulnerable adolescents, who are part of the project Desembola da Ideia.The (non) implication of the adolescents in the protection measures against the virus required the creation of virtual spaces for workshops and their reception, to serve as a channel to address their anxiety. Moreover, it analyzes the modes of subjectification that were evoked in the experience of psychosocial care in remote groups during this period.Clinical vignettes gathered from the remote groups and discussed in three categories of analysis are used as a methodology. Thus, the remote care served as "prosthesis" to maintain something of the social bond, in face of the abandonment imposed by the pandemic and the violence already lived by these teenagers

Ancrée dans les concepts de biopolitique et nécropolitique, et de psychanalyse lacanienne, la recherche vise à réfléchir sur les effets de la pandémie sur les adolescents vulnérables, qui font partie du projet Desembola da Ideia. La (non) implication des adolescents dans les mesures de protection contre le virus a nécessité la création d'espaces virtuels pour les ateliers et leur accueil, pour servir de canal pour répondre à leur anxiété. De plus, il analyse les modes de subjectivation qui ont été évoqués dans l'expérience de prise en charge psychosociale dans des groupes éloignés pendant cette période. Des vignettes cliniques recueillies auprès des groupes éloignés et discutées dans trois catégories d'analyse sont utilisées comme méthodologie. Ainsi, la prise en charge à distance a servi de «prothèse¼ pour maintenir quelque chose du lien social, face à l'abandon imposé par la pandémie et la violence déjà vécue par ces adolescents.

Desamparo e ações específicas de cuidados com um adolescente na rede pública / La impotencia y las acciones específicas del cuidado com un adolescente en la red pública / Helplessness and specific care actions for an adolescent in the public system

RESUMO. Este trabalho apresenta dados preliminares de pesquisa pós-doutoral que investiga, a partir da psicanálise, a noção de 'desamparo' em jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade, na busca por 'ações específicas' de cuidado na prática institucional em dispositivos de políticas públicas. Partimos da interface entre psicanálise e direito, bem como da supervisão de caso sob ação da Justiça Restaurativa. Analisamos, pela metodologia do caso único, um caso de adolescente sob medida protetiva e socioeducativa, do qual são extraídas duas observações orientadoras: a dimensão da transmissão e filiação e do 'desamparo' e da 'ação específica' na adolescência. Como resultado, sistematizamos quatro lógicas de orientação para composição da 'ação específica': o sujeito e a dimensão simbólica, o sujeito e o circuito pulsional, a implicação e a retificação no campo do Outro, e as inflexões sobre a equipe. Concluímos que o desamparo é uma chave de leitura psicanalítica para a noção de vulnerabilidade e que a supervisão institucional favorece a construção melhor orientada para a ação específica de cuidados.

RESUMEN. El documento presenta datos preliminares de la investigación postdoctoral que investiga, desde el psicoanálisis, la noción de impotencia en los jóvenes vulnerables, en busca de coordinadas que establezcan acciones específicas de atención en la práctica clínica e institucional en dispositivos de políticas públicas. Partimos de la interfaz entre el Psicoanálisis y la ley, basada en la supervisión de casos bajo la acción de justicia restaurativa. El estudio de caso analizó un caso de adolescente bajo medidas protectoras y socioeducativas, de las cuales se toman tres observaciones para guiar la discusión: la dimensión de transmisión y afiliación; impotencia y acción específica ante la adolescencia. Como resultado de la supervisión institucional, hemos reunido cuatro planes de lectura guía para su composición: el sujeto y la dimensión simbólica, el sujeto y el circuito de conducción, la implicación y rectificación en el campo del Otro, y las inflexiones en el equipo. Concluimos que la impotencia es una lectura psicoanalítica clave para la noción de vulnerabilidad y que la supervisión institucional favorece una mejor construcción de la atención orientada a la acción.

ABSTRACT This paper presents preliminary data from a postdoctoral research that investigates, from psychoanalysis, the notion of helplessness in vulnerable young people, in the search for specific care actions in clinical and institutional practice in public policy devices. We start from the interface between Psychoanalysis and law, based on a case under supervision for restorative justice action. The study analyzed a case of an adolescent under protective and socio-educational measures, from which two observations are taken to guide the discussion: the dimension of transmission and affiliation, and the helplessness and specific action in the face of adolescence. As a result, we have gathered from institutional supervising four guiding plans for its lecture: the subject and the symbolic dimension, the subject and the drive circuit, the implication and rectification in the Other's field, and the inflections on the team. We conclude that helplessness is a psychoanalytic key for the notion of vulnerability and that institutional supervision favors the construction better oriented towards specific care actions.

Representaciones sociales de la discapacidad en una comunidad universitaria de Ibagué, Colombia, mediante las redes de asociaciones / Social representations of disabilities in a university Community of ibagué, colombia, through association networks

La comprensión de la discapacidad como un fenómeno social interpela a los grupos sociales para revisar su responsabilidad frente a la inclusión de las personas en esta condición. Objetivo. Identificar las representaciones sociales de la discapacidad en una comunidad universitaria. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con análisis complementarios cuantitativos y cualitativos, implementando las redes de asociaciones en dos grupos de actores, uno configurado por directivos, profesores y administrativos, y el otro, por estudiantes de todos los programas, en una universidad de Ibagué (Colombia). Resultados. La principal diferencia entre los dos grupos de participantes radicó en que, mientras los estudiantes manifestaron representaciones más positivas hacia las personas con discapacidad, los directivos, los profesores y los administrativos mostraron ciertos rasgos de resistencia a aceptar y a aportar a la inclusión de este colectivo. Conclusiones. Todos los participantes comprenden la discapacidad como el resultado de la interacción entre las variables personales y del medio ambiente, por lo tanto, están dispuestos a trabajar por la inclusión de las personas en esta condición en el ámbito universitario.

The understanding of disability as a social phenomenon challenges social groups to review their responsibility for the inclusion of people in this condition. Objective. To identify the social representations of disability in a university community. Method. A descriptive study was carried out with complementary quantitative and qualitative analyzes, implementing networks of associations in two groups of actors, one made up of coordinators, professors and administrators and, the other, by students of all programs, in a university in Ibagué (Colombia). Results. The main difference between the two groups of participants was that, while students showed more positive representations towards people with disabilities, the coordinators, teachers and administrators, showed certain traits of resistance to accept and contribute to the inclusion of this group. Conclusions. All participants understand disability as the result of the interaction between personal and environmental variables, therefore, they are willing to work for the inclusion of people with this condition in the university environment.

COVID-19 related concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts on populations globally, with increasing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression being reported, especially in people with pre-existing medical conditions who appear to be particularly vulnerable. There are limited data on the specific concerns people have about COVID-19 and what these are based on. METHODS: The aim of this study was to identify and explore the concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions in the UK regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and how these concerns were affecting them. We conducted a thematic analysis of free text responses to the question "What are your main concerns about getting coronavirus?", which was included in the British Lung Foundation/Asthma UK (BLF-AUK) partnership COVID-19 survey, conducted between the 1st and 8th of April 2020. This was during the 3rd week of the UK's initial 'social distancing measures' which included advice to stay at home and only go outside for specific limited reasons. RESULTS: 7039 responses were analysed, with respondents from a wide range of age groups (under 17 to over 80), gender, and all UK nations. Respondents reported having asthma (85%), COPD (9%), bronchiectasis (4%), interstitial lung disease (2%), or 'other' lung diseases (e.g. lung cancer) (1%). Four main themes were identified: (1) vulnerability to COVID-19; (2) anticipated experience of contracting COVID-19; (3) pervasive uncertainty; and (4) inadequate national response. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts. The concerns we identified largely reflect contextual factors, as well as their subjective experience of the current situation. Hence, key approaches to reducing these concerns require changes to the reality of their situation, and are likely to include (1) helping people optimise their health, limit risk of infection, and access necessities; (2) minimising the negative experience of disease where possible, (3) providing up-to-date, accurate and consistent information, (4) improving the government and healthcare response.

Experiences of tobacco cessation including a prescription approach among patients in Swedish primary health care with a focus on socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco Cessation on Prescription (TCP) is a new intervention that is being evaluated in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Swedish primary health care (PHC). Patients' perceptions of TCP are important to understand as this may have implications for the acceptability and adherence to treatment and explain cessation outcomes. Patients' general experiences of tobacco cessation are also important to explore to improve cessation support in this setting. AIM: To explore experiences of tobacco cessation and TCP among patients in Swedish PHC focusing on socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. METHODS: Inductive content analysis of transcripts from eight semi-structured interviews with patients recruited from the intervention group in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of TCP in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in PHC in Stockholm. RESULTS: Two themes were identified: needing individualized support to quit, taking differences in patients' experiences of tobacco use and cessation into account, acknowledging individual factors such as impact of health and wellbeing on tobacco use and differing attitudes towards tobacco and cessation and needing a supportive environment to facilitate tobacco cessation, taking contextual factors like professional support from the health care system, the importance of the social environment and supportive societal structures into account. Regarding TCP, the prescription form was perceived as useful for providers but did not appear to have a direct impact on tobacco cessation from the informants' perspective. However, individualized counseling from a tobacco cessation specialist, an empathetic approach in the treatment and long-term follow-up was considered important. CONCLUSION: A holistic approach may be needed in cessation treatment, combined with interventions outside the health care system, to facilitate tobacco cessation among patients in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Swedish PHC. The TCP prescription form may be helpful for PHC providers but counseling and follow-up appear to be the most important components of TCP for patients in this setting.

Is vulnerability associated with substance use? A study among youth in Switzerland.

Adolescence is a period of exploration and experimentation that includes risk behaviors such as substance use. Adolescents living in a situation of vulnerability could be more prone to using substances. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the level of vulnerability and substance use considering explanatory factors. Data were obtained from the first wave of the GenerationFRee project (http://www.generationfree.ch), a longitudinal study based on data collected yearly between 2014 and 2019 on youth aged 15-24 years in high schools and professional schools. The sample included 5179 participants. We designated four risk behaviors: current tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse, cannabis use, and other illegal drug use. We defined vulnerability based on three criteria: the relationship with parents, school performance, and the family socioeconomic status (SES). According to this definition, participants were divided into three groups: no vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, and high vulnerability. Each substance was compared by vulnerability level and controlled with explanatory factors such as age, gender, perceived health, emotional well-being, academic track, nationality, living with parents, residence, family structure, money earned, and perceived personal financial situation. The results show that all substances except alcohol misuse are associated with vulnerability at the bivariate level. All the explanatory factors were also significant with the exception of academic track and amount of money earned per month. In the multinomial regression, for the moderate- and high-vulnerability groups, cannabis use was the only behavior that remained significant. In conclusion, this study shows the association between level of vulnerability and substance use, especially cannabis use. The results also demonstrate the complexity around vulnerability and how the interaction with social aspects influences vulnerability. Youths presenting familial, educational, or financial problems need to be especially screened for substance use by healthcare providers.

"Everybody in this community is at risk of dying": An ethnographic exploration on the potential of integrating a palliative approach to care among workers in inner-city settings.

OBJECTIVE: At the end of life, the need for care increases. Yet, for structurally vulnerable populations (i.e., people experiencing homelessness and poverty, racism, criminalization of illicit drug use, stigma associated with mental health), access to care remains highly inaccessible. Emerging research suggests that enhancing access to palliative care for these populations requires moving care from traditional settings, such as the hospital, into community settings, like shelters and onto the street. Thus, inner-city workers (ICWs) (e.g., housing support and community outreach) have the potential to play pivotal roles in improving access to care by integrating a "palliative approach to care" in their work. METHOD: Drawing upon observational field notes and interview data collected for a larger critical ethnographic study, this secondary thematic analysis examines ICWs' (n = 31) experiences providing care for dying clients and garners their perspectives regarding the constraints and facilitators that exist in successfully integrating a palliative approach to care in their work. RESULTS: Findings reveal three themes: (1) Approaches, awareness, and training; (2) Workplace policies and filling in the gaps; and (3) Grief, bereavement, and access to supports. In brief, ICWs who draw upon harm reduction strategies strongly parallel palliative approaches to care, although more knowledge/training on palliative approaches was desired. In their continuous work with structurally vulnerable clients, ICWs have the opportunity to build trusting relationships, and over time, are able to identify those in need and assist in providing palliative support. However, despite death and dying is an everyday reality of ICWs, many described a lack of formal acknowledgement by employers and workplace support as limitations. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Findings contribute promising practices for enhancing equitable access to palliative care for society's most vulnerable populations by prioritizing front-line workers' perspectives on how best to integrate a palliative approach to care where structurally vulnerable populations live and die.