Intimidade em tempo digitais: o esquecimento da relação face a face / Intimacy in digital time: forgetting the face-to-face relationship / Intimidad en tiempo digital: el olvido de la relación cara a cara

Este trabalho pretende discutir a noção de intimidade apresentada por Peter Sloterdijk e os efeitos da tecnologia digital na relação interfacial. O objetivo é mostrar como a articulação entre psicanálise e fenomenologia apresentada pelo filósofo alemão contribui para a compreensão de fenômenos clínicos e cotidianos. Por meio de estudos anteriores e situações clínicas mostraremos a substituição da lógica conjuntiva pela conectiva, como apresentada pelo filósofo italiano Franco Berardi, a qual tem gerado vínculos pouco enraizados em vivências corporais. As descrições das experiências temporais e corporais são centrais para compreender esta mudança que está ocorrendo. Neste sentido, concluímos que as facilidades da tecnologia podem se desdobrar em um esquecimento do espaço interfacial como memória e porta de entrada para o mundo.

This paper intends to discuss the notion of intimacy presented by Peter Sloterdijk and the effects of digital technology on the interfacial relationship. The objective is to show how the articulation between psychoanalysis and phenomenology presented by the German philosopher contributes to understand clinical and everyday phenomena. Through previous studies and clinical situations, we will show how the substitution of the conjunctive logic to a connective one, as presented by the Italian philosopher Franco Berardi, has generated ties that are not deeply rooted in bodily experiences. Descriptions of temporal and bodily experiences are central to understanding this change that is occurring. In this sense, we conclude that the facilities of the technology can generate a forgetfulness of the interfacial space as a memory and a gateway for the world.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la noción de intimidad presentada por Peter Sloterdijk y los efectos de la tecnología digital en la relación interfacial. El objetivo es mostrar cómo la articulación entre psicoanálisis y fenomenología presentada por el filósofo alemán contribuye a la comprensión de los fenómenos clínicos y cotidianos. A través de estudios previos y situaciones clínicas, mostraremos la sustitución de la lógica conectiva por la lógica conectiva, tal como la presentó el filósofo italiano Franco Berardi, que ha generado vínculos poco arraigados en las experiencias corporales. Las descripciones de las experiencias temporales y corporales son fundamentales para comprender este cambio que está ocurriendo. En este sentido, concluimos que las instalaciones de la tecnología pueden convertirse en un olvido del espacio interfacial como memoria y puerta de entrada al mundo.

Clients' satisfaction with HIV care and treatment centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: HIV is a major global public health challenge, claiming the lives of over 32 million people so far. The satisfaction of HIV-affected clients with the quality of their HIV services at treatment centres is crucial for quality improvement. This article assesses clients' satisfaction with different aspects of the overall care experience and seeks to determine if the type of health facility ownership is a predictor of satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 430 respondents was conducted between September and October 2019. Purposeful and convenient sampling techniques were used to select health facilities and potential respondents, respectively. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of health facility and clients' satisfaction based on the six assessed aspects of care, and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The general clients' satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres was 92.3%. Respondents from public health facilities were most satisfied with privacy and confidentiality (100%), physical environment (100%), counseling (99.5%) and drug availability (99.5%); respondents from private health facilities were most satisfied with the time spent in the facility (95.9%); while respondents from faith-based health facilities were most satisfied with staff-patient communication (99.2%). However, after adjusting for confounders, only one aspect of care, that of "time spent in the facility," showed significant association with the type of health facility. CONCLUSION: Generally, clients' satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres in the Ubungo District, Dar es Salaam was high. This finding should encourage health care providers to maintain high-quality services to sustain clients' satisfaction.

Divulgação não autorizada de imagem íntima: danos à saúde das mulheres e produção de cuidados / Divulgación no autorizada de imagen íntima: daños a la salud de la mujeres y producción de cuidados / Unauthorized disclosure of intimate image: damage to women's health and the production of care

Objetivou-se analisar os danos à saúde das mulheres que tiveram imagens íntimas divulgadas sem autorização, bem como os cuidados em saúde necessários nessas situações. Partiu-se do debate sobre violência contra as mulheres em sua interface com a Saúde Coletiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 17 mulheres com idade entre 17 e 50 anos que tiveram imagens íntimas divulgadas sem autorização e com dez profissionais da saúde e da assistência que atenderam mulheres nessa situação. Foram observados diversos danos à Saúde Mental, como agravamento de transtorno alimentar e uso abusivo de álcool, automutilação, desenvolvimento de fobias, depressão e tentativa de autoextermínio. A exposição da intimidade tem se mostrado uma forma recorrente de violência que requer cuidados peculiares, a serem apropriados pelo campo da saúde na produção de cuidados com vistas à promoção da saúde integral das mulheres. (AU)

El objetivo fue analizar los daños a la salud de las mujeres que tuvieron imágenes íntimas divulgadas sin autorización, así como los cuidados de salud necesarios en esas situaciones. Se partió del debate sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en su interfaz con la Salud Colectiva. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con 17 mujeres con edades entre los diecisiete y cincuenta años que tuvieron imágenes íntimas divulgadas sin autorización y con diez profesionales de la salud y de la asistencia que atendieron a mujeres en esa situación. Se observaron diversos daños a la salud mental, tales como agravación de trastorno alimentario y uso abusivo de alcohol, automutilación, desarrollo de fobias, depresión e intento de auto-exterminio. La exposición de la intimidad se ha mostrado como una forma recurrente de violencia que requiere cuidados propios que deben ser apropiados por el campo de la salud en la producción de cuidados con el objetivo de la promoción de la salud integral de las mujeres. (AU)

The objective was to analyze the damage to the health of women who had intimate images released without authorization, as well as the necessary health care in these situations. The starting point was the debate on violence against women in its interface with Public Health. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 women aged between 17 and 50 years old, who had intimate images released without authorization; and with ten health and care professionals who attended women in this situation. Several damages to mental health were observed, such as aggravation of eating disorders and alcohol abuse, self-mutilation, development of phobias, depression and attempted self-extermination. The exposure of intimacy has been shown to be a recurrent violence that requires proper care, to be appropriated by the health field in the production of care in order to promote women's comprehensive health. (AU)

Privacy Concerns About Personal Health Information and Fear of Unintended Use of Biospecimens Impact Donations by African American Patients.

Biospecimen donation is essential for studies of cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. Donations from minority groups, for whom the cancer burden is high, are infrequent and inadequate for research purposes. The obstacles to donation of biospecimens by African Americans and other minority groups must be identified. Patients aged 18-85 years were surveyed based on the clinic visited (group A: GI/primary care and group B: oncology with confirmed cancer diagnosis) and analyzed as separate groups. The validated biobanking attitudes and knowledge survey (BANKS) as well as pancreatic cancer questions were used. In group A, 278/292 surveys were completed (5/6 patients participated). In group B, 54/59 surveys were completed (4/5 patients participated). There were low mean scores on the BANKS knowledge sections, specifically in regard to specimen ownership and the separation of research and medical records. Also, two major concerns limited donation: (1) fear that personal, medical, and family medical information may be stolen from the biobank; and (2) mistrust that biospecimens could be used for unintended purposes. Low knowledge about biospecimen acquisition, added to mistrust, warrant community-based, and patient education in an effort to improve attitudes, increase participation, and regain healthy therapeutic alliances.

Protecting Patient Privacy in Narratives: The Lifespan-Brown Checklist for Appropriate Use of Patient Narratives.

How can we support narratives written by clinicians in a way that promotes reflection without breaching the confidentiality inherent within the patient­provider relationship? This narrative provides some guidance, with the Brown­Lifespan Checklist for Narratives.

Life in company dormitories and a career change are associated with anxiety over lack of privacy among radiation decontamination workers in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to obtain knowledge for improvement of the housing and life among radiation decontamination workers by examining the effect of housing type on anxiety over lack of privacy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 544 male radiation decontamination workers in Fukushima Prefecture who anonymously answered self-administered questionnaires in 2013, including measurement of privacy anxiety, housing type, career change, social support, and sociodemographics. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between these factors and anxiety over lack of privacy. RESULTS: The number of workers who had anxiety over lack of privacy was 93 (17.1%), and the number of workers who were living in owner-occupied housing, rental housing, company dormitories, and hotels was 165 (30.3%), 177 (32.5%), 168 (30.9%), and 34 (6.3%), respectively. The presence of anxiety was significantly associated with housing type (p <0.001), a career change (p = 0.005), and the location of the worker's previous residence (p <0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that life in a company dormitory and a career change were separately associated with anxiety over lack of privacy (p <0.001 and p <0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found that anxiety among radiation decontamination workers over lack of privacy increased if they lived in company dormitories or had changed careers to become a radiation decontamination worker. These findings demonstrate the need to improve occupational mental health management, with an intensive focus on the residential environment.

Família e biopolítica: a destruição da intimidade nas sociedades contemporâneas / Family and biopolitics: the destruction of intimacy in the contemporary society / Familia y la biopolítica: la destrucción de la intimidad en la sociedad contemporánea

O presente artigo busca problematizar a instituição familiar contemporânea partindo de uma abordagem histórica que remonta ao período de consolidação do modelo familiar burguês. Optou-se por analisar a instituição familiar na perspectiva das relações de poder tal como proposto por Michel Foucault. Especificamente, foi utilizada a concepção do autor de biopolítica, uma vertente do poder que se dirige às especificidades do corpo vivo. Para tanto, foi selecionada a questão da sexualidade como elemento historicamente presente nas transformações do modelo familiar: de uma família fechada sobre si e na qual a sexualidade era velada e reprimida, passou-se à família atual na qual estes mesmos temas ganham visibilidade e discussão em um espaço ampliado. Em seguida, questionam-se os efeitos da abertura familiar por uma intervenção biopolítica. Por fim, foi possível demonstrar que está em curso uma destruição sistemática da intimidade iniciada pelas intervenções biopolíticas e protagonizada por aqueles que resistem, de algum modo, às determinações do poder

This article seeks to discuss the contemporary family institution from a historical approach which dates back to the period of consolidation of the bourgeois family model. We decided to analyze the family institution in perspective of power relations as proposed by Michel Foucault. Specifically, the author of biopolitics, a power which is directed to the specificities of the living body, was used. To this end, was selected the issue of sexuality as historically this element in the transformations of the family model: a closed family about you and where sexuality was repressed and veiled, it moved to the current family in which these same topics gain visibility and discussion in an expanded space. Then wonder if the effects of the family by opening a biopolitical intervention. Finally, it was possible to demonstrate that there is a systematic destruction of the biopolitical interventions initiated intimacy and led by those who resist, somehow, to power determinations

En este artículo se pretende discutir la institución familiar contemporánea desde un enfoque histórico que se remonta al período de consolidación del modelo familiar burgués. Decidimos analizar la institución familiar en la perspectiva de las relaciones de poder propuesta por Michel Foucault. Específicamente, la concepción del autor de la biopolítica, un poder que se dirige a las particularidades del cuerpo viviente, fue utilizada. Para ello, se seleccionó el tema de la sexualidad como elemento históricamente presente en las transformaciones del modelo familiar: una cerrada familiar acerca de si misma y donde la sexualidad fue reprimida y velada, se trasladó a la familia en la que estos mismos temas ganan visibilidad y discusión en un espacio ampliado. Entonces, preguntamos por los efectos de la familia con la apertura de una intervención de la biopolítica. Finalmente, fue posible demostrar que está en curso una destrucción sistemática de la intimidad por intervenciones biopolíticas que es protagonizada por aquellos que resisten, de alguna manera, a las determinaciones del poder.

Perception and Acceptability of Medical Photography in Chinese Dermatologic Patients: A Questionnaire Survey.

BACKGROUND: Medical photography is increasingly used by physicians, but studies assessing the perception and acceptability of medical photography by Chinese dermatologic patients are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception and acceptability of medical photography in Chinese dermatologic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July to December 2014, adult patients visiting the Dermatology Clinic of The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University were included in this study. They were required to fill an anonymous questionnaire regarding perception and acceptability of medical photography. RESULTS: A total of 509 consecutive patients completed the questionnaire, with 35 and 474 declining and undergoing medical photography, respectively. Meanwhile, 81.0% of the patients preferred to be photographed by attending physicians; 63.3% favored clinic-owned cameras, and 81.0% would rather have their photographs stored in the department's database. Besides, most patients allowed their photographs to be used in case studies (92.8%) or medical record keeping (90.3%). CONCLUSION: Most Chinese dermatologic patients accept medical photography. However, the principles of privacy protection and informed consent should be strictly enforced in clinical practice, and appropriate photographic devices and storage methods should be used, for better acceptance.

Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.

PURPOSE: Persons aged 15-25 years have high sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates and suboptimal screening. There has been limited research analyzing barriers to STI testing at a national level. We examined STI testing among 15-25 year olds and reasons for not testing. METHODS: We used data from a national survey of youth. Bivariate and multivariable analyses examined differences in testing behaviors by demographics, separately by sex. Among sexually experienced respondents who reported never being tested, health system-related reasons for not testing were examined in bivariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Females (16.6%) were more likely to have ever been tested compared with males (6.1%, p < .01) in the last 12 months. Among sexually experienced respondents who were never tested, 41.8% did not seek testing because they felt they were not at risk for STIs. Males (60.1%) had significantly higher reports of foregoing testing for confidentiality reasons compared with females (39.9%, p < .01). Non-Hispanic whites (44.9%) the highest reports of this compared with other ethnic/racial groups (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This national-level study found that most of the 15-25 year olds never received an STI test. In addition, confidentiality concerns may deter youth from seeking STI testing. Appropriate strategies to minimize these concerns may be useful. Potential strategies to ameliorate these issues may include engaging clinicians who frequently serve adolescents and young adults to address confidentiality issues with youth patients.

Del "hombre elefante" a "la mujer más fea del mundo" / From "elephant man" to "the ugliest woman in the world"

Internet, con su predomino de la imagen han dado un toque nuevo a la vieja agresividad humana, que ahora se deleita, se ensaña con la fealdad, la pobreza, la diferencia y la intimidad del otro. Como en otras épocas, hoy, el ser humano muestra que es despiadado, cruel, brutal con sus semejantes, y que haciendo uso de su inteligencia, ha puesto la tecnología al servicio de esta pulsión agresiva, exhibiendo, publicando, mostrando en las llamadas redes sociales todo lo que es capaz de hacer frente al semejante, mostrando que el semejante siempre es el blanco perfecto de esa agresividad que lo constituye.

Internet, with its predominance of the image have given a new touch to the old aggressiveness human, who now delights, is angry with ugliness, poverty, difference and privacy of the other. As in other times, today, the human being shows that he is ruthlesscruel, brutal with his fellow men, and that by using his intelligence, he has technology at the service of this aggressive drive, exhibiting, publishing, showing in the so-called social networks all that is capable of facing the like, showthat the like is always the perfect target of that aggressiveness that constitutes it.

Cancer survivors' concealment or disclosure of diagnosis: Implications for return to work.

BACKGROUND: The ability to return to work (RTW) is a significant quality of life indicator for many working aged cancer survivors. In the void of available support, many are left to independently navigate the RTW process which includes such important considerations as disclosure or concealment of diagnosis with concomitant sequellae. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews participants' variable approaches to concealment, disclosure, or even an open educative stance as well as the associated benefits and limitations. METHODS: Photovoice methods combined with interviewing. RESULTS: While most participants disclosed their diagnosis and many extolled the benefits of an open, educative stance, there were drawbacks experienced. Similarly, those who concealed their diagnosis also experienced benefits and challenges. CONCLUSIONS: In the current void of appropriate cancer rehabilitation supports, cancer survivors must independently negotiate their RTW process. Although most participants openly disclosed their diagnosis and associated limitations, a few concealed or camouflaged. There are benefits and limitations to both approaches of which survivors should be made aware at the outset as such will shape their RTW experience. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation support services would best guide survivors' management of the myriad of factors that will impact their work reintegration.

Behavioral risk factors of constipation in palliative care patients.

BACKGROUND: Constipation is frequently encountered in palliative care patients and remains a significant therapeutic problem. The etiology of constipation is multifactorial. Nutritional and behavioral factors are considered common causes of constipation; however, their impact has not yet been assessed precisely. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the frequency of bowel movements (FoBM) and risk factors of constipation in palliative care patients. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A cohort retrospective study was performed in three palliative care centers, including outpatient, home, and inpatient care cancer patients using questionnaires on bowel dysfunction symptoms, behavioral risk factors, and opioid use. The inclusion criterion was adult patients examined on the day of admission. The exclusion criterion was Karnofsky performance status score ≤20. MEASUREMENTS: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the statistical dependence between two variables and frequency analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-seven valid questionnaires were collected. We found the correlation between FoBM and insufficient food and fluid intake (p < 0.0001), as well as for inadequate conditions of privacy (p = 0.0008), dependency on a caregiver (p = 0.0059), and the patient's overall performance status (p = 0.013). We did not manage to prove bed rest as the independent risk factor of constipation. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factors of constipation in palliative care patients appeared to be insufficient fluid and food intake, inadequate conditions of privacy, dependency on a caregiver, as well as poor general performance status.

Attitudes of parents of children with serious health conditions regarding residual bloodspot use.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown that the general public is supportive of newborn screening (NBS) and supportive of the storage and use of residual bloodspots for quality assurance and biomedical research. However, the attitudes of parents of children with serious health conditions have not been assessed. In this study, we assessed attitudes of parents with children who have phenylketonuria (PKU) and leukemia towards NBS and storage and use of residual bloodspots for research. METHODS: A total of 49 individuals were recruited and responded to a validated 41-item survey regarding NBS and the retention and use of residual bloodspots. Of these participants, 22 had a child with PKU and 27 had a child with leukemia. We compared their responses to those of 1,927 individuals from the general public obtained in a previous study using the same survey instrument. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: We found that parents of children with a serious health condition had higher levels of support than the general public towards the use of residual NBS samples for research but similar attitudes regarding choice and privacy protections. It is important to assess the attitudes of various stakeholders for policy development.

Heterogeneous HIV testing preferences in an urban setting in Tanzania: results from a discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission through treatment rely on HIV testing programs that are acceptable to broad populations. Yet, testing preferences among diverse at-risk populations in Sub-Saharan Africa are poorly understood. We fielded a population-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) to evaluate factors that influence HIV-testing preferences in a low-resource setting. METHODS: Using formative work, a pilot study, and pretesting, we developed a DCE survey with five attributes: distance to testing, confidentiality, testing days (weekday vs. weekend), method for obtaining the sample for testing (blood from finger or arm, oral swab), and availability of HIV medications at the testing site. Cluster-randomization and Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) sampling methodology were used to enroll 486 community members, ages 18-49, in an urban setting in Northern Tanzania. Interviewer-assisted DCEs, presented to participants on iPads, were administered between September 2012 and February 2013. RESULTS: Nearly three of five males (58%) and 85% of females had previously tested for HIV; 20% of males and 37% of females had tested within the past year. In gender-specific mixed logit analyses, distance to testing was the most important attribute to respondents, followed by confidentiality and the method for obtaining the sample for the HIV test. Both unconditional assessments of preferences for each attribute and mixed logit analyses of DCE choice patterns suggest significant preference heterogeneity among participants. Preferences differed between males and females, between those who had previously tested for HIV and those who had never tested, and between those who tested in the past year and those who tested more than a year ago. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest potentially significant benefits from tailoring HIV testing interventions to match the preferences of specific populations, including males and females and those who have never tested for HIV.

Tradutores-intérpretes de LIBRAS na Saúde: o que eles nos contam sobre questões éticas em suas práticas / Sing language medical interpreters what they tell us about ethical issues

O atendimento interlinguístico e intercultural de pacientes surdos nos contextos de saúde é tema pouco explorado pela literatura. A inserção de TILS-GI é um importante meio de viabilizá-lo, conforme previsto em lei. Objetivos: Identificar a atuação de TILS-GI em serviços de saúde, na mediação entre equipes falantes de português e pacientes surdos usuários de libras. Conhecer a percepção de TILS-GI sobre aspectos éticos relacionados à comunicação, autonomia e privacidade de pacientes surdos, tomados aqui como princípios éticos em saúde, conceitos teóricos e eixos de análise. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, empírica, descritiva e de caráter exploratório baseada na análise dos eixos comunicação, autonomia e privacidade. Foram entrevistados 30 TILS-GI atuantes nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos resultados utilizou-se de depoimentos individuais a partir de situações vivenciadas ou hipotéticas. Resultados: Os TILS-GI entrevistados eram ad hoc. Não foram localizados profissionais empregados na saúde. A atuação deles na área foi pontual, esporádica, voluntária, informal e em situações de gravidade de saúde, temas sigilosos ou na falta de familiares acompanhantes. Ao que concerne ao eixo comunicação, os desafios da interpretação relacionam-se à falta de formação específica na área (jargão, desafios intermodais e interculturais), a não saberem lidar com questões de escopo da saúde e pela proximidade pessoal de muitos...

The intercultural and interlinguistic service to deaf patients in the health contexts is an overlooked topic by specialized literature. The insertion of the TILS-GI (Portuguese abbreviation for Translator Interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language and Interpreter-Guide) is an important means to enable such service as provided by law. Objectives: Identifying the performance of TILS-GI in health services in the mediation of Portuguese-speaking teams and deaf patients, users of Brazilian sign language. Bringing to light the perception of TILS-GI about ethical aspects related to the communication, autonomy and privacy of deaf patients, understood herein as heath ethical principles, theoretical concepts and guiding analytical themes. Methodology: This is a qualitative, empirical descriptive research, of exploratory character based on the themes of communication, autonomy and privacy. Thirty TILS-GI who work in the Greater São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro areas were interviewed. The instrument of sampling consisted of three parts. The result analyses used the individual testimonials based on hypothetical or lived experiences. Results: the TILS-GIs interviewed were ad hoc. No professional employed by the health department was located. Their performances in the area were eventual, sparse, volunteer, informal and sometimes in high risk situations, dealing with confidential topics and when in lack of family members. In the terms of the communication axis, the challenges...

Surgical patients' and nurses' opinions and expectations about privacy in care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions and expectations of patients and nurses about privacy during a hospital admission for surgery. The study explored what enables and maintains privacy from the perspective of Turkish surgical patients and nurses. The study included 102 adult patients having surgery and 47 nurses caring for them. Data were collected via semistructured questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. The results showed that patients were mostly satisfied by the respect shown to their privacy by the nurses but were less confident of the confidentiality of their personal data. It was found that patients have expectations regarding nursing approaches and attitudes about acknowledging and respecting patient autonomy and confidentiality. It is remarkable that while nurses focused on the physical dimension of privacy, patients focused on informational and psychosocial dimensions of privacy, as well as its physical dimension.

Intimidad y propiedad intelectual en las redes sociales: el caso colombiano / Privacy and intellectual property in the social networks:the colombian case

Los abusos que se hace del derecho a la información en internet y especialmente en las Redes Sociales Virtuales (en adelante RSV) son constantes y la posibilidad de restringirlos es mínima. Todo parecería indicar que en el mundo virtual no existirá la censura, pero se evidencia todo lo contrario. Muchos grupos de presión, entre ellos quienes buscan la defensa de intereses económicos, han instado a los gobiernos, como el colombiano, y a las empresas de la web (incluidas las RSV) para que constituyan mecanismos de control de todo lo que se difunde por internet y evitar atentados contra el honor, la intimidad y la propiedad intelectual, pero los métodos (legales o de facto) que se han implementado se convirtieron en una forma de censura de las expresiones creativas que reduce la disponibilidad de información y paradójicamente la libertad individual. Para demostrar lo anterior, en escrito se utilizó técnicas de estudio documental en los que se pudiera constatar la influencia de las RSV en el Derecho.

Abuses of the right to information on the Internet and especially in virtual social networks (VSN from now on) are constant and the possibility of restricting them is minimal. Everything would seem to indicate that in the virtual world there is no censorship, but there is evidence of the opposite. Many groups, including those who seek the defense of economic interests, have urged Governments, such as the Colombian one, and the Web companies (including the RSV) so that they constitute control mechanisms of everything that is spread via the Internet and prevent the attacks against honor, privacy, and intellectual property, but the (legal or de facto) methods that have been implemented have become a form of censorship of creative expressions that reduces the availability of information and paradoxically the individual freedom. In order to prove this, techniques of documentary study were used, in which the influence of the VSN in the Law, could be established.

El espectáculo de la intimidad. raíces históricas de la comunicación centrada en el yo / The privacy show: historical roots of communication focused on the ego

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que gira en torno a la sociedad de la información hoy, las fuertes tensiones a las que está sometida, al tradicional consenso social sobre la modestia y el pudor. La comunicación se centra en el yo íntimo, en los sentimientos, mientras se hace cada vez más frecuente la exhibición descarada de la propia interioridad y una curiosidad morbosa, libre de culpa y castigo. Los medios de comunicación social [=MCS] explotan sin reparos el filón de la intimidad, pisoteando con frecuencia el derecho a la privacidad. Los programas de telerrealidad (reality shows) figuran entre los preferidos por la audiencia.

This article presents the results of a research that revolves around the Information Society today, the strong tensions to which it is subject, the traditional social consensus on modesty and decency. Communication focuses on the intimate ego and feelings, while it is much more often the blatant exhibition of the own interiority and a morbid curiosity, free of guilt and punishment. The social media [SM] exploit without objection, the gold mine of privacy, often trampling on the right of privacy. Reality T.V. programs (reality shows) are among the preferred by the audience.

Experiences of women undergoing colposcopy in southeastern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experiences, preferences, and needs of women undergoing colposcopy in southeastern Nigeria. METHODS: Women undergoing colposcopy at 2 centers in southeastern Nigeria between August 1, 2009, and October 31, 2011, were interviewed using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 409 women were interviewed. The majority (60.8%) of these women were satisfied with the overall process of colposcopy. Invasion of privacy and re-assuring attitude of attending clinic personnel were reported as the most dissatisfying and most satisfying aspects of colposcopy, respectively. Privacy during the procedure and written take-home information were the most frequently reported needs. Most participants preferred a female colposcopist and the presence of their spouse during colposcopic examination. CONCLUSION: Southeastern Nigerian women are less satisfied with the overall process of colposcopy than their counterparts from high-income settings. The majority of the women interviewed would have an improved colposcopic experience if their privacy concerns and information needs were addressed and their spouses allowed into the examination room. The findings from the present study should encourage existing and emerging colposcopy service providers in low-resource settings to improve both service delivery and their patients' overall colposcopic experience.