Lymphocyte Levels and Morbidity and Mortality in Cardiovascular Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

INTRODUCTION: A year ago, in a sample of 113 patients, our research group found that a high number of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period was correlated to a poor prognosis in cardiovascular surgeries. This study is an expansion of the initial study in order to confirm this finding. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 338 consecutive patients submitted to cardiovascular surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass performed at Hospital Universitário Ciências Médicas (Belo Horizonte/Brazil) from 2015 to 2017. We analyzed 39 variables with the outcomes death, hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay. RESULTS: The value of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period > 2175.0/mm³ was an indicator of poor prognosis in this sample (P<0.001). The variables female sex, age, high level of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, increased stay in the intensive care unit and in the ward, elevation of creatinine in the preoperative period and at intensive care unit discharge, elevation of the percentage of immediate postoperative period segmented neutrophils, high immediate postoperative period neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, fasting hyperglycemia, preoperative critical condition, reintubation, mild or transient acute renal failure, surgical infection, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic cross-clamping and mechanical ventilation durations also had an impact on the mortality outcome. CONCLUSION: The value of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period > 2175.0/mm3 was an indicator of poor prognosis in cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: Regional disparities in cardiovascular care in Korea have led to uneven patient outcomes. Despite the growing need for and access to procedures, few studies have linked regional service availability to mortality rates. This study analyzed regional variation in the utilization of major cardiovascular procedures and their associations with short-term mortality to provide better evidence regarding the relationship between healthcare resource distribution and patient survival. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationwide claims data for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stent insertion, or aortic aneurysm resection in 2022. Regional variation was assessed by the relevance index (RI). The associations between the regional RI and 30-day mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: The RI was lowest for aortic aneurysm resection (mean, 26.2; standard deviation, 26.1), indicating the most uneven regional distribution among the surgical procedures. Patients undergoing this procedure in regions with higher RIs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.96; p=0.026) versus those with lower RIs. This suggests that cardiovascular surgery regional availability, as measured by RI, has an impact on mortality rates for certain complex surgical procedures. The RI was not associated with significant mortality differences for more widely available procedures like CABG (aOR, 0.96), PCI (aOR, 1.00), or stent insertion (aOR, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Significant regional variation and underutilization of cardiovascular surgery were found, with reduced access linked to worse mortality for complex procedures. Disparities should be addressed through collaboration among hospitals and policy efforts to improve outcomes.

Association between preoperative phase angle and all-cause mortality after cardiovascular surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The importance of preoperative physical function assessment for post-operative intervention has been reported in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Phase angle (PhA), measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, is an indicator of cellular health and integrity and is reported as a prognostic factor in several chronic diseases; however, its association with the long-term prognosis of cardiovascular surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PhA for long-term mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery between October 2016 and March 2021 at Nagoya Heart Center, Japan. PhA was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis before surgery, and physical function measures (gait speed, grip strength and short physical performance battery [SPPB]) were measured synchronously. The association between PhA and all-cause mortality after discharge was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The incremental prognostic value of PhA was compared with other physical function measures using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS: A total of 858 patients were included in the present analysis (mean age = 68.4 ± 11.9 years, 67.6% male). PhA positively correlated with body mass index (ρ = 0.38, P < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass index (ρ = 0.58, P < 0.001), usual gait speed (ρ = 0.44, P < 0.001), grip strength (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.001) and SPPB (ρ = 0.51, P < 0.001). The mean follow-up period, within which 44 (4.7%) died, was 908.9 ± 499.9 days for the entire cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on the PhA tertiles showed that higher PhA was associated with better survival (log-rank test, P < 0.001). The Cox regression analysis showed the independent association of PhA with mortality risk (hazard ratio: 0.91 per 0.1° increment; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.95; P < 0.001). The NRI and IDI showed significant improvements in predicting mortality after adding PhA to the clinical model consisting of age, sex and cardiac and renal function (NRI: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.124-0.729, P = 0.006; IDI: 0.037, 95% CI: 0.012-0.062, P = 0.003). The predictive model consisting of the clinical model and PhA was superior to the model consisting of the clinical model and each of the other physical function indicators (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PhA correlated with physical function and independently predicted long-term mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The additive prognostic value of PhA compared with the other physical function measures suggests the clinical usefulness of preoperative PhA for risk stratification in planning post-operative treatment and rehabilitation.

Determinants of 30-day mortality in elderly patients admitted to a cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the factors influencing 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients aged 65 and older undergoing cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: Data from 360 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2012 and August 2021 in the Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit (CVS ICU) were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: "mortality+" (33 patients) and "mortality-" (327 patients). Factors influencing mortality, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors, complications, and outcomes, were assessed. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in factors affecting mortality, including extubation time, ICU stay duration, blood transfusion, surgical reexploration, aortic clamp duration, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, and the lowest systolic blood pressure during the first 24 hours in the ICU (p<0.05). The "mortality+" group had longer extubation times and ICU stays, required more blood transfusions, and had higher BUN-creatinine ratios, but lower systolic blood pressures, GFR, and HbA1c levels. Mortality was also higher in patients needing noradrenaline infusions and those who underwent reoperation for bleeding (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: By optimizing preoperative renal function, minimizing extubation time, shortening ICU stays, and carefully managing blood transfusions, surgical reexplorations, aortic clamp duration, and HbA1c levels, we believe that the mortality rate can be reduced in elderly patients. Key strategies include shortening aortic clamp times, reducing perioperative blood transfusions, and ensuring effective bleeding control.

Survival and risk factors among dialytic acute kidney injury patients after cardiovascular surgery

Abstract Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent postoperative complication after cardiovascular surgery. It has been described as a predictor of decreased survival rates, but how dialysis decreases survival when initiated on the postoperative period has yet to be determined. To analyze the survival of patients who presented postoperative AKI requiring dialysis up to 30 days after cardiovascular surgery and its risk factors is the aim of this study. Methods: Of the 5,189 cardiovascular surgeries performed in a 4-year period, 157 patients developed AKI requiring dialysis in the postoperative period. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used in the statistical analysis to compare the curves of categorical variables. P-value< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Patient average survival was 546 days and mortality was 70.7%. The need for dialysis on the postoperative period decreased late survival. Risk factors for decreased survival included age (P<0.001) and postoperative complications (P<0.0003). Conclusion: The average survival was approximately one year among dialytic patients. Age and postoperative complications were risk factors that determined decreased survival.

Pre-Frailty Increases the Risk of Adverse Events in Older Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery / Pré-Fragilidade Aumenta o Risco de Eventos Adversos em Idosos Submetidos à Cirurgia Cardiovascular

Abstract Background: Frailty is identified as a major predictor of adverse outcomes in older surgical patients. However, the outcomes in pre-frail patients after cardiovascular surgery remain unknown. Objective: To investigate the main outcomes (length of stay, mechanical ventilation time, stroke and in-hospital death) in pre-frail patients in comparison with no-frail patients after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: 221 patients over 65 years old, with established diagnosis of myocardial infarction or valve disease were enrolled. Patients were evaluated by Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) before surgery and allocated into 2 groups: no-frailty (CFS 1~3) vs. pre-frailty (CFS 4) and followed up for main outcomes. For all analysis, the statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: No differences were found in anthropometric and demographic data between groups (p > 0.05). Pre-frail patients showed a longer mechanical ventilation time (193 ± 37 vs. 29 ± 7 hours; p<0.05) than no-frail patients; similar results were observed for length of stay at the intensive care unit (5 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1 days; p < 0.05) and total time of hospitalization (12 ± 5 vs. 9 ± 3 days; p < 0.05). In addition, the pre-frail group had a higher number of adverse events (stroke 8.3% vs. 3.9%; in-hospital death 21.5% vs. 7.8%; p < 0.05) with an increased risk for development stroke (OR: 2.139, 95% CI: 0.622-7.351, p = 0.001; HR: 2.763, 95%CI: 1.206-6.331, p = 0.0001) and in-hospital death (OR: 1.809, 95% CI: 1.286-2.546, p = 0.001; HR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.476-2.269, p = 0.0001). Moreover, higher number of pre-frail patients required homecare services than no-frail patients (46.5% vs. 0%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with pre-frailty showed longer mechanical ventilation time and hospital stay with an increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with no-frail patients.

Resumo Fundamentos: A fragilidade é reconhecida como um importante preditor de eventos adversos em pacientes cirúrgicos idosos. Entretanto, os desfechos em pacientes com pré-fragilidade após a cirurgia cardiovascular ainda permanecem desconhecidos. Objetivos: Investigar os principais desfechos (tempo de internação, tempo de ventilação mecânica, incidência de acidente vascular cerebral e óbito intra-hospitalar) após cirurgia cardiovascular em pacientes com pré-fragilidade em comparação a pacientes sem fragilidade. Métodos: 221 pacientes acima de 65 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de infarto do miocárdio ou doença valvar foram recrutados no estudo. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela escala de fragilidade clínica (CFS, Clinical Frailty Score) antes da cirurgia e separados em 2 grupos: sem-fragilidade (CFS 1~3) vs. pré-fragilidade (CFS 4). Para todas as análises, foi considerada diferença significativa quando p < 0,05. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças nos dados antropométricos e demográficos entre os grupos. Os pacientes com pré-fragilidade apresentaram maior tempo de ventilação mecânica em comparação a pacientes sem fragilidade (193 ± 37 vs. 29 ± 7 horas; p < 0,05); resultados similares foram observados para tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva (5 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1 days; p < 0,05) e tempo total de internação hospitalar (12 ± 5 vs. 9 ± 3 dias; p < 0,05). Além disso, os pacientes com pré-fragilidade apresentaram maior número de eventos adversos (acidente vascular cerebral-AVC 8,3% vs. 3,9%; óbito intra-hospitalar 21,5% vs. 7,8%; p<0,05) com risco aumentado para AVC (OR: 2,139, IC 95%: 0,622-7,351, p = 0,001; HR: 2,763, IC 95%: 1,206-6,331, p = 0,0001) e morte intra-hospitalar (OR: 1,809, IC 95%: 1,286-2,546, p = 0,001; HR: 1,830, IC 95%: 1,476-2,269, p = 0,0001). Além disso, um maior número de pacientes com pré-fragilidade necessitaram de fisioterapia domiciliar que pacientes sem fragilidade (46,5% vs. 0%; p< 0,05). Conclusão: Pacientes com pré-fragilidade apresentaram maior tempo de ventilação mecânica e maior tempo de internação hospitalar, com maior risco de desenvolverem eventos cardiovasculares adversos em comparação a pacientes sem fragilidade.

The brazilian registry of adult patient undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the bypass project: results of the first 1,722 patients

Abstract Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

Impacto do tipo de procedimento e do fator cirurgião na validação do EuroSCORE / Impact of type of procedure and surgeon on EuroSCORE operative risk validation

Objetivo: O EuroSCORE tem sido utilizado na estimativa de risco em cirurgia cardíaca, apesar de fatores importantes não serem considerados. O objetivo foi validar o EuroSCORE na predição de mortalidade em cirurgia cardiovascular num centro brasileiro, definindo a influência do tipo de procedimento e da equipe cirúrgica responsável pelo paciente. Métodos: No período de janeiro de 2006 a junho de 2011, 2320 pacientes adultos consecutivos foram estudados. De acordo com o EuroSCORE aditivo, os pacientes foram divididos em risco baixo (escore <2), risco moderado (3 - 5), risco elevado (6 - 11) e risco muito elevado (>12). A relação entre a mortalidade observada (O) sobre a esperada (E) de acordo com o EuroSCORE logístico foi calculada para cada um dos grupos, procedimentos e cirurgiões com > de 150 operações, e analisada por regressão logística. Resultados: O EuroSCORE calibrou com a mortalidade observada (O/E=0,94; P<0,0001; área abaixo da curva=0,78), apesar de descalibrar a mortalidade em pacientes de risco muito elevado (O/E=0,74; P=0,001). O EuroSCORE calibrou a mortalidade na revascularização do miocárdio isolada(O/E=0,81; P=0,0001) e cirurgia valvar (O/E=0,89; P=0,007), e a mortalidade nas operações combinadas (O/E=1,09; P<0,0001). O EuroSCORE descalibrou a mortalidade do cirurgião A (O/E=0,46; P<0,0001) e a do cirurgião B (O/E=1,3; P<0,0001), ambos em todos os graus de risco. Conclusão: Na população estudada, o EuroSCORE descalibrou a mortalidade em pacientes de risco muito elevado, podendo sofrer influência do tipo de operação e do cirurgião responsável. O cirurgião mais apto para cada gravidade de paciente pode minimizar o risco imposto por características pré-operatórias. .

Objective: EuroSCORE has been used in cardiac surgery operative risk assessment, despite important variables were not included. The objective of this study was to validate EuroSCORE on mortality prediction in a Brazilian cardiovascular surgery center, defining the influence of type of procedure and surgical team. Methods: Between January 2006 and June 2011, 2320 consecutive adult patients were studied. According to additive EuroSCORE, patients were divided into low risk (score<2), medium risk (3 - 5), high risk (6 - 11) and very high risk (>12). The relation between observed mortality (O) and expected mortality (E) according to logistic EuroSCORE was calculated for each of the groups, types of procedures and surgeons with > 150 operations, and analyzed by logistic regression. Results: EuroSCORE correlated to the observed mortality (O/E=0.94; P<0.0001; area under the curve 0.78). However, it overestimated the mortality in very high risk patients (O/E=0.74; P=0.001). EuroSCORE tended to overestimate isolated myocardial revascularization mortality (O/E=0.81; P=0.0001) and valve surgery mortality (O/E=0.89; P=0.007) and it tended to underestimate combined procedures mortality (O/E=1.09; P<0.0001). EuroSCORE overestimated surgeon A mortality (O/E=0.46; P<0.0001) and underestimated surgeon B mortality (O/E=1.3; P<0.0001), in every risk category. Conclusion: In the present population, EuroSCORE overestimates mortality in very high risk patients, being influenced by type of procedure and surgical team. The most appropriate surgical team may minimize risks imposed by preoperative profiles. .

Preditores de mortalidade em pacientes acima de 70 anos na revascularização miocárdica ou troca valvar com circulação extracorpórea / Predictors of mortality in patients over 70 years-old undergoing CABG or valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco em septuagenários e octogenários submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: Avaliadas variáveis peri-operatórias de 265 pacientes com mais de 70 anos; desses, 248 (93,6%) eram septuagenários e 17 (6,4%) eram octogenários. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença de mortalidade entre eles, com mortalidade global de 22 (8,3%) pacientes. Não houve diferença em relação ao tipo de procedimento (revascularização ou tratamento valvar) (P=0,545). As variáveis pré-operatórias não aumentaram o risco de morte. Enxerto arterial ou venoso (P=0,261) e número de enxertos utilizados por paciente (P=0,131) não aumentaram a mortalidade. O grupo de sobreviventes apresentou tempo médio de CEC de 70 ± 27 minutos e o grupo óbito, 88,8 ± 25,4 minutos, com significância estatística (P<0,001). O tempo de isquemia no grupo de sobreviventes foi de 55,5 ± 20 minutos e no grupo óbito, 64,9 ± 16 minutos, com significância (P=0,014). Na regressão logística multivariada, o tempo de CEC é a variável que se associa a morte, com qui-quadrado de Pearson =0,0056. Tempo de CEC > 75 minutos apresenta 3,2 vezes (IC 95%: 1,3 - 7,9), maior chance de óbito do que os pacientes com tempo de CEC < 75 minutos. Variáveis pós-operatórias: tempo de ventilação mecânica > 12 horas (P< 0,001), tempo de internação na UTI (P=0,033), reoperação (P=0,001), suporte inotrópico > 48 horas (P<0,001) e necessidade de hemoderivados (P<0,001) aumentam a mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A mortalidade global justifica a intervenção. CEC > 75 minutos, tempo de ventilação mecânica superior a 12 horas, de internação em UTI, reoperação, suporte inotrópico por período superior a 48 horas e uso de hemoderivados estão associados a maior mortalidade.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors in septuagenarians and octogenarians submitted to cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Per-operative variables of 265 patients over 70 years of age were analyzed. 248 (93.6%) were septuagenarians and 17 (6.4%) octogenarians. RESULTS: Overall mortality did not differ between the groups, nor did the type of procedure (CABG or valvular) (P=0.545). Pre-operative variables did not increase the death risk, nor did the use of arterial or venous grafts (P=0.261), or the number of grafts per patient (P=0.131). CPB and cross-clamp time are associated with higher mortality. The survivors' group had an average CPB time of 70 ± 27 minutes while the non-survivors group 88.8 ± 25.4 minutes (P<0.001). Cross-clamp time in the survivors was 55.5 ± 20 minutes, while 64.9 ± 16 minutes in the non-survivors (P=0.014). Using multivariate logistic regression, CPB time is associated with death (Pearson's chi square= 0.0056). CPB time over 75 minutes presents an increased risk of death of 3.2 times (CI 95%: 1.3-7.9) over those with CPB time < 75 minutes. Post-operative variables associated with increased death rates: mechanical ventilation > 12 hours (P<0.001); ICU stay (P=0.033); re-exploration (P=0.001); inotropic support > 48 hours (P<0.001); use of blood components (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Overall mortality justifies the interventions. CPB time greater than 75 minutes, mechanical ventilation over 12 hours, length of ICU stay, need for reoperation, inotropic drug support over 48 hours, and use of blood components are associated with a higher mortality rate.

Riesgo perioperatorio en pacientes con cirrosis hepática / Perioperative risk among patients with cirrhosis

Ten percent of cirrhotic patients with severely compromised liver function will require a surgical procedure. This article reviews the surgical risk associated with liver damage and surgery. The most important prognostic factor is the degree of functional impairment of the liver. It is evaluated using the Child-Pugh score, which has limitations that have been partially overcome by the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Cardiac surgery has the highest risk, while extra-thoracic and extra-abdominal procedures have the lowest risk. The mortality for abdominal surgery fluctuates between 11 and 76 percent. Biliary surgery is associated with frequent complications and mortality, which seem to decrease when the procedures are laparoscopic. There are few series that evaluate risk in Child C patients. In liver resective surgery, liver function impairment and magnitude of the excision determine the risk. A high serum creatinine, cardiac failure and emergency surgery are independent risk factors. Although MELD score is useful to predict surgical risk, decision-making must be based on an individualized evaluation of each patient and careful planning of surgical procedures.

Fibrilación auricular en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca: factores de riesgo y morbimortalidad / Postoperative atrial fibrillation of cardiac surgery: risk factors and morbid-mortality

Introduction: postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent arrhythmia observed in patients undergoing a cardiac surgery. The worldwide incidence is 30 to 65 percent of cardiac surgery procedures, and is more frequent in patients undergoing a cardiac valve surgery. This arrhyhtmia implies an increment in the lenght and in the total costs of hospitalization, and is associated with serious adverse events like stroke, bleeding and death. The aim of this study was to know the incidence, risk factors, morbidity and mortality associated with POAF in our institution during one year. Main results: we analyze 321 patients that undergone a cardiac surgery during 2003. The incidence of POAF was 6,7 percent and the risk factors associated were the use of cold crystalloid cardioplegia (p < 0,05) and dyslipidemia (p < 0,05). Also, the left ventricle end diastolic diameter was larger but not significant (p = 0,053) in patients with POAF in comparison with patients without POAF. POAF results in an increment of the costs and the lenght of hospitalization. There was no mortality attributed to this arrhythmia in our patients. Conclusion: in this retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery there was a lower incidence of POAF in comparison with other series. The risk factors in this population of patients were the use of cold crystalloid cardioplegia and dyslipidemia. Although this arrhythmiawas associated with more days of hospitalization, there were no difference in mortality between patients with POAF and patients without POAF.

Coartacão de aorta em criancas até um ano: análise de 20 anos de experiência / Coarctation of the aorta in infants under one year of age: an analysis of 20 years of experience

OBJETIVO: Revisão da experiência com diversas técnicas de correcão empregadas, nos últimos 20 anos, em criancas menores de um ano de idade. MÉTODOS: No período de 1978 a 1998, foram operados 148 pacientes (pc) consecutivos com coartacão de aorta (CoAo) com até um ano de idade, com ou sem defeitos intracardíacos associados. A idade apresentou mediana de 50 dias, 92 pc do sexo feminino (62,1 por cento). O peso foi de 4.367n1.897 gramas. O seguimento foi em média de 1.152n1.462 dias. A populacão foi dividida em 3 grupos: Grupo I, CoAo isolada: 74 pc (50 por cento); Grupo II, CoAo e comunicacão interventricular (CIV): 41 pacientes (27,7 por cento) e Grupo III, CoAo com malformacões complexas: 33 pc (22,3 por cento). RESULTADOS: Mortalidade total foi 43 pc (29 por cento): com menos de 30 dias, foi 53 por cento, p=0,009, OR=4,5, entre 31 e 90 dias, foi 14,7 por cento, p=0,69, e acima de 91 dias, 15 por cento, p=0,004. A probabilidade de sobrevida atuarial de toda a populacão foi de 67 por cento aos 5 e 10 anos. Trinta e seis pacientes (24,3 por cento) recoartaram, dos quais 18 pacientes (50 por cento) tinham menos de 30 dias, OR=6,35. A incidência de recoartacão foi com a técnica de Waldhausen em 4 pacientes (10 por cento) e com a término-terminal clássica em 19 pacientes (26 por cento) p=0.03, e a istmoplastia em 6 pacientes (37,5 por cento). A probabilidade de sobrevida atuarial livre de recoartacão aos 5 e 10 anos foi de 69 por cento com a técnica de Waldhausen e 63 por cento com a técnica término-terminal clássica. CONCLUSAO: Pacientes com menos de 30 dias apresentaram risco aumentado de mortalidade e recoartacão. A técnica de Waldhausen em pacientes com mais de 30 dias mostrou-se efetiva. A técnica término-terminal clássica mostrou não ser uma boa opcão em todas as faixas etárias, sendo imperativo executar variantes técnicas como término-terminal estendida.

Salvamento de membros na infecçäo de prótese vascular / Axillo-popliteal bypass: member salvation in prsthetic vascular graft infection

A infecção de próteses vasculares é um dos maiores desafios terapêuticos dentro da cirurgia vascular periférica, causando inúmeras dificuldades técnicas e altos índices de morbi-moralidade. Relata-se caso de paciente portador de enxerto aorto-bifemoral com infecção da prótese e oclusão das artérias femorais bilateralmente, que foi submetido a bypass axilo-poplíteo suprapatelar, com abordagem lateral da artéria poplítea

Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas e dissecções do arco aórtico / Surgical treatment of aneurysms and dissections of the aortic arch

No período de jan/1990 a mar/1999, foram realizados 354 operações para tratamento de lesões da aorta torácica em nosso Serviço. Destas, 47 foram relacionadas a procedimentos no arco aórtico; 31 (66,0 porcento) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 26 a 74 anos (m = 54,9 + ou - 10,9). A dissecção aórtica foi responsável pela indicação cirúrgica em 33 (70,2 porcento) pacientes e os aneurismas fusiformes ou saculares em 14 (29,8 porcento). A operação foi indicada em caráter de urgência em 10 (21,3 porcento) pacientes, havendo 4 casos com sinais de rotura; 11 (23,4 porcento) pacientes já haviam sido submetidos a operação cardíaca prévia. O acesso cirúrgico foi a esternotomia mediana (42 casos) ou a toracotomia esquerda ou bilateral (5 casos). Hipotermia profunda com parada circulatória (PC) foi empregada em 97,8 porcento dos casos com o tempo PC variando de 15 a 60 minutos (m = 30,6 + ou - 12,6). A técnica do tipo hemiarco anterior foi empregada em 19 (40,4 porcento) pacientes, o hemiarco posterior em 5 (10,6 porcento), a substituição total em 18 (38,3 porcento), plastia em 4 (8,5 porcento) e derivação extra-anatômica em 1 (2,1 porcento). Foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos concomitantes: substituição da aorta ascendente por conduto valvulado (15), revascularização miocárdica (9), tromba de elefante (5) e troca valvar aórtica (3). A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 12,3 porcento (6 pacientes) sendo a complicação não fatal mais freqüente a insuficiência respiratória (7 casos). A análise dos fatores determinantes de mortalidade hospitalar demonstraram tendência estatística para idade acima de 60 anos (p = 0,17) e para portadores de dissecção aguda (p = 0,07). Dos 41 pacientes que receberam alta, 39 foram seguidos por um período de 1 mês a 9 anos. Houve 3 óbitos, sendo 1 por AVC e 2 em reoperações, necessárias em 5 pacientes. A sobrevida de 9 anos é de 80,85 porcento