Canales dominantes de percepción del conocimiento. Influencia en la evaluación del aprendizaje de la inmunología / Knowledge Perception Dominant Channels. Influence of the Evaluation of Immunology Learning

Introducción: Los estilos de aprendizaje según canales de percepción dominante del conocimiento de los estudiantes influyen en su aprendizaje. Su uso por los docentes puede favorecer o no a estudiantes con un canal específico. Objetivo: Describir la ubicación según los canales de percepción dominante del conocimiento de los estudiantes de medicina y la relación de estos con el resultado de las evaluaciones frecuentes en la asignatura Sangre y Sistema Inmune. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en 234 estudiantes y 30 profesores de la carrera de medicina en los cursos 2020-2021 y 2022. Los estudiantes se clasificaron según los resultados de un cuestionario para identificar el predominio del canal de percepción (visuales-auditivos-kinestésicos) y a los profesores se les realizó una encuesta para determinar su percepción sobre el uso de estrategias de enseñanza diferenciales para cada canal. El procesamiento se realizó en programa SPSS 25, a través de números, porcentaje y prueba de ji al cuadrado. Resultados: Predominó el canal visual con el 48 por ciento. Existió asociación con el sexo con p = 0,0016; en varones prevaleció el canal auditivo y en hembras el visual. La relación entre los canales de percepción dominante y el rendimiento académico fue significativa con p = 0,000. Conclusiones: Prevaleció el canal de percepción dominante visual. La distribución de cada canal se asoció con el sexo y el rendimiento académico; así se lograron mejores resultados por los estudiantes con percepción dominante visual. Esto último estuvo relacionado con el predominio de acciones por parte de los docentes que potencian este canal de percepción(AU)

Introduction: Learning styles according to dominant perception channels of students' knowledge influence their learning. Their use by professors may or may not favor students with a specific channel. Objective: To describe the location according to the dominant knowledge perception channels of medical students and their relationship with the results of frequent evaluations in the subject Blood and Immune System. Methods: A research was conducted with 234 students and 30 professors of the Medicine major during the academic years 2020-2021 and 2022. The students were classified according to the results of a questionnaire to identify the perception channel predominance (visual-auditory-kinesthetic), while the professors were surveyed to determine their perception on the use of differential teaching strategies for each channel. Processing was performed in SPSS 25, using numbers, percentages and the chi-squared test. Results: The visual channel predominated, accounting for 48 percent. There was an association with sex (p=0.0016); the auditory channel prevailed among males, while the visual channel prevailed among females. The relationship between dominant perception channels and academic performance was significant (p=0.000). Conclusions: The visual dominant perception channel prevailed. The distribution of each channel was associated with sex and academic performance; thus, better results were achieved by students with visual dominant perception. The latter was related to the predominance of actions by professors that enhance this perception channel(AU)

A coisa em psicanálise e o objeto no lísis de Platão / The thing in psychoanalysis and object in Plato's lysis / La cosa en psicoanálisis y el objeto en lisis de Platón

Este artigo propõe o estudo sobre o conceito de outro como semelhante e como objeto. Partindo de textos que interpelam a alteridade na psicanálise e remetendo aos temas do complexo semelhante, da satisfação, da perda, do luto, da negativa, da repetição; avalia o conceito de outro articulando textos de diversos autores. A partir da psicanálise freudiana, estuda o das Ding e a negação, discriminando com estes termos um objeto estruturante na origem do psiquismo. Aborda textos técnicos da psicanálise para delimitar o tema da repetição. Também a recordação e a repetição são vinculadas ao objeto e estudadas na perspectiva da filosofia moderna. São retomados temas do diálogo platônicos para definir o lugar do erótico e da amizade. No fim do presente artigo, propomos o termo clássico grego Oikos com valor equivalente ao da Coisa freudiana e como esta aparece em escritos psicanalíticos.(AU)

This article studies the concept of other as similar and object. It is based on texts that question the alterity in psychoanalysis and refers to the themes of otherness complex, loss, grief, negative, repetition, and evaluates the concept of other, using articles of diverse authors. Based on Freudian psychoanalysis, it studies the Thing and the denial and discriminates a structuring object in the origin of psychism. It approaches technical texts of psychoanalysis to delimitate the theme of repetition. The recordation and repetition are also linked to the object and studied from the perspective of modern philosophy. Themes of the platonic dialogues are resumed to define the place of the erotic and the friendship. In the end of the article, we propose the greek classic term Oikos, with equal value to the Freudian Thing, as this one appears in psychoanalytic writings.(AU)

Este artículo estudia el concepto Otro como semejante y como objeto. A partir de textos que interpelan la alteridad en psicoanálisis y que se refieren a temas del complejo semejante, de la satisfacción, de la pérdida, del duelo, de la negación, de la repetición, se evalúa el concepto de Otro articulando textos de diferentes autores. Basado en el psicoanálisis freudiano, se aborda Ding y la negación, discriminando con estos términos un objeto estructurante en el origen de lo psíquico. Se abordan textos técnicos del psicoanálisis para delimitar el tema de la repetición; el recuerdo y la repetición son vinculadas al objeto y estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía moderna; y se retoman temas de los diálogos platónicos para definir el lugar de lo erótico y la amistad. Al culminar este artículo se propone leer el término griego clásico Oikos con un valor equivalente al de la Cosa freudiana como aparece en los escritos psicoanalíticos.(AU)

The effects of neuro-linguistic programming and guided imagery on the pain and comfort after open-heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and guided imagery on postoperative pain and comfort after open-heart surgery. METHODS: In the current, prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study, the participants received NLP with a new behavior formation technique or the guided imagery relaxation technique using an audio compact disc for a duration of 30 min. RESULTS: The patients in the NLP group had significantly lower posttest pain levels, compared to the patients in the guided imagery and control groups. Moreover, the patients in the guided imagery group had significantly higher posttest comfort levels, compared to the patients in the NLP and control groups. CONCLUSION: The application of both NLP and guided imagery interventions resulted in reduced postoperative pain and increased postoperative comfort levels after open-heart surgery.

Utilização de uma fórmula para verificar a satisfação do paciente, analisando a expectativa e associando programação neurolinguística, para potencializar os resultados / Use of a formula to assess patient satisfaction and expectations through neuro-linguistic programming

Introdução: Uma das maiores preocupações dos pacientes candidatos a uma cirurgia plástica é a de não se atingir os resultados esperados. A Programação Neurolinguística (PNL) oferece entendimentos da estrutura da linguagem para dar pistas sobre como as pessoas pensam e como esses padrões de pensamento, por sua vez, afetam o comportamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar a utilização de uma fórmula, com o uso da PNL, na satisfação e na determinação da expectativa do paciente e os resultados obtidos após a sua utilização. Métodos: Técnicas de PNL foram empregadas para melhorar a comunicação e equalizar a expectativa dos pacientes. Foram analisados a média de cirurgias realizadas e o índice de refazimento de cirurgias nos últimos cinco anos em comparação com os cinco anos anteriores, em que não se empregavam os métodos descritos neste artigo. Resultados: A média de crescimento nos cinco anos anteriores era de 5% ao ano e a média verificada após a introdução da metodologia apresentada aumentou para 10% ao ano e o índice de refazimento e complementações cirúrgicos reduziu de 20% para 10%, no mesmo período. Conclusões: O uso da PNL nos ajudou a entender a expectativa, de maneira mais consistente, nos períodos analisados, aumentando significativamente o número de pacientes operados e reduziu o índice de refazimento e de complementações de cirurgias em nossa experiência.

Introduction: A major concern of patients who are candidates for a plastic surgery is failure to achieve expected results. Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) provides an understanding of the structure of language, clues about how people think, and how these patterns of thought affect behavior. The objective of this study was to validate the use of a formula based on NLP to assess patient satisfaction and expectations. Methods: NLP techniques were employed to improve communication and assess patient expectations. Using NLP, the average number of surgeries performed in the past 5 years and the reappraisal index were compared with those in the previous 5 years, in which the methods described in this article were not employed. Results: The average annual growth rate in the previous 5 years was 5% and the average rate verified after introduction of NLP methodology increased to 10%; the reappraisal and additional surgery index decreased from 20% to 10% in the same period. Conclusions: The use of NLP helped us to understand patient expectations in a more consistent manner for the periods analyzed, significantly increasing the number of operated patients and reducing the rate of reappraisal and additional surgeries.

Teste de Fluência Verbal: uma revisão histórico-crítica do conceito de fluência / Verbal Fluency Test: a historical-critical review of fluency concept / Test de Fluidez Verbal:una revisión históricocrítica del concepto de fluência

O teste de fluência verbal (TFV) é um dos mais utilizados na área de neurolinguística e neuropsicologia, contudo, pouco se tem analisado o conceito de fluência que subjaz à sua elaboração. Desta forma, o objetivo desta retrospectiva é analisar histórica e criticamente o TFV, sua criação e modificações até os dias atuais, à luz dos pressupostos que norteiam a Neurolinguística Enunciativo-Discursiva. A análise aponta que o conceito de fluência parece sustentar-se mais pela perspectiva da produtividade linguística do que pela compreensão das vias que possibilitam tal produtividade. Observa-se, ainda, a ocorrência de uma mudança conceitual em que a fluência deixa de ser considerada como um fator de inteligência isolado para ser uma tarefa pela qual se mobilizam outras atividades cognitivas como memória, atenção, vocabulário, dentre outras. Nesse sentido, desloca-se a avaliação da fluência linguística para uma avaliação da fluência cognitiva por meio da produção verbal.

Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) is one of the most used tests in europsychology, although the concept of fluency that underlies the test has been rarely discussed. In this way, this study aims to present ahistorical-critical review of VFT, its genesis and modifications until now, in light of Discursive-Enunciation Neurolinguistic. The review points the concept of fluency in VFT shows to be more related to a verbalquantitative production perspective than to a linguistic process comprehension that allows this production. Also, there is a conceptual change of fluency concept in neuropsychology, so that fluency is no longer considered as an isolated intelligence factor, to be considered a task that mobilizes other cognitive activities such as memory, attention, vocabulary, among others. In this sense, VFT has not been focusingon linguistic fluency but on cognitive fluency through verbal production.

El test de fluencia verbal (TFV) es uno de los más utilizados en el área de neurolingüística y neurosicología, aunque poco se ha analizado el concepto de fluencia que subjace en su elaboración. De esta forma, el objetivo de esta retrospectiva es analizar histórica y críticamente el TFV, su creación y sus modificaciones hasta los días actuales, a la luz de los presupuestos que nortean la Neurolingüística Enunciativo-Discursiva. El análisis apunta que el concepto de fluencia parece sustentarse más por laperspectiva de la productividad linguística, de que por la comprensión de las vías que posibilitan tal productividad. Se observa aún, que hay un cambio conceptual en que la fluencia deja de ser considerada como un factor de inteligencia aislado, para ser una tarea por la cual se mobilizan otras actividades cognitivas como memoria, atención, vocabulario, entre otras. En ese sentido, dislocase la evaluación de la fluencia linguística para una evaluación de la fluencia cognitiva por medio de la producción verbal.

Relação entre estilos de aprendizagem e rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes do quinto ano de medicina / Relationship between learning styles and academic performance of fifth graders enrolled in the medical course

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o(s) estilo(s) de aprendizagem dos estudantes do quinto ano do curso de medicina que frequentaram a disciplina de Oftalmologia e o nível de relação com o seu rendimento acadêmico. MÉTODOS: Foram aplicados questionários de estilos de aprendizagem de Kolb e Programação Neurolinguística (PNL) para determinar o estilo de aprendizagem dos estudantes e estes foram relacionados com as avaliações finais obtidas. As variáveis foram analisadas através do teste r de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que existe relação entre as variáveis estilos de aprendizagem e rendimento acadêmico (p < 0,05). Segundo o modelo de Kolb os estudantes com estilo reflexivo obtiveram melhor rendimento e de acordo com o modelo PNL, foram os estudantes com estilo visual. CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis estilos de aprendizagem a partir dos modelos de PNL e Kolb atuam independentemente do rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes do curso de medicina, indicando predomínio dos estilos visual e reflexivo...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the learning styles of fifth-year medical students who attended the ophthalmology course and to also determine the correlation with their academic performance. METHODS: Kolb'slearning style and neurolinguistic programming (NLP) questionnaires were applied and related tothe final grades obtained. The variables were analyzed using Pearson's r test. RESULTS: I trevealed a relation between the variables of learning styles and academic performance (p < 0.05).According to Kolb's model, students with better performance were reflective style and according to the NLP model, students with visual style. CONCLUSION: learning styles variables from the NLP mode land Kolb, actingin dependently of the academic performance of students ina medical career, marking the highest preference forthe visual style andreflective questionnaires applied based on both models.this study is consistent with other research in this field conducted with students of the samerace...

Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic review of the effects on health outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in health care has captured the interest of doctors, healthcare professionals, and managers. AIM: To evaluate the effects of NLP on health-related outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of experimental studies. METHOD: The following data sources were searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL, NLP specialist databases, reference lists, review articles, and NLP professional associations, training providers, and research groups. RESULTS: Searches revealed 1459 titles from which 10 experimental studies were included. Five studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and five were pre-post studies. Targeted health conditions were anxiety disorders, weight maintenance, morning sickness, substance misuse, and claustrophobia during MRI scanning. NLP interventions were mainly delivered across 4-20 sessions although three were single session. Eighteen outcomes were reported and the RCT sample sizes ranged from 22 to 106. Four RCTs reported no significant between group differences with the fifth finding in favour of the NLP arm (F = 8.114, P<0.001). Three RCTs and five pre-post studies reported within group improvements. Risk of bias across all studies was high or uncertain. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that NLP interventions improve health-related outcomes. This conclusion reflects the limited quantity and quality of NLP research, rather than robust evidence of no effect. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the allocation of NHS resources to NLP activities outside of research purposes.

Estrategias lingüísticas de PNLaplicadas a la kinesiterapia / Linguistic strategies of NLP applied to physiotherapy

Neuro Linguistic Programming or NLP is a discipline that has begun to spread in the last couple of decades. This discipline is dedicated to the study of subjective structure of the human experience. Discipline has been quite rise due to the large number of practical tools applied to different disciplines. Since the current focus of NLP, is the objective of this paper to present its many practical tools, one that is related to the language as an element that can help us produce changes in perception and meaning that people ascribe to an event determined. The tool presented in this paper is called "Language Games" and is presented here as a tool that can, incorporated into the physical therapy, help generate perceptual changes in our patients, guiding them to physical therapy. Patients not only suffer from a disease, but also experienced in unique and particular their pathological state.

La Programación Neurolingüística o PNL es una disciplina que ha comenzado a difundirse desde hace un par de décadas. Esta disciplina se dedica al estudio de la estructura subjetiva de la experiencia humana. Disciplina que ha tenido bastante auge debido a la gran cantidad de herramientas prácticas aplicadas a distintas disciplinas. Desde el enfoque actual de la PNL, es objetivo de este escrito el presentarles de sus muchas herramientas prácticas, una que está relacionada con el lenguaje como elemento que nos puede ayudar a generar cambios en la percepción y significado que las personas le atribuyen a algún evento determinado. La herramienta presentada en este escrito se denomina Juegos de Lenguaje y es presentada aquí como una herramienta que nos puede, incorporándola dentro de la terapia kinésica, ayudar a generar cambios perceptivos en nuestros pacientes, orientándolos con la terapia kinésica. Pacientes que no solo padecen una patología, sino que además experimentan en forma única y particular su estado patológico.

Programación neurolingüística en el fortalecimiento de la relación médico-paciente / Neurolinguistic programming to strengthen the physician-patient relationship

Introducción: En la relación médico-paciente, la comunicación es un elemento esencial, y una herramienta útil para ello es aplicar la programación neurolingüística. El terapeuta logra igualar la forma en que un paciente piensa, habla y actúa, por lo que la comunicación se vuelve más clara, con menos riesgo de confusión. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa, mediante una búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos médicas y de psicología, utilizando los términos MEsH y operadores lógicos Physician-Patient Relations [MeSH] and Neurolinguistic Programming [Mesh], y términos DeCS programación neurolingüística and comunicación. También se buscó manualmente la literatura en libros publicados relacionados con el tema. Conclusiones: Todas las personas tienen diferentes formas de representar el mundo. Esto se hace mediante diferentes canales de comunicación, auditivo, cinestésico y visual. Para cada una de estas representaciones existen unos predicados específicos, y la confianza se genera cuando el terapeuta acompaña a su paciente en su sistema representacional y cambia sus redicados para igualarlos con los de él. Esto es, en esencia, hablar en el lenguaje del paciente, que permite modelar cualquier comportamiento humano y establecer una alianza terapéutica.

Introduction: Communication is a vital element in the physician-patient relations, and a useful tool is the application of neurolinguistic programming. The therapist manages to emulate the way a patient thinks, talks and acts so communication becomes clearer, with lesser risk of confusion. Method: A narrative review was conducted by means of a systematic search, in the main medical and psychological data bases, using the terms mesh and logical operators Physician-Patient Relations [MeSH] and Neurolinguistic Programming [MeSH] and DeCS terms Neurolinguistic Programming and communication. Also, a manual search in books related to the topic was conducted. Conclusions: We all have different ways of representing the world; this is done through different communication channels: auditive, kinesthetic, and visual. There are specific predicates for each of these representations; trust is generated when the therapist accompanies his/her patient in his/her representational system and changes the predicates to make them the same as his/hers; this is, essentially, speaking in the patient´s language; this allows for the modelling of any human behavior and establishing a therapeutic alliance.

A cultura psicológica no mercado de bensde saúde mental contemporâneo / The psychological culture in the contemporary mental health marketplace

Estudou-se a hipótese da cultura psicológica proposta por Castel em 1987, buscando compreender as atuais transformações no campo social e suas incidências nas áreas da saúde mental (psiquiatria, psicanálise, psicologia). O surgimento de um novo arquipélago psicológico voltado para o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento do potencial humano visaria a uma programação infinita do ser humano na transição da sociedade disciplinar para uma sociedade de controle. Nesse panorama, a psicologia como profissão estaria superando o tratamento e a prevenção, dirigindo-se para a criação de uma sociabilidade relacional; a filosofia clínica poderia ser considerada uma modalidade terapêutica para pessoas normais, e o eneagrama e a programação neurolinguística seriam sistemas psicoterapêuticos que buscam levar o ser humano a um autodesenvolvimento global. Decifrou-se sua função estratégica quando foram situados no contexto mais amplo da atual forma de gestão dos riscos na administração de populações problemáticas.

We studied the hypothesis of psychological culture proposed by Castel, 1987, by seeking to understand the current transformations in the social field and its occurrence in the areas of mental health (Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, Psychology). The emergence of a new psychological cluster devoted to developing and improving the potential of the human being would aim towards the infinite programming of the human being, in the transition from a disciplinary society to one of control. With this perspective, psychology as a profession would be overcoming treatment and prevention, being redirected towards creating a relational sociability: Clinical Philosophy could be considered a therapeutic mode for normal people, and Enneagram and Neuro-Linguistic Programming as psychotherapeutic systems seeking to guide the human being towards global self-development. We decoded their strategic function, while they were situated in the broader context of the current form of risk management in the administration of problematic populations.

Neural correlates of message tailoring and self-relatedness in smoking cessation programming.

BACKGROUND: Smoking leads to illnesses including addiction, cancer, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Different intervention programs have become available. In the past decade, providing tailored smoking cessation messages has been shown to be more effective in inducing smoking cessation than one-size-fits-all interventions. However, little is known about the brain responses of smokers when they receive tailored smoking cessation messages. METHODS: A neuroimaging study using blocked and event-related designs examined neural activity in 24 smokers exposed to high-tailored and low-tailored smoking cessation messages. RESULTS: In both blocked and event-related conditions, rostral medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus/posterior cingulate were engaged more during the processing of high-tailored smoking cessation messages than low-tailored smoking cessation messages. CONCLUSIONS: The activation patterns of smokers to tailored cessation messages show involvement of brain areas commonly implicated in self-related processing. Results seem to add support to the suggested role of self-relevance in tailored cessation programs, where previous studies have shown a potential mediating role of self-relevance on smoking abstinence. The findings are relevant to understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying tailored message processing and might point to new directions for testing response to health communications programming.

Intraoperative mapping of language functions: a longitudinal neurolinguistic analysis.

OBJECT: This prospective longitudinally designed study was conducted to evaluate language functions pre- and postoperatively in patients who underwent microsurgical treatment of tumors in close proximity to or within language areas and to detect those patients at risk for a postoperative aphasic disturbance. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2005, 153 awake craniotomies with subsequent cortical mapping of language functions were performed in 149 patients. Language functions were assessed using a standardized test battery. Risk factors were obtained from multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Language mapping was able to be performed in all patients, and complete tumor resection was achieved in 48.4%. Within 21 days after surgery a new language deficit (aphasic disturbance) was observed in 41 (32%) of the 128 cases without preoperative deficits. There were a total of 60 cases involving postoperative aphasic disturbances, including cases both with and without preoperative disturbances. Risk factors for postoperative aphasic disturbance were preoperative aphasia (p<0.0002), intraoperative complications (p<0.02), language-positive sites within the tumor (p<0.001), and nonfrontal lesion location (p<0.001). In patients without a preoperative deficit, a normal (yet submaximal) naming performance was a powerful predictor for an early postoperative aphasic disturbance (p<0.0003). Seven months after treatment 10.9% of the 128 cases without preoperative aphasic disturbances continued to demonstrate new postoperative language disturbances. A total of 17.6% of all cases demonstrated new postoperative language disturbances after 7 months. Risk factors for persistent aphasic disturbance were increased age (>40 years, p<0.02) and preoperative aphasia (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Every attempt should be undertaken to preserve language-relevant areas intraoperatively, even when they are located within the tumor. New postoperative deficits resolve in the majority of patients, which may be a result of cortical mapping as well as functional reorganization.

Perfil evolutivo da fluência da fala de falantes do português brasileiro / Speech fluency developmental profile in brazilian Portuguese speakers

TEMA: a fluência de fala varia de indivíduo para indivíduo, fluente ou gago, dependendo de diversos fatores. Estudos que investigam a influência da idade nos padrões de fluência foram identificados, mas em grupos etários isolados. Estudos sobre a variação da fluência da fala ao longo da vida não foram localizados. OBJETIVO: verificar o perfil evolutivo da fluência da fala. MÉTODO: foram analisadas amostras de fala de 594 participantes fluentes, de ambos os gêneros com idades entre 2:0 e 99:11 anos, falantes do Português Brasileiro, agrupado em: pré-escolares, escolares, adolescência inicial, adolescência final, adultos e idosos. As amostras de fala foram analisadas a partir das variáveis do Perfil da Fluência da Fala e comparadas quanto a: tipologia das rupturas (disfluências comuns e gagas), velocidade de fala (em palavras e sílabas por minuto) e freqüência das rupturas (porcentagem de descontinuidade de fala). RESULTADOS: ao longo das idades não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para os índices de ruptura (disfluências comuns e gagas e porcentagem de descontinuidade de fala), embora tenham sido identificadas algumas variações isoladas. Já para velocidade de fala observa-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: a maturação do sistema neurolingüístico para a fluência, no que se refere às rupturas, parece se estabelecer já nos primeiros anos de vida e tendem a se manter inalteradas ao longo da vida. Os índices de velocidade de fala sofrem diferentes idades, indicando aquisição, desenvolvimento, estabilização e degeneração dos padrões.

BACKGROUND: speech fluency varies from one individual to the next, fluent or stutterer, depending on several factors. Studies that investigate the influence of age on fluency patterns have been identified; however these differences were investigated in isolated age groups. Studies about life span fluency variations were not found. AIM: to verify the speech fluency developmental profile. METHOD: speech samples of 594 fluent participants of both genders, with ages between 2:0 and 99:11 years, speakers of the Brazilian Portuguese language, were analyzed. Participants were grouped as follows: pre-scholars, scholars, early adolescence, late adolescence, adults and elderlies. Speech samples were analyzed according to the Speech Fluency Profile variables and were compared regarding: typology of speech disruptions (typical and less typical), speech rate (words and syllables per minute) and frequency of speech disruptions (percentage of speech discontinuity). RESULTS: although isolated variations were identified, overall there was no significant difference between the age groups for the speech disruption indexes (typical and less typical speech disruptions and percentage of speech discontinuity). Significant differences were observed between the groups when considering speech rate. CONCLUSION: the development of the neurolinguistic system for speech fluency, in terms of speech disruptions, seems to stabilize itself during the first years of life, presenting no alterations during the life span. Indexes of speech rate present variations in the age groups, indicating patterns of acquisition, development, stabilization and degeneration.

Nuevos avances en el estudio científico de la comprensión de textos / New advances in the scientific study of text comprehension

La comprensión de textos es una actividad psicológica que ha mantenido el interés de investigadores en la ciencia cognitiva. Sin embargo, sólo recientemente han surgido estudios en las neurociencias que intentan develar la maquinaria cerebral que soporta tal proceso. Este escrito revisa algunos de los trabajos clásicos y, particularmente, recientes en la ciencia cognitiva y los avances actuales en la neurociencia de la comprensión de textos. Luego se presenta un potencial modelo neurocognitivo basado en los presupuestos centrales de estas ciencias acerca de la comprensión de textos. Éste conserva las predicciones de los modelos cognitivos acerca de la comprensión y la arquitectura de los nuevos modelos neuropsicológicos acerca del desarrollo neurocognitivo. Finalmente, se presentan algunas preguntas para futuras investigaciones desde las perspectivas cognitivas y neurocientíficas de la comprensión de textos y algunos comentarios de cierre.

Text comprehension is a psychological activity that has attracted the interest of cognitive science for a long time.Nevertheless, just recently, neuroscientific studies have emerged in order to unveil the neural machinery behind this activity. This paper reviews some of the classical and, particularly, current works in cognitive science and new advances in the neuroscience of text comprehension. Later on, a potential neurocognitive model for text comprehension based on the core concepts of the cognitive and neuroscientific approaches is presented. This model preserves the predictionsmade by cognitive models as regards comprehension and the architecture of the new neuropsychological models asregards neurocognitive development. Finally, questions for future research in both domains and some general conclusions are offered.

The ordering of milestones in language development for children from 1 to 6 years of age.

PURPOSE: To scale language milestones in a group of 527 children to provide an instrument for screening language development. Procedure The questionnaire regarding these milestones was completed by parental report. It was evaluated whether the scaled milestones satisfied the assumptions of the Mokken item response model. RESULTS: The scalability of the final scale of 14 milestones was strong (H = .95), its reliability was high (rho = .96), and it satisfied the assumptions of the Mokken model. CONCLUSIONS: A single, unidimensional scale of diverse milestones was developed. It taps lexical, syntactic, and phonological skills, as well as both receptive and expressive language skills, and is well suited for mapping progress in language ability.

Uma visão holística para aquisição dos materiais técnicos hospitalares / A holistic vision to acquisition of hospital technical materials

O presente artigo trata da apresentação de parte dos resultados da pesquisa efetuada no Complexo Hospitalar Heliópolis pela autora, intitulado "Tecnologia e interação na comunidade hospitalar sob o enfoque da neurolinguística", no desenvolvimento do projeto da padronização de materiais de consumo técnico hospitalar, com objetivo de obter materiais que ofereçam maior conforto e segurança, tanto ao paciente como ao profissional envolvido. O estudo de princípios de comunicação buscou facilitar e otimizar a forma de aquisição, favorecendo as várias formas de leitura para uma melhor compreensão entre os diversos setores que compõem a comunidade hospitalar, na harmonia entre a qualidade do material e o desempenho técnico profissional.