Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in a Nigerian Hospital: Trend over a Decade.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer outcomes are poor in Nigeria, partly due to late-stage diagnosis. To assess the impact of past and present interventions, a review of an institutional data base was performed to determine the trend with respect to stage at diagnosis over a decade. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of an institutional data base was performed over a decade. The review period was divided into segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 and 2019-2022). The latter period (2019-2022), corresponds to a time of more intense community interventions aimed at promoting early diagnosis and treatment around the locality of the teaching hospital. The stage at diagnosis within these periods were compared. The relationship between stage and sociodemographic variables (age, religion, marital status, menopausal status, and level of education) was assessed. RESULTS: There were 910 patients, 144 within the first period (2013-2015), 318 in the second (2016-2018) and 454 in the third period (2019-2022). The majority presented with stage 3 disease (73.8%). There was a significant decline in the proportion of metastatic cases and a concomitant increase in early cases in the latter part of the review. The proportion of metastatic cases reduced from 23.6% (2013-2015), to 15.7% (2016-2018) and 9.3% (2019-2022) (p=0.001). Level of education was significantly associated with stage (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a trend towards downstaging of breast cancer in our locality. This trend corresponds to the period of more intense community interventions, justifying the need to further interrogate the direct impact of each of the interventions. This will provide a firm basis for sustaining or improving on current efforts to achieve more robust gains.

CONTEXTE: Les résultats du cancer du sein sont médiocres au Nigeria, en partie en raison d'un diagnostic tardif. Pour évaluer l'impact des interventions passées et actuelles, une revue d'une base de données institutionnelle a été réalisée pour déterminer la tendance en ce qui concerne le stade au moment du diagnostic sur une décennie. MÉTHODES: Une analyse rétrospective d'une base de données institutionnelle a été effectuée sur une décennie. La période de revue a été divisée en segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 et 2019-2022). La dernière période (2019-2022) correspond à une période d'interventions communautaires plus intensives visant à promouvoir un diagnostic précoce et un traitement autour de la localité de l'hôpital universitaire. Les stades au moment du diagnostic au cours de ces périodes ont été comparés. La relation entre le stade et les variables sociodémographiques (âge, religion, état matrimonial, statut ménopausique et niveau d'éducation) a été évaluée. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 910 patients, 144 dans la première période (2013-2015), 318 dans la deuxième (2016-2018) et 454 dans la troisième période (2019-2022). La majorité présentait une maladie de stade 3 (73,8 %). On a observé une diminution significative de la proportion de cas métastatiques et une augmentation concomitante des cas précoces dans la dernière partie de la revue. La proportion de cas métastatiques est passée de 23,6 % (2013-2015) à 15,7 % (2016- 2018) et 9,3 % (2019-2022) (p=0,001). Le niveau d'éducation était significativement associé au stade (p=0,001). CONCLUSION: Cette étude montre une tendance à la réduction du stade du cancer du sein dans notre localité. Cette tendance correspond à la période d'interventions communautaires plus intenses, justifiant la nécessité d'interroger davantage l'impact direct de chacune des interventions. Cela fournira une base solide pour soutenir ou améliorer les efforts actuels afin d'obtenir des gains plus robustes. Mots-clés: Sein, Cancer, Stade, Nigéria.

Tendencias temporales en el uso de métodos de barrera durante las relaciones sexuales en Argentina y eficacia de intervenciones para promover su implementación / Trends in the use of barrier methods during sexual intercourse in Argentina and the effectiveness of interventions to promote their implementation

Durante la última década, presenciamos en Argentina un aumento de la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual(ITS) vinculado con una disminución en el uso de métodos de barrera (MB). De acuerdo a la bibliografía, existen varias categorías de obstáculos para el uso de MB: desigualdades de género, dificultades económicas y/o de accesibilidad, desconfianza respecto de los MB provistos por el Estado respecto de su calidad y/o fecha de vencimiento, o bien, creencias acerca de que la utilización de MB disminuye el placer sexual o que no es necesario su uso cuando la relación de pareja es estable y/o basada en la confianza, el amor y/o la fidelidad. A partir de esta problemática, los autores de este artículo realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica y revisamos cual es la evidencia que respalda diferentes intervenciones para promover el uso de MB. Encontramos evidencia de moderada calidad que avala la eficacia de intervenciones a nivel comunitario basadas en la teoría sociocognitiva y en el aumento de la oferta y la disponibilidad de preservativos para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el HIV y el uso de estos métodos, sin impacto sobre la incidencia de ITS a nivel poblacional. (AU)

Over the last decade, Argentina has shown an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) linked to a decrease in the use of barrier methods (BM). According to the literature, there are several categories of obstacles for the use of BM: gender inequalities, economic and/or accessibility difficulties, mistrust regarding the quality and/or expiry date of state-provided BMs, as well as beliefs that the use of BMs reduces sexual pleasure or that their use is not necessary when the couple's relationship is stable and/or based on trust, love and/or fidelity. In light of this issue, the authors of this article conducted a literature search and reviewed the evidence supporting different interventions to promote the use of BM. They found moderate quality evidence that supports the efficacy of community-level interventions based on socio-cognitive theory and on increasing the supply and availability of condoms to improve knowledge about HIV and the use of these methods, with no impact on the incidence of STIs at the population level. (AU)

A Google Trends™ Analysis of Bladder Cancer: Determining Awareness Campaign Success, and Patients' Needs in Clinical Management.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the interest and changing trends over time in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and its awareness campaign by examining the Google Trends application as an indicator of people's interest globally. METHODS: Using the Google Trends application, we determined the yearly and country-based relative search volumes of the term "bladder tumor" and of the methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in the period from January 2004 to December 2019. We compared the median relative search volumes found in the period 2004-2011 (Period 1) with those found in the period 2012-2019 (Period 2). RESULTS: We found that the median relative search volume for bladder cancer decreased in period 2 and this was parallel to the decrease in the incidence rates in North America and Australia (p<0.001). We found that the bladder cancer awareness month did not cause an increase in the online interest (p>0.05). We found that the median relative search volumes of diagnostic cystoscopy and cytology were higher than those of molecular markers and imaging methods in line with guidelines (p<0.001). Also, TURBT was the most sought-term among treatment methods with increasing popularity in the second period (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: People use the internet intensively to search for information about bladder cancer. We think that several types of web-based applications such as "Google Trends" can help determine the behavioural patterns and tendencies of bladder cancer patients and affect the clinical decision-making processes, as well as readily determining the impact of cancer awareness campaigns to bring about an increased awareness in the society for the recognition of the importance of an early diagnosis.

A Review on Health-Promoting, Biological, and Functional Aspects of Bioactive Peptides in Food Applications.

Food-derived bioactive peptides are being used as important functional ingredients for health-promoting foods and nutraceuticals in recent times in order to prevent and manage several diseases thanks to their biological activities. Bioactive peptides are specific protein fractions, which show broad applications in cosmetics, food additives, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory ingredients. These peptides can preserve consumer health by retarding chronic diseases owing to modulation or improvement of the physiological functions of human body. They can also affect functional characteristics of different foods such as dairy products, fermented beverages, and plant and marine proteins. This manuscript reviews different aspects of bioactive peptides concerning their biological (antihypertensive, antioxidative, antiobesity, and hypocholesterolemic) and functional (water holding capacity, solubility, emulsifying, and foaming) properties. Moreover, the properties of several bioactive peptides extracted from different foods as potential ingredients to formulate health promoting foods are described. Thus, multifunctional properties of bioactive peptides provide the possibility to formulate or develop novel healthy food products.

Efetividade tecnológica na prontidão para mudança comportamental em hipertensão e excesso ponderal / Efectividad tecnológica en la prontitud para cambios de comportamiento en hipertensión y exceso ponderal / Technological effectiveness in readiness for behavior change in hypertension and overweight

Resumo Objetivo Testar a efetividade de uma tecnologia educativa sobre excesso ponderal no estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento do adulto com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e excesso ponderal. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental, com dois grupos, comparação e intervenção, cada um com 36 participantes, cujo estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento foi avaliado antes (momento zero) e depois (momento um) da intervenção (implementação ou não da cartilha), após um mês (momento dois) e dois meses (momento três) do primeiro contato, via telefone. O estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento foi comparado antes e depois e entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student para amostra em pares e para grupos independentes, respectivamente. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que a implementação da cartilha favorece pensamentos de mudança mais duradouros, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos no momento dois (p = 0,020) e três (p = 0,003) e entre os momentos zero e um (p < 0,0001), momentos zero e dois (p = 0,001), momentos zero e três (p < 0,0001) e momento dois e três (p < 0,0001) no grupo intervenção. Conclusão A cartilha educativa foi, portanto, validada e favoreceu o avanço no estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento, mostrando-se efetiva para práticas educativas em saúde. A validação da cartilha permite sua utilização em atividades de educação em saúde de modo confiável no público em questão.

Resumen Objetivo Poner a prueba la efectividad de una tecnología educativa sobre exceso ponderal respecto al nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento de adultos con hipertensión arterial sistémica y exceso ponderal. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental con dos grupos, uno de comparación y otro experimental, cada uno con 36 participantes, cuyo nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento fue evaluado antes (momento cero) y después (momento uno) de la intervención (implementación o no de la cartilla), después de un mes (momento dos) y dos meses después (momento tres) del primer contacto, por teléfono. El nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento se comparó antes y después para muestreo en pares y entre los grupos para grupos independientes mediante el test-T de Student. Resultados Los resultados demostraron que la implementación de la cartilla favorece pensamientos de cambios de mayor duración, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en el momento dos (p = 0,020) y tres (p = 0,003) y entre los momentos cero y uno (p < 0,0001), momentos cero y dos (p = 0,001), momentos cero y tres (p < 0,0001) y momento dos y tres (p < 0,0001) en el grupo experimental. Conclusión Por lo tanto, la cartilla educativa fue validada y favoreció el avance del nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento, por lo que se mostró efectiva para prácticas educativas en salud. La validación de la cartilla permite que sea utilizada en actividades de educación en salud de forma confiable para el público en cuestión.

Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of an educational technology on overweight in the stage of readiness for behavior change in adults with hypertension and overweight. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study, with two groups, comparison and intervention, each with 36 participants, whose stage of readiness for behavior change was assessed before (moment zero) and after (moment one) of the intervention (implementation or not) of the booklet after one month (moment two) and two months (moment three) of the first contact via telephone. The stage of readiness for behavior change was compared before and after and between groups by Student's t test for sample in pairs and for independent groups, respectively. Results The results showed that the implementation of the booklet favors more lasting thoughts of change, with statistically significant differences between the groups in moment two (p=0.020) and three (p=0.003) and between moments zero and one (p <0.0001), moments zero and two (p=0.001), moments zero and three (p <0.0001) and moment two and three (p <0.0001) in the group intervention. Conclusion The educational booklet was therefore validated and favored the advance in the stage of readiness for behavior change, proving to be effective for educational health practices. The validation of the booklet allows its use in health education activities reliably in the public in question.

Lessons from the Field: Interventions to Improve Health and Quality of Life to Address the NCD Crisis in Palau - Fostering Collaboration Across Sectors within the Government and Civil Society.

The Republic of Palau is a small island nation in the North Pacific with a population of 17,501. The islands of Palau are geographically isolated, considered rural, and medically underserved. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and risk factors are very high and account for more than 75% of all deaths and disabilities. Recognizing that the high rates of NCDs are undermining health and sustainable development of the nation, Palau declared a state of health emergency due to the epidemic of NCDs. It was recognized during the development of the NCD Prevention and Control Strategic Plan of Action 2015-2020 (Palau NCD Plan) that improved collaboration between government agencies, civil society, and the private sector was needed to address this epidemic. A multi-sectoral solution was needed to address a multi-sectoral problem. Through Presidential Executive Order, the National Coordinating Mechanism for Non-Communicable Diseases (CM) was established to mobilize sufficient resources and coordinate actions to prevent and control NCDs, ensure successful implementation of the Palau NCD Plan, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and other related plans and commitments, align such plans to national policies, ensure a health-in-all-policy approach to address health inequities, and bridge the gap between health and quality of life. Though the CM is young, improved coordination between agencies and accelerated action has taken place. Legislation was enacted that mandates 10% of alcohol and tobacco taxes be directed to NCD prevention through the Coordinating Mechanism, thus ensuring sustainability.

Using Google Trends to assess the impact of global public health days on online health information seeking behaviour in Central and South America.

BACKGROUND: Public health awareness can help prevent illness and result in earlier intervention when it does occur. For this reason, health promotion and disease awareness campaigns have great potential to alleviate the global burden of disease. Global Public Health Days (GPHD) are frequently implemented with this intent, but research evaluating their effectiveness, especially in the developing world setting, is scant. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the impact of four GPHDs (World Cancer Day, World Diabetes Day, World Mental Health Day, World AIDS Day) on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) in five Central and South American (CSA) countries which differ in their stage of economic development and epidemiological transition (Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua). METHODS: Google Trends data was used as a 'surrogate' of OHISB. This was measured on the 28 days leading up to the GPHD, on the date of the GPHD, and on the seven days following it. The Joinpoint regression programme was used to perform a time trend analysis on the Google Trends data. This allowed us to identify statistically significant time points of a change in trend, which reflect significant 'changes' to OHISB. RESULTS: GPHDs were inconsistently effective at influencing internet search query activity in the studied countries. In situations where an effect was significant, this impact was consistently short-term, with Relative Search Volume level returning to precampaign levels within 7 days of the GPHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply the need to revise GPHDs or create alternative health awareness campaigns, perhaps with a more long-term approach and tailored to the specific health needs of the CSA population. Developing effective preventive strategies is vital in helping combat the rising threat of NCDs in this region.

A Model for Developing Comprehensive Initiatives to Improve the Health of the Worksite: The WorkWell KS Strategic Framework.

Background: Worksite wellness programs that target individual employees, rather than worksites, have demonstrated limited long-term success. The purpose of this overview was to describe the theoretical basis for implementing an effective worksite wellness initiative, WorkWell Kansas (WorkWell KS). WorkWell KS is not a traditional worksite wellness initiative, as its goal is to create healthy worksites, rather than target workers. Methods: The WorkWell KS Strategic Framework is based on academic research that identified successful worksite wellness elements that produce sustainably healthy worksites. The curricula were built around the 3-4-80: three modifiable behaviors (tobacco use, poor access to nutritious foods and beverages, and physical inactivity) contribute to at least four chronic diseases (heart disease, type II diabetes, lung disease, and some cancers), which in turn contribute to approximately 80% of the premature deaths in the United States. Findings: To properly address these modifiable behaviors, the WorkWell KS Strategic Framework was developed to guide worksites to first build a solid worksite wellness foundation, which consists of five elements: the wellness committee, exercising leadership, communications, incentives, and data. Once built, worksites are then encouraged to employ a socio-ecological approach to developing a comprehensive, multi-strategy (information, program, benefit design, policy, and environment) intervention, focusing on one health behavior at a time. Conclusions/Application to Practice: The goal of WorkWell KS was to create healthy worksites, which creates environments for employees to practice these healthy behaviors. Worksite wellness committees, occupational health professionals, and others interested in altering health behaviors at worksites have an opportunity to reframe their approach using this framework.

[Expenditures of The German Statutory Health Insurance for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2012-2017: Positive Effects Due To The Disease Prevention Law?] / Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention 2012­2017: Positive Effekte durch das Präventionsgesetz?

BACKGROUND: The German Prevention Act aims to strengthen health promotion and disease prevention. The law makes changes to the so-called "§20 measures". Target values were newly given for the expenditures of the health insurance funds in this area. The objective here was to examine how the prevention expenditures of the statutory health insurance developed in the period from 2012 to 2017, and whether the requirements of the Prevention Act were met. METHODS: The accounting results of the statutory health insurance funds were evaluated for the period 2012-2017. The expenditures per insured person were calculated and the changes in expenditures were analysed. The effect of the prevention law was highlighted by differentiation of the time periods 2012-2014 and 2014-2017. RESULTS: In 2017, about 2.5% of the total expenditure of the German statutory health insurance, around 5 billion euros, was accounted for in the reported prevention areas. Nearly 60% of these prevention expenditures were on early detection and vaccinations. Expenditure on "§20 measures" amounted to € 7.17 per insured person and thus reached the statutory guideline but accounted for less than 10% of all prevention expenditure. Although prevention expenditure per insured person increased over the period, the proportion of money spent on prevention measures as a whole had decreased since 2015. Expenditure on prevention measures that were directly aimed at the insured (individual approach, bonus programmes) and the setting approach (non-occupational settings, worksite health promotion) had hardly increased overall since the Prevention Act came into force. This effect is due to the equally strong decrease in bonuses for health-conscious behaviour among insured persons, despite the sharp increase in expenditure on company and noncompany settings. CONCLUSION: The proportion of money spent on disease prevention in total expenditure is still decreasing. The targets set by the Prevention Act, however, have been reached. Thus, target values have apparently proved to be an effective instrument for regulating prevention expenditure and have led to an increase in expenditure in the setting approach. Overall, there has been no expenditure effect in the area of disease prevention since the Prevention Act was enacted, as compensation was made at the expense of the non-setting measures without target values.

Assessing the value for money of an integrated health and wellbeing service in the UK.

Lay health workers have been utilized to deliver health promotion programmes in a variety of settings. However, few studies have sought to determine whether these programmes represent value for money, particularly in a UK context. The present study involved an economic evaluation of Wellbeing for Life, an integrated health and wellbeing service in northern England. The service combined one-to-one interventions delivered by lay health workers (known as health trainers), group wellbeing interventions, volunteering opportunities and other community development activities. Value for money was assessed using an established economic model developed with input from a panel of commissioners and providers, and the main data source was the national health trainer data collection and reporting system. Between June 2015 and January 2017, behaviour change outcomes (i.e. whether client goals in relation to diet, physical activity, smoking or other behaviours, had been achieved) were recorded for 2433 of the 3179 individuals who accessed one-to-one interventions. The level of achievement observed gave an estimated total health gain of 287.7 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). In addition, there were 4669 health-promoting events, five asset mapping projects and 1595 occurrences of signposting to other services. Combining the value of individual behaviour change with the value of these additional activities gave an overall net cost per QALY gained of £3900 and a total estimated societal value of at least £3.45 for every £1 spent on the service. These results suggest that the Wellbeing for Life service offered good value for money. Further research is needed to systematically and comprehensively determine the societal value of similar holistic, asset-based and lay-led approaches.

Health promotion in schools: speeches, representations, and approaches / Promoción de la salud en la escuela: discursos, representaciones y enfoques / Promoção da saúde na escola: discursos, representações e abordagens

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze speeches, representations, and approaches on health and health promotion in schools, materialized in the speech of teachers. Methods: a qualitative study, of the case study type, carried out with 17 teachers from the municipal and state educational network. The data were obtained from interviews and analyzed by the Content-Oriented Discourse Analysis. Results: medical-sanitary and clinical-biological discourses predominated. Health is represented as the absence of disease, reflecting approaches that prioritize healthy habits and changes in behavior. Problematization of social determinants occurs in projects, in an intersectorial partnership. Final Considerations: carrying out projects of health promotion in schools ignores the solidification of partnerships and the construction of new speeches that represent it as quality of life conditioned by social, economic, and cultural factors as well as strategies for the ideological repositioning of those actors who act in this setting.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los discursos, representaciones y enfoques sobre salud y promoción de la salud en la escuela, materializados en el habla de profesores . Métodos: estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de caso, realizado con 17 profesores de la red municipal y estadual de enseñanza. Los datos fueron obtenidos de entrevistas y analizados por el Análisis de Discurso Textualmente Orientada. Resultados: predominaron los discursos médico-sanitario y clínico-biológico. La salud se representa como la ausencia de enfermedad, repercutiendo en enfoques que priorizan hábitos saludables y cambios de comportamiento. La problematización de los determinantes sociales ocurre en los proyectos, en sociedad intersectorial. Consideraciones Finales: la realización de proyectos de promoción de la salud en la escuela prescinde de la solidificación de alianzas y de la construcción de nuevos discursos que la represente como calidad de vida condicionada por factores sociales, económicos y culturales, así como estrategias para el reposicionamiento ideológico de aquellos actores que actúan en ese proceso paisaje.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os discursos, representações e abordagens sobre saúde e promoção da saúde na escola, materializados na fala de professores. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado com 17 professores da rede municipal e estadual de ensino. Os dados foram obtidos de entrevistas e analisados pela Análise de Discurso Textualmente Orientada. Resultados: predominaram os discursos médico-sanitário e clínico-biológico. A saúde é representada como a ausência de doença, repercutindo em abordagens que priorizam hábitos saudáveis e mudanças de comportamento. A problematização dos determinantes sociais ocorre nos projetos, em parceria intersetorial. Considerações Finais: a realização de projetos de promoção da saúde na escola prescinde da solidificação de parcerias e da construção de novos discursos, que a represente como qualidade de vida condicionada por fatores sociais, econômicos e culturais, assim como estratégias para o reposicionamento ideológico daqueles atores que atuam nesse cenário.

Reasons for women's approach and permanence in Zumba

Abstract Aim: This study aims to comprehend the reasons for women's approach and permanence in Zumba. Method: In this descriptive study, we interviewed 20 female interviewees 31-66 years-old (M=46.14; SD=10,07). Inclusion criteria were: have been training Zumba for at least one year and with a minimum frequency of once a week. We excluded women who practice other activities simultaneously to Zumba. For data collection, we applied a semi-structured interview covering the following aspects: how they approached Zumba and the reasons why they kept training it. Data analysis was performed using non-aprioristic categories. Results: The interviewees reported approaching Zumba by friends, family, personal initiative, media, and medical advice. The permanence in the modality was related to therapeutic aspects, pleasure, sociability, being good for health, and engagement in a body practice. Conclusion: We concluded that women approach and keep training Zumba for reasons that surpass the physical benefits provided by body practices; rather, it is deemed as a useful and social practice.

Exercise program on the health of people with epilepsy: protocol of a randomized controlled trial study

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to describe an experimental protocol to evaluate how a structured exercise program can impact on the health of people with epilepsy. Methods: For this purpose, a randomized control trial will be conducted in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) Control- maintain usual activities, and 2) Exercise- a structured exercise program, with two 60-minute sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The intervention will be composed by warm-up (5-minutes), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-20 minutes, performed on a treadmill), resistance training (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minutes of stretching exercises. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, cognitive function, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and strength (dynamometer) will be measured at baseline and 12-week post-intervention. Participants will receive a diary to record their seizures throughout the study. Results: A structured exercise program is expected to generate beneficial health effects, and the results can assist in health professionals' clinical practice for people with epilepsy.

Happiness as a strength in the promotion of adolescent and adult young health / Felicidad como fuerza en la promoción de la salud del adolescente y adulto joven / A felicidade como força na promoção da saúde do adolescente e adulto jovem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. Methods: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. Results: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. Conclusions: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas de los jóvenes asociadas con la subjetividad de ser feliz; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la percepción del estado de salud; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y el ambiente escolar, familiar y grupo de pares en la escuela. Métodos: estudio observacional con una muestra de 1.069 jóvenes portugueses, entre los 14 y los 24 años, en su mayoría mujeres, que asiste a la escuela secundaria. Se utilizó el cuestionario de autollenado. Resultados: se destacan asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la escolaridad, la percepción del estado de salud, el APGAR Familiar, la participación escolar y familiar, ausencia de problemas o provocaciones por los pares en la escuela. Conclusiones: un cuidado positivo y holístico aliado al potencial de obtención y consolidación de patrones de vida saludables de los jóvenes permitirá a los profesionales de la salud percibirlos como agentes de cambio individual y social.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas dos jovens associadas à subjetividade de ser feliz; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a percepção do estado de saúde; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e o ambiente escolar, familiar e grupo de pares na escola. Métodos: estudo observacional, com amostra intencional de 1.069 jovens portugueses, entre 14 e 24 anos, maioria do sexo feminino, que frequenta o ensino secundário. Utilizou-se o questionário de autopreenchimento. Resultados: destacam-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a escolaridade, a percepção do estado de saúde, APGAR Familiar, o envolvimento escolar e familiar, ausência de problemas ou provocações pelos pares na escola. Conclusões: um cuidado positivo e holístico aliado ao potencial de obtenção e consolidação de padrões de vida saudáveis dos jovens permitirá aos profissionais de saúde percebê-los como agentes de mudança individual e social.

Tendencia de actividades odontológicas realizadas en atención primaria del Servicio de Salud Valparaíso - San Antonio, chile: 2008 a 2018 / The evolution of dental services carried out in primary health care centers of the valparaíso - san antonio health service in chile: 2008-2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La actual Política de Salud Bucal chilena indica que la atención odontológica está orientada a la promoción y prevención, reforzando la atención odontológica en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Se desconoce cómo esta política se ha materializado en el tiempo, pues, a la fecha, no existen estudios que analicen la tendencia de este tipo de actividades. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia de las actividades odontológicas, realizadas en adultos y adultos mayores, en APS del Servicio de Salud Valparaíso - San Antonio (SSVSA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de tipo mixto entre los años 2008-2018, en 8 de las 9 comunas del SSVSA. Se analizó la tendencia del porcentaje de actividades promocionales-preventivas (APP) y de exodoncias utilizando las bases de datos "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTADOS: El 24,53% y 11,36% de las actividades realizadas correspondieron a APP y a exodoncias, respectivamente. El grupo de 20-64 años presentó un mayor porcentaje de APP y un menor porcentaje de exodoncias que el grupo de 65 y más años, en cada una de las comunas. Hubo una tendencia al aumento del porcentaje de APP y a la disminución del porcentaje de exodoncia en la mayoría de las comunas estudiadas. DISCUSIÓN: La tendencia de las actividades odontológicas realizadas en APS ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años, con diferencias entre comunas del SSVSA. Para poder determinar cuáles son los motivos que explican los resultados encontrados, se sugiere realizar otros estudios enfocados a la gestión odontológica local de APS. (AU)

BACKGROUND: The current Chilean Oral Health Policy indicates that dental care is aimed at promotion and prevention, thus reinforcing the presence of dental programs in Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers. It is unknown how this policy has materialized over time, since no studies to date have analyzed the trend of dental services carried out in PHC. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of dental services carried out in adults in PHC of the Valpa-raíso - San Antonio Health Service (VSAHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed ecological study was carried out between 2008 and 2018, in 8 of the 9 municipalities of the VSAHS. The per-centage trends of promotional-preventive services (PPS) and extractions were analyzed, using the databases "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTS: The percentage of dental services dedicated to PPS and extractions were 24.53% and 11.36%, respectively. The group of adults between 20 and 64 years of age presented a higher percentage of PPS and a lower percentage of extractions than the 65 and over group in each municipality. There was also a trend of the percentage of PPS services increasing over time, while the percentage of extractions decreased in most of the municipalities studied. DISCUSSION: The type of den-tal services carried out in PHC has evolved over time, and differences were found between municipalities of the VSAHS. To explain these results, future studies should focus on the local management of dental services in PHC. (AU)