Tachycardia and Acute Kidney Injury among Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: Tachycardia caused by sympathetic overactivity impairs myocardial function and raises septic patients' mortality. This study examined whether tachycardia is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) period-prevalence among critically ill patients with and without sepsis. METHODS: In 328 patients (119 sepsis and 209 non-sepsis) admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU), we assessed heart rate at ICU admission, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein and N-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) at 0 and 48 h after admission. Tachycardia was defined as a heart rate above 100 beats/min. RESULTS: Tachycardia was independently correlated with AKI prevalence during the first week after ICU admission in the septic patients, but not in the non-septic patients. A dose-dependent increase in AKI period-prevalence was observed across ascending heart rate ranges. Furthermore, we discovered a dose-dependent increase in renal biomarker-positive patients regarding plasma NGAL and urinary NAG over increasing heart rate ranges 48 h after admission. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed an independent relationship between tachycardia and AKI prevalence during the first week of ICU in septic patients. Heart rate was found to have a dose-dependent effect on AKI prevalence and renal insult monitored by biomarkers.

Perioperative Acute Renal Injury: Revisiting Pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND: Acute renal dysfunction and subsequent acute renal failure after cardiac surgery are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early therapeutic or preventive intervention is hampered by the lack of an early biomarker for acute renal injury. Recent studies showed that urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL or lipocalin 2) is upregulated early (within 1 to 3 h) after murine renal injury and in pediatric acute renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery. The authors hypothesized that postoperative urinary NGAL concentrations are increased in adult patients developing acute renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery compared with patients without acute renal dysfunction. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 81 cardiac surgical patients were prospectively studied. Urine samples were collected immediately before incision and at various time intervals after surgery for NGAL analysis by quantitative immunoblotting. Acute renal dysfunction was defined as peak postoperative serum creatinine increase by 50% or greater compared with preoperative serum creatinine. RESULTS: Sixteen of 81 patients (20%) developed postoperative acute renal dysfunction, and the mean urinary NGAL concentrations in patients who developed acute renal dysfunction were significantly higher early after surgery (after 1 h, mean ± SD, 4,195 ± 6,520 vs. 1,068 ± 2,129 ng/ml; P < 0.01) compared with patients who did not develop acute renal dysfunction. Mean urinary NGAL concentrations continued to increase and remained significantly higher at 3 and 18 h after cardiac surgery in patients with acute renal dysfunction. In contrast, urinary NGAL in patients without acute renal dysfunction decreased rapidly after cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Patients developing postoperative acute renal dysfunction had significantly higher urinary NGAL concentrations early after cardiac surgery. Urinary NGAL may therefore be a useful early biomarker of acute renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery. These findings may facilitate the early detection of acute renal injury and potentially prevent progression to acute renal failure.

NGAL urinária em pacientes sem e com lesão renal aguda em unidade de terapia intensiva / Urinary NGAL in patients with and without acute kidney injury in a cardiology intensive care unit

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia diagnóstica e prognóstica da lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo do tipo coorte, prospectivo, longitudinal desenvolvido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica especializada em cardiologia. Os pacientes foram estratificados segundo os grupos sem e com lesão renal aguda, acompanhados a partir das primeiras 24 horas de internação até a alta hospitalar ou óbito. A creatinina sérica, o fluxo urinário e a lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária foram coletadas em dois períodos: 24 horas e 48 horas de admissão. Resultados: Foram avaliados 83 pacientes clínicos da unidade de terapia intensiva, com predomínio do gênero masculino (57,8%). Os pacientes foram agrupados em sem lesão renal aguda (N=18), com lesão renal aguda (N=28) ou com lesão renal aguda grave (N=37). Entre os pacientes com lesão renal aguda e lesão renal aguda grave, foram prevalentes os portadores de doenças crônicas, em uso de ventilação mecânica e em terapia de substituição renal, além daqueles com maiores taxas de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e hospitalar, e maior mortalidade. O grupo com lesão renal aguda não apresentou alteração significativa da creatinina sérica nas primeiras 24 horas na unidade de terapia intensiva, ...

Objective: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective cohort study conducted in a cardiology intensive care unit. The participants were divided into groups with and without acute kidney injury and were followed from admission to the intensive care unit until hospital discharge or death. Serum creatinine, urine output and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured 24 and 48 hours after admission. Results: A total of 83 patients admitted to the intensive care unit for clinical reasons were assessed, most being male (57.8%). The participants were divided into groups without acute kidney injury (N=18), with acute kidney injury (N=28) and with severe acute kidney injury (N=37). Chronic diseases, mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy were more common in the groups with acute kidney injury and severe acute kidney injury, and those groups exhibited longer intensive care unit stay and hospital stay and higher mortality. Serum creatinine did not change significantly in the group with acute kidney injury within the first 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit, although, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was high in the groups with acute kidney injury and severe acute kidney injury (p<0.001). Increased urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was associated with death. ...

Papel da lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica (NGAL) urinária na nefrotoxicidade da cisplatina em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Evaluation of the cisplatin nephrotoxicity using the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with head and neck cancer

Introdução: A injúria renal aguda (IRA) em pacientes que recebem a cisplatina é comum, portanto, a avaliação da função renal em pacientes utilizando drogas nefrotóxicas é fundamental. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência da IRA e o papel da lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica (NGAL) na avaliação da função renal em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) que receberam a cisplatina. Métodos: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 50 pacientes com CCP, tratados com três sessões de cisplatina. Foram coletados sangue e urina 24 horas antes da cisplatina, 24 horas após a infusão, 48 horas após cada aplicação e 35 dias após o término do tratamento (NGAL urinária, proteína C reativa, creatinina e taxa de filtração glomerular, desidrogenase lática e magnésio plasmáticos). Resultados: A IRA foi observada em 78% dos pacientes. Houve aumento na creatinina, ureia e queda na TFG após cada ciclo de cisplatina, e aumento da NGAL urinária. Foi observada associação positiva entre os níveis de NGAL e a creatinina e PCR. Evidenciou-se um aumento dos níveis de creatinina, NGAL, PCR e diminuição da TFG nos pacientes com IRA em relação aos pacientes sem IRA. Conclusão: Observamos IRA em 78% dos pacientes avaliados com CCP tratados com a cisplatina e correlação da NGAL com a creatinina e a TFG em demonstrar lesão renal. Os níveis de NGAL podem estar elevados em relação aos níveis basais, mesmo antes da utilização da cisplatina. .

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving cisplatin is common, therefore the evaluation of renal function in patients on use of nephrotoxic drugs is fundamental. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of AKI and the role of lipocalin associated to neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL) in the monitoring of renal function in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) who received cisplatin. Methods: We prospectively studied 50 patients with HNC treated with three sessions of cisplatin. Blood and urine were collected 24 hours before cisplatin, 24 hours after infusion, 48 hours after each application and 35 days after the end of treatment (urine NGAL, C-reactive protein, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, plasma lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium). Results: AKI was observed in 78% of patients. There was increase in creatinine, and decrease in GFR after each cycle of cisplatin, and increased urine NGAL. Positive association was observed between the levels of NGAL, creatinine and C-reactive protein. It was observed an increase in creatinine, NGAL, C-reactive protein and decreased GFR in AKI patients compared to patients without AKI. Conclusion: AKI was noted in 78% of patients with HNC treated with cisplatin and showed the correlation of NGAL with creatinine and GFR in demonstrating renal injury. NGAL levels may be elevated compared to baseline levels, even before the use of cisplatin. .